EE464 Power System Protection

Course Information
Course Number and Title: EE-464 Power System Protection
Credits: 3 (3-0)
Instructor(s)-in-charge: Dr Mazhar Abbas (Asst Prof)
Course type: Lecture
Required or Elective: Elective
Course pre-requisites EE-461 Power System Analysis and Design
Degree and Semester DE-41 Department of Electrical Engineering, Semester 8th
Month and Year Spring 2023

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Contents
 Chapter 6: Protection of Transmission lines
 Reactance relay
 Mho relay

1. Course book and Related Course Material

1. Fundamentals of Power System Protection, Paithanka
Textbooks:
r & Bhide
2. Electrical Power Systems, C.L. Wadhva, Principles
Reference Books:
of Power System, V.K. Mehta

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 Chapter 6: Protection of Transmission lines

 General Torque equation for relays

 In relays, voltage, current or interaction between them produce torque
 At least two factors are required to produce a controlled torque\
 If one factor acts as a deflecting torque, the other as restraining torque

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 Chapter 6: Protection of Transmission lines

 Trip law for reactance relay

 Current provides deflection torque, so k1 is positive

 Restraining torque by product of voltage and current, so k3 is negative
 Reach of simple impedance relay is independent of angle between V & I.
 Due to independent reach K3 is zero.
 K4 is zero because there is no restoring spring

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 Chapter 6: Protection of Transmission lines

 Reactance relay implementation using Induction cap structure

 Maximum torque angle-(MTA)
MTA=90-phase angle of pressure coil
 Pressure coil: Voltage is in phase to
current (Very high external resistance)
 Pressure coil phase angle is zero
 So, MTA is 90 degree
 Restraining torque is equal to..
VIcos(θ-90°)=VIsinθ
 Deflection torque is equal to
Torque=ϕ1ϕ2sinθ=I1I2sin90

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 Chapter 6: Protection of Transmission lines

 Performance of reactance relay during normal load flow

 Impedance of double-end-fed system as seen by relay shown below
 The impedance seen by relay falls in the trip region of reactance relay
 Reactance relay can not be used as an independent relay
 The relay responds correctly in the presence of fault resistance

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 Chapter 6: Protection of Transmission lines

 Effect of ARC resistance on reach of reactance relay

 A fault at point B with resistance equal to B
 The tip of impedance (phasor AC) still remains in the trip region
 Preferable for exact location of fault in the presence of fault resistance

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 Chapter 6: Protection of Transmission lines

 Directional property exhibited by reactance relay

The trip characteristics lie both in first and third quadrant
 However, the relays responds for unlimited distance in reverse direction
 The relay must be used in conjunction with directional or distance relay

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 Chapter 6: Protection of Transmission lines

 Performance of impedance relay during power swing

 Under steady state conditions, the rotor angle is constant
 The rotor angle (angle between rotor flux and stator flux) needs to adjust
 Due to inertia of rotating systems, rotor slowly reach new angular position
 The slow and oscillatory manner of rotor angle adjustment is power swing

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 Chapter 6: Protection of Transmission lines

 Performance of impedance relay during power swing

 During power swing, the locus of tip of impedance passes through point C
 Thus, the apparent impedance enters the trip region of relay
 The power swing causes the impedance relay to trip

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 Quiz 4, OBA:Yes, Marks 10, Time:20 minutes

 The equivalent circuit of CT is shown on left side. Draw the equivalent

circuit for bus bar protection scheme on right side. Show the current
values in equivalent circuit (10)

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 Thank you
Questions/Comments??

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