O l r g t f e l X p g r g t u l b

F a k F b - V á k gr
gr f b - N é b á i é

b‗F h h ï s fu D y st
stïrl
ïrl

I
@
W
B
L

K
X
L
B
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G]
GH
I
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D
X
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[rfkuhtg`i lt h`ddlitfgrl pfr
V
L
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Ifaéb Afkrfwé
[
G@
B
GA
A

Z.dg.'CFV
 Oçrgtfel spgrgtul

F a k F b - V á k ggrr f g - N é b á i é

b‗F h h ï s f u D y s tIfaéb
ï rl
r l Afkrfwé
[rfkuhtg`i lt h`ddlitfgrl pfr

Z`ghg lijgi uil trfkuhtg`i jrfiåfgsl k'ui rlhlugb kl blss`is

lsslitglbbls, k`iiçls pfr bls kls pûbls spgrgtulbs kl b'Gsbfd
qu'lst bl Xofyco ‟Fak Fb-Vákgr fb-Nébáié (6=55-6=5?/66::). -

Bl blhtlur y tr`uvlrf ui lislgeildlit vgvfit kl bf spgrgtufbgtç

dusubdfil, i`i kls kgsh`urs lt kls spçhubftg`is í pr`pr ` p ` s
kls rçfbgtçs dçtfpoysgquls `u kls shglihls h`sd`b`egquls,
dfgs bls d`ylis ljjlhtgjs kl bf pr`erlssg`i sur bf Z`gl. Li ui
d`t > bl vgftgqul p`ur bl h`lur lt b'Lsprgt.

Ifaéb Afkrfwé, qug f h`islitg í i`us k`iilr hlttl trfkuhtg`i

nusq
nu squà
uàhg ,
hg giçkgtl çtukgl klpugs j`rt b`ietldps bls v`gls gigtgftg-
quls D`ofddfkgliils.

65 ₢

www.fba`urfq.h`d -
Ft
F t l b g l r .. er
erfp
fpog
ogqul
qul .3Zg
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.t `u
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rf q- N
Bls Çkgtg`is Fba`urfq

- Oçrgtfel Xpgrgtulb -
 jb NX

rFak fb-Víkgr FB-NÀBÁIÀ

B ‗FHHÏX F\ D WX[ÏQL

SJ \ [ \ Q F B -E F W A T

© Kfr Fba`ugfq, 1==7

Kgstrgauç pfr >

Fga`urfq Kgjjusg`i Kgstrgautg`i
Fga`urfq
^`il Gikustrglbbl
1<, rul Jrfiå`gs kl[lssfi
5588= @z`gr-bf-Jlrrgïrl
[lb. > =6 := 8; 85 <=
[rfkuhtg`i lt i`tls
Jfx > =6 := 8; 8< :8
L-dfgb > kgstrgautg`iMfba`urfq.h`d
Ifaàb Af k r í w à

H`dpt`grs kl vlitls >

Bgarfgrgl kl b‗@rglit
6?, rul kls J`ssçs Xfgit A lrifrk
5<==< ]frgs
[çb. > =6 ;= <6 ?< 88
Jfx > =6 ;= ;: =: ;:
Jfhl í b'Gistgtut ku D`ikl Frfal
Xgtl Ula > www.`rglit-bga.h`d
L-dfgb > `rglit-bgaM`rglit-bga.h`d
Bgarfgrgl Fga`urfq
76, rul nlfi-]glrrl [gdafuk
5<=66 ]frgs
[çb/jfx > =6 ;? =< =; 15
L-dfgb > bgarfgrgl 6bMfba`urfq.h`d
6 bMfba`urfq.h`d
Xgtl Ula 3 www.fba`urfq.h`d

ÀZbBBL KL BW@I
[`us kr`gts kl rlpr`kuhtg`i, k‗fkfptftg
k‗fkfptftg`i
`i `u kl trfkuhtg`i, pfr qulbqul pr`hçkç qul hl ss`gt,
`gt,
rçslrvçss p`u r t`u s bls pfys í b‗Çkgtlur.
rçslrvç SAGABG@[OLV\L
6;8=-1==7
GXAI 75?-1-?;6:6-;<:-6 // LFI 75?1?;6:6;<:6
FBA@\QFV

8 5==6 =8:77:=: 6

[fablfu kl trfisbgttçrftg`i

frfal trfishrgptg`i frfal trfishrgptg`i

6 á, f j
\N a q
Hg t hgg q
Hg t N 6
n j d
h o \ i
h o = o
N k n w,ò
k gX yN
N r
n z a ká
BJ s Na kò
BJ s (nrY kà
BJ4 s a kfi
f
BJ 8 k kui
Nf t 0 kgi
9
Ná z £
h
&
t PP e
 Fvfit pr`p`s ku trfkuhtlur

@i il prçslitl pfs, tfit gb lst uigvlrslbbldlit h`iiu, bl

sfyo hhFak
Fak fb-Vákgr fb-Nàbáià çp`iydl kl bf tfief qákg-
rgyyf, lt qug vçhu fu xg/x gjgldl sgïhbls kl b ‗ïrl horçtgli
horçtgliil
il
S6=55-66::T
S6=55 -66::T (h`rrl
(h`rrlsp`ik
sp`ik ffuu v/vg
v /vg 6Ïdlsgïhbls kl bb‗oçegrl).
‗oçegrl).
Bl prçslit bgvrl, rlhulgb hçbïarl, dfgs nusqu‗í trïs rç
hlddlit prftgquldlit gdp`ssgabl í tr`uvlr kfis sf vlr
sg`i `rgegifbl frfal, sl v`gt trfkugt p`ur bf prldgïrl j`gs
li jrfiåfgs. [`utlj`gs, bls p`ïdls, hofitçs kfis bls rç
uig`is kl bf tfràqf lt jgeurfits kfis bl rlhulgb frfal fh
tulb, i‗`it pfs çtç trfkugts. Gbs içhlssgtlrfglit ui futrl v`
budl lt kl trïs i`darlusls i`tls p`ur îtrl gitlbbge
gitlbbgegabls.
gabls.
Xfis fv`gr b‗fdagtg`i kl h`ddlitlr bls pfr`bls ku
sfyo ,i`us fv`is içfid`gis pr`p`sç qulbquls i`tls, p`ur
fgklr bl blhtlur í h`dprlikrl hlrtfgis tlrdls tlhoigquls
pr`prls í J Gsb fd li eçiçrfb `u fu sòjgsdl li pfrt
pfrtghubgl
ghubglrr 3
k‗futrl pfrt i`us i`us s`ddls plrdgs kl prçslitlr qulb
quls rçjblxg`is í b‗`hhfsg`i kl hlrtfgis pfssfels, p`ur tli
tlr k‗lih`urfelr uil blhturl fhtgvl, lt `uvrgr b‗o`rgz`i kl
bf plisçl r`utgigïrl.
I`us s`bbghgt`is b‗gikubeli
b‗gikubelihl
hl kls blhtlurs li eçiçrf b lt
kls « gigtgçs ³ í bf v`gl li pfrtghubglr, lt s`uofgt`is í t`us
bls pr`jgts spgrgtulbs gihbus kfis bls pfr`bls ku Xubtfi kls
F wb gy f.

