SOCIAL STUDIES

Grade Six
Term 1
TOPIC: Our World

SUB-TOPIC: Continents
 Our world is spherical in shape.

Map of the World showing Seas, Oceans and Continents

 The earth is made up of :

 Oceans
 Seas
 Continents / landmasses
Landmasses/ Continents

What is a continent?

 A continent is a large mass of land. It may be made up of one country or a number of countries.
 There are seven continents in the world.
1. Asia
2. Europe
3. Africa
4. South America
5. Antarctica
6. Australia
7. North America

Map of the world showing the seven (7) continents

Some facts about the continents

Asia

 Asia is the largest continent.

 It covers almost one third of the earth
 Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world, is found in Asia.
 It has 49 countries.

Map of the world showing the countries in Asia

 Russia is the largest country in the world, it is found in Asia

and Europe but most of it is found in Asia.
 The smallest country is Maldives.
 China is the most populated country in the world.
 Our fore parents – the Amerindians, East Indians and the Chinese came from the continent of
Asia.
Map of the world showing the countries in Africa

Africa
 Africa is the second largest continent in the world.
 Our fore- parents the Africans – came from this continent
 Africa is made up of fifty -two (52) independent countries.
 The largest country in Africa is Sudan.
 The smallest country in Africa is Seychelles.
 The Sahara Desert is found in the continent of Africa.

Map of the world showing the countries in North America

North America

 North America is a continent which is located entirely on the

northern and western hemisphere.
 Is the 3rd largest continent in the world.
 It includes among others:
1. The United States of America (USA)
2. Canada
3. Mexico
4. Countries in Central America
5. The Caribbean islands and various other countries.
 The largest country in North America is Canada.
 The smallest country in North America is St. Kitts and Nevis.
 The largest state is Alaska.
 The largest city is New York.

Map showing Central America

Map of the world showing the continent of South America

South America

 Is the fourth largest continent.

 Is made up of 13 countries.
 Largest Country: Brazil.
 Largest City: Sao Paolo in Brazil.
 Smallest Country: Suriname.
 Longest River: Amazon River.
 Highest Mountain: Aconcagua in Argentina.
 Countries in South America that are located in the Northern
Hemisphere:
1. Venezuela
2. Guyana
3. Suriname
4. French Guiana and (the northern regions of) Ecuador,
Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil

Map of the world showing Antarctica

Antarctica

 Is the 5th largest continent in the world.

 Is the coldest and is covered almost completely by ice.
 Is known as the frozen continent.
 It covers and surround the south pole.

Map of the world showing the continent of Europe

Europe

 Europe is the 6th largest continent.

  Our fore parents – the Europeans and Portuguese came
from the continent of Europe.
 The largest country is Ukraine.
 The smallest country is the Vatican City
 The largest city in Europe is Paris

Map of the world showing the continent of Australia

Australia/Oceania

 Is the smallest continent.

 Is the only continent that is a country.
 The capital of Australia is Canberra.
 The smallest city is Nauru.
 The largest city in Australia is Sydney.
SUB-TOPIC: Water - Seas and Oceans

Division - Lines of Latitude and Longitude

 Oceans
 An ocean is a great body of water surrounding or separating continents.

 There is one world ocean, but it is divided into five main areas:
 The Pacific
 The Atlantic
 The Indian
 The Arctic
 The Southern or Antarctic

Together, they can be seen as one World Ocean because they have no real borders, and water flows
freely between them.

Map of the world showing Oceans, continents, and seas

Map of the world showing the Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean

 ―Pacific’ means peaceful.

 The Pacific is by far the largest ocean in the world.
 Covers more than a third (1/3) of the world.
 Is located to the East of North and South America and
West of Asia and Australia.

Map of the world showing the Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean

 The second largest ocean in the world.

 Found between North and South America and
Europe and Asia.
 The Atlantic Ocean is the ocean closest to Guyana
 Atlantic means ―Sea of Atlas‖.
 In the southeast, the Atlantic merges into the Indian Ocean.
Map of the world showing the Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean

 The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world.

 It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west
by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by
the Southern Ocean.
 It is named after India.
 The Indian Ocean is the warmest ocean in the world.

Map of the world showing the Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean

 The Arctic Ocean is the ocean around
the North Pole.
 Thick pack ice and snow cover almost all of
this ocean in winter, and most of it in
summer.
 It is the smallest of the world's 5 oceans.
 Endangered species there include walruses,
whales and polar bear.
Map of the world showing the Southern Ocean

The Southern Ocean

 The Southern Ocean is the ocean around Antarctica.
 This ocean is called the Antarctic Ocean.
 Antarctic sea life includes penguins, blue whales,
orcas, colossal squids, and fur seals.
 Parts of the Southern Ocean are covered in sea ice.
 The Southern Ocean is the second smallest of the five
named oceans.

