FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

BACHELOR DEGREE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (BA234)

BUSINESS ANALYTICS (MGT 555)

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGMENT 1
HOUSE SALES DATA REPORT

PREPARED BY
SUZANAWATI ANAK CECILIA PUYANG
2022753001
BA243 4M

PREPARED FOR
PROFESOR MADYA DR MUHAMAD KHALIL BIN OMAR

DATE OF SUBMISSION
30 NOVEMBER 2023
ACKNOWLEGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have contributed to the
completion of this report. First and foremost, I extend my heartfelt thanks to Professor Madya
Dr Muhamad Khalil Bin Omar, my respected lecturer, for his invaluable guidance, support,
and mentorship throughout the entire research process. His expertise and insightful feedback
were instrumental in shaping the direction of this report.

I am also grateful to my fellow groupmates for their assistance in helping me when I

struggle to understand the report. Their dedication and collaboration significantly enhanced
the quality of this assignment. Lastly, I want to express my deepest gratitude to my family
and friends for their unwavering support and understanding during the demanding period of
this assignment.

This assignment would not have been possible without the collective contributions of
these individuals, and for that, I am truly thankful.
Contents
INTRODUCTION

The capacity to get meaningful insight from data has emerged as a critical success
factor in the dynamic world of modern business. As organizations navigate through
unprecedented challenges and opportunities, leveraging business analytics has emerged as a
strategic imperative. Making wise business decisions now depends critically on one’s
capacity to extract valuable insights from massive volumes of data in the fast-paced real
estate industry of today. The goal of this report is to focusses on the business analytic of
home sales data, is to give real estate industry stakeholders a thorough analysis that will
enable them to recognize opportunities, comprehend market trends, and optimize their
strategies.

Knowing the basic differences between a standalone single house and a townhouse
becomes crucial for anyone navigating the real estate market as urban landscapes and housing
trends change. This is not only about picking a place to live, it also about considering lifestyle
choices, personal preferences, and long-term goals. In ever changing real estate market,
knowing what makes people choose a single-family home over a townhouse is crucial for
both prospective homeowners and industry professionals.

Prospective buyers frequently come to a fork in the road when deciding between a
townhouse and a single-family home while pursuing home ownership. The interaction
between lot cost and selling price becomes apparent as a crucial component influencing this
crucial decision, even above factors like location and amenities. This study explores the
complex dynamics that help people choose between a single-family home and the attached
community of a townhouse, with an emphasis on the financial factors that influence these
choices.

The link between lot cost and selling price is becoming more and more important as
the real estate market develops. Not only is it essential for prospective purchasers to
comprehend how these elements affect the decision-making process, but it is also critical for
developers, real estate agents, and urban planners who aim to satisfy the varied needs of a
changing housing market.
1.0 Pivot Table
Region (All)

Sum of Selling
Row Labels Sum of Lot Cost Price
Single Family 6240047 38671635
Townhouse 1332670 6239901
Grand Total 7572717 44911536

Table 1.1 Pivot Table of House Sales

2.0 Pivot Chart

Sum of Selling Price and Lot Costs for Single Family

and Townhouse

40000000
35000000
30000000
Sum of Selling Price
25000000 Sum of Lot Cost
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
Single Family Townhouse

Table 2.1 Pivot Chart of Sum of Housing Price for Single Family and Townhouse
 Table 2.2 Slicer of the Type of House and The Region

Table 2.3 Pivot Chart and Slicer of Sum for Single Family in Midwest and South Region

Table 2.4 Pivot Chart and Slicer of Sum for Townhouse in Midwest Region
3.0 Descriptive Statistics Table

Selling Price Lot Cost

Mean 267330.57 45075.70

Standard Error 6341.13 1192.17
Median 263974.00 44560
Mode #N/A 45025
Standard Deviation 82190.40 15452.27
Sample Variance 6755262155.65 238772674.4
Kurtosis 0.38 0.10
Skewness 0.48 0.70
Range 489975.00 68770
Minimum 85145.00 17030
Maximum 575120.00 85800
Sum 44911536.00 7572717
Count 168.00 168
CV 31% 34%

Table 3.1 Descriptive Statistics Table

The table above shows that the value of means for selling price is 267330.57 and as for lot
cost is 45075.70. The median for selling price is 263974 while the median for lot cost costs is
44560. Selling price does not have the value of mode but as for lot costs, the value for mode
is 45025. Lastly, the Coefficient of Variance (CV ) for selling price is 31% that is the result of
standard deviation of 82190.40 divided by mean of 267330.57. As for lot costs the standard
deviation of 15452.27 divided by the value of mean of 45075.70 is 34% which is the value of
coefficient of variance.
Skewness

The coefficient of skewness for Selling Price is 0.48. Since it is positive, hence it is a right
skewed data. As it is less than 0.5, it suggests that it is a relative symmetry. Meanwhile, the
coefficient of skewness for Lot Cost is 0.70. Since it is also positive, hence it is a right
skewed data. As it is more than 0.5, it suggests that it is a moderate skewness.