]r`b`eul

Fu I`d k ‗Fbbfo, bl [`ut-Dgsçrgh`rkglux, bl [rïs-D gsçrgh`rkglu x

Bl sfyo 'Fak fr-Qfzzáq, jgbs kl b‗futlur ku prçslit bg

vrl, kçhbfrl > « D`i pïrl (q u‗Fbbío b‗ferçl)
b‗ferçl),, bug q ug fssgstl
bls gdfd-s, bl slgeilur kls hlrhbls k‗gigtgçs, Faò
Duofddfk Duoyy fk-Kài 'Fak fb-Vákgr fb-Nàbáià, fb-
Ousfyià,
Ousfyi à, fb-Ofsfià, fs-Xgkàq à6,G jgbs kl Faó Xábgo Dòsá
Nficákust, jgbs kl W gdfd Duofddfk, jgbs kl W gdfd Ká-
wòk, jgbs kl Wgdád Dòsá, jgbs kl Wgdád 'Fak-Fbbfo, jgbs
kl Wgdád Dòsá fb-Nòi, jgbs kl Wgdád 'Fak-Fbbáo fb-
Duokf, jgbs kl Wgdád Ofsfi fb-Dutiá, jgbs kl Wgdád lt
prgih l kls hr`yfit s, i`trl slgei
slgeilur
lur Ofsfi, bl pltgt- jgbs ku
]r`poïtl, jgbs kl Wgdád dfeifigdl, bl Bg`i k‗Fbbfo vgh
t`rglux, bf eb`grl kls lijfits kl [ábga, bl ]rgihl kls

I`trll sfyo lst k`ih kl bf i`abl klshlikfihl ku ]r`poïtl 3 ku hû

G I`tr
tç kl s`i pïrl pfr Wgdád Ofsfi lt ku h`tç kl sf dïrl pfr Wgdád
Ousfyi. Bl qufbgjghftgj « Xgkàqà ³ sl rfpp`rtl fu prldglr hfbgjl Faó
Afcr suri`ddç fs-sgk kàq (bl vçrgkgqul).
GG jfut i`tlr qul Wgdád Nf'jfr fs-Xákgq (çefbldlit trfkugt pfr « bl
vçrgkgqul ³. Hl d`t s‗ldpb`gl pbus pfrtghubgïrldlit p`ur kçsgeilr bf
vçrfhgtç kfis bls pr`p`s), frrgïrl-pltgt-jgbs kl Wgdád Ousfyi lt qug
jgeurl kfis b‗frarl eçiçfb`egqul kl bf dïrl kl i`trl sfyo, f bug-dîdl
 p`ur frrgïrl-erfik-p
frrgïrl-erfik-pïrl
ïrl dftlrilb Duofddfk, bl jgbs k Faò Afcr. Z `gr
fussg ui futrl bgli fvlh Faò Afcr dlitg`iiç li fiilxl GGG kl i`trl
bgvrl.

6; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL 'f a k f b -q á k g r f b -nà b á i à 6<

hr`y fits1,, i`trl slgeilur

hr`yfits1 slgeil ur hFbà Gai Faò [ábga, qqu‗Fbbfo
u‗Fbbfo lli
i
i`abgssl sf jfhl lt b‗ferçl, bug lt t`us hlux qug `it çtç hgtçs
- ádài.
Bf b`ufiel lst í Fbbfo, Xlgeilur kls d`ikls, li prl
dglr lt li klriglr, í b‗lxtçrglur lt í b‗gitçrglur. B`ufiel
rçpçtçl slb`i bl i`darl kl Xls hrçfturls, b‗fssgstfihl kl
Xls pfr`bls, bl p`gks kl X`i trûil, h`ij`rdçdlit í Xf
pr`prll sftgsj
pr`pr sftgsjfhtg`i
fhtg`i 3 h`dd
h`ddll fu i`darl kl « t`ut pfgr lt
gdpfgr, oudgkl lt slh gishrgts kfis ui Bgvrl çvgklit ³83
fgisg qul kl t`ut hl qul i`trl Xlgeilur hrçl, rçpfik lt fj
jrfihogt ku içfit.
Gb hrçl sfis d`kïbl prçlxgstfit, Bug, b‗çtlrilbbldlit
Aglijfgsfit lt Açig. Gb hrçl lt d`kïbl ofrd`iglusldlit,
çvfbul lt eugkl, tul lt vgvgjgl, jfgt rgrl lt pblurlr, rfppr`
hol erfkulbbldlit kl Bug, `htr`gl dgsçrgh`rkl lt oudgbgl,
farluvl lt i`urrgt, rçn`ugt lt fttrgstl,
fttrgstl, rljusl lt k`iil - Xf
]fr`bl dfgitglit bls slpt hglux pugssfddlit krlssçs, çtf
abgt jlrd ldlit
ldl it bls d`itfeils,
d`itfe ils, pgbglrs kl bf tlrrl, lt stfag
bgsl bl s`b fpbfig - Iub il k`gt kçslspçrlr kl Xf Dgsçrg
h`rkl ig sl hr`grl í b‗farg kl Xf rusl `u kl Xf nfb`usgl. Iub
il plut çvgtlr bf rçfbgsftg`i kl Xls kçhrlts, b‗lxçhutg`i kl
Xls Fhtls lt kl X`i `rkrl. Iub il plut sl rçtrfhtlr klvfit
X`i fk`rftg`i, ig sl tr`uvlr kçiuç kl X`i Aglijfgt. Gb lst
1 Bl tgtrl kl Fdà r fb-d u‗
u‗dgiài
dgiài (prgihl kls hr`yfits) qug rlvglit pfr
lxhlbblihl í Wgrdri rrFbà Fbà plut çefbldli t s ‗litlikrl
‗litlikrl h`dd l
b‗« fppr`vgsg`iilur ³ kls hr`yfits. Li ljjlt, bl tlrdl « ádàr ³ plut
s‗livgsfelr h`ddl çtfiçtfitt kçrgvç kl « dgrfo ³, qug lst ui syi`iydl kl
« cfyb ³ (dlsurl) 3 gb s‗fegt ghg kl dlsurl kl erfgils. Gb y f kfis hlttl
j`ihtg`i kl « rçpfrtgtlur kl i`urrgturl ³ uil fbbusg`i í s`i rûbl gigtgf
tgqul (sg b‗`i vlu t sl s`uvligr `u fkdlttrl qul bf « i`urrgturl
i`urrgturl ³ lst
b`uç pfr hl qu‗gb k`iil lt rldlrhgç pfr bf pr`tlhtg`i qu‗gb
pr`hurl.
Lt qul bf « prgïrl ³; s`gt sur X`i ]r`poïtl çbu
Hlrtls qugh`iqul `aslrvl hl qul hl ]r`poïtl f trfisdgs
lst agli eugkç, lt qugh`iqul s‗li çhfrtl lst çefrç lt rlnltç.
Gb s‗fegt ku ]r`poïtl vçrgkgqul lt gklitgjgç h`ddl tlb, bl
qulb lst kçtfhoç kl hl afs d`ikl, lt fspgrl frklddlit fu
« H`dpfei`i Xuprîdl ³<. Gb lst bl ho`gsg pfrdg t`utls bls
hrçfturls > hlbug pfr b‗fd`ur kuqulb bf Zçrgtç i`us lst pfr
vliul, lt k`it bf dfigjlstftg`i (kfis hl d`ikl) f kgssgpç
bl dlis`iel (aátgb). Bf tlrrl litgïrl rlspblikgt kl sf bu
dgïrl.
]ugs qul bls « ]rgïrls ³ h`dpbïtls lt bls açiçkghtg`is
purls lt pfrjudç
pf rjudçls
ls s`glit í i`uvlfu
i`u vlfu rçpfikuls
rçpfi kuls sur bug, sur
bls elis kl sf jfdgbbl, bls trïs vlrtulux, lt sur sls h`dpf
ei`is 3 sur t`us hlux qug bls sugvlit kfis b‗lxhlbblihl,
k`it b‗fhtg`i kçsgitçrlssçl lst sfis rlpr`hol, k`it bls pf
r`bls s`it fkçquftls, lt k`it bl holdgildlit vlrs blur
Xlgeilur ldpruitl bf v`gl bf pbus kr`gtl.
Dfgitlifit, i`us klv`is lxprgdlr i`s oudabl suppbg
hftg`i, gdpb`rftg`i lt rlt`ur vlrs i`trl Xlgeilur lt Hrçf-
; fs-X fbát > qul i`us fv`is ho`gsg kl trfkugrl sgdpbldlit pfr
« prgïrl ³, fjgi kl h`islrvlr bl stybl h`ihgs ku tlxtl frfal qug i‗utgbgsl
qu‗ui slub d`t kfis hl hfs.
Bl d`t sfb át sl rfpp`rtl, slb`i bl h`itlxtl, í kgjjçrlits elirls
k‗fhtls rgtulbs k`it bf prgïrl hfi`igqul, bf prgïrl p`ur bls d`rts, lth. Gb
s‗fegt ghg k‗uil kldfikl kl « açiçkghtg`is ³ j`rdubçl pfr bl hr`yfit
fu pr`jgt ku ]r`poïtl.
« Iub il h`iifét bf sgeigjghftg`i kl bf prgïrl sur bl ]r`poïtl sgi`i
bl ]r`poïtl bug-dîdl ³ (Fodfk ft-[ànáià).

