PRACTICE 1

QUESTION 1

1. Some businessmen believe that the location of the office building plays an important role in
deciding their fortune.
Salim Radzi, The Business Link (2007)

Answer for in-text citation

Narrative citation: According to Salim Radzi (2007)____________.

Parenthetical citation: ____________ (Salim Radzi, 2007).

QUESTION 2

1. The clearing of the rainforest has brought about catastrophic consequences to the
environment.
Choo, K.L., The World and You (2008)

Answer for in-text citation

Narrative citation: As stated by Choo (2008)____________.

Parenthetical citation: ____________ (Choo, 2008).

QUESTION 3

1. The education of undergraduates is different from the education in school; undergraduates

learn under the tutelage of numerous professors of diverse expertise.
Nair, V., The Global Education (2005)

Answer for in-text citation

Narrative citation: Nair (2005) mentioned that____________.

Parenthetical citation: ____________ (Nair, 2005).

Clarification for question 2 & 3:

Choo, K.L is one person.

Same goes to Nair, V.

Choo is the author surname, K is his first initial and L is the middle initial.

It is a format as in the reference list at the end of the paper/book, as in

Eg:
Choo, K.L (2008). The World and you. (2nd edition). American Physcological Association.

In in-text citation, we just take the author surname.

PRACTICE 2

Question 1
1. Many medical treatments and procedures are developed from experiments performed on
animals. Since animals share many features with humans, scientists use animals to test the
safety and effectiveness of newly developed drugs before pilot testing them on small groups
of patients. Without animal testing, many procedures or new drugs would be extremely
unsafe.
Teo Kim Mun, Treatments and Testing (2006)

Answer for in-text citation

Narrative citation:Teo (2006) found that ____________.

Parenthetical citation: ____________ (Teo, 2006).

Question 2
1. Youths today are used to having information passed to them on a silver platter. Not many
youths like to read anymore because it involves too much work. My peers hate to read, not
only because there are words involved in that activity, but also because it is difficult for them
to visualize the world presented in the book. It is also impossible for them to focus on a book
because they have short attention spans. Television, on the other hand, presents to them a
different world every 30 minutes, which holds their attention. This leaves them with no
mental work to do, except to decide which channel they would like to watch.
Akmar Saad, The Reading Dilemma (2008)
Answer for in-text citation

Narrative citation:Akmar Saad (2008) mentioned ____________.

Parenthetical citation: ____________ (Akmar Saad, 2008).
Mistakes found in your paraphrasing exercise. I put it here so that you won’t repeat the same
mistake. (Here is do’s and don’ts)

1. Do: Everytime you paraphrase the original sources, you MUST include in-text citation to
give credit to the original author/s’ works.

Don’ts: no in-text citation after paraphrased as shown below.

2. Do’s: In in-text citation,
- the period (.) is after the bracket for parenthetical citation.
- and there is space after between author & year as in (author, year) for parenthetical
citation or author (year) for narrative citation.

Don’ts: as shown below

Period after bracket, space after comma

Period after bracket, space after comma

The format for parenthetical citation is (author, year) both inside the bracket.

Space before open bracket

"........rainforest (Choo, 2007).

Period after bracket, space after comma

Period after bracket, space between & and soace after comma

.......plagiarism (Helen & Diane, 2023).

3. Do’s:
In in-text citation, include name of the author and year ONLY.
(Except for certain cases such as no author mentioned in the journal article).

(National Institute of Drug Abuse & National Issues of Health, 2023).

4. Do’s: Use the author’s surname (for English name, Koreans, Japanese, Chinese)
Don’ts: write full name (except those without surname like Malay & Indian)

Surname

5. Do: refer APA format when it come to in-text citation.

Don’t do as below:

If you are using parenthetical citation you should use symbol '&' as in ----> (Anderson & Lee, 2018)
'and' use in narrative citation

This is not APA format for in-text citation

This is not APA format for in-text citation. This more like references format?
 Che Mohd Zulkifli & Shanmuganathan Rajoo, 2016)

This is not APA format for in-text citation