Kurtosis

The coefficient of kurtosis of Selling Price is 0.38. Since, it is less than 3 it’s indicating that
the data is somewhat flat with a wide degree of dispersion. At the same time, the coefficient
of kurtosis for Low Costs is 0.10. Since it is less than 3 it’s indicating that the data is
somewhat flat with a wide degree of dispersion.
4.0 Descriptive Statistics Table without Outliers

Selling price Lot Cost (without

(without outliers) outliers)

Mean 262433.2349 41964.59

Standard Error 5220.990923 859.91
Median 262740 43344.00
Mode #N/A 45025.00
Standard Deviation 63730.31607 10283.08
Sample Variance 4061553186 105741773.88
Kurtosis -1.018842311 -0.50
Skewness 0.157123668 0.22
Range 239622 44200.00
Minimum 147905 22300.00
Maximum 387527 66500.00
Sum 39102552 6000936.00
Count 149 143.00

Table 4.1 Descriptive Statistics Table without Outliers for Selling Price and Lot Costs

The table above shows that the value of means for selling price without outliers is 262433.23
and as for lot cost without outliers is 41964.59. The median for selling price without outliers
is 262740 while the median for lot cost costs without outliers is 43344. Selling price without
outliers does not have the value of mode but as for lot costs without outliers, the value for
mode is 45025.
Skewness ( without outliers )

The coefficient of skewness without outliers for Selling Price is 0.16 meanwhile for Lot
Costs is 0.22. Since both data’s skewness is positive, hence both data is a right skewed data.
As it is less than 0.5, it suggests that selling price and lot costs is a relative symmetry.

Kurtosis ( without outliers )

The coefficient of kurtosis without outliers of Selling Price is -1.02, same goes to Lot Costs
kurtosis, -0.50. Since, both data are less than 3 it’s indicating that the data is somewhat flat
with a wide degree of dispersion.
5.0 Outliers of Seling Price and Lot Costs

5.1 Outliers with Mild Negative for Selling Price

This data shown below shows that outliers with mild negative are from -2.22 to -1.55
because the z-scores are between -1.5 and -3.

$ 85,145 -2.22 Mild negative

$ 112,740 -1.88 Mild negative
$ 115,350 -1.85 Mild negative
$ 116,415 -1.84 Mild negative
$ 133,070 -1.63 Mild negative
$ 136,530 -1.59 Mild negative
$ 139,435 -1.56 Mild negative
$ 139,955 -1.55 Mild negative

5.2 Outliers with Mild Positive Selling Price

The descriptive statistics of Selling Price stated that data with z-scores from 1.60 to
2.74 are considered mild positive outliers because the z-score are between 1.5 and 3.

$ 398,651 1.60 Mild positive

$ 400,330 1.62 Mild positive
$ 404,510 1.67 Mild positive
$ 407,076 1.70 Mild positive
$ 410,810 1.75 Mild positive
$ 417,790 1.83 Mild positive
$ 432,426 2.01 Mild positive
$ 444,304 2.15 Mild positive
$ 446,507 2.18 Mild positive
$ 492,820 2.74 Mild positive
$ 575,120 3.74 Extreme positive
5.3 Outliers with Extreme Positive

Data with z-score of 3.74 are considered extreme positive because the z-score are
above 3.

5.4 Outliers with Mild Negative for Lot Costs

Data with z-scores from -1.81 to -1.58 are considered mild negative outliers because
the z-score are between -3 and -1.5.

$17,030 -1.81 Mild negative

$18,030 -1.75 Mild negative
$19,600 -1.65 Mild negative
$19,600 -1.65 Mild negative
$20,000 -1.62 Mild negative
$20,700 -1.58 Mild negative

5.5 Outliers with Mild Positive for Lot Costs

Data with z-scores from 1.51 to 2.64 are considered mild positive outliers because the
z-score are in between 1.5 and 3.

$68,375 1.51 Mild positive

$70,399 1.64 Mild positive
$72,915 1.80 Mild positive
$73,400 1.83 Mild positive
$73,400 1.83 Mild positive
$73,400 1.83 Mild positive
$73,400 1.83 Mild positive
$73,400 1.83 Mild positive
$73,400 1.83 Mild positive
$75,000 1.94 Mild positive
$75,510 1.97 Mild positive
$75,510 1.97 Mild positive
$79,790 2.25 Mild positive
$82,250 2.41 Mild positive
 $82,250 2.41 Mild positive
$82,250 2.41 Mild positive
$82,250 2.41 Mild positive
$84,122 2.53 Mild positive
$85,800 2.64 Mild positive

CONCLUSION

Examining the descriptive statistics table with and without outliers allows one to gain
a deep grasp of how these significant data points affect the entire set of data. The core
tendencies and dispersion metrics are dramatically changed by the inclusion or deletion of
outliers, providing a conflicting image of the properties of the data. When outliers are
considered, the mean, a central measure of tendency, is notably affected, being pulled towards
the extreme values. This, in turn, can misrepresent the typical value of the data. On the other
hand, the median, a robust statistic less sensitive to outliers, provides a more stable
representation of the data's centre. This clearly showed in the data as by the value of
descriptive statistics without outliers decreases compared to descriptive statistics table with
outliers.

In a similar vein, the measures used to assess the distribution's dispersion and shape,
kurtosis, skewness, and standard deviation are significantly impacted by the existence of
outliers. These measurements may show increased variability and non-normal distributions
when outliers are present, which could affect the validity of some statistical analyses. On the
other hand, when there are no outliers, the descriptive statistics generally match up better
with the basic characteristics of most of the data points. Measures of dispersion provide a
clearer picture of the spread among the majority of the data, while central tendencies become
increasingly representative of the normal values.