Proposition and

Compound Proposition

Prepared by:
Engr. Daniel Andrew B. Gagarin
PRE-ACTIVITY
Objectives:
To define proposition;
To illustrate a proposition; and
To identify whether a sentence is a proposition or not.
What is a Proposition?
It is a declarative sentence or statement that can be either true or false BUT it can’t be
both.
If the proposition is true, then truth value is true and denoted by T.
If the proposition is false, then truth value is false and denoted by F.
Oftentimes, a small letter is used to denote a proposition. That is,
a: It is getting clearer.
may be read as “a is the proposition “It is getting clearer.“.
A sequence of propositions may be denoted by 𝒑𝟏 , 𝒑𝟐 , 𝒑𝟑 , … .
EXAMPLES
Determine if the sentence is a proposition or not. If it is, give its
truth value.

a: Getting 8 hours of sleep is

beneficial to a person.
EXAMPLES
Determine if the sentence is a proposition or not. If it is, give its
truth value.

b: Forgive and forget.

EXAMPLES
Determine if the sentence is a proposition or not. If it is, give its
truth value.

c: Merry Christmas and Happy New

Year !
EXAMPLES
Determine if the sentence is a proposition or not. If it is, give its
truth value.

d: Storms don’t last forever.

EXAMPLES
Determine if the sentence is a proposition or not. If it is, give its
truth value.

e: Every cloud has a silver lining.

EXAMPLES
Determine if the sentence is a proposition or not. If it is, give its
truth value.

p: 3 + 4 = 7
EXAMPLES
Determine if the sentence is a proposition or not. If it is, give its
truth value.

𝒙
q: 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙−𝟏
EXAMPLES
Determine if the sentence is a proposition or not. If it is, give its
truth value.

𝒑𝟏 : Either logic is fun and

interesting or it is boring.
EXAMPLES
Determine if the sentence is a proposition or not. If it is, give its
truth value.

𝒑𝟐 : If you are grade 11 ABM

student, then you’re a Filipino.
EXAMPLES
Determine if the sentence is a proposition or not. If it is, give its
truth value.

𝒑𝟑 : If you are more than 60 years old,

then you are entitled of the privilege of
Senior Citizen’s Card.
Simple and Compound Proposition
A compound is a proposition that is formed by combining two or more
simpler proposition using logical connectives. These logical
connectives include the words like “and“, “or“, “not“, “if….then“, and
“if and only if.“
A proposition is simple if it cannot be broken down any further into
other component propositions.
EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE PROPOSITION
Mindanao is an island in the Philippines.
My seatmate will get a perfect score in the Logic exam.
9 + 6 = 15
𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙−𝟏
EXAMPLE OF COMPOUND PROPOSITION
NEGATION : ¬ 𝒑𝟏
𝒑𝟏 : It is not the case the 𝟐 is a rational number.
𝒑𝟏 : not r
Simple component: 𝒑𝟏 : 𝟐 is a rational number.
EXAMPLE OF COMPOUND PROPOSITION
CONJUNCTION : f ⋀ i
DISJUNCTION :⋁ b
𝒑𝟐 : Either logic is fun and interesting, or it is boring.
𝒑𝟐 : f and i, or b.
Simple component:
𝒇: Logic is fun
𝒊: Logic is interesting
𝒃: Logic is boring
EXAMPLE OF COMPOUND PROPOSITION
Conditional : h → g
𝒑𝟑 : If you study hard, then you will get a good grades.
𝒑𝟑 : if h, then g.
Simple component:
𝒉: You study hard.
𝒈: You will get a good grades.
EXAMPLE OF COMPOUND PROPOSITION
𝒑𝟒 : If you are more than 60 years old, then you are entitled to
a Senior citizen’s Card, and if you are entitled to a Senior
citizen’s card, then you are more than 60 years old..
𝒑𝟒 : (if a, then b) and (if b, then a)
Simple component:
𝒂: You are more than 60 years old.
𝒃: You are entitled to a Senior Citizen’s Card.
EXAMPLE OF COMPOUND PROPOSITION
Biconditional : g ↔ h
𝒑𝟓 : You will get a good grades IF AND ONLY IF you study hard.
𝒑𝟓 : g IF AND ONLY IF h
Simple component:
𝒈: You will get a good grades
𝒉: You study hard.
QUIZ (20 PTS)
Write the equivalent symbol and simple component of the following
compound proposition.

16. 𝒑𝟏 : If you are grade 11 ABM student, then you’re a

Filipino.
Write the equivalent symbol and simple component of the following
compound proposition.

17. 𝒑𝟐 : Either Math is fun and interesting or it is boring.

Write the equivalent symbol and simple component of the following
compound proposition.

18. 𝒑𝟑 : If you obtained a general average of 90, then you

are included in the honor roll.
Write the equivalent symbol and simple component of the following
compound proposition.

19. 𝒑𝟒 : It is not the case that simply slower equal more

efficient.
Write the equivalent symbol and simple component of the following
compound proposition.

20. 𝒑𝟓 : You are an ABM student IF AND ONLY IF you are

good at Mathematics.