MITS5003

Wireless Networks and Communication

Final Assessment

November 2020
MITS5003-Wireless Networks and Communication

Final Assessment - 50% (Recommended Time: 1.5 hours)

The final assessment questions ensures that all the learning outcomes of the unit are met.

Instructions

Submit your answers in the word file, with your student ID and name. Ensure you upload your
file in the given time, once the time is over LMS will not accept any submissions.

ENTER YOUR NAME AND ID BELOW

Student ID. 46470 Name sankirth kulkarni

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MITS5003-Wireless Networks and Communication

Attempt all the Questions:

Question 1 2 Marks
Differentiate between Analog signal and digital signal. Give an example for each.

ANSWER : Discriminate among analog signal and digital signal with suitable example

ANALOG SIGNAL DIGITAL SIGNAL

It is a continuous signal wave and periodically It is discrete signal wave type that conveys

changed over a period of time. It is represented information in 0s and 1s (binary form and it is

in the form of sine waveform represented in the form of square waveform

Example: Example for this analog signal is human Example: Real time example for this digital signal
voice
is transmission in a particular computer function.

Question 2 2 Marks
Describe the following terms
· Periodic signals
· Aperiodic signals

ANSWER :

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MITS5003-Wireless Networks and Communication
Periodic signals – This signal is considered to be periodic signal or deterministic signal. It repeats and
gives certain sequence of values exactly after the some defined length of time period which is termed as
periodic or periodic signal. It is represented with the help of mathematical equation.

Aperiodic signals – Aperiodic signal is also called as non- periodic signal or random signals. It does not
give or repeat certain values after the specific interval of time period is called as aperiodic. It cannot be
solved and determined by mathematical equation.

Question 3 2 Marks
Explain the difference between Time Division Multiplexing and Frequency Division Multiplexing

ANSWER
Time Division Multiplexing TDM
It is a multiplexing technique that allows flow of
several signal data over a transmission link in
various time domains.
It supports both analog as well as digital signal
It is more efficient
Frequency Division Multiplexing FDM
It is also a multiplexing technique that permits
transmission of several signals by using different
slot of frequency over a communication link.
It only supports both analog signal
It is less efficient compare to TDM

Question 4 2 Marks
Illustrate in detail about five layers of TCP/IP model. Briefly explain about the operation at each
layer.

ANSWER :
The TCP/IP model is having layers to do data transmission or communication operation that is
application, transport, network, data link, and physical layer.

Application layer is top most layer and responsible for handling issues, high level protocols and
representation. The transport layer is responsible for flow control, data correction, reliability of data
sent over the network. The network layer is combination of physical and data link layer and it defined
the way of data sent physical over network. The data link layer organize the data into a bit stream such

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MITS5003-Wireless Networks and Communication
as frame and delivers the adjacent system. Finally the physical layer is carry the bit stream into other
system over physical medium.

Question 5 3 Marks
Compute the channel capacity ‘C’ for the spectrum of a channel between 6MHz and 7MHz, M-

=16.

ANSWER

Compute the channel capacity for channel between 6 MHz and 7MHz, M = 16,

Bandwidth is (7 - 6) MHz, so

B = 1 MHz changed from MHz to Hz

So B = 1 * 10 6 Hz

Channel capacity, C = 2 B. log2 (M)

C = 2* 1 * 10 6 log2 (16)

C = 2*10 6 log10 (16) / log10 (2)

C = 2*10 6 1.204/ 0.3010

C = 2*10 6 * 4

C = 8*10 6 bits /sec

C = * M bits /sec

Finally C = 8 M bits/sec

3 Marks
Estimate the free space loss between mobile and base station which uses 1.9GHz at distance of

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MITS5003-Wireless Networks and Communication
1.5 km and assume isotropic antennas. (n=2). Assume Isotropic antennas.
ANSWER :
Need to calculate the free space loss between the mobile and base station, it having 1.9 GHz and
distance is 1.5 Km.

This antenna is isotropic antenna and n = 2 so

Frequency F = 1.9 GHz

Distance d = 1.5 km

N=2

Formula for free space path loss is

FPL = 20 log (f) + 10 log (d) - 14.56 dB

FPL = 20 log (1.9) + 10 log (1.5) - 14.56 dB

Free space path loss - FPL = - 138.463 dB

Question 7 3 Marks
Investigate and calculate the traffic intensity in which the average holding time per successful
call is 294/97, and the mean rate of calls per time is 97/60.
ANSWER :
Given call arrival time =294/97
Given mean time =97/60
Traffic density =call arrival time* mean time
E=294/97*97/60
E=4.9

Question 8 3 Marks
i) Spectrum of a channel between 5 MHz and 7 MHz and SNR in dB is 30 dB. What is

the capacity of this channel? (2 Marks)

ANSWER

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MITS5003-Wireless Networks and Communication
Given that B=7mhz-5mhz

That is b=2mhz

SNR=30db

FORMULA IS

C=blog2(1+SNR)db

C=2log2(1+30)

C=30.60

ii) How many signaling levels are required to transmit data at this capacity?

