Project Work

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MANUALLY OPERATED PAPER POT
PLANT TRANSPLANTING MACHINE

Submitted to
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi
1st assessment of project work phase II in partial fulfillment

For the requirement for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Mechanical Engineering
Under the Guidance of

Prof. PURUSHOTHAM S
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT Mysore
Submitted by
Kaushik P 4MH16ME048
Manohar V N 4MH16ME056
Niranjan B 4MH16ME072
2019 - 2020
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE
Behind K.R Mills, SrirangapatnaTaluk, Mandya-571477
2019-2020
Certificate
This is to certify that project work entitled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

MANUALLY OPERATED PAPER POT PLANT TRANSPLANTING MACHINE” carried
out by Kaushik P, Manohar V N, Niranjan B are the bonafied students of MAHARAJA
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MYSORE, and this report is partial fulfillment for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING of
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAVI during the year 2019-
2020.
Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD

Purushotham S Dr. Mohammed Khaisar
Asst. Professor, Dept. of Prof. & HOD, Dept. of
Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering,
MIT Mysore MIT Mysore
Name of the Examiner: Signature with date
1.………………………………… …………………………….
2.……………………………….. . …………………………….
DECLARATION
We, KAUSHIK P, MANOHAR V N, NIRANJAN B of 8th Semester

Mechanical Engineering, Maharaja Institute of Technology-Mysuru hereby
declare that the project work entitled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF
MANUALLY OPERATED PAPER POT PLANT TRANSPLANTING
MACHINE” is an authentic record of the work that has been carried out at the
under the guidance of Mr. PURUSHOTHAM S, Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maharaja Institute of Technology-
Mysuru.
The work contained in this report has not been submitted in part or full to
any other university or institution or professional body for the award of any
degree or diploma or fellowship.
DATE:
PLACE: MYSURU Name with signature
NAME USN Signature
KAUSHIK P 4MH16ME048
MANOHAR V N 4MH16ME056
NIRANJAN B 4MH16ME072
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Any accomplishment achieved does not rest entirely on individual endeavours

but on the direction, inspiration, and support of intellectuals, guides, and teacher.
Numerous personalities, in their own aptitude , have helped us in carrying out this
project work. We intend to take an opportunity to thank them all.
At the very outset, we owe gratitude to our beloved Dr. MOHAMED

KHAISAR, HoD, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT-Mysore
We would like to express our colossal gratitude to Dr. B G NARESH KUMAR,

Principal, MIT-Mysore, for his help and inspiration during the tenure of the
course.
We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to our guide Prof.

PURUSHOTHAM S, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, MIT-Mysore, without his valuable suggestions, technical expertise
and constant encouragement it would not have been possible.
We also extend our sincere thanks to all the faculty member of Department of
Mechanical Engineering, MIT-Mysore, for their constant encouragement and
backing.
Finally, We would like to thank our family, supporting members, teaching and
non-teaching staff of Mechanical Engineering Department and all my friends
directly or indirectly helped us in completion of our project.
By:
Kaushik P
Manohar V N
Niranjan B
ABSTRACT
The paper pot transplanter machine is an innovative, labour and time saving technology. It
relies on using paper pot that are connected in a chain so that they feed themselves through the
transplanter. The transplanter itself is hand-pulled manually operated machine. It can take
around 260 plants in the tray and put in the ground in less than 5 minutes i.e 33 seedlings in
just 40 seconds. All this operation are carried out while walking upright ( no kneeling, crawling
or stopping) the transplanter opens a narrow furrower and the paper chain goes down into the
furrow , and the plants are covered by soil by a pair of metal flanges (wings). At the start of a
row , the lead cell of a paper pot chain are pulled down into the furrow , staked to hold it in
place , and then pull the transplanter forward. The transplanter all will follow each other into
the ground.
NOMENCLATURE
SYMBOLS CAPTION UNITS
σyt1 Yield stress of mild steel Mpa
L length inch
B width inch
F0 Mass of total pots N
A0 Area of tray containing paper pots N/mm2
W1 Total load N
W2 Load due to tray and support on rear wheel N
F1 Force required to overcome the rolling friction of front N
F2 Force required to overcome the rolling friction by rear wheel N
F Force due to rolling tire in loose sand
r1 Let radius of front tire mm
r2 Let radius of rear tire mm
F3 Force required to pull the anchor N
m Total load of transplanter and paper pot N
a Average man walking speed m/sec
F Total horizontal force N
σ Tensile stress on pull handle N/m2
σyl2 Yield stress of galvanized steel Mpa
A1 Surface area of handle m2
D Diameter of handle m
L1 length of handle m
σall Allowable stress N/m2
τ Induced shear stress Mpa

