Basic College Mathematics through

Applications 5th Edition Akst Solutions

Manual
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Chapter 7

SIGNED NUMBERS
42. Two, −0.5 and 0.5
7.1 Introduction to Signed 44. No; at most two numbers can have the same
Numbers absolute value.

Exercises For Exercises 46 through 64, the larger number is

boxed.
2. A number less than 0 is a negative number.
46. −6 and −9 48. 0 and 87
4. The integers are the numbers …, −4, −3, −2, −1,
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …, continuing indefinitely in both
directions. 50. −3 and 14 52. −6 and −3 14

6. The absolute value of a number is its distance

54. −4 and − 27 56. 8 and −15
from 0 on the number line.
8. For two numbers on the number line, the 58. −3 and −14 60. −8 and − 8 12
number on the right is larger.
62. −3.9 and −3.4 64. −7 12 and − 7 14
10.
66. −8 > −9 True 68. −4 < 3.6 True
12.
70. 0 > −5 34 True 72. 8 > −8 True

14. The opposite of 3 is −3.

74. −1.6 < −1.7 False 76. −8 23 < 0 True
16. The opposite of 8.4 is −8.4.
1
18. The opposite of −5 is 5. 78. −3.1, − 3, 0, 3.5, 4 80. −2.7, − 2 , − 2, 3
2
20. The opposite of −2 13 is 2 13 .
1
82. −6 km 84. +3 lb
22. The opposite of −1.2 is 1.2. 4
24. The opposite of 0.8 is −0.8 . 1
86. The opposite of −2 14 is 2 .
4
2 2
26. −39 = 39 28. −1 =1
3 3 88. a. Number Sign Absolute Value
4 + 4
30. 8 = 8 32. −5.8 = 5.8
b. Number Sign Absolute Value

34. 2 2
Number Sign Absolute Value − −
11 + 11 3 3

36. Number Sign Absolute Value 3

−9.2 − 9.2 90. −4 > −4.95 92. − , −1.7, −2
4
38. Number Sign Absolute Value 94. Since 0.9 > 0.3, the company showed a greater
− 30 − 30 loss in the third quarter.
40. Number Sign Absolute Value 96. Since −2 > −5 , the passengers are higher after
3 3 taking the elevator down 2 floors.
+
4 4

62 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Section 7.2 Adding Signed Numbers 63

98. Since 109.45 > 100, the account will still be 10. − 6 = 6 and − 4 = 4
overdrawn. Add the absolute values:
100. −188 < −34 < 59, so liquid fluorine has the 6 + 4 = 10
lowest boiling point. Because both numbers are negative, the sum is
negative: −6 + (−4) = −10
102. a. Indianapolis and Columbus grew in Visual check: Move four units left.
population.
b. Detroit had the largest decline in population.

Mindstretchers 12. 3 = 3 and − 2 = 2

1. a. Possible answers: Subtract the smaller absolute value from the
1 1 larger: 3 − 2 = 1
−2.1, − 2 , − 2.2, − 2 , etc. Because 3 has the larger absolute value and its
2 3 sign is positive, the sum is also positive:
b. There are infinitely many numbers between
3 + (−2) = 1
−2 and −3.
Visual check: Move 2 units left.
2. Highlight from −5 to 3.
3. Answers will vary.
14. The sum of a number and its opposite is 0, so
2 + (−2) = 0.
7.2 Adding Signed Numbers
16. − 12 = 12 and 7 = 7
Exercises Subtract the absolute values:
2. To find the sum of two signed numbers with the 12 − 7 = 5
same sign, add the absolute values and keep the Because −12 has the larger absolute value and
sign. its sign is negative, the sum is also negative.
−12 + 7 = −5
4. Rearranging signed numbers to add the positives
and negatives separately does not affect the 18. − 20 = 20 and 60 = 60
sum, because the operation of addition is Subtract the absolute values:
associative and commutative. 60 − 20 = 40
6. 3 = 3 and − 9 = 9 Subtract the smaller Because 60 has the larger absolute value and its
sign is positive, the sum is also positive.
absolute value from the larger: 9 − 3 = 6
−20 + 60 = 40
Because −9 has the larger absolute value and its
sign is negative, the sum is also negative: 20. 5 = 5 and − 3 = 3
3 + (−9) = −6 Subtract the smaller from the larger:
Visual check: Move 9 units left. 5−3= 2
Because 5 has the larger absolute value and its
sign is positive, the sum is also positive.
5 + (−3) = 2
22. − 50 = 50 and − 40 = 40
8. − 4 = 4 and 9 = 9 Subtract the smaller Add the absolute values: 50 + 40 = 90
absolute value from the larger: 9 − 4 = 5 Because both numbers are negative, the sum is
negative: −50 + (−40) = −90
Because 9 has the larger absolute value and its
sign is positive, the sum is also positive: 24. −9 = 9 and 4 = 4
−4 + 9 = 5 Subtract the smaller from the larger: 9 − 4 = 5
Visual check: Move 9 units right.
Because −9 has the larger absolute value and its
sign is negative, the sum is also negative.
−9 + 4 = −5
26. A number added to 0 always gives the number,
so −13 + 0 = −13.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

