(GEC 109-THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL)

Final Examination

NAME: NAGA, SITTIE AYNAH S. NAGA DATE: June 2, 2022

COURSE: DT-Machine shop engineering technology

1. Describe the general conditions in Spain during the second half of the 19 th century. How
did these conditions affect the Philippines? Discuss the interplay of several factors that
contributed to the changing landscape of Philippine society and economy. (20 pts.)

The general condition during 19th century Their primeval thinking was totally
transformed (David, 1975; Drezner & Wolf, 2005). Example with this was the invention
of steamships where people and cargo can travel faster. Another important invention was
electricity that made printing more efficient. This did not only usher the increase of
production in the factory and made the life of the workers much easier at home, but one
of the exciting electrical iinvention was the battery which illuminated their houses and
photographs of their past memories and experiences were captured (David, 1975; Drezner
& Wolf, 2005). People then became more energized and motivated to produce, explore
and learn more than ever before. Telegraphs were invented which made communication
easier across the globe. Great Britain and France began to compete with Spain in looking
for the global market of their products.

Spain in the 19th century was a country in turmoil. Occupied by Napoleon from
1808 to 1814, a massively destructive "liberation war" ensued. A constitution hallmark of
Spanish liberalism was proclaimed in 1812. Spain was divided between the liberal ideas
and the absolutism personified by the rule of Ferdinand VII, who repealed the 1812
Constitution for the first time in 1814, only to be forced to swear over the constitution
again in 1820 after a liberal pronunciamiento, giving way to the brief Trienio Liberal
(1820–1823).

The Philippine society felt the impact of the developing economy. As a result, social
relations underwent redefinitions and the changing dynamics brought about a
renegotiation of social stratification. With the growing relevance of the mestizo
population, new lines were drawn with the following social strata:

Peninsular Pure-blooded Spaniards born in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain)

Insular Pure-blooded Spaniards born in the Philippine Mestizo Born of mixed parentage,
a mestizo can be: Spanish mestizo- one parent is Spanish, the other is a native:or Chinese
mestizo- one parent is Chinese, the other is a native Principalia Wealthy pure-blooded
native supposedly descended from the kadatoan cclas Indio Pure-blooded native in the
Philippine Chino infidel Non-Catholic pure-blooded Chinese.

Lecture, April 12,2022

 2. Briefly discuss the regular-secular conflict. In the study of Philippine nationalism, discuss
the contribution/s of the Execution of the three Martyred priests “Gomburza” in 1872.
(20 pts.)

In February 17, 1872, Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jocinto Zamora
(Gomburza), all Filipino priest, was executed by the Spanish colonizers on charges of
subversion. The charges against Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora was their alleged
complicity in the uprising of workers at the Cavite Naval Yard. The death of Gomburza
awakened strong feelings of anger and resentment among the Filipinos. They questioned
Spanish authorities and demanded reforms. The martyrdom of the three priests apparently
helped to inspire the organization of the Propaganda Movement, which aimed to seek
reforms and inform Spain of the abuses of its colonial government.
x.Ocampo,Ambeth.history.org/gomburza.htm#:~:text=The%20Death%20of%20Gomburza
%20%26%20The%20Propaganda%20Movement&text=They%20questioned%20Spanish
%20authorities%20and,abuses%20of%20its%20colonial%20government. (Accessed June 2,
2022).

3. Make a list of statements dealing with nationalism from the Noli and Fili and explain
these in your own words. How these statements applicable in our present era? (20 pts.)

The novel deals with nationalism, it shows us how to fight freedom, abuse for our nation,
this novel shows us on how to be a patriot to our country.

4. Choose at least one essay presented in the class. Discuss how nationalism is portrayed in
this essay. (20 pts.)

5. Retell the life of Rizal as recorded in his last poem. How did Rizal evaluate his life and
works in this masterpiece? (20 pts.)

My Last Farewell”

Farewell, my adored Land, region of the sun caressed,

Pearl of the Orient Sea, our Eden lost,
With gladness I give you my life, sad and repressed;
And were it more brilliant, more fresh and at its best,
I would still give it to you for your welfare at most.

On the fields of battle, in the fury of fight,

Others give you their lives without pain or hesitancy,
The place does not matter: cypress, laurel, lily white;
Scaffold, open field, conflict or martyrdom’s site,
It is the same if asked by the home and country.

I die as I see tints on the sky b’gin to show

And at last announce the day, after a gloomy night;
If you need a hue to dye your matutinal glow,
Pour my blood and at the right moment spread it so,
And gild it with a reflection of your nascent light

My dreams, when scarcely a lad adolescent,

My dreams when already a youth, full of vigor to attain,
Were to see you, Gem of the Sea of the Orient,
Your dark eyes dry, smooth brow held to a high plane,
Without frown, without wrinkles and of shame without stain.
My life’s fancy, my ardent, passionate desire,
Hail! Cries out the soul to you, that will soon part from thee;
Hail! How sweet ’tis to fall that fullness you may acquire;
To die to give you life, ‘neath your skies to expire,
And in thy mystic land to sleep through eternity!

If over my tomb some day, you would see blow,

A simple humble flow’r amidst thick grasses,
Bring it up to your lips and kiss my soul so,
And under the cold tomb, I may feel on my brow,
Warmth of your breath, a whiff of thy tenderness.

Let the moon with soft, gentle light me descry,

Let the dawn send forth its fleeting, brilliant light,
In murmurs grave allow the wind to sigh,
And should a bird descend on my cross and alight,
In murmurs grave allow the wind to sigh,
And should a bird descend on my cross and alight,
Let the bird intone a song of peace o’er my site.

Let the burning sun the raindrops vaporize

And with my clamor behind return pure to the sky;
Let a friend shed tears over my early demise;
And on quiet afternoons when one prays for me on high,
Pray too, oh, my Motherland, that in God may rest I.

Pray thee for all the hapless who have died,

For all those who unequalled torments have undergone;
For our poor mothers who in bitterness have cried;
For orphans, widows and captives to tortures were shied,
And pray too that you may see your own redemption.

And when the dark night wraps the cemet’ry

And only the dead to vigil there are left alone,
Don’t disturb their repose, disturb not the mystery:
If thou hear the sounds of cithern or psaltery,
It is I, dear Country, who, a song t’you intone.

And when my grave by all is no more remembered,

With neither cross nor stone to mark its place,
Let it be plowed by man, with spade let it be scattered
And my ashes ere to nothingness are restored,
Let them turn to dust to cover thy earthly space.
Then it doesn’t matter that you should forget me:
Your atmosphere, your skies, your vales I’ll sweep;
Vibrant and clear note to your ears I shall be:
Aroma, light, hues, murmur, song, moanings deep,
Constantly repeating the essence of the faith I keep.

My idolized Country, for whom I most gravely pine,

Dear Philippines, to my last goodbye, oh, harken
There I leave all: my parents, loves of mine,
I’ll go where there are no slaves, tyrants or hangmen
Where faith does not kill and where God alone does reign.

Farewell, parents, brothers, beloved by me,

Friends of my childhood, in the home distressed;
Give thanks that now I rest from the wearisome day;
Farewell, sweet stranger, my friend, who brightened my way;
Farewell to all I love; to die is to rest.

translationbyEncarnacionAlzona&IsidroEscareAbeto,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi_
%C3%BAltimo_adi%C3%B3s,(accessed June 2,2022 )

On this battlefield man has no better weapon than his intelligence, no other
force but his heart.
- Jose Rizal