LIST OF FIGURES
SL.NO NAME OF THE FIGURE FIGURE NO PAGE NO
1 Working of paper pot transplanting machine 1.2 2
2 Resultant force acting on handle 5.1 10
3 2D and 3D diagram of front wheel assembly 6.1 14

4 2D and 3D diagram of pull handle 6.2 14
5 2D and 3D diagram of tray 6.3 15
6 2D and 3D diagram of ramp 6.4 15
7 2D and 3D diagram of main body and furrower support 6.5 16
8 2D and 3D diagram of carry handle 6.6 17
9 2D and 3D diagram of furrower 6.7 17
10 2D and 3D diagram of wings 6.8 18
11 2D and 3D diagram of support link 6.9 18
12 2D and 3D diagram of rear wheel link 6.10 19
13 2D and 3D diagram of rear wheel 6.11 19
14 2D and 3D diagram of paper pots 6.12 20
15 2D and 3D diagram of assembled transplanter 6.13 21
16 3D rendered diagram of assembled transplanter 6.14 21
17 3D diagram of exploded view of transplanter 6.15 22
18 Preparation of paper pot with seedlings 7.1 23
19 Preparation of soil bed 7.2 24
20 Anchoring of paper pots 7.3 25
21 Testing of transplanter 8.1 26
22 Testing with 33 paper pots of radish seedlings 8.2 26
23 After transplanting 33 seedlings of radish 9.1 27

LIST OF TABLES
SL.NO TABLE NAME TABLE NO PAGE NO
1 Design of paper pots (Radish 5.1 12

seedlings)
2 Details for in row spacing of 6.1 19
different planting seed
3 Cost estimation of individual 10.1 28
component
CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO CHAPTER NAME PAGENO

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Paper pot transplanter 1
1.2 Working 2
1.3 Advantages 2
1.4 Disadvantages 3
1.5 Application 3
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 4
3 PROBLEM DEFINITION 6
4 OBJECTIVE 7
5 METHODLOGY 8
5.1 Design calculation 9
6 FABRICATION DETAILS 13
6.1 Material details 13
7 STEP TO BE FOLLOWED IN STARTING 23

THE TRANSPLANTION
7.1 Preparing and seeding with paper pot tray 23
7.2 Soil bed preparation 23
8 TESTING 25
8.1 Testing of transplanter 25
8.2 Testing of transplanter with paper pots 25
9 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS 27
10 COST ESTIMATION 28
11 CONCLUSION 29
REFERENCES 30
Design and fabrication of manually operated paper pot plant transplanting machine
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm
output. About 175 types of vegetables are grown in India, produce 14% (146.55 million tons) of
world’s vegetables and have 15% (8.5 million hectares) of world’s area under vegetables.
Productivity of vegetables in India (17.3 tons/hectare) is less than the world average productivity
(18.8 tons/hectare) in 2013-2014. Seeds of crops like cowpea, okra, carrot etc. are either drilled
or planted directly however, most of the vegetables crops like tomato, onion, chili, brinjal,
cauliflower, cabbage etc. are transplanted.
Transplanting is practice which involves the placing of seedlings either on ridge or well prepared
seedbed, such that they starts establishing their roots and survive as a separate plant. Seedlings
for transplanting purposes are raised on beds in which seeds are broadcasted or dibbled in lines.
According to the requirement of the procedure followed for transplanting of a particular crop or
method. Seedlings are then uprooted manually when they are about 4-10 weeks old and
transplanted in fields, transplanting of seedling is a manual and labor-intensive operation. Timely
transplanting of vegetable crops is essential for higher yields. A survey conducted to access
mechanization gaps in the seeding, planting and transplanting of vegetable crops indicated that
Indian vegetable transplanter. The average vegetable grower in India mainly belong to small and
medium category of farmers.
1.1 Paper pot transplanter