64 Chapter 7 Signed Numbers

28. The sum of a number and its opposite is 0, so Because −14 has the larger absolute value and
−2 + 2 = 0. its sign is negative, the sum is also negative:
1 2
30. − 0.6 = 0.6 and 1 = 1 −14 + = −13
3 3
Subtract the smaller from the larger:
1 − 0.6 = 0.4 3 3 1 1
Because 1 has the larger absolute value and its 46. 1 = 1 and − 2 = 2
8 8 4 4
sign is positive, the sum is also positive: Subtract the smaller from the larger:
−0.6 + 1 = 0.4
1 3 9 11 18 11 7
2 −1 = − = − =
32. The sum of any number and 0 is that number, so 4 8 4 8 8 8 8
−5.5 + 0 = −5.5 1
Because 2 has the larger absolute value and
34. The sum of any number and its opposite is 0, so 4
−0.7 + 0.7 = 0 . its sign is negative, the sum is also negative:
3 ⎛ 1⎞ 7
36. 6.1 = 6.1 and − 5.9 = 5.9 1 + ⎜ −2 ⎟ = −
8 ⎝ 4⎠ 8
Subtract the smaller from the larger.
6.1 − 5.9 = 0.2 48. 35 + (−17) + (−18)
Because 6.1 has the larger absolute value and its 
sign is positive, the sum is also positive: = 35 + (−35)
6.1 + (−5.9) = 0.2 =0
50. 20 + (−8) + (−12)
38. − 0.8 = 0.8 and − 0.5 = 0.5 
Add the absolute values: 0.8 + 0.5 = 1.3 = 20 + (−20) = 0
Because both numbers are negative, their sum is
negative: (−0.8) + (−0.5) = −1.3 52. -34 + (-9) + 15

= -43 + 15 = -28
1 1 2 2
40. −1 = 1 and −2 =2
3 3 3 3 ⎛ 1⎞
54. −8 + ( −4) + ⎜ −8 ⎟
1 2  ⎝ 4⎠
Add the absolute values: 1 + 2 = 4
3 3 ⎛ 1⎞ 1
= − 12 + ⎜ −8 ⎟ = −20
Because both numbers are negative, their sum is ⎝ 4⎠ 4
1 ⎛ 2⎞
negative: −1 + ⎜ −2 ⎟ = −4 56. (−3) + 8 + (−9) + 3 + (−4)
3 ⎝ 3⎠
= 8N + 3 + (−3) + (−9) + (−4)

1 1 5 5 = 11 + (−16)
42. 2 =2 and − =
6 6 6 6 = −5
Subtract the smaller from the larger:
1 5 13 5 8 4 1 58. 9 + (−3) + 8 + (−4) + 5
2 − = − = = , or 1 = 9+ 8 + 5 + (−3) + (−4)
6 6 6 8 6 3 3 
1 = 22 + (−7)
Because 2 has the larger absolute value and
6 = 15
its sign is positive, the sum is also positive:
60. −6 + 18 + (−15) + 7 + (−3)
1 ⎛ 5⎞ 1
2 + ⎜− ⎟ = 1 = −6 + (−15) + (−3) + 18
N +7
6 ⎝ 6⎠ 3 
= − 24 + 25
1 1 =1
44. − 14 = 14 and =
3 3 62. −5.25 + (−0.4) + 3

Subtract the smaller from the larger:
1 2 = − 5.65 + 3 = −2.65
14 − = 13
3 3 64. −3.7 + (−1.88) + 5