Seas

 A sea is a large area of salt water which is part of an ocean

 A sea is a large body of water partly or fully enclosed by land.

Examples of seas are:

 Caribbean Sea
 Mediterranean Sea
 Bering Sea
 Black Sea
 Red Sea
 Caspian Sea
 China Sea

Seas which are completely surrounded by land (landlocked)

 Aral Sea
 Caspian Sea
 Dead Sea
 Sea of Galilee (we call this a sea, but
it is really a small freshwater lake)
 Salton Sea
 The Caribbean Sea

 Is a tropical sea in the center

of the Caribbean area.
 Is famous as a tourist
destination.
 This sea is closest to Guyana.

Mediterranean Sea

 Is the largest sea.

 The Mediterranean Sea is the body of water that separates Europe, Africa and Asia.

More about Seas

 The Red sea is located between the continent of Africa and Asia.
 The Black sea is found in the continent of Europe.
 The Bering Sea is located between the continent of Asia and North America.
 The Aral Sea is found in the continent of Asia.
 The Caspian Sea is found in the continent of Europe.
 The Nile River is the largest river in the world, it is found in Africa.
 The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world.
 The Andes Mountain is the largest mountain range.
 The world’s largest lake is Lake Superior – found in North America.
 The Vatican City is the smallest country in the world.
 There are 195 countries in the world.
Lines of Latitude

 Lines of latitude are imaginary lines that run from east to west, parallel to the equator.
 Lines of latitude are also called parallels. Each line of latitude is about 69miles apart and never
meet.
 Latitude lines form circles around the globe.
 They are measured in degrees ranging from 0° to 90°.
 They measure distances north and south of the Equator.
 The Equator is a latitude line that divides the Earth into Northern and Southern hemisphere.
 The five major latitude are:
 Arctic Circle 66.5°N
 Tropic of Cancer 23.5°N
 Equator 0°N or S
 Tropic of Capricorn 23.5°S
 Antarctic Circle 66.5°S
 Lines of Latitude are important as they help to locate places and tell time.
 These lines assist persons that rely on navigation to get from one place to another such as pilots
and sailors.

Diagram showing major lines of latitudes

 Diagram showing the major Lines of Latitude

Lines of Longitude
 Lines of longitude are imaginary lines that run north to south of the equator.
 Lines of longitude are also called meridians.
 These lines are farthest apart at the equator but meet at the north and south poles.
 Longitude lines form half circles around the globe.
 They measure distances east and west of the Equator.
 They are measured in degrees ranging from 0° to 180°.
 The 0° Line of Longitude is called the Prime Meridian or Greenwich Meridian. This line passes
through Greenwich, London.
 The 180° line of longitude is called the International Date Line. This line is used to determine
time zones.
 Lines of Latitude are important as they help to locate places and tell time.
 These lines assist persons that rely on navigation to get from one place to another such as pilots
and sailors.
 Diagram showing Lines of Longitude

 When latitude and longitude lines are used together they provide coordinate.
SUB-TOPIC: Climatic Zones
Climatic Zones

 A climatic zone is an area of the earth where all the countries located there enjoy the same or
similar climate or climatic conditions.
 The earth is divided into different zones by lines of latitudes and longitude.
 Lines of latitude divide the earth into climatic zones.
 The climatic zones help us to understand the relationship between the earth and sun.
 The climatic zones are:
 The Tropical or Torrid  The Temperate Zone  The Polar or Frigid
Zone Zone

Diagram showing the Climatic Zones of the Earth

The Tropical or Torrid Zone.

 The Tropic Zone is located between two latitude lines. The tropic zone is found between the
Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
 The equator is a line of latitude which runs directly in the middle of the tropic zone, dividing it
into two.
 Countries located in the tropical zone get strong sunlight.
 They are hot countries with high temperature; they have bright daylight throughout the year.
 However, rain falls during the year and the amount of rain varies from time to time.
 Some countries located in the tropic zone are:
 Guyana  India
 Islands of the Caribbean  Malaysia
 Suriname  Somali
 Venezuela  Mexico
 The Congo
 Deserts and savannahs are located in the tropic zone.
 A desert is an area where there is hardly any rain and where very little vegetation grows.
 The land is very low and there is little or no vegetation and water. People find it very difficult to
live in hot deserts; people who live in the deserts are called nomads.
 Tropical savannah is the name given large areas of grasslands. There are many areas of tropical
savannahs in our world. They all tend to have similar characteristics.
 The savannahs of Guyana are called the Rupununi Savannahs.
The Temperate Zone