fvfit t`ut bf Xhglihl Zçrgtfabl). < fr-Qfj gq f b-f' bá (bl H`dpfei`i Xuprîdl) > slb`i kls rçhgts trfkg
trfkg
8 Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i½:, vlrslt <7. B ‗çiudçrftg`i kl hls p`bfrgtçs tg`iilbs, hl s`it bls klriglrs d`ts pr`i`ihls pfr bl ]r`poïtl sur s`i
lxprgdl ghg bf t`tfbgtç kls ho`sls. bgt kl d`rt.

6: b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l 'FAK FB-VÍKGQ FB-NÀBÁIÀ 65

tlur qug çrgelf i`trl j`rdl lt kgrgel i`trl hr`gssfihl. Gb lst « B ‗fhhï s fu dyst ïrl ³ (Ju
Jutòo. fb-e fya j. Xls pfr`bls pçiç
tòo.
i`trl p`urv`ylur lt i`urrghglr,
i`urrghglr, aglijfgtlur lt efrkgli vgeg trïrlit d`i hŘur lt bl rldpbgrlit t`tfbldlit. Lbbls jurlit
bfit qug i`us prçslrvl ku dfb, i`us k`iil bf vgl, lt çhfrtl
t`ut hl qug i`us iugrfgt. Gb fhh`dpbgt t`ut hlbf li vlrtu kl h`dp`sçls
spgrgtulb.
spgrg lt dfigjlstçls
tulb. Blur kçpb`gldlitpfr
jut bf sgihçrgtç
fssurç pfr bfdîdl
a`itçklkub‗çtft
K`
Xf Dgsçrgh`rkl, kl X`i tlikrl fd`ur, kl Xf jfvlur, kl Xf iftlur - bl dgsçrgh`rkglux
dgsçrgh`rkglux Xlgeilur kls o`ddls - lt kç
Eçiçr`sgtç lt kl Xf ]r`tlhtg`i h`istfitl 3 kfis bls pfr`bls p`sçls
p`s çls kfis bl d`ubl
d`u bl kls pr`p`
pr`p`ss fppr`prgçs
fppr` prgçs lt vçrgkg
vçrgkgquls
quls..
lt bls fhtls, pr`jçrçls lt fhh`dpbgs `uvlrtldlit `u li sl Lbbls vgslit fu pr`jgt kls fspgrfits fu Zrfg lt í hlbug kls
hrlt 3 kfis bf kgjjghubtç h`ddl kfis b‗fgsfihl 3 b`rs ku holrholurs. ³
agl
aglijf
ijfgt
gt h`ddl
h`d dl kfis b‗çp
b‗çprluv
rluvll lt bl prçn
prçnukgh
ukghl.
l. Hlrtls GG
fegt slb`i X`i v`ub`gr lt kçhrïtl hl qu‗gb s`uofgtl. Gb
h`iifét hl qug lst hfhoç 3 Gb lst gij`rdç kls h`ikgtg`is lt
ljjlts rlbftgjs fux jfutls `u fux ljj`rts k‗`açgssfihl 3 Gb
litlik lt lxfuhl bls kldfikls kl qug GG vlut. Gb i‗y f li
hlbf ig h`itlstftg`i ig oçsgtftg`i.
Fprïs hlttl kçhbfrftg`i, n ‗fn`utl qul > bls aglijfgts
? Jutòo > sgeigjgl h`iquîtl (k‗ui pfys). I`us fv`is ho`gsg kl rli
k‗Fbbfo s`it sur d`g fa`ikfits lt gigitlrr`dpus, í t`ut krl hl d`t pfr fhhïs , s‗fegssfit ku dystïrl (efya) lt kl b‗oudabl rls
d`dlit ku n`ur lt kl bf iugt, í t`ut gistfit, kfis t`us bls plht qug bug lst kó.
çtfts. Fussg Fbbfo (lxfbtç s`gt-Gb) f kgt > « Z`ukrglz-v`us Kl dîdl, efya sgeigjgl k‗fa`rk « b‗givgsgabl ³, hl qug i‗lst pfs
h`dptlr bls aglijfgts k ‗Fbbfo qul v`us il bl p`ur rglz plråu pfr bls slis ³, lth., dfgs « dystïrl ³ il i`us sldabl pfs tr`p
pf s ³: `ulih`rl > « H‗lst
H‗lst í bug qul v`us klvlz t`ut hl qug trfo
trfogr
gr bl slis, k‗futfit pbus qul « Fh hïs í b‗giv gsgabl ³ `u fu
« suprfslisgabl ³ rfpplbblrfgt jáholusldlit bl jftrfs `hhubtgstl.
frrgvl k ‗olurlu x ³5
v`us frrgvl ³5.. ]r`jgt`is kl hls dgsls fu p`git sçdfitgquls p`ur fvlrtgr qul bl

