ATPL HPL QUES

1. Most accidents are mainly caused by lack of:

a) physical skills
b) interpersonal relations
c) good judgement
d) good maintenance of aircraft

2. Which component(s) is/are transporting the oxygen in the blood?

a) White blood cells.
b) Plasma
c) Blood fat.
d) Haemoglobin in the red blood cells.

3. The respiratory process consists mainly of

a) the transportation of oxygen to the cell and the elimination of carbon monoxide
b) the transportation of oxygen to the cell and the elimination of nitrogen
c) the diffusion of oxygen through the respiratory membranes into the blood,
transportation to the cells, diffusion into the cells and elimination of carbon
dioxide from the body
d) the transportation of carbon dioxide to the cell and elimination of oxygen

4. In the event of a passenger showing symptoms of decompression sickness, the aircraft

must:
a) land as soon as possible
b) descend to mean sea level
c) descend to 10,000 ft
d) descend to below 10,000 ft

5. Physiological problems due to increasing altitude are caused by :

a) disorientation
b) accelerations
c) increased atmospheric pressure
d) decreased atmospheric pressure

6. Pulse rate is influenced by the following factors:

1. Adrenalin
2. Cortisol
3. Physical exercise.
4. Glucose concentration in the blood
a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct
b) 1, 3 and 4 are correct, 2 is false
c) 2, 3 and 4 are correct, 1 is false
d) 1, 2 and 4 are correct, 3 is false
7. Excessive exposure to noise damages:
a) the semi circular canals
b) the sensitive membrane in the cochlea
c) the ossicles
d) the eardrum

8. During flight in IMC, the most reliable sense which should be used to overcome illusions
is the:
a) visual sense, interpreting the attitude indicator
b) "Seat-of-the-pants-Sense"
c) vestibular sense
d) visual sense by looking outside

9. Which statement is correct?

1. Smokers have a greater chance of suffering from coronary heart disease

2. Smoking tobacco will raise the individual’s physiological altitude during flight
3. Smokers have a greater chance of decreasing lung cancer

a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct

b) 1 and 2 are correct, 3 is false
c) 1 and 3 are correct, 2 is false
d) 2 and 3 are correct, 1 is false

10. Human errors are frequent and may take several forms:
a) an error of intention is an error of routine
b) any violation is an error which is always involuntary
c) an error can be described as the mismatch between the pilots intention and the
result of his/her actions
d) representational errors in which the pilot has properly identified the situation and
is familiar with the procedure

11. The use of check lists must be carried out in such a way that:
a) their execution may be done simultaneously with other actions
b) their execution must not be done simultaneously with other actions
c) their execution is not lumped together with important tasks
d) it may be rejected since redundancy in the following check list will serve as
verification
12. The physiology of stress is now well known:
a) stress promotes an increase in physical strength rather than promoting mental
performance
b) the only stress hormone is adrenaline
c) stress develops in 2 stages: sublimation of performance and then acceleration of
heart rate and increase in vision
d) stress slows down the production of sugar by the organism and thereby slows
down the heart rate.

13. In the Shell Model L stands for:

a) latent errors
b) long-term error
c) lengthy errors
d) liveware

14. What are the main effects of a lack of sleep loss on performance?
a) It increases fatigue and concentration difficulties, but facilitates stress
management by muscular relaxation
b) It increases fatigue, concentration and attention difficulties, the risk of sensory
illusions and mood disorders
c) It causes muscular spasms
d) It reduces concentration and fatigue only with sleep loss greater than 48 hours

15. The twin objectives of Human Performance are:

a) Knowledge of the limitations of the body and their significance in aviation
b) The safety and efficiency of the operation and the well-being of the individual
c) Flight Safety and self-awareness
d) Physical fitness and good decision-making

16. Affinity to haemoglobin is best with:

a) nitrogen
b) oxygen
c) carbon dioxide
d) carbon monoxide

17. The ‘chokes” are associated with:

a) NIHL
b) oxygen loss
c) blockage of the alveoli
d) Decompression sickness

18. Hyperventilation causes

a) a lack of carbon dioxide in the blood
b) an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood
c) acidosis
d) hypochondria
19. Under normal circumstances, which gas will diffuse from the blood to the alveoli:
a) carbon monoxide
b) nitrogen
c) oxygen
d) carbon dioxide