= − 5.58 + 5 = −0.58

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Section 7.3 Subtracting Signed Numbers 65

66. − 5.405 + 6 + (−6.89)

= −5.405 + (−6.89) + 6

= − 12.295 + 6 = −6.295

68. − 10 + 5.17 + (−10.002)

= −10 + (−10.002) + 5.17

= − 20.002 + 5.17 = −14.832 7.3 Subtracting Signed
70. 16 + (−24) = −8
Numbers
Exercises
2 ⎛ 1⎞ 3 1
72. −4 + ⎜ −2 ⎟ = −6 = −6 2. Every subtraction problem has a related addition
9 ⎝ 9⎠ 9 3
problem.
74. −1.7 + (−3.95) + 10 = −5.65 + 10 = 4.35 4. When subtracting a negative number, the
difference is greater than the original number.
76. −2, 456 + 350 = −2,106
She still owes $2,106. 6. 7 − (−3) = 7 + 3 = 10
78. −150 + (−75) = −225 8. 5 − 9 = 5 + (−9) = −4
The total price change is −$225.
10. −44 − 2 = −44 + (−2) = −46
80. −51 + 20 = −31
Cleopatra left the throne in 31 B.C. 12. 36 − (−4) = 36 + 4 = 40

82. −10 + 15 = 5 14. 44 − 83 = 44 + (−83) = −39

The final temperature was 5°C.
84. −5 + 2 + (−1) + 0 = −4
His overall change was a loss of 4 lb.
86. a. −9 + (−14) + (−2) + 20 = −23 + (−2) + 20
= −25 + 20 = −5
The company lost $5 million in 2010.
16. −18 − (−3) = −18 + 3 = −15
18. 4 − (−4) = 4 + 4 = 8
20. 0 − 56 = −56
22. −15 − 15 = −15 + (−15) = −30
24. 14 − (−14) = 14 + 14 = 28

b. −12 > −14, so the company’s bottom line 26. 7 − 34 = 7 + (−34) = −27
was greater in the last quarter of 2009. 28. 300 − (−100) = 300 + (+100) = 400
Mindstretchers 30. 9.1 − 10.84 = 9.1 + (−10.84) = −1.74
1. a. + +3 −2 −1 32. 8.6 − (−0.7) = 8.6 + 0.7 = 9.3
+4 7 2 3 34. −0.5 − (−0.5) = −0.5 + 0.5 = 0

−3 0 −5 −4 36. 7.4 − (−3.1) = 7.4 + 3.1 = 10.5

38. −6 − (−8.7) = −6 + 8.7 = 2.7
−1 2 −3 −2
1 1 1 ⎛ 1⎞
40. 6 − 8 = 6 + ⎜ −8 ⎟ = −2
b. The sum of the numbers in each row is three 5 5 5 ⎝ 5⎠
times the number in the left margin. So, the
overall sum is three times the sum of the 2 ⎛ 2⎞ 1
42. 12 − 5 = 12 + ⎜ −5 ⎟ = 6
numbers in the left margin, or 0. 3 ⎝ 3⎠ 3
2. No, adding a negative number results in a sum
1 ⎛ 1⎞ 1
smaller than the other addend. 44. −9 − = −9 + ⎜ − ⎟ = − 9
8 ⎝ 8 ⎠ 8
3. As shown in the diagram below, the pattern is
add −2, then add 1. The missing numbers are 1 ⎛ 1⎞ 1 1 5
46. 6 − ⎜ −1 ⎟ = 6 + 1 = 7
−10, −9, −11. 2 ⎝ 3⎠ 2 3 6

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

66 Chapter 7 Signed Numbers

48. 10 + (−6) − (−8) Wednesday to Thursday change:


$38.84 − $39.44 = −$0.60
= 4 + 8 = 12 Thursday to Friday change:
$37.97 − $38.84 = −$0.87
50. − 8 + (−9)
8N
= 0 + (−9) = −9 b. $39.63 − $0.86 = $38.77