Nl i‗fg li df p`sslssg`i ig dfgi, ig hŘur, ig bfieul blhtlur i`i jfdgbglr ku I` d « Fbbfo ³ il k`gt pfs sgdpbldlit
b‗litlikrl h`ddl rçjçrfit fu h`ihl pt ofagtulb « Kglu ³, dfgs pbutût
hfpfabls kl rlhlislr hls aglijfgts. Hls klriglrs çhofpplit h`dd l uil kçsgeiftg`i
kçsgeiftg`i sfhrçl ku Dystïrl çvgklit lt gikghgabl.
gikghgabl.
í t`utl çiudçrftg`i, bls gitlbbgelihls il pfrvgliilit í bls
kgstgieulr, bls hŘurs í bls rçhfpgtublr, bls bfieuls í bls lx
pbghgtlr.
pbghgt lr.
[`utlj`gs pfrdg bls lxprlssg`is plrdgsls í bf bfieul,
prçsl rvçls pfr b‗çhrgt, `u kçvlb`pp
kçv lb`ppçls
çls pfr b‗lxp bghgtftg`i,
bghgtft g`i,
lxgstl hl qul n‗fg pu plrhlv`gr í bf blhturl ku bgvrl kl
: Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½6:, vl rslt 6?.

5 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½6:, vlrslt <8.

]rldglr kgsh`urs >

Kl hl qug lst fas`budlit içhlssfgrl

í t`ut hr`yfit

Gb (bl sfyo) f kgt, qu‗Fbbáo b‗ferçl lt bug k`iil bf sftgs

jfhtg`i7> [`ut hr`yfit k`gt `abgeft`grldlit îtrl li p`ssls
sg`i kl tr`gs ho`sls, qulb qul s`gt pfr fgbblurs s`i çtft >
- \i `rkrl fuqulb gb sl h`ij`rdl,
- uil gitlrkghtg`i qu‗gb rlsplhtl
- lt ui kçhrlt kgvgi Sh`ihlrifit sf vglT k`it gb lst sftgs
jfgt.
Fgisg bf d`gikrl h`ikgtg`i ku hr`yfit h`isgstl í il
p`gi t îtrl kçp` urvu kl b ‗uil kl hls tr `gs ho`sls.
Gb bug gih`dal k‗y fstrlgikrl s`i hŘur, k‗li h`ivfgihrl
s`i ádl (ifjs )b½ lt k‗y h`ij`rdlr sls jfhubtçs kfis t`us
sls çtfts.

7 Hlttl j`rdubl, rli`uvlbçl li tîtl tîtl kl hofqul kgsh`urs (sfuj bl

6<bïdl) il sl rf pbus rfpp`rt çl kfis bf su gtl kl b f trfkuhtg`i. B ‗ljjlt kl
rçpçtgtg`i pr`prl fux hubturls `rglitfbls rgsqufit kl jfgrl çpr`uvlr ui
slitgdlit kl « d`i`t`igl ³ fu blhtlur `hhgklitfb.6
`hhgklitfb. =6

6= Ifjsuou > sgeigjgl fussg bug-dîdl. I`u s trfku

trfkugr`i
gr`iss bl pbus
pbus s`u
vlit ifjs pfr ádl. [`utlj`gs, hl tlrdl, slb`i bls h`itlxtls plut kçsg
eilr fussg agli bl d`g gikgvgkulb qul bl X`g Kgvgi. I`us il p`uv`is
ghg kgshutlr hlttl gdp`rtfitl
gdp`rtfitl qulstg`i.

Kluxgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl b‗lxo`rtftg`i dutulbbl fu agli

Xugvlz jgkïbldlit bf v`gl trfhçl pfr bl ]r`poïtl YgO) lt

i‗gii`vlz p`git. @açgsslz lt il trfiserlsslz p`git. \igjglz
Fbbfo 66lt i ‗fss`hglz p`git
p`git.. Z` ylz bl vrfg h`ddl pu r lt il
hfb`diglz pfs. Qlh`iifgsslz bl vrfg lt il k`utlz p`git.
]ftglitlz lt il v`us gdpftglitlz p`git. Kldlurlz jlrdls.
Fttliklz, eulttlz lt il kçslspçrlz p`git. X`ylz jrïrls lt
i`i liildgs. Qçuigsslz-v`us fut`ur kl b‗`açgssfihl í Fb
bfo lt í X`i ]r`poïtl sfis nfdfgs v`us kçsuigr. Fg
dlz-v`us bls uis bls futrls lt il v`us ofàsslz p`git. ]urg
jglz-v`us kls pçhoçs. Il bls bfgsslz pfs v`us s`ugbblr. Il
v`us y vfutrlz p`git, dfgs pfrlz-v`us kl b‗`açgssfihl í
v`trl Xlgeilur. Il v`us çb`geilz p`git kl Xf p`rtl. Il kç
t`urilz p`git v`trl fttlitg`i kl Bug. Il rldlttlz p`git bl
rlplitgr í pbus tfrk. Il v`us bfsslz p`git kl v`us lxhuslr
fuprïs kl v`trl hrçftlur 3 kl n`u r h`ddl kl iugt. Hfr plut-
îtrl v`us slrf-t-gb jfgt dgsçrgh`rkl lt fhhçklrlz-v`us fgisg
í bf jçbghgtç.
jçbghgtç.
]lut-îtrl slrlz-v`us çb`geiç ku jlu lt v`us rçn`ugrlz-
v`us kfis bl ]frfkgs. ]lut-îtrl pfrvglikrlz-v`us í Fbbfo
;òC lt v`us tr`uvlrlz-v`us çtlrilbbldlit `hhupçs fux
kçbghglux b`gsgrs, li h`dpfeigl kl « vglrels ³ (pfrfkgsgf
 quls) kfis bf kldlurl kl bf ]fgx. Nuhoçs sur kls d`iturls
fueustls, v`us slrlz rçn`ugs pfr bls o`urgs, bls pfrjuds lt

GG Ufogkò > bgttçrfbldlit, uigjglz.

