Introduction

This report delves into the volumetric calculations and associated errors pertaining to a
spherical object with a specified diameter. The primary focus lies in determining the volume
of the sphere using the provided diameter while meticulously calculating the relative and
absolute errors associated with this volume measurement.

Objectives

The primary objectives of this investigation are as follows:

Volume Calculation: Employ the provided diameter to accurately calculate the volume of the
spherical object.

Relative Error Determination: Utilize the method of logarithmic differentials to determine

the relative errors associated with the volume measurement.

Absolute Error Assessment: Employ the standard flask and two-pan balance to determine
the absolute errors associated with the volume measurement.

Methodology

Diameter Measurement: Accurately measure the diameter of the spherical object using a
graduated ruler.

Volume Determination: Calculate the volume of the sphere using the formula V = (4/3)πr³,
where r represents the measured diameter.

Relative Error Calculation: Employ the method of logarithmic differentials to determine the
relative error in volume measurement.
Absolute Error Calculation: Utilize the standard flask and two-pan balance to determine the
absolute error in volume measurement.

Firstly, we prepared a balance with trays to weigh the metal cylinder, and we found its weight
to be:

M:98g

Then, we used a calibrated ruler to measure the diameter of the cylinder, and we found it to be
3.1cm. After that, we calculated its height and found it to be 1.6cm.

Next, we brought a conical foot and measured its diameter and height, where the values were
as follows: the diameter 3.125cm and the height 1.6 cm.

Using the ruler, we calculated the volume of the cylinder using the formula:

V=3.14×h×(r2)

Where we found that the volume of the cylinder is 12.07cm³, while the volume of the conical
foot was 12.26cm³.

Then we calculated the density using the formula:

ρ=V |M
ρ 1 :8.11g|cm3

ρ2 :7.99g|cm3

Concerns:

ΔM:0.1g

ΔV

We calculated it using its law:

ΔV=V(2(Δd|d)+(Δh|h))

Where we found the uncertainty of the volume we calculated using the ruler to be
0.01, and for the conical foot, it was 3.065×10-5

We also calculated the uncertainty of the density using its law:

Δρ=(ΔM|M)+(ΔV|V)ρ

Where we found the uncertainty of the density calculated using the ruler to be 0.058,
and for the conical foot, it was 0.03.
Conclusion

This investigation thoroughly explored the volumetric calculations and associated errors for
a spherical object. The volume of the sphere was accurately determined using the provided
diameter, and the relative and absolute errors were meticulously calculated using
appropriate mathematical methods. Additionally, uncertainties in measurements were
addressed to ensure the reliability of the obtained results.

This report has significantly enhanced our understanding of volumetric calculations and
developed our skills in handling scientific data accurately and reliably. It has also
strengthened our ability to apply mathematical concepts to real-world scientific problems.