52. 4.6 − (−5) + (−3.6) Mindstretchers

= 4.6
 + 5 + (−3.6)
1.
= 9.6 + (−3.6) = 6 −3 +2 −5

1 1 1 1 −4 −2 0
54. −2 − (−3) + 5 = −2 + 3 + 5
2 4 2  4
+1 −6 −1
1 1 3
= −2 + 8 = 5
2 4 4 2. The sum of the first column of numbers is 25.
The sum of the second column of numbers is
56. − 5 − (−1) + 6 + (−3) − 4
= −5 + (+1) + 6 + (−3) − 4 7 + ? + 7 + 8 + 9 , and this must also equal 25.
 7 + ?+ 7 + 8 + 9 = 25
= −4 + 6 + (−3) − 4 ? + 31 = 25

= 2 + (−3) − 4 ? = −6
 The question mark represents −6.
= −1 − 4 = −5
3. In both problems there is a conversion from one
58. 2 − [3 + (−5)] = 2 − (−2) = 2 + 2 = 4 operation to its opposite; from subtraction to
60. − 6.192 − 0.337 − (−23.94) addition and from division to multiplication.
= −6.192 + (−0.337) + (+23.94)

= − 6.529 + 23.94 = 17.411 7.4 Multiplying Signed
 − 0.833 + (−6.125)
62. 2.884 Numbers
= 2.001 + (−6.125) = −4.124
Exercises
64. 8.1 − 10.46 = −2.36 2. The product of two numbers with different signs
is negative.
66. 6 − (−5) = 6 + 5 = 11
4. The product of an odd number of negative
68. 3 − [2 + (−9)] = 3 − (−7) = 3 + 7 = 10 factors is negative.
70. 2 − (−4) = 2 + 4 = 6 6. − 4 = 4 and 9 = 9
They are 6 floors apart. 4 ⋅ 9 = 36
72. −1, 000 − 1, 789 = −1, 000 + (−1, 789) The factors have different signs so
= −2, 789 ≈ −2,800 the product is negative.
Ethiopia is about 2,800 yr older than the United −4 ⋅ 9 = −36
States.
8. − 3 = 3 and 7 = 7
74. 49 − 62 = −13 3 ⋅ 7 = 21
The temperature at 8 A.M. was −13°F. The factors have different signs so
76. a. 2001, $127.4 billion; 2002, −$157.8 billion the product is negative.
−3 ⋅ 7 = −21
b. 127.4 − (−157.8) = 127.4 + 157.8 = 285.2.
The difference between the surplus and the 10. − 4 = 4 and − 3 = 3
deficit is $285.2 billion. 4 ⋅ 3 = 12
78. a. Monday to Tuesday change: The factors have the same sign so
$40.15 − $39.63 = $0.52 the product is positive.
Tuesday to Wednesday change: −4 ⋅ (−3) = 12
$39.44 − $40.15 = −$0.71

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Section 7.4 Multiplying Signed Numbers 67

12. −35 = 35 and − 7 = 7 30. − 0.7 = 0.7 and − 1.8 = 1.8

35 ⋅ 7 = 245 (0.7)(1.8) = 1.26
The factors have the same sign so The factors have the same sign so
the product is positive. the product is positive.
−35(−7) = 245 (−0.7)(−1.8) = 1.26