Paper pot is for seedling material and consisted of special paper, and each pot is in chain. Paper
pot is made by paper only, so it can supply air and water quality to plant root. It is easily make
healthy seeding.
When transplanting, seedling put in field with paper pot. It means that don’t remove paper. So it
protects a root and it help to be initial growing, especially for non-healthy seeding and young
seeding.
Transplanter is a machine. So very simple and easy to use, also no need maintenance. It will be
easy working for transplanter, as well as good for body.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT Mysore Page 1

1.2 Working
The paper pot transplanter works on similarly to a direct seeder in design. There is a furrower in
the front that makes a trough, the plants are fed through a channel to drop into trough, and there
are two wings that push the soil back around the plants, two wheels at the tail end lightly
compact the soil around the plants. Instead of a seed hopper, there is a large tray space for tray of
transplant to feed out of. The key part, and namesake, of this design is paper pot tray that the
seeds are planted into these little paper pots are actually loops attached into a chain that looks
similar to a honeycomb. The paper pots unchain as you move the transplanter, feeding
themselves through the transplanter.
Fig 1.1 Working of paper pot transplanting machine
1.3 Advantages
a) The paper pot is that can use it for many different crops.
b) Maintains the uniform spacing between rows while operation.

c) The paper chain pots can be made in 2,4 or 6 inch in row spacing.
d) Transplant about 264 seeding’s in less than a 5minute.
e) The paper is organic, holds up well until transplanting, then decomposes once in ground.
f) It can be operated by single person and avoids human errors.
1.4 Disadvantages
a) The paper pot transplanter works best in loose soil that doesn’t have too many rocks or
detritus.
b) Occasionally, if chain will break or detritus will have stuck under furrower and slow
down the transplantation.
c) Minor manual operational adjustments are required.
1.5 Application
a) Paper pot transplanter can be used for both small scale farming and large agricultural
fields.
b) The paper pot transplanter can be used for radish, cabbage, cauliflower, onion, and herbs
etc...

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
Suman T U, Supreeth P et al. [1] investigated the automated baby transplanting machine. It was
found that the planting machine works on the principle of slider crank mechanism. It converts
rotary mechanism from the ground wheels to the reciprocating motion of cylinders which are
present at the front end of the machine which is used for making cavity on the soil surface to
feed the plants. A conveyer mechanism is used to place the plants and feed them into the field.
Power to this conveyer is also taken from the ground wheels. It was concluded that the planting
machine was taken to the real field and the planting process is carried out on 33x33 feet land it
completes planting in 12mins and it completes one acre of land in about 8 hours where in manual
operation needs at least of 15hours to complete the same land.
Carpenter G, Byale N A et al. [2] investigated the manually operated single row vegetable
transplanter for vegetable seedlings. The experimental design consists of jaw assembly, delivery
pipe, lever, handle, spacing marker and frame, operating principle of the vegetable transplanter
upto one feet height and allow to free fall in the soil, dropping the seeding delivery tube, pressing
the lever in upward direction which enables the jaw to open the soil and seeding was placed in
the soil by gravity and lifting the transplanter with open jaw and close after raising the
transplanter by one feet height. It was evaluated for inner and intra-row spacing of 45x45cm and
60x60cm. it was concluded that vegetable transplanter found more suitable for vegetable
transplanting as compared to traditional method of manual transplanting.
Manjunath Pai, Sandesh Sharma et al. [3] investigated the semi-automated vegetable planting
machine. It was found that the entire arrangement of planting machine is connected together with
tractor moves forward the grounding wheel will be rotated. The rotary motion of the ground
wheel will be transmitted to the metering mechanism through the power transmitted system and
also seed spacing and depth of seed placement vary from crop to crop for different agro-climate
conditions so machine is pushed. Power wheel is rotating which transmit power to plunger
through chain and sprocket mechanism. Cam is mounted on sprocket shaft which push plunger
downward direction. Once plunger is penetrating in the soil and during backward stroke flapper