 The temperate zones are the two zones found north and south of the tropical zone.
 They are called North Temperate Zone and South Temperate Zones.
 Countries in the temperate zones are neither very hot nor very cold all the time. They are called
cool lands.
 In the two temperate zones, the sun is never directly overhead, and the temperature is mild,
generally ranging from warm to cool.
 Countries located in the temperate zones experience the four seasons.
 The four seasons are :
 Spring
 Summer  Winter
 Autumn
 People who live in the Temperate Zones wear different clothing types of clothing depending on
the different seasons.
 The North Temperate Zone is found between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle.
 Some countries located in north temperate zones are:
 United States  Mongolia
 Canada  China
 Turkey
 The South Temperate Zone is found between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle.
 Some countries located in the South Temperate Zone are:
 New Zealand  Argentina  South Africa
The Frigid or Polar Zone

 The polar zones are located at the very north and very south of the globe- the two pole ends of
the earth.
 Countries located in the polar or frigid zones are called cold lands.
 The north polar zone is called the Arctic and is located at the north pole.
 The South Polar zone is the continent of Antarctica and is located at the South Pole.
 The lands to the North and South of the globe are so cold that trees cannot grow. However,
during the summer mosses, bushes and hedges grow.
The North Polar Zone

 The north polar zone is located in the Arctic Circle

 The people of the Arctic are called Eskimos. Although the lands of the Arctic are covered with
snow most of the year, Eskimos are able to live there.
 It is very cold in the Arctic Region, but in June, July, and August, it is not cold. These months are
called summer. This is the time of the year when Eskimos live in tent and do a lot of fishing and
hunting.
 From October to June or July, the sea remains frozen. During this time the Eskimos leave their
tents and go back to their winter homes; the winter homes are called igloos.
 Eskimos wear clothing that protect them from the winter in the Arctic.
 The diet of the Eskimos consists of berries, seals, fishes, walruses, whales etc. They also consume
tinned foods.

The South Polar Zone

 The south polar zone is located in the Antarctica Circle.

 There is no permanent habitation in the south polar zone. Only teams of scientists doing
research can be found there.
 The south polar zone is the world’s highest, driest, coldest, windiest, and iciest place of earth.
 Some animals that inhabit the south polar zone are whales, seals and penguins.
SUB-TOPIC: Climatic Zones – Similarities and Differences

Earth’s Movements – Rotation and Revolution

 The earth is constantly in motion.
 Earth has two movements – Rotation and Revolution.

Rotation
 Earth spins (rotates) on an imaginary line drawn through the poles (north to south).
 This imaginary line is called an axis.

 The spinning of the earth on its axis once every 24 hours (1 day) is called Rotation.
 Rotation causes day and night.
 Earth rotates in a counter (anti) clockwise direction from west to east.

 As the earth rotates, the half of the earth facing the sun will receive sunlight (day) while the other
half will not receive sunlight (night)
Revolution

 Earth’s second movement is called Revolution.

 Revolution is the orbiting (revolving) of the earth around the sun.
 The path which the earth takes around the sun is called its orbit.
 Revolution takes one year (365 ¼ days and 366 days every four years).
 Revolution also causes seasons.

Earth’s Revolution
 Earth rotates and revolves at the same time.

Earth’s Rotation and Revolution

TOPIC: Caricom

SUB TOPIC: Definition

Objective

Structure
 Caricom is an acronym meaning Caribbean Community and Common Market.
 Caricom has four main objectives:
 economic integration
 foreign policy coordination
 human and social development
 security
 Structure of Caricom

 Caricom consists of several councils and committees.

