Brletly explain the following terms: (a) emission line spectra (b) line absorption spectra (2009/15) 8. The table below gives some of the energy levels of a hydrogen atom, a a a (evav| 13360 |-339 |-31 | -o9s | 054 [0.00 (Draw the energy evel diagram for the atom. (i) Determine the wavelength of the photon emitted When the atom goes from the energy state n= 3 to the ground state. [h = 6 6 x 10" Js, ¢=3.0x 10%ms" 3, e= 1.6 x 10%C]/2017/12) {a){1) Define atomic spectra. (i) Differentiate between emission spectra and absorption spectra.(b)The diagram below illustrates an electron transition from energy level n= 3 to. Calculate the: (i) energy of the photon (li) frequency of the photon (ll) wavelength of the 5; ¢= 3x 10%ms" Le\ 9% “19.66 [2019/10] |: 1. Which of the following is not correct about isotopes of an element? They have A. the same neutron number. B. the same proton number. C. the seme number of electrons. D. the same chemical properties. [1988/57] ‘Which of the following gives rise to the line spectra observed in atoms? A. Kinetic energy of moving ‘atom. B. Potential energy of an electron inside an atom. C. Change of an electron from a higher toa lower energy evel in the atom. D. Disturbed proton In the nucleus. [1989/53] (1992/54) ‘Which of the following is/are essential properties of the Bohr’s model of the atom? |. The electrons in the Orbits have discrete values for thelr angular momentum. Il. When the electrons jump from one orbit to another, they emit discrete energy packets ‘or quanta. Ill, The energy emitted by the electrons in their orbits contain all possible wavelengths A. only. B. !and Il only. C. Il and Ill only. D. | anil only. (2989/54) is/are correct? |, Energy is needed to remove electrons from an atom Il Particles in the nucleus of an atom are bound together by strong forces. I. ‘large amount of energy is required to separate the particles in the nucleus of an atom. IV. When the nucleus of a uranium atom is spit, the energy released accounts for the difference in the masses of the products and the parent nucleus A. | only. B. land Ilanly. €.l andl only. . land only. (2990/52) The nucleon number and the proton number of a neutral atom of an element are 238 and 92 respectively. What isthe number of neutrons in the atom? A. 330, B. 165, C, 146, D.119. 2990/53) [1994/59] (2019/43) The process of inereasing the energy of an atom via inelastic collision with an electron is known as A inwiration. B, excitation. C. field emission . photoemission. [1998/56] ‘Rohs atomic model proves most successful for the explanation of the: I, structure of the hydrogen Which of the following statements about the ator exmpen (2020720502 8 ay sean te ter nO che hydrogen tom ane a ranationfrom ven {when an er iremits a photon of wave 3 toe cateulate Ea Calulae te aeation potential of the hYErOB: (202/12) eens Te 10, Define i 3 10 ntti spectra ofthe hydrogen ator il or enon atoms Which ofthe statements ere comreat? ut ony Bony Can sat. ane ony (2999/83) eran below stats the energy transions Bfoelecrons ofen atom Use to answer tueston 8 ond 9 8, Which ofthe transitions will produce the emission of longest wavelength? A. 1 8... D.1V [1999/42] 9. Which ofthe transitions will produce the emission of highest frequency? A.V. 8. 1V. C.D. 1999/43} 10. The following statements relate to atomic spectrum. I. All elements emit and absorb characteristic spectra. II. Spectral analysis is an. important method of identifying environmental pollutants, Il, The chemical composition of stars ould be determined using spectral analysis. Which of the statements above are correct? and Ml, 8. and IN only and i only. Be and lanl. (1999/44) 14, When the surface of apiece of chalks scrapped the tiny particles that flake off are known as ‘A matter. B, molecules. C. elements. D. atoms. {2000/1} 12, Which ofthe following statements isnot correct? Isotopes of an element have A. the same number of electric charges on the nucleus, B. the some