11 B‗FHHÏX f u dystïrl

bls v`gx kls lshbfvls hofitlusls. Z`us slrlz çblvçs fuprïs

kls ]r`po ïtls, kls vç rgkgquls, kls dfrtyrs l t kls pgl ux61
ux61*
. [r`gsgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl b‗çprluvl

B`rsqul bl slrvgtlur rlih`itrl uil çprluvl, gb h`d

dlihl pfr v`ub`gr bf surd`itlr pfr sls pr`prls j`rhls. X‗gb
i‗y pfrvglit pfs, gb holrhol fb`rs b‗fgkl kls hrçfturls > bls
subtfis, bls o`ddls ku p`uv`gr, bls elis kl hl afs d`ikl,
bls rghols, `u agli bls dçklhgis b`rsqu‗gb s‗fegt kl dfbf
kgls.
Lt sg hlttl tlitftgvl il rçs`ut t`un`urs rgli, fb`rs gb sl
t`uril vlrs s`i Xlgeilur pfr bf prgïrl kl kldfikl,
b‗oudabl suppbgqul lt bf b`ufiel.
Fgisg, tfit qu‗gb sl slit hfpfabl kl trg`dpolr pfr bug-
dîdl kls `astfhbls, gb il sl t`uril pfs vlrs bls hrçfturls 3
lt tfit qu‗gb tr`uvl fssgstfihl fuprïs k‗futrug, gb il
61 GG il jfu
jfutt pfs li rlst
rlstlr
lr í bf
bf blttrl
blttrl kl hls klshr
klshrgptg
gptg`is
`is ku ]]frf
frfkgs
kgs
(dîdl s ‗gb jfut fussg bls fhhlptlr kfis blur bgttçrfb
bgttçrfbgtç).
gtç). K ‗fgbblurs, bf
s‗`rglitl pfs vlrs bl Hrçftlur. Dfgs fprïs hlttl klrigïrl
jgi kl hl kgsh`urs dlitg`iil uil ogçrfrhogl k‗îtrls, rfpplbçl kfis bl tlitftgvl, dîdl s‗gb il tr`uvl pfs kl rçp`isl fuprïs ku
Vur‗fi. lt qug klvrfgt rltligr i`trl fttlitg`i, hfr gb s‗fegt agli k‗uil Hrçftlur, v`gbí qu‗gb sl nlttl í Xls pglks kfis ui fafik`i
çiudçrftg`i kl hftçe`rgls gigtgftgquls. Xgeifb`is sur hl klriglr p`git t`tfb. Gb plrsgstl kfis bf kldfikl lt bf b`ufiel, rlh`iifgs
qul bl d`t « dfrtyr
dfrtyr ³ s geigjgl çefbldlit « tçd`gi ³ lt qul bl d`t
sfit pblgildlit s`i gdpugssfihl lt s`i gikgelihl, fvlh í
sábgo qug lst usulbbldlit trfkugt pfr « pglux ³ gikgqul pfr s`i çtyd`
b`egl bls slis kl « rçpfrlr, frrfielr, rçtfabgr ³ lt fussg « îtrl fptl í ³
bf j`gs, hrfgitl l t lsp`gr.
hl qug sueeïrl bl slis « k‗fptgtukl ³ lt kl « prçkgsp`sgtg`i fkçquftl ³ F hl d`dlit bí, bl Hrçftlur bug ûtl bf j`rhl dîdl
`u kl « qufbgjghftg`i ³ pbutût qul bl slub slis « d`rfb ³ lt strghtldlit
k‗gdpb`rlr, rljusl kl bug rçp`ikrl, fjgi kl b‗fdlilr jgif
« rlbgeglux ³, k‗o`ddl « pglux ³. Hl d`t sl rltr`uvl fussg kfis
b‗lxprlssg`i qur‗áigqul fb- hfdáb fs- sábgof trfkugtl pfr « Řuvrls pgls ³ bldlit í sl kçtfholr kl t`utls bls hfusls slh`ikls lt
lt qug slrfgt dglux rlikul ku p`git kl vul gigtgftgq
gigtgftgqul,
ul, pfr bls « Řuvrls d`ylis ofagtulbs. B`rsqul hl rli`ihldlit lst fhh`dpbg,
kl rçgitçerftg`i ³. bl Hrçftlur lxçhutl X`i Kçhrlt lt dfigjlstl X`i Fhtl li
Hls fhtg`is s`it kfis bl Vur‗ái gikgss`hgfabls kl bf j`g. Bl d`t j` g bug. Bl slrvgtlur s‗fiçfitgt pfr rfpp`rt í t`us bls d`ylis lt
(gdfi) vglit kl bf rfhgil F.D.I. qug gikgqul bf sçhurgtç, bf stfagbgtç lt d`uvldlits pr`prls lt kldlurl h`ddl ui pur Lsprgt
bf h`ijgfihl, blsqulbbls il s`it vçrgtfabldlit h`dduigquçls qul pfr
(ròo). Gb il v`gt rgli k‗futrl qul b‗Fhtl k‗Fbbfo ft-
bf hlrtgtukl, h‗lst-í-kgrl bf H`iifgssfihl ljjlhtgvl.

1; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL
'F AK FB-VÁKGQ FB-NÀBÁIÀ
FB-N ÀBÁIÀ 1<