 The committees and councils work together to ensure the objectives of Caricom are achieved.
 The highest decision making forum of Caricom is the Heads of Government Conference.
 This Conference is presided by a Chairman who is the head of a Caricom member state. The
Chairmanship rotates among heads of member states.
 There is also a Caricom Secretariat which oversee the day – to – day management of the
organisation.
 The secretariat is head by a Secretary General.
 The secretariat of Caricom is located at Liliendaal, Georgetown, Guyana.
Organizational Structure of Caricom
SUB-TOPIC: Development

Founder Members

Member States
 CARICOM was established after CARIFTA came to an end in 1973.
 The Caribbean Community /Caricom was established on July 04, 1973 with the signing of the
Treaty of Chaguaramas.
 However, The CARICOM movement came into effect on August 01, 1973.
 The treaty was signed by the Heads of Government of: -
 Barbados - Errol Barrow
 Guyana- Linden Forbes Burnham
 Jamaica – Michael Manley
 Trinidad & Tobago – Eric Williams
 These four countries are the founding members of Caricom.
 Subsequently, eight other territories joined CARICOM. The Bahamas became the 13th member
state on July 04, 1983 and Suriname 14th member in July 1995. In July 1997, Haiti was welcomed
into the community.
 The CARICOM Secretariat is located in Georgetown, Guyana and is organized Trade and
Agriculture, Economics and Industry, Functional Co-operation, Legal Division, General Services
and Administration.
 A revised Treaty of Chaguaramas establishing the Caribbean Community including the
CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) was signed by Heads of Government on 5th
July 2001.
 The revised Treaty includes the establishment and implementation of the Caribbean Court of
Justice (CCJ ).

West Indian CARIFTA CARICOM

Federation

• Jan,1958- • 1968 - 1973 • 1973 - Present

May,1962
 Diagram above shows the development that lead to the establishment of CARICOM.

 The member states of CARICOM are: -

 Antigua and Barbuda  Jamaica
 The Bahamas  Montserrat
 Barbados  St. Kitts and Nevis
 Belize  St. Lucia
 Dominica  St. Vincent and the Grenadines
 Grenada  Suriname
 Guyana  Trinidad and Tobago
 Haiti
 Associate member states of CARICOM: -
 Anguilla  The Cayman Islands
 Bermuda  Turks and Caicos
 The British Virgin Islands
Note
 All of the associate member states are British Overseas Territories.
SUB-TOPIC: Country Profile

Communication in CARICOM

The role of communication in CARICOM

Communication in CARICOM

Flags of Member States of Caricom

Map of showing Caricom Member States
 Heads of states of CARICOM

Antigua and Barbuda: Gaston

Bahamas: Hubert Minnis Haiti: Jovenel Moïse
Browne

Barbados: Mia Mottley Belize: Dean Barrow Guyana: Mohamed Irfaan Ali

Dominica: Roosevelt Skerrit Grenada: Keith Mitchell Saint Kitts and Nevis: Timothy
Harris
 Montserrat : Joseph Easton Saint Lucia: Allen Michael
Jamaica: Andrew Holness
Taylor Farrell Chastanet

Saint Vincent and the

Trinidad and Tobago: Keith Rowley
Grenadines: Suriname: Chan Santokhi
Ralph Gonsalves
 Caricom Country Profile