chemical properties. . different nucleon numbers, 0. different proton numbers, 13, Which ofthe following representations comet {or an atom X with 28 electrons and 30 neutrons? + 20% Bs 3gX ©: 39X-D. 39%. (1991/85) [2004/50] 14, Bohr’s theory provides evidence forthe A, structure of the atom. B. positive chacge of an aaserps che Sth : pt recta exhibited by oe 1% gut of A: change in the Kingre geY ato ‘Som 8: instaoity ofthe et er anelectron in the atom. D, trangierycs °XCitation of we a atm ose or a 20075 n electron. Ca neutron nt Pecomes z.1nwhich ofthe following transition quantum of energy liberatey neon wunen the electron changes en quantum number] A.n=2 ton 21 we is the Ben=3i0n=3.D.5 tenon sg, The nucleon number and the preg respectively. How many neutrons are prego theatom? A. 11.8. 12.¢.23, p34, present in i. ich of the fllwing pate 20/4) nucleons in a neutral atom? A. prorgemet fons and neutrons. B, Neutrons and electrons. . Protons and * Protons ang electrons. D. Protons, Saas 2013/48) ns 0. Two Isotopes of uranium are designated as their A. atomic numbers. B. nucleon n C.proton numbers. D. neutron number number of A. electrons and protons. B. electrons and neutrons. C. neutrons minus electrons. D. protons and neutrons. (2017/47) 22. The energy levels in the mercury atom is illustrated in the diagram below. Calculate the ioni energy of the atom 126 E-3 E=2 fe | ——___. t=0———__..— A.421.20V. B. +10.4eV. C. -10.4ev. D.-21.2eV. [2017/48] 23, Ina model of the hydrogen atom, the energy levels Wnare given by the formula Wn aninteger and R is a constant. Determine the energy released in the transition from n = 3 ton= aati a. §, cp. (2002/45) 2, Anuclide represented as 79 X has 2 neutron - Proton ratio of A.0.5.B.0.8. C.1.2. D. 1.5. 2010/49} (2018/50) 5. When an atom is in the ground state, i be A. grounded. B. excited. C. stable. D. Ionized, [1993/59] as 25. Which of the following is a pair of isotopes? A: sa" and 35, 8,38 cl and 35 cl © cl and ‘0. p. 305i and 3p. [1997/54] 2. Which of the following Is not correct about He Rutherford’s model of the atom? A. The mass 0! 9 atom is concentrated in the nucleus. B. The nucleu! Of an atom is positively charged. C. The nucleus is surrounded by electron cloud, D. The diameter the nucleus is of the order of 10°. [1997/59] | 28. Which ofthe following statements is not true of the isotopes of an element? They A. are atom: s the larges 29 hydrogen ator erey levels a electrons and 5 represent lumber, ation where said to the same element. 8. have the same chemical Properties. C. have the same atomic number D. have the same mass number. (2003/46) The minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom is known as A. excitation energy. B. ionization energy. C, binding energy. . photon energy, (2003/48) ‘An atom in an excited state Is one whose A. potential energy is minimum, B, potential energy {5 maximum: €. electrons are in the conduction band. D. electrons have moved to higher energy level, (2012/46) ‘An electron jumps from one energy level to ‘another in an atom radiating 4.5 x 10 joules. f Planck’s constant is 6.6 x 10 Js what is the Wavelength of the radiation? Take velocity of light = 3x20?ms* A, 4.4.x 104m, B. 4.4 x 107m. C. 4.0 x 210%m, D.1.5 x 107m. [1989/57] 32. When light from a source is sent through a gas |. certain wavelengths are absorbed. II, an emission line spectrum results. Illa dark line is left. Which Of the following is/are correct? A. { only. 8. Ill only. G. Landi only, B. and ill only. (2998/54) The table below shows the energy distribution for Various levels of an atom. Use it to answer question 29, 30, 31, 33.834 Energy level {a} za] Energy (eV) “isi [0.85 | I= 66x10"; = €= 3.0 x 10% ms] 33. Caleulate the first excitation energy ofthe atom A 1.60:00""1.B. 1.02410"). ©1804 10", 0.102% 101. (2009/46) 24. ifthe atom de-xctes rom n=2, the wavelength ofthe emitted radiation 243 10" B.12x107 m.