tlgit bf hlrtgtukl kfis bl tfwogk 3 fttlstfit qu‗gb i‗y f iç

Xls shglihls lt lst çblvç í bf kgeigtç pr`prl í bf h`iifgs
hlssfgrldlit p`git k‗felit, li rçfbgtç, sgi`i Fbbfo sfihl kls slhrlts kl Xls kçhrlts.
]`git k‗gihgtftlurs fu d`uvldlit `u fu rlp`s, p`git kl
dfb ig kl agli, ig kl prçnukghl ig kl aglijfgt, ig kl k`i ig H‗lst í pfrtgr kl Bug qu‗gb litlik lt prlik h`ishglihl 3
kl rljus, ig k‗`uvlrturl ig kl jlrdlturl, ig kl d`rt ig kl pugs gb b`ul lt rldlrhg
rldlrhgll p`ur hl prgvgbïel
prgvg bïel lt fkrls
fkrlssl
sl kls
vgl, ig k‗o`iilur ig k‗oudgbgftg`i, qug il s`glit kfis bf prgïrlss (t /u f ‗)6;.
prgïrl
dfgi (bl p`uv`gr) k‗Fbbfo Gb klvglit fb`rs pfr rfpp`rt
fu klstgi h`ddl bl i`urrgss`i litrl bls dfgis kl bf i`ur
rghl, `u h`ddl bl d`rt litrl bls dfgis ku bfvlur kl d`rts,
`u lih`rl h`ddl bf afbbl s`us bls h`ups ku dfgbblt ku
n`u lu
lurr kl ]`b`.
] `b`.
Gb sl tr`uvl rlt`uriç, kçpbfhç, d`kgjgç, kçduig kl t`utl
hfusl d`trghl qul hlbbl-hg s`gt sgliil `u pr`vgliil
k‗futrug. Faslit kl bug-dîdl, gb lst litgïrldlit lieb`utg
kfis b‗Fhtl kl X`i Xlgeilur ( Dfw bá ). Gb il plrå`gt pbus
qul X`i Dfétrl lt X`i Fhtl, il rlh`iifgssfit iub futrl
kfis t`ut hl qu‗gb v`gt, litlik `u h`iifét.
Hl s`it Xls pfr`bls qu‗gb litlik. H‗lst pfr Xf shglihl
qu‗gb sfgt, pfr X`i Aglijfgt qu‗gb sl kçblhtl, pfr Xf
pr`xgdgt
pr`x gdgtçç qu
qu‗gb
‗gb lst olurlux,
olurlu x, pfr X`i rfppr`ho
rfpp r`holdli
ldlitt qu ‗gb
s‗ldalbbgt lt s‗lii`abgt. ]fr Xf ]r`dlssl gb lst fpfgsç lt
rfssurç. ]fr X`i kgsh`urs, sf s`bgtukl sl kgssgpl. Kl t`ut
futrl qul Bug, gb sl kçsgitçrlssl lt çpr`uvl rçpubsg`i. Gb sl
rçjuegl fvlh fssurfihl kfis X`i Giv`hftg`i (kgcr)68. Li
Bug slub, gb pbfhl sf h`ijgfihl lt í Bug slub gb s‗li rldlt
t`tfbldlit. Gb s‗çhbfgrl í bf budgïrl kl Xf h`iifgssfihl, lt
s‗li rlvît h`ddl k‗ui ofagt. Gb kçh`uvrl bls dlrvlgbbls kl
 6; £9i
£9i'f‗
'f‗ > prgïrl
prgïrl ggikgvgkulb
ikgvgkulbbl,
bl, kg
kgstgiht
stgihtll kl bf prgïrl
prgïrl hfi`igqul, lt
68 K gc r > s`uvligr, dçd`rgsftg`i lt giv`hftg`i. Li tfit h`dp`rtfit kls kldfikls p`ur s`g lt/`u k‗futrls.
qu‗giv`hftg`i bl kgcr, klvglit pr`erlssgvldlit pbus pr`j`ik nusqu‗í
hl qu‗Fbbfo Bug-Dîdl b‗fhh`dpbgssl `u, futrldlit kgt, çtlgeil bl slr
vgtlurr lt s`i giv`hftg`i pf
vgtlu pfrr Xf ]rçslihl. F hl d`dlit-bí b ‗lxprlssg`i
X`i giv`hftg`i prlik bl slis j`rt.

Vuftrgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl bf d`rt gitlbbgegabl (df'fifwé)

Xg tu dlurs fux hrçfturls, gb slrf kgt > « Vu‗Fbbfo

tl jfssl dgs çrgh`r kl6< lt tl jfssl d`urgr í bf pfssg`i ³. Xg
tu dlurs í bf pfssg`i, gb tl slrf kgt > « Vu‗Fbbío tl jfssl
dgsçrgh`rkl lt tl jfssl vgvrl k‗uil vgl i`i sugvgl pfr bf
d`rt. [u klvglikrfs rghol, k‗uil fgsfihl i`i sugvgl kl
pfuvr ltç. [u rlhlv
pfuvrltç. r lhlv rfs lt il hrfgikrfs
hrfgi krfs pbus k‗lssu ylr ui r l-
jus ubtçrglur. [u n`ugrfs k‗ui aglijfgt i`i sugvg k‗ui dfb
qulbh`iqul. [u `atglikrfs uil shglihl i`i sugvgl
k‗gei`rfihl. [u sfv`urlrfs ui çtft kl sçhurgtç i`i sugvg ku
e`ót kl bf hrfgitl. [u slrfs olurlux lt i`i dfbolurlux,
rfppr`hoç lt i`i çb`geiç, çblvç lt i`i fafgssç, h`isgkçrç
lt i`i dçprgsç, purgjgç lt i`i s`ugbbç. Hls lsp`grs slr`it
t`us fttlgits 3 hfr tu klvglikrfs ui X`ujrl Q`u el6:fu p`git
k‗îtrl í plgil plrhlptgabl (p`ur bls elis), gifhhlssgabl lt
rfrl, giçefbfabl, uigqul lt sfis pfrlgb. [u slrfs kgstgiht
(▭wáogk), uil lspïhl í t`g slub > ui sgieubglr. Bl Xgieubglr
(jfr k) > uil uigtç li b‗\igtç (wgtr) 3 dystïrl ku dystïrl,
slhrlt ku slhrlt. [u oçrgtlrfs fb`rs kl t`ut ]r`poïtl
kl t`ut vçrgkgqul lt kl t`ut dlssfelr. ]fr t`g sl tr`uvlrf

6< Hlttl j`rdubl lst i`tfddlit

i`tfddlit utgbgsçl (dfgs i`i lxhbusgvl dlit)
b`rsqul b‗`i dlitg`iil ui kçjuit.
6: Klerç ku « X`ujrl Q `uel ³ kçsge il ui klerç trïs
trïs çblv ç kl rçfbg
sftg`i. Z`hfaubfgrl li rfpp`rt çvgklit fvlh bl syda`bgsdl fbhogdgqul
ku Erfik őuvrl.

1? B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL
'f ak f b -q á k gr f b -n gb á ià 17

shlbbçl bf sfsfgitltç
gitltç665. [u klvglikrfs bfb f kgrlh tg`i p`ur
p `ur bls hlux qug ofagtïrlit bls tlrrls jlrdls lt bls pfrh`ururlit16.
fakíb-s6?
s6?. ]fr t`
t`gg slr`it blv
blvçls
çls bls kgjjghub
kgjj ghubtçs,
tçs, pfr
p fr t`g bls
« [lbbl lst bf eráhl k ‗Fbbfo ;D]3
;D]3 Gb b ‗fhh`rkl í qug GG
pbuglss t`da
pbugl t`dalr`it
lr`it,, bls erfgils
erfgi ls p`u sslr`i
ssl r`it6
t677. ]f
]frr t`g, bls vlut lt Fbbfo ;D]p`
p`ssï
ssïkl
kl bf eráhl
eráh l gd dlis l ³ ³ 11.
dfbolurs lt bls çprluvls slr`it rlp`ussçs fu pr`jgt kl
b‗çbgtl lt ku h`ddui, kls elis kls h`ijgis bls pbus çb`g-
eiçs, kls kgrgelfits lt kl blurs sunlts, kls gdád-s lt kl bf
h`dduifutç ( \ddf)1=. [u slrfs bl e`uvlrilur kls pfys
(agbák) lt kl blurs ofagtfits (Gaák). Bls elis fhh`urr`it
vlrs t`g, t‗`jjrfit oudabldlit blurs k`is lt blurs slrvghls.
Gb li slrf fgisg pfr bf plrdgssg`i ku Hrçftlur kl t`utls
ho`sls, lt tu bl h`istftlrfs kfis t`us bls çtfts. Bls bfieuls
t‗çv`qulr`it li agli, tl b`ulr`it, hbfdlr`it t`i çb`el. Bls
elis slr`it uifigdls í t`i pr`p`s, û t`g, bl dlgbblur kl