20. A stereotype and involuntary reaction of the organism on stimulation of receptors is

called:
a) Reflex
b) data processing
c) control system
d) change of stimulation level

21. When can a pilot experience the “leans”?

a) In all flight conditions
b) In the climb
c) In the descent
d) In the climb or descent

22. What is understood by air-sickness?

a) A sensory conflict within the vestibular system accompanied by nausea, vomiting
and fear
b) An illness caused by evaporation of gases in the blood
c) An illness caused by reduced air pressure
d) An illness caused by an infection of the middle ear

23. A pilot, trying to pick up a fallen object from the cockpit floor during a tight turn,
experiences:
a) autokinetic illusion
b) coriolis illusion
c) barotrauma
d) pressure vertigo

24. Pain in the middle ear during descent may be eased by:
a) levelling off and possibly climbing
b) blocking the effected ear with the palm of your hand
c) increasing the rate of descent
d) using an oxygen mask

25. What is meant by the term 'complacency'?

a) To question possible solutions
b) An agreement between captain and co-pilot due to Crew Resources Management
c) Careless negligence or unjustified self-confidence
d) Physiological consequences on pilots because of fear of flying
26. The team spirit of a cockpit-crew most likely depends on
a) both pilots respecting each other and striving for the same goals
b) both pilots wearing the same uniform
c) both pilots flying together very often for a long period
d) both pilots having the same political and ideological attitude

27. If during flight a pilot is in a mental condition of "optimum arousal" he/she will be:
a) unprepared to handle a difficult situation
b) approaching a condition of complacency or fatigue
c) prepared best to cope with a difficult task
d) in a confused mental state

28. A fatigued pilot

a) is acting similar as when encountering a state of depression
b) will show signs of increased irritability
c) will get precordial pain
d) considerably increases the ability to concentrate

29. The distribution of primary causes of accidents in the worldwide jet aircraft commercial
fleet shows that human error is involved in:
a) about 55% of cases
b) about 70% of cases
c) about 90% of cases
d) all cases, one way or another

30. The rate and depth of breathing is primarily controlled by:

a) the amount of carbon monoxide in the blood
b) the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
c) the amount of nitrogen in the blood
d) the total atmospheric pressure

31. Decompression sickness symptoms may develop due to

a) cabin pressure loss when flying at higher altitudes (above 18 000 FT)
b) sudden pressure surges in the cabin at altitudes below 18 000 FT
c) emergency descents after a cabin pressure loss
d) fast flights from a high-pressure zone into a low pressure area when flying an
unpressurised aeroplanes.

32. Anxiety and fear can cause

a) hyperventilation
b) hypoxia
c) spatial disorientation
d) hypoglycaemia
33. Someone who has anaemia has:
a) not enough platelets
b) not enough functional haemoglobin
c) not enough plasma
d) not enough white blood cells

34. The ability of the lens to change its shape is called:

a) binocular vision
b) depth perception
c) accommodation
d) adaptation

35. What is meant by presbycusis

a) gradual onset of long-sightedness with age
b) total loss of hearing in both ears due to disease
c) total loss of hearing in one ear due to use of headset in the cockpit
d) gradual loss of hearing with age

36. How can spatial disorientation in IMC be avoided? By

a) believing your body senses only.
b) maintaining a good instrument cross check
c) moving the head into the direction of the resultant vertical.
d) looking outside whenever possible ignoring the attitude indicator.

37. When optical image forms in front of the retina, this results in:
a) myopia
b) hypemetropia
c) presbyopia
d) astigmatism

38. Many pilots think up systems to deal with affairs so they don't have to think up every
time what they have to do.
a) this is dangerous for every situation is different
b) this has to be rejected for the company draws the rules and the procedures they
have to comply with
c) this has to be positively appreciated for it increases consistency in action
d) this has to be advised against for it reduces flexibility at a moment a problem has
to be solved by improvisation.

