NANOTECHNOLOGY REVOTIONIZING

THE FUTURE
 Nanotechnology is an important field of
medern research dealing with synthesis, strategy
and manipulation of particle’s structure ranging
from approximately 1 to 100nm in size.The prefix
‘nano’ is referred to a Greek prefix meaning ‘dwarf’
or something very small and depicts one thousand
millionth of a meter (10−9 m).
 Nanotechnology originated from Richard
Feynman’s 1959. The term was coined by Norio
Taniguchi ,a Japanese scientist was the first to use
and define the term “nanotechnology” in 1974 as:
“nanotechnology mainly consists of the processing of
separation, consolidation, and deformation of
materials by one atom or one molecule”. The invention
of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 and the
establishment of the National Nanotechnology
Initiative in 2000 accelerated its development and
application.
 The Nanoscale refers to a size range of
approximately 1 to100 nanometers, where
materials exhibit unique properties and
behaviors due to quantum effects and
increased surface area.
The Nanoscale in Nanotechnology lies in its
ability to unlock unique properties and
phenomena. Manipulation materials at this
scale allows for the development and novel
application in medicine, electronics, energy,
and materials science, revolutionizing
industries and driving technology
advancements.
 Nanoscale materials have far larger
surface area-to-volume ratio than bulk
materials. As surface area per volume
increases, materials can become more
reactive.
 The use of Nanotechnology in medicine offers
some exciting possibilities.Some techniques are
only imagined, while others are at various stages
of testing, or actually being used today.

Nanotechnology is a term usedto define areas of

science and engineering in which phenomena occuring
at nanoscale dimensions are used in the design,
characterrisation, manufacture, and applications of
materials,structure,devices, and system
 These technologies to provide doctors with
considerably much better direct access to critical
data on the reasons for chanfes in the signs of the
life of illness because of the technological
presence at the source of the problem.
Nanotechnology and nano drugd discoveries are
so vast and wide-ranging.

Nanomedicine has undergone impressive modifications,

pushing the drug toa new level with significant
healthcare outcomes.
There is a need to study the significant capabilities of
nanotechnology in healthcare.In medicine,extentive
research is ongoing into best practices and
methodologeis, including nephrology,cardiovascular
disease therapeutic gene, and cancer therapy.
Environmental nanotechnology refers to the application
of nanotechnology in addressing environmental
challenges and promoting sustainability. It involves the
use of nanomaterials, nanosensors, and other nanoscale
technologies to develop innovative solutions for
pollution control, energy efficiency, and sustainable
materials.

APPLICATION OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Environmental nanotechnology plays a
vital role in addressing environmental
challenges, promoting sustainability, and
creating a cleaner and more sustainable
future for our planet.
IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY
1. Pollution Control: Environmental nanotechnology offers effective methods for
removing pollutants from air, water, and soil, contributing to cleaner and healthier
environments.
2. Real-time Monitoring: Nanosensors enable real-time monitoring of environmental
conditions, providing accurate data for timely decision-making and proactive
environmental management.
3. Energy Efficiency: Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in enhancing energy efficiency
by improving solar cells, energy storage systems, and energy conversion processes.
4. Sustainable Materials: Nanotechnology enables the development of eco-friendly and
lightweight materials, reducing resource consumption and environmental impact.
5. Waste Management: Nanotechnology offers potential solutions for efficient waste
management, including the treatment and recycling of various types of waste materials.
6. Water Purification: Nanomaterials can be used for water purification, removing
contaminants and ensuring access to clean and safe drinking water.
7. Environmental Remediation: Nanotechnology provides innovative approaches for
remediating contaminated sites, restoring ecosystems, and mitigating the impact of
industrial activities.
8. Renewable Energy: Nanotechnology facilitates the development of renewable energy
sources, such as solar and wind power, contributing to a sustainable and low-carbon
future.
9. Green Manufacturing: Nanotechnology enables greener manufacturing processes by
reducing energy consumption, waste generation, and the use of hazardous materials.
10. Sustainable Agriculture: Nanotechnology offers potential solutions for improving
crop yields, reducing pesticide use, and enhancing nutrient delivery in agriculture,
promoting sustainable food production.
APPLICATION OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY

ECONOMICS

Sustainable economic development would never be

possible without having a strong scientific and
technological basis. Economics science has evolved in
understanding how new technologies help in
transforming societies and generating a continuous
chain of wealth and progress. Both Microeconomics
and Macroeconomics have long recognized the
importance of technological developments in
economic systems. Nanotechnology industry is
considered as the core of the next boundless
technological revolution and it has a significant role
spurring global economic growth.
GENE THERAPY
AND STEM CELL
THERAPY
GENE THERAPY
Gene therapy - a medical treatment approach that
involves modifying or introducing genes into a person's
cells to treat or prevent a disease. It aims to correct
faulty or mutated genes that are causing a genetic
disorder, or to introduce new genes to help the body fight
against diseases. Gene therapy can involve removing,
adding, or modifying genetic material within a person's
cells. The targeted cells are usually the patient's own cells,
but in some cases, gene therapy can also involve
introducing genetically modified cells from outside
sources. This promising field of medicine holds potential
for treating various genetic disorders and has the ability
to provide long-term or permanent solutions to genetic
diseases.
 Ex. OF GENE THERAPY

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

- Definition: SCID, also known as "bubble boy" disease, is
a rare genetic disorder characterized by a severely
compromised immune system.
- Gene Therapy Approach: In the case of SCID, defective
genes causing the condition are replaced with healthy
copies using a viral vector.
- Treatment Process: Doctors use a specially engineered
virus to deliver the corrected gene into the patient's
cells, aiming to restore the immune system's function.
- Promising Results: Gene therapy has shown remarkable
success in helping SCID patients develop a functional
immune system and lead healthier lives.
STEM
CELL Ex:Injecting modified stem cells directly into

THERAPY
the brain

after a stroke. using stem cells to replace

damaged cells in the inner ear that detect
Stem cell nanotechnology is
sound, helping to restore hearing. altering
developing towards stem cell
the genes of stem cells to make them
isolation, lineage and
resistant to diseases, such as AIDS, and
differentiation, stem cell
then inserting them into people with the
imaging, active tracking,
disease.
regenerative medicine and
tissue engineering of stem cells
ETHICAL
Ethical concern about nanotechnology include the opposition to their
use to fabricate Lethal autonomous weapon, and the fear that they
may self replicate ad infinitum in a so-called gray goo scenario
SOCIAL ISSUES
The ethical issues involve the identification and
assessment of hazards and risks, nonmaleficence
(doing no harm), autonomy (self-determination), justice
(fairness in distribution of risks), privacy (in handling of
medical information), and respect for persons.

RISKS
Once in the blood stream, nanomaterials can circulate
throughout the body and can lodge in organs and
tissues including the brain, liver, heart, kidneys, spleen,
bone marrow and nervous system. Once inside cells,
they may interfere with normal cellular function,
cause oxidative damage and even cell death
CHALLENGES:
The first significant challenge for nanoregulators and policymakers is that the public
are generally supportive of nanotechnology, but they feel uncertain about whether
existing regulations are sufficient. Uncertainty about regulations could lead to future
public rejection of nanotechnology if consumers feel that risks are high and
unchecked by regulations. In addition, this public uncertainty about nanoregulations
could result in the public shying away from some existing commercial nanotechnology
products that are relatively safe and have low risk levels.
THANK YOU