€.24410%m, 12 10%m, [2009/47] 35. Anatom radiates 15x05 of energy when an lect jumps from one energy level to anther. Whats the wavelength ofthe emitted radiation? (Planck's constant~ 6.6% 10" Speed of sound in tind x 10%me") A232 «10% 8.2.98. 10-m 15.32 10", B-8.01 x10". 197/59) 26. The minimum energy required to cause photo electric emission when the surface ofa metal Irradiated with electromagnetic radiation of suitable frequency s called A crea ence. B. ionization enery. © work function, D planes constant. [2013/47] 37, photon of wavelength XIs emitted when an electron nan atom makes a transition from a level of energy 26 to that of energy Ifthe electron transits from Eo, evel, determine the wavelength ofthe photon that would be eited.A 3 8,2. 6.5, Ds, (2001/44) 28. Which ofthe following statements about a neutral ‘om la correct? The A core composed of tlectrons and protons. numberof electrons i aual to that of neutrons. C. number of neutrons i hual to thet ef protons. Dumber of protons s equal to that of electrons{2019/46) 439, Nel Bohr drew certan conclusions about the Structure of the atom. Which ofthe fllowing Sfotementsts one of those conclusions? A. The sowed orbits contain the sme numberof spose: 8. Win an atom, there are certain 1220% J5}-A 1.24% 10 He. B, 2.93, 19), = 6.6% ve 20%hh 40!Hz, D, $:39* 10"He, (2023/3 allowed orbits. ll ofthe orbits represent the shia sat same amount of energy. D. The obit with the least 10 He. € 3.59 Ae toring experiment, a bear, energy is farthest from the nucleus. [2019/49] 43, In the Ruther as fired at a thin gold film and, 40, An atom s normally electrically neural because alpha particles We deflected considerably. ty” the A. number of electrons is equal to the number of the particles ere ae atom A. contain of protons. 8. numberof electrons is equal tothe Shows thatthe nucleus ofan atom A Soran number of neutrons, €. number of protons is equal srerns and leans due 92 ny une, tothe number of neutrons Delectrans ofthe atom By posively charged and I concentrated na tiny are buried deeply in the nucleus. (2004/46) a dstriouted 92 ny volume and em 41. If the kinetic energy ofan electron is 100 e V, what ce Diz concentated natty volume Isthe wavelength ofthe de-Broglie wave alpha Pins alpha particles. (2023/10) associated with it h= 6.6 x10""J, e= 1.6 X20" ad conan aa parte (7320 © me=9.4x10"*hg] A. 1.22 x10" mB, 41010 “4a, Anatom inan excited sist © OevN On 1m. 3.90 x 10 m D. 5.50x 10 m [2022/33] A. potential ene 7B I rie inn the conduction” 42. An electron moves from an energy level of-8.6eV jg maximum. ¢, electrons are on ed to 2 higher energy to another level of -3.5 eV. Determine the band. D. electrons have mo\ frequency of the absorbed radiation. [ 1 eV= 1.6 x level. (2023/24) Photoelectric Emission : ic because they forget to convert values of in problems under this topi 2. Candidates often fail calcula temperature in Celsius °C to Kelvin K. 3. Some candidates often fal to convert electron volt (eV) to joules when solving calculation problems leading to failure. Recall that 1 eV=1.6 x10), Example 1. Aphoto emissive surface has a threshold frequency of 4.02 x 10" Hz. Ifthe surface is illuminated by light of frequency 5.0 x10" He, calculate the: (i) threshold wavelength (il) work function (ii) Kinetic energy of the emitted photo electrons [ = 3.0 x 10" ms", h= 6.63 x 10™ Js] Solution (V=foho# RoE = SAIC, = 7.464107 (ii) W= bf, = 6.63 x 10 x 4.02 x10" = 2.6710" (il) K.€ = h(F-fo) = 6.63 x 10% (5.0x10"*- 4.02340") = 3.05 x 10" 5 THEORY 1. Anelectron of mass 9.1 x 10"kg moves velocity of 4.2 x 10” ms? between the cathode and x 10g] (2013/15) anode of an x-ray tube. Calculate the wavelength. The mass and wavelength of a mo (Take Planck’s constant h = 6.6 x 10s). [2000/10] 9.0.x 10"kg and 1.0 x 10m respectively. Calculate 2. (a) Assuming the wave nature of an electron, what the kinetic energy of the electron. is the effect of decreasing the speed of 9 [h=6.6 x 10" Js} (2001/8) a electron. h photoelectron on its; (a) wavelength? (8) energy. 