39. An excessive need for safety

a) hampers severely the way of pilot decision making
b) is absolute necessary for a safe flight operation
c) is the most important attribute of a line pilot
d) guarantees the right decision making in critical situations
40. CRM (Crew Resource Management) training is:
a) not intended to change the individual's attitude at all
b) intended to develop effectiveness of crew performance by improving attitudes
towards flight safety and human relationship management
c) intended solely to alter an individual's personality;
d) is mainly of relevance to pilots with personality disorders or inappropriate
attitudes

41. The readjustment of the biological rhythms after a time shift is normally more difficult
a) with flights towards the West
b) with flights towards the North
c) with flights towards the South
d) with flights towards the East

42. One negative aspect of the highly automated cockpit results in :

a) pilots disregarding the automatic equipment
b) constantly high crew overload with regard to the monitoring tasks
c) less experienced crews because of more transparent system details
d) complacency among the crewmembers

43. The most common cause of pilot-induced accidents is:

a) Poor flight planning
b) Mid-air collision
c) Loss of control whilst taxiing
d) Loss of directional control

44. A pilot suffering from hyperventilation during final approach in poor weather can combat
the effect by:
a) going on 100% oxygen and go around
b) landing regardless of the weather
c) regulating depth and rate of breathing
d) declaring a Mayday

45. Concerning hypoxia, why is it more hazardous if flying solo?

a) The effects are increased
b) It is difficult to recognize the first symptoms of hypoxia for a pilot in initial
training
c) It is more difficult to manage the oxygen systems on your own
d) There is no one to take control once the symptoms of hypoxia appear

46. The following are features of hypoxia

1) blue discoloration of the lips and fingernails
2) shortness of breath and light headedness
3) flatulence
4) impaired night vision
 a) 2, 3 and 4 are correct
b) 1, 2 and 4 are correct
c) 1, 3 and 4 are correct
d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct

47. On initiating recovery from a spin the pilot may have a strong sensation of turning:
a) in a direction opposite to that of the spin
b) in a direction the same as the spin
c) slowly upwards
d) quickly upwards

48. If a pilot picks up a pen from the floor of the cockpit while in a turn, he/she may suffer
from:
a) Coriolis effect
b) Hypoxic
c) Barotrauma
d) Pressure vertigo

49. Night flying at 10000 ft you find that your acuity decreases. What can you do about it to
improve your acuity?
a) Use your peripheral vision
b) Go on to oxygen
c) Turn up the instrument lights
d) Switch on or turn up the cabin heat

50. If feeling unwell before a flight should you:

1) take over-the- counter medicine and consult an aviation specialist doctor at the
return of the flight
2) assess your own fitness and, if necessary, consult an aviation specialist doctor
3) if in any doubt your fitness, not fly
4) turn the cockpit temperature down and drink water before you are thirsty to avoid
dehydration

a) 2 and 3 only
b) 1 only
c) 2, 3 and 4
d) 3 and 4 only

51. In tropical regions you should

a) ensure you put ice all cold drinks
b) drink only from sealed containers
c) eat raw vegetables whenever possible
d) ensure you eat unpeeled fruit because of possible vitamins loss
52. Above and below what body temperature will there be there be a degradation of mental
and physical capabilities?
a) Above 380C Below 350C
b) above 360C Below 350C
c) above 380C Below 270C
d) above 360C Below 250C

53. What human error rate is considered to be the norm?

a) 1 in 10
b) 1 in 100
c) 1 in 1000
d) 1 in 10000

54. A pilot is accustomed to a runway with a width of 27m and lands on an unfamiliar
runway with a width of 42m. the pilot will tend to:
a) fly a too high an approach and overshoot
b) fly a too low an approach and overshoot
c) fly a too high an approach and undershoot
d) fly a too low an approach and undershoot