Caricom National Political

Capital Airport Imports Exports
Countries Festival Status
Antigua & Vere Bird Summer Foodstuff, machinery Cotton, Rum, Independent /
St. John’s
Barbuda international Carnival Transport equipment Tourism Nov 1, 1981
Crayfish,
Tourism,
Machinery Cucumber,
The Nassau International Independent / July
Nassau Junkanoo Clothing Tomatoes,
Bahamas Freeport 10, 1973
Fresh meat Coconuts,
Sponges,
Lumber
Foodstuff Sugar, Clothing,
Grantley Adams Fuels Electrical Independent /
Barbados Bridgetown Crop Over
International Lubricants building Equipment, Nov 30, 1966
materials textiles Rum, Molasses
Sugar, Molasses,
Vehicles textiles
Clothing,
Machinery
Phillip Goldson Mahogany, Independent /
Belize Belmopan Garifuna Building materials
International Citrus Fruits, Sept 21, 1981
petroleum
Fish, Shrimp,
foodstuff
Lobster
Coconuts and
Foodstuff Coconuts
Melville Hall Manu-factured Products, Citrus Independent /
Dominica Roseau Domfesta
Canefield Goods, machinery Fruits and Citrus Nov 3, 1978
and equip-ment Fruit Products,
Bananas
Beverages Nutmeg and
Point salines Independent / Feb
Grenada St. George Carnival Tobacco Species, Cocoa,
International 7, 1974
Fuel equipment Bananas, Mace
Fuel lubricants Bauxite, Republic / Feb 23,
Cheddi Jagan Machinery Alumina, Sugar, 1970
Guyana Georgetown Mashramani
International Airport Transport Rice, Timber, Independent /
Equipment Citrus Fruits, May 26, 1966
 Caricom National Political
Capital Airport Imports Exports
Countries Festival Status
Manufactured goods Gold,
fertiliser Diamonds,
Shrimp, Prawns
Foodstuff Independent /
Coffee, Sugar,
Haiti Port – au – Prince Port – au- Prince Carnival Manu-factured goods Dec 31, 1804
Rice, Bananas
fuel (Republic)
Alumina,
Bauxite, Sugar,
Norman Manley Fuel machinery
Rum, Molasses,
International Jamaica Transport equipment Independent /
Jamaica Kingston Bananas, Citrus
DonaldSangster Festival Electrical equipment Aug 6, 1962
Fruits and Citrus
International fertilizer
Fruit Products,
Cement
Food Hot Peppers,
Blackbourne Airfield Christmas Colony of Great
Montserrat Plymouth Machinery Tomatoes,
Gerald Heliport Festival Britain
Transport equipment Cotton, Limes
Manufactured goods
Saint Kitts & Robert Bradshaw December machinery transport Beer, Ale, Independent /
Basseterre
Nevis International Carnival equipment mineral Cotton, Lobster Sept 19, 1983
fuels lubricants
Beverages Bananas,
Foodstuff Unrefined and
Hewanorra Tobacco Refined Cotton
Flower
International Fuels Oil, Cardboard Independent / Feb
Saint Lucia Castries Festival La
Vieux Forte George Manufactured goods Boxes, Fruits, 22, 1979
Rose
Charles International Machinery Vegetables,
And transport Coconut Meal,
equipment Cocoa
Foodstuff
Ebenezer Joshua Banana,
St. Vincent & Beverages Independent / Oct
Kingstown James Mitchell Carnival Arrowroot,
Grenadine Machinery 27, 1979
International Sweet Potatoes
Transport equipment
Suriname Paramaribo Johann Adolph Carnival machinery Minerals E.G. Independent /
 Caricom National Political
Capital Airport Imports Exports
Countries Festival Status
Pengel International Bauxite, Gold, Nov 25, 1975
Petroleum, (Republic)
Kaolin; Rice,
Oilpalm,
Bananas;
Fisheries E.G.
Prawns
Cocoa, Crude
Machinery Petroleum,
Piarco International
Trinidad & Fabricated metals Petroleum Independent /
Port – of – Spain Crown Point Carnival
Tobago transport equipment Products, Aug 31, 1962
International
manufactured goods Ammonia,
Methanol
CARICOM Member States Currency

Countries Currency Countries Currency

Antigua and Barbuda East Caribbean Dollar Guyana Guyanese dollar
The Bahamas Bahaman Dollar Jamaica Jamaican dollar
Belize Belize Dollars Montserrat East Caribbean Dollar
Dominica East Caribbean Dollar St. Kitts and Nevis East Caribbean Dollar
Grenada East Caribbean Dollar St.Lucia East Caribbean Dollar
Countries Currencies Countries Currencies
St. Vincent East Caribbean Dollar Haiti Haitian Gourde
Suriname Suriname Dollar Barbados Barbados Dollar
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago
Dollar

The role of communication in CARICOM

 Communication is vital to the success of the Caribbean Community.
 It is through the sharing of information that member states can:
 Learn of employment opportunities
 Discuss ways of cooperating
 Learn of issues affecting member states
 Share successes of member states.
 Caricom member states have to be in constant contact with each other if they are to achieve the
objectives of this organisation.
 Some organisation of communication within Caricom are:
 Caribbean News Agency (CANA) - Barbados
 National Communication Network (NCN) – Guyana
 News Talk 93.7 Jamaica
 Trinidad Express
TOPIC: The Family

SUB-TOPIC: Ethnic Groups

The people of Guyana (The Ethnic Groups)

 Guyana is a multi – ethnic society.

 Multi – ethnic means it is made up of people from different ethnic groups.
 There are six ethnic groups living in Guyana.
 The order in which the ethnic group came to Guyana are:
1. Amerindians
2. Europeans
3. Africans
4. Portuguese
5. East Indians
6. Chinese

Group Continent they How they came Why they came How they lived
came from

Amerindians Asia They crossed the - in search of -making fire and

From: Mongolia Bering Strait. warmer lands weapons of bone.
The first group to
settled in Four main Tribes Body of water - to find new - hunt and trap
Guyana. which entered that was frozen at grazing ground animals for food.
Guyana. the time. for cattle
- cultivated land
-Arawaks -while hunting and produce
-Caribs they followed the food. e.g. yams,
- Warraus animals. cassava.
-Wapishanas

Group Continent they How they came Why they came Why the
came from Europeans settled
in Guyana?
Europeans Europe By ships -- in search of -to provide a base
-Pinta gold, for the from which they
The second - Nina golden city of El could operate in
group to settle in From: Spain -- Santa Marie Dorado. their search for
Guyana. Holland gold.
England -- searching for
France new land for their -to trade with the
country. Amerindians
 ( Barter)
Europeans traded
with Amerindians
e.g. knives, axes
Amerindians
traded with
Europeans e.g.
hemp, Annatto
dye, butter, and
cheese.