14. − 1 = 1 and 5 = 5 32. − 40 = 40 and 2.7 = 2.7

1⋅ 5 = 5 (40)(2.7) = 108
The factors have different signs so The factors have different signs so
the product is negative. the product is negative.
−1 ⋅ 5 = −5 (−40)(2.7) = −108
16. − 5 = 5 and 812 = 812 5 5 2 2
5 ⋅ 812 = 4, 060 34. − = and =
6 6 3 3
The factors have different signs so 5 2 5
the product is negative. ⋅ =
−5 ⋅ (812) = −4, 060 6 3 9
The factors have different signs so
the product is negative.
18. 8 = 8 and − 53 = 53
⎛ 5⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ 5
8 ⋅ 53 = 424 ⎜⎝ − ⎟⎠ ⋅ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ = −
The factors have different signs so 6 3 9
the product is negative.
8 ⋅ (−53) = −424 1 1 1 1
36. − = and 2 = 2
5 5 2 2
20. 20 = 20 and − 30 = 30 ⎛ ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞
20 ⋅ 30 = 600 ⎛1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎜ 5 ⎟ 1
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ = ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ =
The factors have different signs so 5 2 5 2 2
the product is negative. ⎝ 1 ⎠⎝ ⎠
20 ⋅ (−30) = −600 The factors have different signs so
the product is negative.
22. − 4 = 4 and − 200 = 200 1 1
− ⋅2 = −
1
4 ⋅ 200 = 800 5 2 2
The factors have the same sign so
the product is positive. 38. −62 = −(6)(6) = −36
−4 ⋅ (−200) = 800
40. (−300)2 = (−300)(−300) = 90, 000
24. − 60 = 60 and 40 = 40
60 ⋅ 40 = 2, 400 42. (−0.4)2 = (−0.4)(−0.4) = 0.16
The factors have different signs so
the product is negative.
44. (−0.2)3 = (−0.2)(−0.2)(−0.2) = −0.008
−60 ⋅ 40 = −2, 400
2
26. 0.3 = 0.3 and − 0.2 = 0.2 ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
46. ⎜ − ⎟ = ⎜ − ⎟ ⎜ − ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟
(0.3)(0.2) = 0.06 ⎝ 5⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 25 ⎠
The factors have different signs so
the product is negative. 48. (−4)3 = (−4)(−4)(−4) = 16(−4) = −64
(0.3)(−0.2) = −0.06
50. (−7.96)2 = (−7.96) (−7.96) = 63.3616
28. 3 = 3 and − 0.3 = 0.3
(3)(0.3) = 0.9 52. (2)(−3) (−200)
The factors have different signs so 
= (−6)(−200) = 1, 200
the product is negative.
3 ⋅ (−0.3) = −0.9 54. Multiply from left to right.
(−5)(−2)(−1)(3)(−2) = (10)(−1)(3)(−2)
= (−10)(3)(−2)
= (−30)(−2) = 60

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

68 Chapter 7 Signed Numbers

56. Any product with a 0 factor will be 0. ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 4⎞ ⎛ 9 ⎞ ⎛ 8 ⎞⎛ 9 ⎞

(−7)(0)(−10) = 0 88. ⎜ − ⎟ ⎜ − ⎟ ⎜ − ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ − ⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 15 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠
72 12
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ =− =−
58. ⎜ − ⎟ ⋅ (−4) ⋅ ⎜ − ⎟ 150 25
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠

⎛ 1⎞ 2 2
= (2) ⎜ − ⎟ = −1 90. (−10) 2 − 6(4 − 7) = ⋅ 100 − 6(−3)
⎝ 2⎠ 25 25
200
= − (−18)
3 1 ⎛ 5⎞ 25
60. − ⋅ ⋅ ⎜− ⎟
4 2 ⎝ 7 ⎠ = 8 + 18 = 26
⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞ 15 92. (−25)(7) = −175
= ⎜− ⎟ ⋅ ⎜− ⎟ =
⎝ 8 ⎠ ⎝ 7 ⎠ 56
Her medication decreased by 175 mg.
62. (5.24)(−0.18) (−2.4) 5 5
 94. ⋅ (−4 − 32) = ⋅ (−36) = −20
= (−0.9432)(−2.4) = 2.26368 9 9
The Celsius equivalent of −4°F is −20°C.
64. (−4)2 + (−5) = 16 + (−5) = 11 96. 3(+2) + 2(+1) + 4(−1) + 1(0) = 6 + 2 − 4 + 0
66. −5 + 2(−8) − 2 = −5 + (−16) − 2 =8−4+0= 4
= −21 − 2 = −23 The Panthers team scored 4 more points than its
opponents.
68. 8 ⋅ (−2) + (−3)(−1) = −16 + 3 = −13
98. 6(−2) = −12
70. 3(−9) + 2(−7) = −27 + (−14) = −41 At the end of the period there were 12 in. less in
the reservoir.
72. (−0.3)2 + 0.32 = 0.09 + 0.09 = 0.18
100. a. 15(−1.8) = −27
1 His net change in weight was −27 pounds.
74. (−15) + 32 = −3 + 32 = 29
5 b. After 15 weeks, he weighed
183 − 27 = 156 pounds.
76. −6 ⋅ (−4 + 2.7) = −6 ⋅ (−1.3) = 7.8

