Calculate the CT primary currents: Ty pr qa) = 14-1 A * 10° * CTR Ty prio) = 14-1 A * 10° * 80 Ty pr totay= 1.128 Ty pr (eat) = 2.8 A * 10-3 * CTR Ty pricea) = 2-8 A * 10-3 * 80 0.2240 In pn rsa The currents and voltages at the grounding transformer primary: Ty pn cota) =1-128 A / NGT ratio Iw pn (tot =1.128 A / 83.33 I pri tot =0.013536 A Ty pr geal) = 0.0224 A / NGT ratio In prea) = 0.0224 A / 83,33 Ty pr eat) = 0.002688 A Vupr = V see * NGT ratio Vupe = V see * NGT ratio Vuge = 25V 3 harmonic voltage measured at relay = 0.75 V V sec * NGT ratio 0.75 V * 83.33 Assuming a zero sequence unbalance of 0.1% of the nominal at 60 Hz V outunstance = % unpatnce / 100 * V ct rates / V3 0.1% / 100) * (20,000 V/ 1.73) 1.5 V pi unbatance V prt undalance V pr unbatance / NGT ratio 11.5 V/ 83.33 0.14 Vv V sec unbalance V sec unbance V see unbolance Assuming V/Hz is kept constant in LCI or back-to-back generator start. The voltage at 20 Hz frequency is 20 Hz voltage during the start. Assuming ipu V/Hz 120/60 = 2 = Ipu Frequency divisor: 60 Hz / 20 Hz = 3. Voltage divisor is 3 V sec unbalance (20 He) = V sec uratence (6042) / 3 14.V/3 = 0.0466 V V sec unbalance (20 Ha) 20 Hz current flowing through NGR: NGR 129 H2 = V sec unsalance ao.) * NGR NGR {20 Hz = 0.0466 / 0.2 = 0,223 ARelay measured 20 Hz current: T aosereay = NGR 129 Hz * CTR 223 A/ 80 (0029 A = 2.9 mA T zoxznatay T 20H Relay Using pickup values are 20 mA total and 6 mA real, the element remains secure. DS Tom curen Pick] BE BO dP poe ota feeble © Bisbee ‘Rest Component Cutten ee Beaded 2] Bodo) TS Disable’ #-Sreable Tame Delay: ia Ae D ayenteveies) Note the margins: © Total current calculated: 2.9 mA © Total current setting: 20 mA © Margin: 17.1 mA © Total current calculated: 2,9 mA + Real current setting: 6.0 mA © Margin: 3.1 mA 7 Hz vol it the generator terminal: a created in the neutral harmonic (20 Hz In this case, we are assuming the generator under study is being started with a drive, LCI ‘or back to back hydro start, The generator is acting like a motor and the unbalance is originating from the source Using typical values from a generator operating under full load, 3" harmonic can be expected to be approximately 5X no load value. 3 V eo nencr aa = 5 * (No load 3 harmonic) * NGT ratio 3 V conencr oi = 5 * 0.75 V* 83.33 3° V couenor ot = 312.498 V The frequency during the start is reduced to 6.67 Hz (3 * 6.67 Hz= 20 Hz). Assuming the V/Hz is kept as constant, the 3 harmonic voltage is reduced. 3°V aouznar ot = 6.67 Hz / 60 Hz * 312.498 V (without reduction in capacitance) 3 V 2onenor eet = 34.74 V (without reduction in capacitance) Since the frequency is 20 Hz and not 180 Hz, there is a further reduction in 3" harmonic current due to the capacitance at 1/9th of the 60 Hz value. (180/20=9) The model is complex and the relationship is not straightforward, so we assume a reduction of 1/Sth instead of 1/9th BV aoue nor on 34.74V/5=6.9V Voltage at NGT secondary: NGT V sec = 3° V 2ouzxcr pi/ NGT ratio NGT V sec = 6.9 V/ 83.33 = 0.0828 VCurrent through NGR: NGR 120 Hz = NGT V sec / NGR NGR 120 #2 = 0.0828 / 0.2 = 0.414 A Relay measured 20 Hz current: T aoveeey = NGR 1 29 uz * CTR 414 A/ 80 (005175 A= 5.175 mA T zos natay T aoe Relay Note the margins: © Total current calculated: 5.175 mA * Total current setting: 20 mA © Margin: 14.825 mA = Total current calculated: 5.175 mA Real current setting: 6.0 mA Margin: 0.825 mA Below is an oscillograph from a CGT during static start at 6.67 Hz. Note the VN is zero (the waveform seen under VN is noise) fencing psn egy pe By in-situ observation of the quiescent (non-faulted) real and total currents, and also ‘observing the total current with a fault placed on the neutral during commissioning (on a deenergized and isolated generator), proper values can be selected with adequate margin to effect a coordinated protection scheme that is dependable, sensitive and secure.