-to cultivate the

soil

Group Continent they How they came Why they came How did the
came from Europeans obtain
the slaves?
The Africans Africa They came by They came to -capturing them
ships work on the sugar and lure them
plantations as into ships
-From the: slaves.
The Africans Congo -captured through
were the third Cameroon A slave is tribal wars
group who came Gambia someone who
to Guyana. West coast of works awfully -by raiding parties
Africa hard without
being paid for his The journey or
or her labour. route taken by
the Africans to
The system come to Guyana
under which the and the
Africans lived, Caribbean is
and work were called the Middle
called slavery. Passage.
Life on the
plantation

-they worked long Difficulties of the

hours from 6am - Middle passage
6pm. 1.men chained
-first meal was with iron shackles
given at midday around ankles.
-they were beaten 2.women and
or flogged with a children packed
whip below deck.
-some slaves were 3.Africans died of
branded with hot diseases.
iron, hung on 4.food shortages
wheels and have 5.hunger,others
 parts of their killed themselves.
bodies chopped
off.

Group Continent they How they came Why they came Indentured ship
came from
Portuguese Europe By ships 1.to replace the the Portuguese
-Louisa Baillie Africans on the worked on the
sugar plantation plantation under
1st batch- 3rd May 2.to increase the the system called
The fourth group 1838. white population indentured ship
of people who From Madeira
came to Guyana -the first group of
indentured
immigrants to
arrive in Guyana

Group Continent they How they came Why they came Indentured ship
came from

East Indians Asia By ships To work on the -They had to

sugar plantation worked for a
as planters period of five
indentured years.
The fifth ethnic From- India -The Whitby labourers. -only men were
group to arrive in Calcutta - The Hesperus indentured
Guyana. -after working for
1st batch- arrived 5 years they were
on 5th of May free to return to
1838 India,

Today this day,

May 5th is
observed as
Arrival Day.
Life on the -Unlike the
plantation Africans East
Indians received
-worked long clothing, rations,
hours (6am- medical
6pm) attendance and
-were treated medicines and
badly wages for their
 -received labour.
extremely low
wages for their
labour
-were given daily
allowance of rice,
dhal, ghee or oil
etc.

Group Continent they How they came Why they came Indentured ship
came from

Chinese China By ships To work on the -they were able to

-Lord Elgin plantation as send letters and
-The Glantanner indentured money twice
-Samuel immigrants. every month.
Boddington -they would also
be at liberty to
end their contract
at any time.
-received two
months wages in
advance.
Cotton clothes,
two pairs of
stockings, two
pairs of shoes
they received.

Groups Their Their beliefs Their culture Their dress Any other
foods contributions
Amerindians Pepper -The Place great Cotton clothes They name places:
pot Patamonas- influence in the with beads. -Guiana (land of many
Casareep Mokanaima Piaiman or waters.
Cassava -Old Kaie Shaman who -many rivers(Cuyuni)
The head of bread -Pujaikma has the ability Beaded arm -Bartica-Red earth
an Farine -Kanaima to counteract all bands -Mabaruma
Amerindian Tasso, -Hebu injuries by
settlement is Piwari Kanaima. . Amerindian word-
called a and Mashramani
captain or Casiri
Touchaus.
Europeans Pastries The largest The culture of Some places name:
Puddings religion in Europe is -Dutch-Stabroek
Pies Europe is rooted in the -French-La Belle
Christianity, art, architecture English-- Bourda
, film, different
types of music,
economic, litera
ture, and
philosophy
Africans Their Their beliefs Their culture Their dress Other conttributions
Food
Music- Dashikis, wraps -crafts- weaving mats
Metagee, Maracus, head ties and baskets
cook-up rattles -carvings
rice -Obeah -making pots and jars
Yam, -Voodoo from clay mud
plantain _Ole’ Higue
foo-foo -Baccoo Cumfa,
Conkie -Shango Masquerade,
Queh-Queh,
Sware,Flutes.
Portuguese Garlic In the Holy Musical Business
pork Spirit of instruments -Banks DIH Ltd.
Beef stew Pentecost -Rajas -John Fernandes
Red bean -St. John the -Braggs
soup Baptist -
Pancakes -St. Peter
Cabbage -St. Anthony
and
pumpkin
soup
East Indians Dhal and Dance- Festivals- Eid- Sari, shalwars
rice kathack Ul-Fitr Kurtas
Roti and Nagara Youman Nabi -jewelry -
curry Odissi Phagwah bracelets,
Dhalpuri Diwali bangles
Sweet brooches
meats e.g.
mithai
Chinese
Fried rice Dance- -Chinese New Tunics Musical -Cymbals
Wanton Dragon Year Cheongsams Drums
soup Dance Sarongs -sports- acrobatics
Chop Craft- embroidery
Suey
Sweet
and Sour
relishes
Chow
 Mein