7.‘ The diagram below represents the graph of {b) A particle of mass 4.4 x 10kg moves with a electron energy against the frequency of the velocity of 10 ms’. Calculate its wavelength. radiation incident on a metal surface. interpret (i) (h=6.6 x 10% Js) [2016/12] the slope of the graph (i) intercept OC (il) 3. An electron of charge 1.60 x 10™Cis accelerated intercept OK. under a potential difference of 1.0% 10° V. ‘i Calculate the energy of the electron in joules. (2008/7) fey 4, The accelerating potential ina cathode ray oscilloscope is 2.5 kV. Calculate the maximum ‘ speed of the accelerated electrons. ' [e=1.6 x 10" C; Me - 9.1 x 10 kg ] [2013/8] {a) In an x-ray tube, electrons are accelerated to the target by a potential difference of 80 kV. Calculate the: (i) speed of the electron (i) threshold wavelength of the electron. (b) An x-ray photon of frequency 4.5 x 10 strikes an electron, assumed to be at rest. f the electron absorbs all the photon ‘energy, calculate the speed acquired by the Presueney tte! [2001/9] 8. Light of wavelength 5.00 x 107%m is Ineldent on ‘material of work function 1.90 eV. Calculate (i) Photon energy (i) kinetic energy of the most energetic photo electron. (i) stopping potential {Planek’s constant h = 66x10} [c = 3,0xi0'ms", JeV= 1.64101] (2001/15)Einsteln’s equation of photog, Met (0) Whe" CONzErv at principle ge Gamtion 0 (CIUst three appro’ the cells [2008/45] tlons of pr abeled dlagram show 0) ‘imple eset photocell an, tration (0) AN electron jy deterasev tone aaacye te ulate the enerey and wavelength of eo ejradiation,Ih= exigent © ins eV = 26%20"} f2og9j "HOD ‘fray tube Operates at a poten sr Areuer of the tube Is 750 Wg ing th 1! expa tial of 2500 v, 1p leu he electron striking the target, (gr SPeed assof electron = 9.2 10" kp) f2gzajqy “10°C; Cation incident of a metal surface, ines ‘lope of the-graph; (b) intercept, mre pret the: erent, OK POC te) 1 piece o1a/e} gate two conditions under which photo-siect: peosa/7 14(a]Wrlte Einstein's photoelectric equation and entity each component of the equation, (b) For a photocell, state one factor each that is responsible for the: (i) emission. (ii) Rate of emission energy of photoelectrons. (c) A certain atom emits ultraviolet photon of wavelength 2.4 x 107m. {aleulate the energy of the photon (2014/12) 15 0) Explain photoelectric emission (b) State four applications of photoelectric emission. (c) Draw dnd label a diagram showing the structure of a simple type of a photocell and explain its mode of operation. (d) Ina photocell, no electrons an emitted until the threshold frequency of light is reached, Explain what happens to the energy of the light before emission of electrons [1992/4] [1997/4] 2003/15} 14a) Explain the terms: photoelectric emission and threshold frequency. (b) Einstein’s photoelectric ‘equation can be written as E = hf- hf. What does ‘ach of the symbols used in the equation above fepresent?(c) Calculate the frequency of the broton whose energy is required to ejecta surface electron with a kinetic energy of 1.97 x10 eV if the work function of the metal is 1.33 x 1"eV. (tev=16 x 10°; h = 6,60 x 104). (d) Ina Photoelectric cel, no electrons are emitted until the threshold frequency of light is reached. Explain what happens to the energy of the light fore emission of electrons begins. (ii) State one factor that may affect the numbers of emitted eetrons, (1989/4) i¢ potential difference between the cathode and ‘arget of an seray tube is 5.00 x 10°V and the fUttentin the tube is 2.00 x 10° A. Given that only Se percent ofthe total energy supplied is emitted * 1-radiation, determine the (i) maximum a Sauency of the emitted radiation (i) rate at which 's removed from the target in order to keep it y 2, 124 ata steady temperature [Plank’s constant, h= 6.63 %10%Is, electronic charge, e = 1.60x 10%C] (2004/15) 18. In an x-ray tube, an electron Is accelerated from ‘est towards a tungsten target biased at