is open so seed get separated from plunger that seed can be placed uniformly in a row with
required distance between plants.
P.V Thoart, K.B Jhala et al.[4] investigated the manually operated two row trolley type vegetable
transplanter . the experimental design consists of frame, hallow delivery tube, jaw, actuating
ring, levers, tray platform, dead weight stand, handle, wheels. It was found that the jaw is main
operational part of vegetable transplanter which was fitted at the bottom of hallow delivery tubes
(4 numbers) for transplanting. It was concluded that the maximum field efficiency of 86.755%
was obtained for 4-week age seedlings on bare bed. Minimum cost of operation was considered
₹672.74 for 6-week age of seedlings on mulch bed. Maximum cost transplanting for 1000
seedlings using the vegetable transplanter was observed to be ₹114.43 as against ₹156.38 when
done manually.
2.1 Summary of literature survey
With reference to literature survey we came to know that plant transplanting machine works
either manually operating or connected together with the tractor with provision provided in the
machine. Transplanting of plant are actuated by various mechanism like slider crank mechanism
through chain and sprocket arrangement etc. By using this type of arrangement one can achieve
transplanting of plant with good efficiency, consuming less time compared to traditional planting
method and accurate in-row spacing is obtained.

CHAPTER 3
PROBLEM DEFINITION
The average yield of vegetables in india is still lower than that in many Asian countries.
Transplanting of plants in manual is labour-intensive operation. In peak seasons due
unavailability of labours, timely transplanting is not possible. Cost of labours being increased
day by day and therefore manual transplanting is becoming uneconomical. Proposed transplanter
was designed on the basis of morphological parameters of seedlings, agronomical requirements
and ergonomical consideration for transplanting plants at a time.

CHAPTER 4
OBJECTIVES
a) Design of paper pot for desired planting conditions.

b) Design and fabrication of manually operated paper pot plant transplanting machine.

CHAPTER 5
METHODOLOGY
The procedure mentioned in flow chart will be followed during design and fabrication of the
product
2D and 3D DESIGN
MATERIAL SELECTION
FABRICATION
ASSEMBLY
TESTING

5.1 Design calculation
Design of paper pot transplanter
Load due to weight of transplanter
1) Load due to digging of soil

2) Load to pull transplanter
5.1.1 Design of tray
a) Selection of material
Mild steel 20gauge, σyt1=150Mpa
Density=7891.093 Kg/m3
20 gauge=0.953 mm
Assume total 264 paper pot contains in tray
One paper pot mass=30 grams
Mass of total pots F0=264*30 =7920 grams =7.92kg =77.6952 N
Area of tray containing paper pots, A0= L*B

= 24*12
= 288 sq inch= 185806.08mm2
Compressive stress on frame = F0/A0
=77.6952/185806.08
= 4.1815*10-4 N/mm2 = 418.1520 N/m2
Therefore, yield stress is greater than induced stress tray design is safe
• Force required to pull the tray
a. Friction force in rolling
1) Force due to rolling tire in loose sand= 0.2-0.4
Lets radius of front tire=101.6mm
Total load = load of paper pot +load of tray
Load of tray= 1kg = 9.81N

It is distributed on two front wheel=9.81/2=4.905 N
Load of paper pot on each wheel =77.6952/2=38.8476N
Therefore, Total load W1=4.905+38.8476=43.7526N
Force required to overcome the rolling friction of front wheel

F1=f*W1/r1=0.4*43.7526/101.6 = 0.1722 N/mm= 172.25 N/m
Total two front wheel required = 172.25 N/m force
Let radius of rear tire r2= 76.2mm
Load due to tray and support on rear wheel W2 = 1kg =9.81N
Force required to overcome the rolling friction by rear wheel

F2=f*W2/r2=0.4*9.81/76.2=0.0514N/mm =51.49 N/m
• Load required to digging the soil
5.1.2 Design of soil anchor
Force required to pull the anchor =F3=m a
Where, m= load of transplanter + load of paper pots = 15kg + 8 kg =23kg =225.63 N
a= average man walking speed = 1.5km/ hour = 0.416 m/sec
F3=225.63 * 0.416 = 93.86 = 94 N
F=Total horizontal force
Therefore, F= F1+F2+F3 = 172.25+51.49+94 =317.74 N
Fig 5.1: Resultant force acting on handle

Total resultant force on handle, F= R*Cosϴ
R=317.74/cos35 =387.88 N
5.1.3 Design of handle
Handle is made up 1 inch round pipe
Handle length = 457.2 mm
Handle is pull by hand therefore pipe is subjected to tensile force.
Therefore, σ= R/A1
Where , A1= surface area of handle = π D L1 = π*0.0254*0.4572 =0.03648 m2
σ= 387.88/0.03648 =10632.675 N/mm2= 10.63267 N/m2
handle is made up of material galvanized steel , σyl2=55000 psi =379.212 Mpa
FOS= σyl /σall , Consider FOS =3
Therefore , σall=σyl/FOS =379.212 /3 =126.404 N/mm2=126.404*106 N/m2
σall > σ
5.1.5 Design of paper pots for desired planting condition
Table.5.1: design of paper pots (Radish seedlings)
Parameters Dimensions
In row Planting distance