65 Qçjçrli hl í bf jfdlusl i`tg`i kl « Xhlfu kl bf Xfgitltç ³. @i

rldfrqul qu‗ghg hlttl « j`ihtg`i ³ i‗lst pfs b‗fpfifel k‗uil plrs`iil
uigqul k l b‗ogst`grl « `anlhtgvl ³. B‗`i p`urrf t`utlj`gs li kçkugrl
qul bf stftg`i çtfgt h`iiul klpugs b`ietldps pfr bls gigtgçs kl b‗Gsbád,
dfgs qu‗lbbl il jut dfigjlstçl
dfigjlstçl qu‗fvlh bf vliul fu d`ikl kl Xfyygké
Duoyy fk-Kéi (`u k‗futrls plrs`iifels). Bf qulstg`i rlstl `uvlrtl.
Hl i‗lst pfs ghg bl bglu kl bf kgshutlr kfvfitfel.

6? Fak áb-s (pburglb kl afkfb ) > tlrd

tlrdll agli h`iiu kçsgeifit uil hf
tçe`rgl k‗gigtgçs. ]`ur Xfyygké ‗Fak fb-Vákgr, hl tlrdl kçsgeil hlux
qug s`it t`tfbldlit « çtlgits ³ kfis bl Zrfg ( Of qq) Blur v`b`itç f çtç
rldpbfhçl ( tfaf kfb ft ) pfr hlbbl ku Zrfg (hj. bl b` bïdl kgsh`urs). Blur
sgeil kgstgihtgj lst bf jfhubtç dgrfhublusl qug blur lst h`ijçrçl kl p`u
v`gr pfrh`urgr kls kgstfihls çi`rdls li ui hbgi k‗Řgb. Bls ofkàt-s lt
trfkgtg`is dlitg`iifit bls « faká b-s ³ `it çtç rçuigs pfr Wgdád fs-
Xuyòtà kfis s`i bgvrl « fb-Ofaf ru fk -kábu hfbá kgcrg f b-f aká bà ³. 16 Lxprlssg`i p`ur kçsgeilr bls o`dd ls plupbfit i`trl tlrrl
tlrrl (dfgs
qug i‗lxhbul pfs ui slis gigtgftgqul...).
67 @i plrhlvrf fgsçdlit bl syda`bgsd l kl hls « p`uv`grs ³, qug
slrvlit í fgklr bl pr`erïs spgrgtulb kls kgshgpbls, sg b‗`i sl s`uvglit 11 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½:1, vlrslt ;.
qul « i ç`poytl ³ sgeigjgl çtyd`b`egquldlit « nluil p`ussl ³.

1= Bls d`ts « gdfd ³ lt « \ddf ³ pr`hïklit k‗uil dîdl rfhgil,

h`ddl p`ur h`itgiulr qul bf « h`dduifutç trfkgtg`iilbbl ³ lst hlbbl
qug s‗`refigsl fut`ur k‗ui fxl. ]fs i‗gdp`rtl qulb fxl, dfgs agli hl
bug qug rlbgl bf tlrrl fu hglb.

Hgiqugïdl kgsh`urs >

N j'

Kl J çtft kl hl afs d`ikl

lt kl Jlxo`rtftg
lxo`rtftg`i`i í il pfs y pr
prît
îtlr
lr
fttlitg`i

B`rsqul tu v`gs hl afs d`ikl li bf p`sslssg`i kl sls

p`tli tfts 3 fvlh sls ft`urs, sls vfigtçs, sls rusls, sls pgï -
els lt sls p`gs`is d`rtlNs 3 fvlh s`i fppfrlihl ferçfabl
dfgs kgssgdubftrghl kl sf vçrgtfabl lt i`hgvl ifturl 3 sf
pr`d ptgtu
ptgtukl
kl í kçtrug rl 3 sf hfpfhgt ç í kçhgd lr qugh` iqul
s‗li fppr`hol lt s‗y bfgssl sçkugrl (li çtfit) gifttlitgj í
s`i dfétrl18 3 fvlh s`i fppr`prgftg`i nfb`usl kl sls ofa g-
tfits lt s`i kçsfvlu h`istfit kl sls slrdlits. B`rsqul
fgisg tu v`gs hl afs d`ikl, fb`rs fegs h`ddl qug plrhl-
vrfgt ui o`ddl fhhr`upg p`ur jfgrl sls als`gis, lxogafit
sls pfrtgls o`itlusls lt kçefelfit uil `klur ifusçf-
a`ik l > kçt` uril t`i rlefrk lt h` uvrl t`i ilz p`ur
p`u r il rgli
slitgr. @ug,
@u g, s`gs fgisg kfis hl afs d `ikl > kïs qul tu
b‗fplrå`gs, kçt`uril t`i rlefrk kl sls pfrurls lt a`uhol
t`i ilz fjgi kl il pfs oudlr bls `klurs kl sls kçsgrs lt kl
sls n`ugssfihls. H‗lst í hl prgx qul tu li slrfs sfuvç. Bf
pfrt qug t‗li lst fbb`u
fbb`uçl
çl tl pfrvgl ikrf kl t`utl dfigïrl , lt
tu li n`ugrfs pfgsgabldlit.
Fbbfo ]r`poïtll g X ) çbu > « Il jf gs pf s
kgt í s`i ]r`poït
fttlitg`i fux pr`jgts qul i`us bfgss`is í hlrtfgis 3 h‗lst

18 ]fr dfétrl kl hl afs d`ikl, Jfutlur kçsgeil ghg bl kgfabl.