How they cooperated

 Pooled their savings from wages and bought abandoned plantations.

 Set up villages on these lands
 Worked hard co-operatively, to make their villages successful
 The Box- was a form of co-operation practiced by the slaves.( pooling of money)this is still
practiced among Guyanese today.
 Lend a hand: Give a hand: Give a day. They also pooled their labour whenever they had large
jobs to do:
-preparing land for planting
-harvesting their crops
-building their homes
This labour was repaid when he/she went to work for one day.
 The first Co-operative in Guyana started after slavery was abolished in 1838.
 Other Co-operative societies in Guyana are:
-Consumers Co-operatives
-- Fishing Co-operatives
-- Housing Co-operatives
-- Agricultural Co-operatives and Thrift Co-operatives
TOPIC: Rules and Resposibilities

SUB-TOPIC: Politeness
 Rules are guidelines for appropriate behavior.
 Rules are important because they guide us. They also help to control the behaviours of
individuals.
 Without rules, there would be confusion among people. People would not respect the rights of
others. A society without rules can lead to discrimination and even cause harm to individuals.
 Rules can be formal or informal, written or unwritten.
 Laws are written rules.
 All organisations and groups have rules.
 Some examples of rules are courtesy rules, traffic rules, health rules etc.

Some Courtesy Rules

TOPIC: Our Community

SUB-TOPIC: Population Census

What is a population?

 Population refers to the number of persons who are living in a particular country or
community.

How a population is determined?

 The population of a country can be taken by conducting a census.

What is a census?

 A census is a count of the population.

 A census is taken every ten (10) years.
 Persons who carry out the census are called enumerators.
 Guyana’s last census was taken in the year 2012.
 Guyana’s next census will be taken in 2022.

A census provides the following information

 The number of
The number of The number of
The number of foreign persons who
people who were people who
people who died have settled in the
born migrated overseas
country

The number of
The number of The number of
people in a The number of
people in the people in different
particular Males and Females
country age group
community

The number of Other types of

employed people, information, your
unemployed people, salary, occupation
retired people etc. and qualification

Examples of some population terms are:

Natural Increase

 The increase of birth over the number of deaths, this is when the birth rate exceeds the death
rate.

Birth Rate

 The number of babies born per thousands of persons of the population.

Death Rate

 The number of deaths per thousand of the population.

Migration

 The permanent movement of persons and animals from one place to another to take up
residence. For example:
---- people leave Guyana to (live) in the Caribbean
---- Birds leave winter in England to spend time in Guyana
Immigrants

 People who have entered a country to take up residence, for example, the Chinese from China
came to live in Guyana

Sparse Population

 A small population ( few people live there}

Dense Population

 A large population ( many people live there )

Emigrant

 People who have departed from their home country to take up residence in another country, for
example: People leaving Guyana to live in Canada.

Internal Migration

 People move from one community to another in a country, for example: People leave
Georgetown to take up residence in Corentyne.

External Migration

 When people leave their home country to live in another country.

Population on the move

 When the number of people who come in a country and who travelled out of the country.

Population Distribution

 Refers to where people live and the number of people who lived there.

Some reasons why people migrate to countries such as: Canada, England, the Caribbean and USA.

 To find a better paid job

 For health reasons
 To further their studies
 lack of safety
 .high crime.
 To offer more opportunities to children
 Family reunification
Some effects on migration on a country are:

 Brain drain
 Increase in criminal activities
 Stealing
 Hindrance of progress and development of the country

Distribution of Guyana’s population

 Guyana has a population of approximately 750 000.

 Region 4 – Demerara Mahaica is Guyana’s most populated administrative region.
 Guyana’s second largest populated region is region 6—East Berbice - Corentyne.
 Guyana’s second least (smallest) populated administrative region is region 8, Potaro – Siparuni.