50mm
Pot diameter 30mm

Pot height 30mm
Pot length 14000mm
The number of pots per tray 264 pots

CHAPTER 6
FABRICATION DETAILS
Fabrication is a process of building machine, structures and other equipment’s by deploying
various process and operations like cutting, forming, setup, full welding and assembling
components made from raw material. A brief description of selection of raw material is given
below.
6.1 Material details
In this project, materials for different parts are used in building of transplanter is mild steel. The
selection of appropriate material for respective components was based on following mechanical
properties such as,
• Tensile strength
• Bending strength
• Compressive strength
• Shear strength
• Yield strength
• Hardness
6.1.1 Front wheel assembly
The front wheel carries the assembly of remaining parts, It is made up of mild steel of 1inch
square rod pipe of gauge 2.5mm thickness.

Fig.6.1: 2D and 3D diagram of front wheel assembly

6.1.2 Pull handle
The pulling handle is made up of galvanized steel and arc welded with ¾ inch square pipe made
up of mild steel of gauge 2.5mm thickness and it will move up and down inside the hallow
square pipe of front wheel square rod pipe
Fig.6.2: 2D and 3D diagram of pull handle

6.1.3 Tray
The tray is made up of sheet metal mild steel of 22 gauge mild steel in which it slide up and
down on rear wheel rod with adjustment for depth of digging the soil by the assembly of nut and
bolt.
Fig.6.3: 2D and 3D diagram of tray

6.1.4 Ramp
The ramp is made up of sheet metal of 20 gauge of 0.953mm thickness of material mild steel and
it is simply placed on tray that connects the gap between tray and body,
Fig.6.4: 2D and 3D diagram of ramp

6.1.5 Main body and furrower support
The Main body is made up of sheet metal of 20 gauge mild steel of 0.953mm thickness in which
the furrower support is attached at the bottom side by gas welding and it is joined with tray using
nut and blot assembly.
Fig.6.5: 2D and 3D diagram of main body and furrower support

6.1.6 Carry handle
The carry handle is made up of hallow mild steel pipe and it is joined to frame of body to carry
the whole transplanter by a single person.

Fig.6.6: 2D and 3D diagram of carry handle

6.1.7 Furrower
The furrower is made up of mild steel and it is welded to furrower support in order to dig the
soil.
Fig.6.7: 2D and 3D diagram of furrower

6.1.8 Wings
The wings is made up of sheet metal of 20 gauge of thickness 0.953mm of material mild steel
and it is joined at the end of body to pack the soil on the plant on both the side as symmetric to
each other.
Fig.6.8: 2D and 3D diagram of wings

6.1.9 Support link
The support link is made up of sheet metal of mild steel material of 20 gauge to support the rear
wheel link and it is joined to body by nut and bolt on both side as it is symmetric to each other.
Fig.6.9: 2D and 3D diagram of support link

6.1.10 Rear wheel link
The rear wheel link is made up mild steel and drilled to support rear wheel and joined to the
support link.
Fig.6.10: 2D and 3D diagram of rear wheel link
6.1.11 Rear wheel
The rear wheel is joined to rear wheel link using nut and bolt that is used to press the soil around
the plant.
Fig.6.11: 2D and 3D diagram of rear wheel

6.1.12 Paper pots
A paper pots is made up of tracing paper for 264 seedlings of 50mm in row spacing for radish
plant.
Fig.6.12: 2D and 3D diagram of paper pots
Table.6.1 : Details for in row spacing of different planting seed
Vegetable Distance between plants Planting depth

( cm) (cm)
Beetroot 3-5 1.5
broccoli 45-60 0.5-1.5
cabbage 45 0.5-1.5
carrot 3-5 1.5
cauliflower 45-60 0.5-1.5
corn 15-25 2.5
onion 5-8 1.5-3
pepper 60 1.5
potato 25-30 10
radish 2.5 1.2
tomato 90 1.2
watermelon 30-60 2-3