a potential ‘of 33 kV. Calculate for the electron (i the kinetic gnergy (it velocity. [h = 6.6 x 10°Is; Me = 9.1% 10" Kg; €= 3.0% 10%ms-1;0 = 16x10" €,] [2012/15] An electron of charge 1.60 x 10" C is accelerated ‘under a potential difference of 1.0 x 10° V. Calculate the energy of the electron in joules. (2011/2) . A certain metal of work function 1.6 eV Is irradiated with an ultra-violet light of wavelength 3.6 x 107 m, Calculate the maximum (I) kinetic energy of an ejected electron in joules (il) speed of, ‘an emitted electron (i) Ifthe source of the ultra~ violet light is moved away from the surface of the ‘metal, state the effect on the maximum speed of the ejected electron, (1 «V = 1.6 x 10" J; C= 3.0 10" ms; me=9.1 x 107 kg; h= 6.6» 10 Js) (2011/15) . (a) The diagram below represents a photocell with its associated electric circuit. (i) Identify each of the physical quantities represented by the letters A, B, C, D, Eand F. (i) What factor determines the current produced by the photocell (i) maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons? (€) State one similarity and one difference between photoemission and evaporation. (4) Name two methods by which a beam of free electrons may be produced other than photoemission. [1998/4] Light of wavelength 4.5 x 10” mis incident on a ‘metal resulting in the emission of photoelectrons. If the work function of the metal is 3.0% 20" 3, calculate thefi) frequency of the incident light (i) energy of the incident light (ii) energy of the photoelectrons. [Speed of light = 3.0 x 10" ms‘ 6.6 x 10°" Js] [2018/12] A black body radiates maximum energy when its surface temperature T and the corresponding wavelength Amare related by the equation, Ans T constant. Given the values of the constant and surface temperature as 2.9 x 10? mK and 57° respectively, calculate the frequency of the energy radiated (2018/6) {a) The diagram below illustrates a structure of a typical photocell, (i) Identify each of the parts labelled A and B. (i) State one function each of A. and B. (i) Einstein's photoelectric equation can be written as E= hf We. State what each of the terms E, hf and We represents. (b) A photon is incident on. a metal whose work function is 1.320V. An electri {emitted from the surface with a maximum Kinetic energy of 1.976V. Calculate the frequency ofthe photon. (2019/12) When light of frequency 5.4 x 10" H: Is Incident on ‘a metal surface, the maximum energy of the ‘emitted electrons Is 1.2 x 101, Calculate the minimum frequency of radiation for which electrons can be emitted. [h = 6.6 x 10s} [2020/12] (a) Explain the statement, the work function of sodium is 2.0 eV. (b) Light of wavelength 160 nm Is shone on the surface of a sodium metal of work furiction 2.0 eV. Determine whether 25. 26. op) 1. An electron of charge 1.6 x10"°C Is accelerated in vacuum from rest at zero volt towards a plate at A0KV. Calculate the kinetic energy of the electron. A. 4x 10%), B, 4 x 10°, C, 6.4 x 101.0. 6.4 10") (1988/58) [1991/57] A500 kV is applied cross an X-ray tube. Calculate 2 the maximum velocity the electrons produced. [Me= 9.1 x 10° kg. e = 1.6 x10" C) A.4.2.x 108 ms, B, 1,8 x 10* ms. C. 4.2 x 10° ms". D.1.8x 10 ms". (2006/47) 3. Anelectron is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 7OKV in a vacuum. Calculate the maximum speed acquired by the electron (electronic charge =-1.6 x 10°C, mass of an electron = 9.1 x 10%kg) A. 3.00 x 10%ms". B. 2.46x 10°ms#. C. 1.57« 10'ms*. D. 1.32x 10%ms*, (1998/53) 4, Ametal is illuminated with a radiation of energy 6.88eV. If the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is 1.50eV, calculate the work function of the metal. A, 0.220V. B. 4.592V. C. 5.38eV. D. 8.38eV. [1990/56] 5. Calculate the energy carried by an X-ray of wavelength 6.0 x 10"%m (Plank’s constant = 6.6.x 10s, velocity of light = 3.0 x 10%ms")) A. 3.3 x 10 424.p, 3.3 x 10%)-C. 1.1 X 10%. D, 3.3.x 10% 1995/58} ‘A metal has work function of 4.375 eV. Calculate