78. (4.6 - 5) × (-1 + 0.6) = -0.4 × (-0.4) = 0.16

Mindstretchers
1. The product will always be larger, since the
2 2 2 product is positive and the sum is negative.
80. é ù
ë3 - 4 (-2)û = [3 + 8] = 11 = 121
2. × −1 3 −2
82. 52 + 4(−6 − 4) + (−9)(−8)
= 25 + 4(−10) + 72 2 −2 6 −4
= 25 + (−40) + 72 = −15 + 72 = 57
−3 3 −9 6
84. Input Output
−2 2 −6 4
a. −2 (−5)(−2) + 1 = 11
The column headings sum to 0, so each row
b. −1 (−5)(−1) + 1 = 6 sums to 0.
c. 0 (−5)(0) + 1 = 1 3. No, it is not possible. If the salesman loses
money on each item sold, the more items (or
d. +1 (−5)(+1) + 1 = −4
volume) he sells, the more money he loses. That
e. +2 (−5)(+2) + 1 = −9 is, the product of a negative number (the loss on
each item) and a positive number (the number of
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛ 4 ⎞ 12 items) is always negative.
86. ⎜ −1 ⎟ ⎜ −1 ⎟ = ⎜ − ⎟ ⎜ − ⎟ = =2
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ 6

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 Section 7.5 Dividing Signed Numbers 69

7.5 Dividing Signed Numbers 24. − 440 = 440 and − 10 = 10

440 ÷ 10 = 44
Exercises The numbers have the same sign so
the quotient is positive.
2. The quotient of two numbers with different −440 ÷ (−10) = 44
signs is negative.
26. − 0.26 = 0.26 and 2 = 2
4. Every division problem has a related
multiplication problem. 0.26 ÷ 2 = 0.13
The numbers have different signs so
6. − 7 = 7 and − 1 = 1 the quotient is negative.
7 ÷1= 7 −0.26 ÷ 2 = −0.13
The numbers have the same sign so 28. 9 = 9 and −0.6 = 0.6
the quotient is positive.
9 ÷ 0.6 = 15
−7 ÷ (−1) = 7
The numbers have different signs so
8. 0 divided by any nonzero number is 0. the quotient is negative.
0÷3= 0 9 ÷ −0.6 = −15

10. − 9 = 9 and 3 = 3 30. − 2.6 = 2.6 and − 0.2 = 0.2

9÷3=3 2.6 ÷ 0.2 = 13
The numbers have different signs so The numbers have the same sign so
the quotient is negative. the quotient is positive.
−9 ÷ 3 = −3 −2.6 ÷ (−0.2) = 13

12. − 12 = 12 and 4 = 4 32. −

5
=
5
12 ÷ 4 = 3 6 6
The numbers have different signs so 1 1
the quotient is negative. 5 5 5 6
÷ = × =1
−12 ÷ 4 = −3 6 6 6 5
1 1
14. − 300 = 300 and − 3 = 3 The numbers have the same sign so
300 ÷ 3 = 100 the quotient is positive.
The numbers have the same sign so ⎛ 5⎞ ⎛ 5⎞
the quotient is positive. ⎜⎝ − ⎟⎠ ÷ ⎜⎝ − ⎟⎠ = 1
6 6
−300 ÷ (−3) = 100
1 1
16. − 20 = 20 and 10 = 10 34. 9 = 9 and − =
3 3
20 ÷ 10 = 2 1 9 3
The numbers have different signs so 9÷ = × = 27
the quotient is negative. 3 1 1
The numbers have different signs so
−20 ÷ 10 = −2 the quotient is negative.
18. − 8 = 8 and − 4 = 4 ⎛ 1⎞
9 ÷ ⎜ − ⎟ = −27
8÷4= 2 ⎝ 3⎠
The numbers have the same sign so
the quotient is positive. 1 1 3
36. −30 = 30 and 1 =1 =
−8 ÷ (−4) = 2 2 2 2
10
20. − 8 = 8 and 2 = 2 1 30 3 30 2
30 ÷ 1 = ÷ = × = 20
8÷2= 4 2 1 2 1 3
The numbers have different signs so 1
the quotient is negative. The numbers have different signs so
−8 ÷ 2 = −4 the quotient is negative.
1
22. − 20 = 20 and − 2 = 2 −30 ÷ 1 = −20
2
20 ÷ 2 = 10
The numbers have different signs so
the quotient is negative.
20 ÷ (−2) = −10

