 Rewrite the following sentences beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the

same.

1) The company S did not break V the law O at any time ADV
At no time did the company break the law.

2) You should not travel alone under any circumstances.

Under no circumstances should you travel.

3) I have never seen such extraordinary behaviour in my life.

Never in my life have i seen such extraordinary behaviour.

4) The telephone had been disconnected. There wasn’t any electricity either.
The telephone had been disconnected. Nor was there any electricity.

5) We seldom had any time to ourselves.

Seldom have we any time for ourselves.
*Seldom did we have any time for ourselves.

6) It’s only hot enough to sit out in the summer.

Only in summer is it hot enough to sit down.

7) I’m not going to let this happen.

No way am I going to let his happen.

8) Jeff had not been back to the village since his childhood.
Not since his childhood had Jeff been back to the village.

9) (?) Martin had no sooner sat down than the telephone rang.
No sooner had Martin sat down when the telephone rang. (?)
10) I had hardly started work when I felt a pain in my neck.
Hardly had I started to work when I felt pain in my neck.
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 Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word or words in capitals, and so that
the meaning stays the same.

1) The demand for the tickets was so great that people queued day and night. SUCH
- The demand for tickets was such that people queued day and night.
- Such was the demand for tickets that people queued day and night.

2) The money is not to be paid under any circumstances. NO

- Under no circumstances is the money to be paid.

3) Three days passed before we arrived at the first oasis. NOT UNTIL
- Not until three days passed, we arrived at the first oasis.
- Not until three days passed before we had arrived at the first oasis.

4) Soon after the ship left port, a violent storm developed. HARDLY
- Hardly after the ship left port, a violet storm developed.
- Hardly had the ship left port, a violent storm developed.

5) Brenda had no idea what she was letting herself in for. LITTLE
- Little did Brenda know what she was letting herself in for.

 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate form of the verbs.

1. My daughter ____watches___________________ (to watch) television after dinner.

2. The changes in male attitude _are___________ (to be) most obvious in industry.

3. The audience _____was_____________ (to be, past) enjoying every minute of it.

4. What I say and what I think ___are______________ (to be) my own affair.

5. Either the Mayor or her deputy _____is_________ (to be) bound to come.

6. Either your eyesight or your brakes _____are_________ (to be) at fault.

7. No people of that name ______live____________ (to live) here.

8. Everybody in the country ______wants___________ (to want) one of these.

9. The Prime Minister, together with his wife, ____greets__________ (to greet) the press

cordially.

10. The committee __________debates_______ (to debate) these questions carefully.

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 Identify the one underlined expression (A, B, C or D) that must be changed in order to

correct these sentences.

1. My neighbor used to say, “How about helping me carry this?” or “Give me a hand

with this, would you?”, but at no time he asked me if I ever needed help with

anything.  did he ask me

2. I’m not trying to work more, but quite often I have no time for lunch or I don’t have

much of an appetite, and so I take no longer a whole hour for my lunch break.
  so I no longer take

3. I told Sarah that it wasn’t my party. I explained that it was my brother’s party, so

none of my friends had been invited. I guess she didn’t believe me because her first

question was, “Why you didn’t invite me to the party?”

 why didn’t you

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 Complete each sentence in such a way that it is similar as possible in meaning to the

sentence above it.

1. The room wasn’t only cold, it was also very damp.

- Not only was the room cold, but it was also very damp.

2. Your sister said she gave the money to someone.

Who did your sister SAY she gave the money to?

3. Andreas thinks that something has been stolen.

What does andreas think was stolen?

What does Andreas think has been stolen?

4. She suggested that I take the train instead of driving.

- She said, “Why don’t you take train instead of driving?

5. “What’s his name and where does he live?”

They asked me what his name was and where he liveD.

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 Rewrite these statements as questions beginning with a wh-word. What is the

syntactic role of the wh-words in the sentences below?

1. They (S) think (V) something (O) is (V) wrong (IO).

- What do they think is wrong? E.g. something (O)

2. You (S) believe (V) someone is responsible for the current conflict.

- Who do you believe is responsible for the current conflict? (S)

3. You imagine their new house is going to look like something.

- What do you imagine their new house is going to look like? (OC) – object

complement

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 Identify any examples of substitution or ellipsis in the following sentences.

1. Would you like to hear a joke? Have you heard the one about the five flies?  S

2. I’m afraid he’s in love and she isn’t.  E

3. Alex chose Oxford and Alice (choose) Cambridge.  E

4. Cindy was by far the best speaker, and so everyone expected that she would win the

prize.  S

5. If he works hard, I won’t have to.  E

6. Jump across the stream. Come on. Just do it!  S

7. Jones was fired. They said so on the news.  S

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 What has been omitted through ellipsis in the following examples?

1. Dr Foster has said he’s planning to go on holiday, but he hasn’t told us where or

when yet.  where or when is he going on holiday

2. Want a drink, do you?  Do you want a drink

3. Good to see you.  It is good to see you.

4. Those who prefer, can stay indoors.  Those who prefer to stay indoors, can stay

indoors.

5. My own camera, like Peter’s, is Japanese.  like Peter’s camera is Japanese

6. Somebody has hidden my notebook, but I don’t know who.  But I don’t know who

has hidden my notebook.

7. A: We’re bound to win the prize someday.

B: Yes, but when?  when are we bound to win the prize.

8. He sat in his hot clothes and felt heavy.  and he felt heavy.

9. I asked you to pay me a thousand and you agreed.  to pay me a thousand.

10. Her smile said she was in charge and could take his money if she wanted to. 

if she wanted to take his money.

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 In the following sentences, identify the clause elements and clause types

(intransitive, monotransitive, etc.).

1. The sun is shining. – INTRANSITIVE

2. I must send my parents an anniversary card. - DITRANSITIVE

3. My office is in the next building. - COPULAR

4. Most students have found her reasonably helpful. - COMPLEX

5. Your dinner seems ready.  COPULAR

6. He (S) got (V) himself (DO) into trouble (IO).  DITRANSITIVE

7. You can put the book on the table.  COMPLEX

8. He (S) got (V) his shoes and socks (DO) wet. (CO)  COMPLEX

9. We elected her our delegate. – DITRANSITIVE

10. Daniel (S) stayed (V) very quiet (.  COPULAR

11. They are sending us to Disneyland.  COPULAR

12. The Swiss cheese has gone bad.  INTRANSITIVE

13. I only bought one today.  COPULAR

14. I was here, with uncle Nick, thirty years ago.  COPULAR

15. That makes me so happy.  DITRANSITIVE

16. Many consider these new gates something of a menace.  DITRANSITVE

17. Oh, are you having a bad time?  MONOTRANSITIVE