its threshold frequency, (h = 6.6 x 10"Js; 1eV = 1.6 x 104) A. 2.01 x 10"H2. B, 1.06 x 10" H2, C. 6.30 10!Hz. D. 1.60x 10"Hz. [1999/45] 7. When a metal surface is irradiated, photoelectrons may be ejected from the metal. The kinetic energy of the ejected electrons depends on the A. source of the radiation. B. intensity of the radiation. C. detection device for the electrons. D. frequency of the radiation. (1991/56). * ‘The work function of a metal ‘s 4.65eV and the metal is illuminated with a radiation of 6.86eV. What is the kinetic energy of the electrons ejected from the surface of the metal? A. 1.48eV. B. 2.21 eV. C. 4.42eV. D. 5.75eV, [1991/59] 9. The work function of a metal is 8.6 x 10" J. Calculate the wavelength of its threshold frequency (Speed of light in vacuum = 3 x 10" ms", Planck's sil be emitted. photoes ont yes 0"N 12021712) a eae ee an eecrons accleat z I target by a 30 kV source, Towards amet reat toma netic energ f the electron. x19%C] ows the frequencies of ip) The table below shows {o) Te a ree ona certain matal andthe kinetic energies of the corresponding 6. 0. photoelectrons. Frequency x 10"(H2)_| Vertical axls and frequency, sonthe horizontal axis | starting both axes from the origin (0.0). Kineetic energy * 10° {tt) From the graph, determine the: | ae constant; Il. threshold frequency of radiations; Ml, work funetion of the metal. [2022/12] [52 [300 | 24 }29 Fy constant = 6.6 x 10° Js) A. 0.8 x 10 'm. B. 1.0 * 10 tm. 2.34 10 'm, D. 3.x 10 'm, (1994/60) 410, The work function of a metal Is 2.56 x 10"7J- Caleulate the frequency of a photon whose energy is required to eject from the metal an electron with Kinetic energy of 3.0 eV. (2eV = 1.6 x10" J; h = 6.6 x 10 Js} A. 5.56 x 10" H2. B. 1.66 x10" Mz. C, 1.12 10" He. D. 8.42 x 10" He. (2013/46) 11, An electron of mass 9.1 x 10 "kg moves with a Speed of 10” ms", Calculate the wavelength of the associated wave. [h = 6.6 x 10" Js} A. 9.10 10" mB. 4.55 x 10" m.C. 7.25 x10" m. . 6.20 x 10*m. (2009/50) 12, When light falls on a metallic surface, the number of electrons that may be emitted would depend solely on the A. area of the metallic surface. B. frequency of the light. C. intensity of the light D. time of exposure of the metallic surface to light 12002/47} 13, An electron moves with a speed of 2.0 x 10* ms* in 2a straight line. Calculate the wavelength of the electron wave, [mass of an electron = 9.1 x 10" kg] [Planek’s constant = 6.6x10™ Js} ‘A. 3.63 10m. B.6.51 x10" m €.4.24 x 10% m. D, 7.25 x 10% m. (2010/46) 14. in a photocell, light energy is converted to A. electrical energy. B. chemical Che: rey. D. mechanical energy. [1997/42] 15. If Einstein's photoelectric equation is represented by hf - W = 0 where his Planck’s constant, f the frequency of incident radiation and W the work function of the material, what does the symbol © stand for? A. Energy of the photons. B. Maximum Kinetic energy of the ejected electrons. C. Threshold frequency of the photons, D. Stopping potential of the electrons. (1993/53) 16. A metal with a work function of 3,0 eV is irradiated with ultraviolet light of energy 4.0eV. The kinetic energy of the ejected electron is A. LO eV. B. 3.0 eV. C. 4.0 eV. D. 7,0 eV. [2012/47] 17. For photoelectric emission, the threshold frequency is the A. maximum frequency of incident radiation that will eject electrons. B. minimum frequency of incident radiation required to eject electrons. C. frequency which results in the emissior 15ape greater OUMBEF Of eee, afyen impacts BreOLeSt king a fron, (2011/36) secre othe OWING evens br roelectric effect notapaticatige Principte of etsfon camera. B. burglar gene’ & O8e-eut prverscope: (2004/87) solar ces, pt ot enerBY 5.0 CV falls on a me, sn fMaaion 3.0 eV and electrons are grey of Work ermine the SOPBINE Potentig, ree » [electronic e= 1.60% 10" Ca. 3 > .15:0V: (2005/48) V.8.20V.ca0v, ‘emass of a proton Is 2. cn Sean ot ecbiiing the nucleus of nitropee ne Y CvoWed Number 14 with 7 protons and 7 neues Might = 3.0 20"ms"; 1u= 7,67 xagenny EPEC 10x10" 1.8.3.331 x10], earl 332 30%). (2005/49) 610% ).D, “which of the following situation i ome uate hte Switching on light at dusk, Il, Automatic ae ‘witching on alFonditiotiers. 