Why is Demerara Mahaica the largest populated region?

 Most of Guyana’s manufacturing industries are located there.

 The capital city, Georgetown, is located there.
 More jobs are found there.
 Better educational and health facilities can be found there.
 Many businesses are located there.
 The seat of Government is located there
TOPIC: Our Community

SUB-TOPIC: Natural Regions

 A natural region is an area where the built of the land, climate, soil type and vegetation are the
same.
 Guyana has four natural regions:
 The Low Coastal Plain
 The Hilly, Sand and Clay Region
 The Highland Region
 The Interior Savannahs

 The most densely populated Natural Region is the Low Coastal Plain.

 The capital of Guyana and the seat of Government is located on the Low Coastal Plain.
 The largest natural region is the Highland Region
 Natural Region Built of Soil Vegetation Crops Climate
Land
The Low Coastal Plain flat plains silty courida fruits 2 wet and 2
loam mangrove vegetables dry seasons
pegasse shrubs rice
grass sugar
coconuts
The Hilly, Sand and hills and white sand tall trees pineapples hot days and
Clay Region valleys brown sand cold nights
red sand
clay
The Highland Region mountains mostly tall trees balata rainfall all
rocks year round
hot, wet
climate
The Interior Savannah rolling clay grass cassava 6 months
grasslands rocks palm trees yam rainfall
and hills maize 6 months
tobacco sunshine
 Natural Region Towns Important Main Resources
places economic
activities
The Low Coastal Georgetown Ituribisci Lake manufacturing livestock
Plain
Anna Regina Lake Capoey farming of agriculture
cash crops
New Amsterdam Tapakuma manufactured
Irrigation rice and sugar- products
Rosehall Project cane
cultivation
Corriverton
The Hilly, Sand and Linden Bartica bauxite mining bauxite
Clay Region
Bartica Linden logging timber

Ituni stone dairy products

quarrying
Kwakwani
agricultural
Cheddi Jagan activities
International
Airport
The Highland Region Mahdia Mount Roraima gold and timber
diamond
Mabaruma Kaieteur Falls mining gold

Mazaruni – diamond
Potaro Area

Kanuku
Mountain Range
Kanuku
Mountain Range

The Interior Lethem Lethem cattle ranching cattle

Savannah
Dadanawa farming peanuts
Ranch
ground provision
St. Ignatius
SUB-TOPIC: Administrative Regions
 Guyana was divided into Administrative Region in 1980.
 The 10 Administrative Regions are:
 Region 1 – Barima – Waini
 Region 2 – Pomeroon – Supenaam
 Region 3 – Essequibo Islands – West Demerara
 Region 4 – Demerara – Mahaica
 Region 5 – Mahaica – Berbice
 Region 6 – East Berbice – Corentyne
 Region 7 – Cuyuni – Mazaruni
 Region 8 – Potaro – Siparuni
 Region 9 – Upper Takutu – Upper Essequibo
 Region 10 – Upper Demerara – Berbice
 Map of Guyana showing the Administrative Regions
 The name of each region tells its boundaries.
 The boundaries of each region was determined by:
 population
 physical size
 geography
 economic resources
 This division of regions was to aid in the governance of the country.

 Each Administrative Region is controlled by a Regional Democratic Council (RDC), headed by a

Regional Chairman.

 The Regional Democratic Council is responsible for the overall management and administration
of the Region.
 The Councillors are elected at the same time as the members of the National Assembly at
Regional Elections which are held every five (5) years.

Region Town Regional Centre Economic Activities

Barima - Waini Mabaruma Mabaruma logging
gold and diamond mining
growing of ground provision

Pomeroon - Supenaam Anna Regina Anna Regina rice cultivation

logging

Essequibo Islands – - Vreed – en -

West Demerara Hoop rice cultivation
sugar production

Demerara - Mahaica Georgetown Truimph sugar production

rice cultivation
farming
manufacturing

Mahaica - Berbice - Fort Wellington sugar production

rice cultivation
coconut planting
cattle ranching

East Berbice - New Amsterdam New Amsterdam sugar production

Corentyne Rosehall rice cultivation
Corriverton
Cuyuni - Mazaruni Bartica Bartica gold mining
diamond mining
semi - precious metal mining
charcoal production

Potaro - Siparuni Mahdia Mahdia gold mining

diamond mining
Upper Takutu – Lethem Lethem cattle ranching
Upper Essequibo peanut farming
tobacco cultivation
mining of semi-precious
minerals
Demerara - Berbice Linden Linden bauxite mining
logging
cash crop farming