« SR.

CHEMISTRY 1
BABY BULLET-Q «

1. SOLID STATE
IMPORTANT POINTS
1. Solids have definite mass, volume and 5. Coordination number of an atom is the
shape.This is due to strong interactions and short number of nearest neighbours [atoms (or)
distances among their constituent particles. ions] that a central atom holds in the unit
--------------------------------------------------- cell of the crystal.
2. Solids are two types: ---------------------------------------------------
1) Amorphous solids like Plastic, Glass, 6. Packing Structures:
Rubber can be melted, softened, moulded The metal atoms are spherical and the
over a low range of temperatures. structures of metallic elements are
Their constituent particles have described in terms of packing structures
(i) irregular geometrical structures
(ii) short range ordered patterns.
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of spheres in space.
a) Simple cubic arrangement:
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Coordination number is 6.
Ex: Polonium (Po)

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2) Crystalline solids like Quartz, Diamond,
NaCl are rigid. Their constituent particles b) Body centered cubic (bcc) structure:
have (i) regular geometrical structures
(ii) long range ordered patterns.
Crystalline solids are divided into L L
Coordination number is 8
Ex: Na, K Rb, Cs, Cr, Mo, W
c) Hexagonal close packed (hcp)structure:
molecular, ionic, metallic and covalent solids.
U Arrangement is AB AB AB.... type

B
--------------------------------------------------- Coordination number is 12.
3. Crystal lattice is the regular and repeating Ex: Be, Mg, Cd, Co, Zn
pattern of constituent particles in three d) Face centered cubic (fcc) structure:
dimensional arrangement.
Y Arrangement is ABC ABC ABC....type

B
Altogether there are 14 possible lattices called Coordination number is 12.
Bravias Lattices. Ex: Al, Cu, Au, Pb, Pd, Ni and Ca.

A
--------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------

B
4. Unit cell is the smallest portion of a crystal 7. Point Defect in a crystalline structure is a
lattice which, when repeated in three deviation from the ideal arrangement
dimensions, generates the entire crystal lattice. around a point or an atom.
---------------------------------------------------
A unit cell has (i) 3 edges a,b,c
8. Bragg's equation : nl=2dsinq
(ii) 3 angles a,b,g between those edges.
Our Daily LIFE
CHEM BEATS!
• Chemistry of our Daily Life: Solid Food + Liquid Water + Gaseous Oxygen!
• =¶Oz [|~¡í‹¬°ë ƒì_™ L#ß "Œ_x KǶÀ‹ë g_È° '=°‹¬°ë ªe_£Ñ ƒ’†Ç¶¼ JO@°O\ìO H›^¥!
So, Solid J<Í „¬^¥xß "Œ_È°H› ƒì+¬ Õ 'Q®\ ÷“Qê, 㪐“OQ·QêÑ LO_Í ^¥xH÷ "Œ_È°`Ç°O\ìO.
• Body in the Childhood is like Amorphous Solid(Tender) and
at the Middle age it's like Crystalline Solid(Rigid).
• Unit Cell is just like a Brick of a Building.
• ZH›ž~ŸÌ‹á*˜ ƒì_™#° SIX Pack, EIGHT Pack JO\ì~¡° H›^¥!.
J ìöQ Crystal Solids Õx Atoms †³òH›ø Coordination Number
ㄬHê~¡O "Œ\÷x Simple Cubic, hcp, bcc, fcc..... Jx Classify K͉§~¡°.
• Man's Solid Body U Solid Body with Liquid Blood U Liquid Blood Cells with Gaseous Oxygen.
« SR. CHEMISTRY 2
BABY BULLET-Q «

ƒ’ˆì ãƒìQ· ƒ’ˆì!

CHEM BEATS!
In 1914, experimental Physicist W.H. Bragg observed a phenomenon
that when X-ray beams are passed through a crystal,
a pattern of bright & dark spots are seen on the screen placed opposite to it.

Father W.H. Bragg asked his Son W.L. Bragg( Theoretical Physicist)
to find a possible reason for that phenomenon. Son W.L.Bragg took it as a challenge,
worked on it and finally succeeded to prove the Bragg's law of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).
They both were awarded Noble Prize for this work in 1915. Thus, Sir William Lawrence

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Bragg at the age of just 25 years became the Youngest Noble Prize Laureate in Physics.

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Hatsoff to BRAGG Pair

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