1V. Automatic voltage stabilization. A. Land IV only. B. Lit Wan ella Von). .1and ton ena surfaces, particles are emitted. These particles oe r {alled A. positrons. B. protons € photoelectrons. D. photons.(2019/48) b. ticenergy gaminer’s Corner 23. Which of the following statements about photoelectrons is correct? A. A faint green light roduces photoelectrons with less kinetic eneray than a bright red light. B. A red light releases 2 smaller number of electrons than a green light. C.A faint green light produces photoelectrons with Breater kinetic energy thana bright red light. D. A red light produces more photoelectrons than @ ‘green light.(2020/34) 24. An electron of mass 9.1 x 10kg is travelling at 2 speed of 2.0 x 10'ms". Calculate the associated ‘wavelength of the electron. [h = 6.6 x 10% Js] ‘A. 3.63 x 10m B, 3.63 x 104m C. 3.63 x 107m D. 6.89 x 10%m,{2020/42] 25. In photoelectric effect, the number of electrons, ‘emitted per second from a metallic surface is proportional to the A. intensity of the incident radiation. B, frequency of the incident radiation. C. energy of the incident radiation. D. work function of the metal. (2020/49 26. A body of mass, M, moving with velocity, V, has & ‘wavelength, A, associated witht. This phenomenon Is called A. photoelectric effect. B, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. C. Compton effect. D. wave-particle paradox [2022/21] 27. When an electron jumps directly from an orbit of 9. = 4ton=2, A.a photon is emitted. B. a photon is absorbed. C, two photons are emitted. 0. two photons are absorbed. (2023/44) Radioactivity 1, When defining half life, some candidates wrongly replace element with atom to score no mark. 2. Due to poor grasp of multiplication of fractions, candidates often struggle with calculation questions involving half fife, THEORY 1. Aplece of ancient bone from an excavation site showed 14C activity of 9.5 disintegrations per minute per 3.0 x 107kg. Ifa bone specimen froma living creature shows ''C activity of 12.0 disintegrations per minute per 1.0 x 10°K&, determine the age of the ancient bone. (Half-life of fc =5572 years] [2017/12] 2. Thediagram below shows part of a radioactive decay series, Use it to answer the following questions. ‘Nucleon number (A) it nib abe Proton number (2) (Name a pair of isotopes. (i) Name the Isotopes with which the series starts. (lil) Write down 3 tuclear equation for two examples of each of {a} alpha decay; (B) beta decay [206/32] | hen nitrogen {atomic mass = 34, atomic number =7)|s bombarded with neutrons, the collisions: "sult in disintegrations in which alpha particles are produced. Represent this transmutation in a Eymbolie equation 2001/15) How does a radioactive atom differ from a stable one? [2001/35] Explain haf life (2003/25) ‘Asample of radioactive material has a halflife of 35 days. Caleulate the fraction of the original quantity that will remain after 105 days. (2004/25) 7. Define half life [2002/15] 3, Give the expression that relates the half life, T, and the decay constant, A ofa radioactive material, [2002/15] 9, A radioactive element X with atomic number 88 sind mes number 226 emits in succession: () an Sinha partite, i). a beta particle and (i) gamma radiation Explain using equations where frecessary, the changes that take place In the rome structure ofthe element at each stage. [2002/15] 10, Two nuclear equations below ge HEP + $Me wn equation A : hag) 9218 po MX owns eQUaBONB Determine the values of (a) p and qin equation A, {B)m and n in equation B and identify X 2014/12] 13, Give a reason why itis important to depostt radioactive waste safely (2014/12) 12. The following nuclear equations represent two types of radioactivity. {Equation A) 126