(1 Mark)

ANSWER :

Question 9 3 Marks
Compare and contrast circuit switching and packet switching. Mention the advantages and

disadvantages of both switching methods

CIRCUIT SWITCHING PACKET SWITCHING

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MITS5003-Wireless Networks and Communication
It is used for telephone communication so Here we don’t need to establish the channel

that communication will begin

It provides a physical layer between source The channel is will be there for users for

and destination entire data network

Channels in the circuit switching is reserved Long messages can be braked into smaller

for all time ones

Circuit is depend on call setup delay Packet switching is on packet transmission

delay

It uses fixed bandwidth It uses dynamic bandwidth

ADVANTAGES OF CIRCUIT SWITCHING

1)The biggest advantage of circuit switching is it helps in decreasing the delay while using the

call

2)consistency is maintained while using circuit switching

DISADVANTAGES OF CIRCUIT SWITCHING

1) It is very expensive

2) Voice while calling is not clear while using this one

ADVANTAGES OF PACKET SWITCHING

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MITS5003-Wireless Networks and Communication
1)The main advantage of packet switching is it maintains efficiency

2) It is very reliable because it helps in data loose

DISADVANTAGES OF PACKET SWITCHING

1)The biggest disadvantage is that it will not use for applications which uses minimal latency

2)If there is more traffic then packets are dropped in transit

Question 10 3 Marks
Briefly describe the handoff procedure. Mention the two types of handoff in cellular networks.

ANSWER

In cellular communication handoff strategy is a process of transferring ongoing call from one base
station to other base station or mobile is handed over from one to other access points. Soft handoff,
hard handoff, forced, mobile assisted, intersystem, inter cell, Intra cell, and delayed are some types of
handoffs.

 The hard handoff is a breaking of connectivity while switching from one base station to other, so
it adopt the break before make policy.
 The soft handoff is a link is kept and radio signal are added or removed from base station
handling make before break policy.

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MITS5003-Wireless Networks and Communication

Question 11 7 Marks
In figure- 1 IEEE 802.11 medium access control logic is shown, explain this algorithm in your

words.

ANSWER

The medium access control logic is shown in this figure in an algorithmic format. This algorithm having
set of operation with arrow mark to indicate the next operation. Yes and no action with arrow is indicate
this operation clearly for better understanding. Waiting for frame to transmit is initial action and moved
to validation action for medium idle is yes or no. The frame is medium idle than wait of IFS and still idle
than only frame is transmitted. In case the frame is not idle than wait until current transmission is
ending and again wait for idle. The idle frame id allowed to exponential back off and perform
transmission operation. Frame is not idle and wait until the current transmission is ending.

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MITS5003-Wireless Networks and Communication

Figure 1 – Medium Access Control Protocol working logic

Question 11 7 Marks

Describe in detail the steps involved in an MTSO controlled call between mobile users in the
cellular wireless networks.
ANSWER :
Sequence of steps associated in MTSO controlled call among mobile user

MTSO or mobile telecommunication switching office will be used to connect the call between user’s
mobile units.

Step 1: Mobile unit initialization

In this step, the mobile unit will search, scan and select the powerful and strongest setup (control
channel) used in the system.

Step 2: Mobile - originated call

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MITS5003-Wireless Networks and Communication
In this step, the unit is originating a particular call by transmitting the mobile identification number. The
mobile unit receiver will check if the forwarded channel is idle or not. Base station sends request to
MTSO.

Step 3: Paging

MTSO supports to accomplish entire connection and sends paging message to specific base stations
based on the mobile number.

Step 4: Call accepted

The unit recognizes its mobile number on the specific channel that is being monitored and responds to
mobile telecommunication switching office.

Step 5: Ongoing call

After the successful connection, the voice or any other data will be transmitted between 2 mobile
stations through MTSO and BS.

Step 6: Handoff

It is possible to move forward from one call to another call without modification and altering or
interrupting user.

It also includes addition function such as call blocking, termination, drop and call to or from remote or
fixed subscriber.

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