6.1.13 Assembly
Assembly is the process of assembling individual components together to become a working

model. Assembly consist of various parts, from machined parts to commercial standard parts
such as screws, nut and pis. It may also include plastic, metal or a variety of other material. The
processes of combining the components may include mechanical torque, brazing, welding,
drilling or a variety of other possible processes.
After all the parts are fabricated according to the drawings, All the parts are assembled in the
following sequence.
a) A front wheel assembly carries tray and pull handle in which tray is slides on outer body
for suitable depth of digging soil and is fixed using nut and bolt and pull handle slide in
inner part of the body for adjusting suitable height and fixed at suitable height using nut
and bolt.
b) Once tray is fixed to front wheel assembly, then main body is joined to tray using nut and
bolt of drilled hole provided in tray.
c) A carry handle is fixed to lower part frame provided in main body part using nut and bolt.
d) A ramp is simply place between tray and main body that connects between them for easy
move of paper pot seedlings.
e) A wings is fixed in main body at both side for distributing the soil around the plants.
f) A support link is placed and fixed at the same hole for connecting rear wheels.
g) A rear wheel link is fixed to support link at the both side.
h) A rear wheel is joined to rear wheel link at the both side using nut and bolt.

6.1.14 3D Assembled model of transplanter
Fig.6.13: 2D and 3D diagram of assembled transplanter
Fig.6.14: 3D rendered diagram of assembled transplanter

6.1.15 : Exploded view of Transplanter
Fig.6.15: 3D diagram of exploded view of transplanter

CHAPTER 7
STEP TO BE FOLLOWED IN STARTING THE PLANT

TRANSPLANTION
7.1 Preparing and seeding the paper pot tray
a) Readily made paper pot chain is taken and it is arranged properly in germination tray of
dimension 60*30 cm
b) A paper pot containing cell which must filled with well mixed soil and cocopeat.
c) Soil-cocopeat mixture is to be filled in the paper pot cell up to half volume of paper pot
cell.
d) Each Seed must be sowed inside the paper pot cell , after its completion remaining
volume of paper pot cell is to be filled with soil-cocopeat mixture.
e) After completion of sowing, then it should be watered properly.
f) After some time say 2-3 week of sowing, depending on the baby plant condition it is
taken for transplanting.
Fig.7.1:Preparation of paper pot with seedlings
7.2 Soil bed preparation
a) A soil bed is to be prepared before transplanting plant.

b) A soil is free from stone and it should be loose.

c) To be watered once before transplanting.
A paper pot chain must be anchored using a tool to fixed the one paper pot so that it remain fixed
on a path dig by furrower on soil bed.
After anchoring the paper pot the transplanter is moved by hand so that paper pot chain is
unchained and get place on desired path and get covered by soil using wings and get pressed by
rear wheel.
Fig.7.2:Preparation of soil bed
Fig.7.3:Anchoring of paper pots

CHAPTER 8
TESTING
8.1 Testing of transplanter

A transplanter is first tested without the paper pot chain and it works with desired result.
Transplanter dig the soil and wings are closed the soil and rear wheels are pressed the soil into
planting path.
Fig.8.1:Testing of transplanter
8.2 Testing of transplanter with paper pots

A transplanter with paper pot chain is tested with 33 paper pots and the transplanter works as
expected.

Fig.8.2: Testing with 33 paper pots of radish seedlings

CHAPTER 9
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

The paper pot plant transplanter works satisfactorily and paper chain is made with double layer
of paper and it unchain properly without any damage and moves in path provided in main body
and it is tested with radish baby plant and it is transplanted successfully as shown in the figure
below with maintaining the proper in row spacing.
It took less than 40 seconds to transplant 33 paper pot seedlings in a single stretch.
Fig.9.1:After Transplanting 33 seedlings of radish

CHAPTER 10
COST ESTIMATION
Table.10.1 : Cost Estimation of Individual Component
Sl. No. Description Amount in Rs.
1 Raw Material 690

• Sheet metal
• Square rod
pipes
2 wheels 500
3 Fabrication cost 750

• Welding
• drilling
4 Tracing paper 160
5 Paint 200
6 Germination tray 240
7 Miscellaneous cost 200
Total 2740

CHAPTER 11
CONCLUSION
The paper pot transplanting machine works satisfactorily with transplanting rate of 33 seedlings
in just 40 seconds compared to 8 a 5 seedlings/min in case of manual transplanting for raised bed
condition.
Weight of transplanter is less than 25kg so that it can easily handled by single operator and it is
simple, low cost and found suitable for transplanting of various vegetable , herbs and flower
seedlings.
Future Scope
• The machine is driven by man power but engine can be coupled to enhance the
performances.
• Paper pot chain of different in row spacing can prepared for different seedlings.
• Machine can be developed to transplant several rows simultaneously.

