Femoral angle of inclination

The angle resulting from the intersection of a line down the long shaft of the femur and a line drawn through the neck of the femur.
Typically, the normal adult has an angle of inclination between 120 and 125 degrees, it usually is closer to 125 in the elderly.
An increase in this angle, greater than 125 degrees, results in coxa valga, and a decrease is called coxa vara.
• Coxa vara is as a varus deformity of the femoral neck. It is defined as the angle between the neck and shaft of the femur being less than 110
– 120 ° (which is normally between 135 ° - 145 °) in children
• Coxa vara has many etiologies: congenital, acquired, and developmental. Congenital coxa vara (CCV), also referred to as infantile or cervical
coxa vara, is a condition in which a varus deformity exists that is assumed to be caused by either an embryonic limb bud abnormality or an
intrauterine condition causing significant proximal femoral varus. CCV is, by definition, present at birth but manifests clinically during early
childhood and commonly follows a clinical course that is progressive with growth.
• Coxa valga is a deformity of the hip in which the angle between the femoral shaft and the femoral neck is increased compared to age-
adjusted values (about 150 degrees in newborns gradually reducing to 120-130 degrees in adults).
• Effect of abductors muscle

Coxa Valga
moment arm decrease results force from the muscles increase results Tension and muscles fatigue
Coxa Vara
moment arm increase results force produces from the muscles decrease.