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70 Chapter 7 Signed Numbers

38. − 0.749 = 0.749 and − 0.214 = 0.214 54. −3(−4) ÷ (−2) = 12 ÷ (−2) = −6
0.749 ÷ 0.214 = 3.5
The numbers have the same sign so 56. (4 − 6)2 ÷ (1 − 5) 2 = (−2)2 ÷ (−4) 2 =
the quotient is positive. 1
−0.749 ÷ (−0.214) = 3.5 4 ÷ 16 = , or 0.25
4
40. 50.8369 = 50.8369 and − 7.13 = 7.13 32 − (−7) 9 − (−7) 9 + 7 16
50.8369 ÷ 7.13 = 7.13 58. = = = =8
The numbers have different signs so 2 2 2 2
the quotient is negative.
50.8369 ÷ (−7.13) = −7.13 32 + (−7) 9 + (−7) 2
60. = = = −2
−1 −1 −1
42. − 1 = 1 and 7 = 7
−10 −6 ⎛ 6⎞
The numbers have different signs so 62. ⋅ = −5 ⋅ ⎜ − ⎟ = 6
the quotient is negative. 2 5 ⎝ 5⎠
−1 1
=− −5 − (−7) −5 + 7 2
7 7 64. = = =1
2 2 2
44. − 3 = 3 and − 11 = 11
3 3 (−16)(1.5)2 (−16)(2.25) −36
= 66. = = = 36
11 11 −1 −1 −1
The numbers have the same sign so
the quotient is positive. 68. −12 ⋅ 2 + (−2) 2 − (−5) ⋅ 3 = −24 + 4 − (−15)
−3 3 = −20 + 15 = −5
=
−11 11
70. −49 ÷ (−7)2 − 4 ⋅ (−3) = −49 ÷ 49 − (−12)
46. 5 = 5 and − 10 = 10 = −49 ÷ 49 + (+12)
5 1 = −1 + 12 = 11
=
10 2
The numbers have different signs so 72. 10 + (−8) ÷ (−4)(−5) = 10 + (2)(−5)
the quotient is negative. = 10 + (−10) = 0
5 1
=−
−10 2 74. éë25 + (-10)ùû ¸ (-3) = 15 ¸ (-3) = -5

48. − 2 = 2 and − 11 = 11 76. (−2 + 8)(−12) = (6)(−12) = −72

2 2
= 78. (−10 + 8) ÷ 2 − 5 ⋅ 3 = (−2) ÷ 2 − 5 ⋅ 3 = −1 − 15
11 11
The numbers have the same sign so = −1 + (−15) = −16
the quotient is positive.
−2 2 80. 12 ÷ (−5 + 1) + (−6)(−1 + 2) = 12 ÷ (−4) + (−6)(1)
= = −3 + (−6) = −9
−11 11
50. − 26 = 26 and − 5 = 5 82. −0.75 ÷ −0.5 = 1.5
26 1 84. −0.06 ÷ (−0.3) = 0.2
=5
5 5
The numbers have the same sign so 86. −4 − 9 ÷ 3(−5) + 2 = −4 − 3(−5) + 2
the quotient is positive. = −4 − (−15) + 2
−26 1 = −4 + 15 + 2 = 11 + 2 = 13
=5
−5 5
88. The total decrease in value is $1,800 − $400
52. − 14 = 14 and − 16 = 16 = $1,400. 1, 400 ÷ 280 = 5 , so it will reach its
14 7 salvage value in 5 years.
=
16 8
The numbers have the same sign so 90. −24 ÷ (−4) = 6
the quotient is positive. 6 plays were involved.
−14 7
=
−16 8

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 Section 7.5 Dividing Signed Numbers 71

92. −3.5 ÷ 5 = −0.7 Mindstretchers

The cliff changed by −0.7 ft/yr.
1
1. +1296, + 648, − 216, −108, + 36, +18, − 6, − 3, 1,
(−0.5) + (0.3) + (0.2)
2 2
0.25 + 0.09 + 0.04
2 2
94. =
3 3 2. Answers may vary.
0.38
= = 0.1266... 3. The opposite of a number is what we add to the
3
≈ 0.13 number to obtain 0. The reciprocal of a number
is what we multiply the number by to obtain 1.
-11 + (-9) -20
96. a. = = -10
2 2
The average quarterly stockholders’ equity
for the first two quarters was −$10 billion.
−11 + (−9) + (−8) + (−6) + 2 −32
b. = = −8
4 4
The average for the four quarters would have
been −$8 billion.

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