References
[1] Suman T U, Supreeth P et al. “Automated baby plant planting machine”, International
research journal of engineering and technology, volume 06 issue: 05 may 2019.
[2] Carpenter G, Byale N A et al. “Manually operated single row vegetable transplanter for
vegetable seedlings” international journal of agriculture of science, volume 09 issue 53 2017.
[3] Manjunath Pai, Sandesh Sharma et al. “ A study on semi-automatic vegetable planting
machine”, national conference on advances in mechanical engineering science ISSN 2231-5381
2016.
[4] P.V Thoart, K.B Jhala et al. “ Design, development and performance evaluation of manually
operated two row trolley type vegetable type transplanter”, International journal of current
microbiology and applied science ISSN: 2319-7706 volume 06 NOV 2017.
[5] Akshay S kadlag, Prajwal S Tajane et al. “ Automatic planting farm equipment”, IJARIIE -
ISSN(0) -2395-4396 , vol-5 issue-2 2019

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DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MANUALLY OPERATED PAPER POT

PLANT TRANSPLANTING MACHINE

Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi

1st assessment of project work phase II in partial fulfillment

Under the Guidance of

This is to certify that project work entitled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD

Name of the Examiner: Signature with date

We, KAUSHIK P, MANOHAR V N, NIRANJAN B of 8th Semester

Any accomplishment achieved does not rest entirely on individual endeavours

At the very outset, we owe gratitude to our beloved Dr. MOHAMED

We would like to express our colossal gratitude to Dr. B G NARESH KUMAR,

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to our guide Prof.

SYMBOLS CAPTION UNITS

σyt1 Yield stress of mild steel Mpa

F0 Mass of total pots N

A0 Area of tray containing paper pots N/mm2

W2 Load due to tray and support on rear wheel N

F1 Force required to overcome the rolling friction of front N

F2 Force required to overcome the rolling friction by rear wheel N

F Force due to rolling tire in loose sand

r1 Let radius of front tire mm

r2 Let radius of rear tire mm

F3 Force required to pull the anchor N

m Total load of transplanter and paper pot N

a Average man walking speed m/sec

F Total horizontal force N

σ Tensile stress on pull handle N/m2

σyl2 Yield stress of galvanized steel Mpa

A1 Surface area of handle m2

σall Allowable stress N/m2

τ Induced shear stress Mpa

SL.NO NAME OF THE FIGURE FIGURE NO PAGE NO

1 Working of paper pot transplanting machine 1.2 2

2 Resultant force acting on handle 5.1 10

3 2D and 3D diagram of front wheel assembly 6.1 14

13 2D and 3D diagram of rear wheel 6.11 19

14 2D and 3D diagram of paper pots 6.12 20

15 2D and 3D diagram of assembled transplanter 6.13 21

16 3D rendered diagram of assembled transplanter 6.14 21

17 3D diagram of exploded view of transplanter 6.15 22

18 Preparation of paper pot with seedlings 7.1 23

19 Preparation of soil bed 7.2 24

20 Anchoring of paper pots 7.3 25

21 Testing of transplanter 8.1 26

22 Testing with 33 paper pots of radish seedlings 8.2 26

23 After transplanting 33 seedlings of radish 9.1 27

SL.NO TABLE NAME TABLE NO PAGE NO

1 Design of paper pots (Radish 5.1 12

different planting seed

3 Cost estimation of individual 10.1 28

CHAPTER NO CHAPTER NAME PAGENO

1.1 Paper pot transplanter 1

5.1 Design calculation 9

7 STEP TO BE FOLLOWED IN STARTING 23

1.1 Paper pot transplanter

Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT Mysore Page 1

Fig 1.1 Working of paper pot transplanting machine

Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT Mysore Page 2

Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT Mysore Page 3

Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT Mysore Page 4

2.1 Summary of literature survey

Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT Mysore Page 5

Where , A1= surface area of handle = π D L1 = π0.02540.4572 =0.03648 m2