55. Errors in the judgment of height on a approach are more likely over:
a) snow
b) Mountains
c) jungle
d) rough seas

56. A latent error:

1) will show itself in time
2) will not be foreseen by programmers
3) lies dormant
4) only becomes apparent under certain conditions
5) will easily be recognized by operators

a) 1, 4 & 5
b) 1, 2, 3, & 4
c) 3 only
d) 1, 3, 4 & 5

57. Who is responsible air safety?

a) Aircrew and Ground Crew
b) Aircrew, Ground Crew management
c) Everyone involved
d) Aircrew only
58. Even at normal cabin altitude (i.e around 8000 ft) you can get severe abdominal pain and
flatulence after eating gas forming foods or fizzy drinks. The correct counter-measure is:
a) descend to a lower altitude
b) climb to a higher altitude
c) perform valsalva manoeuvre
d) use supplemental oxygen

59. A shining light is fading out (i.e when flying into fog, dust or haze) what kind of illusion
could the pilot get
a) The source of light moves away from him
b) The source of light stands still
c) The source of light is approaching him with increasing speed
d) The light source will make the pilot believe that he is climbing

60. A pilot approaching a runway which is narrower than normal may feel he is at a greater
height than he actually is. To compensate he may fly a
a) flatter than normal approach with the tendency to undershoot
b) compensatory glide path and land long
c) compensatory glide path and stall out
d) higher than normal approach with the tendency to overshoot

61. Vitamins A and possibly vitamins B and C are chemical factors and essential to good
night vision
1. Vitamins deficiencies may decrease night vision performance
2. An excess intake of vitamins A will improve night vision performance significantly
3. Pilots should be carefully concerned to take a balanced diet containing sufficient
vitamins A
4. Vitamins deficiencies may decreases visual acuity in photopic vision but not in
scotopic vison

The combination regrouping the correct statement is:

a) 1 and 3 are correct, 2 and 4 are false
b) 1 and 3 are false, 2 and 4 are correct
c) 1,2,3 and 4 are correct
d) Only 4 is false

62. One of the first effects to be noticed on gradual exposure to high positive radial
accelerations is
a) loss of consciousness
b) grey-out
c) black-out
d) red-vision
63. Attitude are defined as:
a) the conditions necessary for carrying out an activity
b) tendencies to respond to people, institutions or events either positively or
negarively
c) the genetic predisposition for thinking and acting
d) a synonym for behavior

64. Within communication, what element suggests that a message has been received and
understood
a) Coding
b) Synchronization
c) Feedback
d) Encoding

65. The cocktail party is

a) the ability to pick up relevant information unintentionally
b) the tendency to believe information that reinforces our mental model of the world
c) the tendency not to perceive relevant information
d) the ability to drink too much at social gathering

66. A co-pilot has passed an upgrading course to become a captain. Which psychological
consequences is most likely?
a) His/her self-concept is going to change because of new roles and task which
have to be incorporated
b) The increased command authority leads to a higher professionalism
c) An upgrading does not have any of the mentioned psychological consequences
d) His/her self concept is going to be stabilized because of the higher status as a
captain

67. A high degree of cockpit automation may after the traditional task of the pilot in a way
that:
a) Crew Coordination can be neglected on long haul flight without compromising
safety
b) the crew pay more attention to solve the problem in an abnormal situation without
monitoring the automatic system
c) the attention of the cockpit crew will become reduced with the consequences
of being out of the loop
d) the attention of the cockpit crew will become reduced with the consequences of
being out of the loop
68. During the pre-flight phase in the cockpit the captain notices that his copilot on the one
hand is rather inexperienced and insecure but on the other hand highly motivated. Which
kind of leadership behavior most likely is inappropriate?
a) The captain lets the co-pilot fly and observes his behavior without any
comments
b) the captain lets the co-pilot fly and encourages him frankly to ask for any support
that is needed
c) The captain flies the first leg by himself and explain each action to the co-pilot in
order to keep him informed about his decisions
d) The captain lets the co-pilot fly and gives him detailed instructions what to so

69. Human errors are frequent and may take several forms
a) An errors of intention is an error of routine
b) a violation is an error which is always involuntary
c) Representational error in which the pilot has properly identified the situation and
is familiar with the procedures
d) An error can be described as the mismatch between the pilot intention and
the result of his/her actions

70. Success in achieving the objectives of a message require

a) difference in contexts for the sender and the receiver
b) the matching of verbal, non-verbal and contextual meaning
c) a form of the message which should not match the expectation of the receiver
d) different codes between form and meaning