81 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

bl hbgiqufit kl hlttl vgl p`ur bls tlitlr, dfgs bls k`is kl

[`i slgeilur s`it dlgbblurs lt pbus kurfabls
kurfabls ³1;. Xgxgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl b‗lxtgihtg`i (jfif) fux hrçfturls

Ltlgis-t`g fux hrçfturls fvlh bf plrdgssg`i k‗Fbbfo

ÇòC í tf pfssg`i kl pfr b‗`rkrl k‗Fbbfo > « Z`us kl
vlz v`us h`ijglr litgïrldlit í Fbbfo, sg v`us îtls
hr`yfits ³1< lt í tf v`b`itç pr`prl
pr`p rl kfis b ‗Fhtl
‗Fhtl k ‗Fbbfo
ÇOC Fb`rs slubldlit tu klvglikrfs fptl í klvligr ui rç-
hgptfhbl p`ur bf shglihl k‗Fbbfo ;òC
Bl sgeil kl t`i lxtgihtg`i fux hrçfturls h‗lst qul tu tl
sçpfrls k‗lb
k ‗lbbls
bls lt i ‗ls
‗lspïrl
pïrl pbus li blurs aglijfgts.
Bl sgeil kl t`i lxtgihtg`i í bf pfssg`i rçsgkl kfis
b‗fafik`i kl bf v`b`itç k‗fhqugsgtg`i lt bl kçtfholdlit
kls d`ylis (hfusls slh`ikls) pfr blsqulbs tu t‗fttgrfgs
Jutgbl lt rlp`ussfgs
d`uvldlit li t`g, tubliliugsgabl.
h`dptls [u
pbusilsur
h`istftls pbusj`r
tls pr`prls kl
hls p`ur fegr, tu il t‗çb`geils pfs i`i pbus kl t`g-dîdl,
ig il t‗li ljjrfyls.
 Fafik`iil t`ut í Fbbfo hfr kl dîdl qu‗éb vlgbbfgt
sur t`g fu kçaut, Gb vlgbblrf pfrlgbbldlit í bf jgi. Li ljjlt,
t`ut kçplikfgt kl Bug b`rsqul tu tl tr`uvfgs hfhoç kfis bf
dftrghl kl tf dïrl, pugs lih`rl i`urrgss`i kfis t`i alr
hlfu.
Bl sgeil kl t`i lxtgihtg`i í tf v`b`itç pr`prl kfis
b‗Fhtl k‗Fbbfo ; = } h`isgstl í il pbus rgli v`ub`gr, kldlu
1; Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1 =, vlrs lt 686. rfit sfis kçsgr pfrtghubglr, sfis als`gi `u `anlhtgj kgstgiht

1<Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½<, vlrslt 18.

N
8; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL ‗f a k f b - q á k g r FB-NÉBÁIb 8<

qug s‗gdp`sl. [u il kçsgrls pbus futrl ho`sl fuprïs kl bf Hl qug sgeigjgl qul b‗fhtg`i lt bf kçhgsg`i slr`it plråuls
v`b`itç k‗Fbbfo «jg#. B‗Fhtl k‗Fbbfo *($# fegssfit Xlub li pfr bls futrls h`dd l vlifit
vlifi t kl t`g, dfgs qu‗li
qu ‗li rç
rçfbgtç,
fbgtç, gb
t`g, tu çpr`uvls bf qugçtukl kfis tls dldarls, s‗fegrf kl b‗Fhtl lt ku Z`ub`gr k‗Fbbfo «je# kfis bl
« b‗çbfregssldlit ³ kl bf p`gtrgil, b‗gbbudgiftg`i kl bf jfhl, d`ikl. [u slrfs fb`rs fu i`darl kl hlux k`it bls hŘurs
bf pbçigtukl gitçrglurl, b‗gikçplikfihl pfr rfpp`rt fux `it çtç argsçs, bls v`b`itçs oudfgils r`dpuls, bls kçsgrs
« ho`sls ³ lxgstfitls, h`dabç qul tu ls pfr blur Hrçftlur. ifturlbs fiçfitgs lt rldpbfhçs pfr uil v`b`itç slgeilu
rgfbl. H`ddl b‗f fjjgrdç bl ]r`poïtl ;D ) > « @i d ‗f jfgt
Bf Dfgi kl bf t`utl pugssfihl tl rlt`uril slb`i X`i fgdlr kl v`trl d `ikl tr`gs ho`sls > bl pfrjud, bls jldd ls,
a`i v`ub`gr,
v`ub` gr, bf bfieul
bfieu l kl b ‗çtlrigtç t‗fpp
t‗fpplbbl
lbbl í tl rfpp
rfppr`
r`
lt (df n`gl pr`j`ikl)17ju t pbfhçl kfis bf ]rgïrl hfi`ig
holr lt bl Xlgeilur kls k`htrgils (dgbfbb ) t‗lislgeil kgrlh
qul ³ - Gb rlåut hlbf fprïs
fprïs qul jut ûtç kl bug b‗fd`ur pfs
tldlit, tl rlvîtfit kl budgïrls lt pfrurls gssuls kl Bug, lt
tl pbfåfit fu rfie kls kçtlitlurs (òbò fb-'gbd ) kl bf sg`iilblt- gikgquç
tg`iiç H‗lst bffbbusgvldlit
h`ijgr
h`ijgrdftg`i
dftg`ifupfrfvfit.
kl hl qul i`us
Fbbfo fv`is
«jj# dli
kgt >
Xhglihl
Xhgli hl prld
p rldgïrl1
gïrl1::. « Nl sugs
s ugs fupr ïs kl hlux k `i
`itt bls hŘ urs s `i
`itt argsç s í hfusl
[u kldlurlrfs í nfdfgs « argsç ³. Fuhui kçsgr `u v`u kl D`g ³8=.
b`gr il rlstlrf li t`g, h`ddl p`ur ui rçhgpglit jîbç qug il Hlrtls Fbbfo «jg# il slrf pfs fuprïs kl t`g tfit qul tu
rltglit ig bl bgqugkl ig dîdl bf bgl. [`i hŘur, litgïrldlit i‗furfs t`tfbldlit rlnltç tf pfssg`i lt tf v`b`itç pr`prl.
iltt`yç kls hfrfhtïrls oudfgis15, i‗fhhlptlrf rgli k‗futrl B`rsqul tu ls argsç, qul rgli kl vfbgkl il suasgstl li t`g,
qul bf Z`b`itç ( grákf) k‗Fbbfo «jg#. [u tl vlrrfs fb`rs ft Fbbfo «jg# tl rlhrçl lt kgsp`sl li t`g uil i`uvlbbl v`b`itç
trgaulr bls p`uv`grs kl « hrçlr ³ ( tfcwài ) lt kl « r`dprl pfr bfqulbbl
bfqu lbbl lxlr
lxlrhlr
hlr bl v`ub`gr. Xg hhlpli
lplikfi
kfitt tu t‗gdd
t‗gddgshls
gshls
bls ofagtukls ³ (ofrq fb-'ákát)1?. lih`rl kfis hlttl v`b`itç iluvl hrççl li t`g, bl Xlgeilur
t‗fiigogblrf í hlttl lxgstlihl tgliil qug sl dîbl í lbbl.
H‗lst p`urqu`g tu furfs plrpçtulbbldlit bl hŘur argsç. Gb
il hlsslrf kl pr`hçklr fgisg, rli`uvlbfit lt kçtrugsfit tf
1: Hj. Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½6?, vlrslt 8, p`ur b‗lxprlssg`i « òbò fb- v`b`itç nusq u‗í tf d`rt
d`rt,, olurl kl bf rlih`itrl - tlb lst bl
'gbd ³. Gb rlss`rt kl hl vlrslt qul bf shglihl prldgïrl dlitg`iiçl kfis
bl tlxtl sl rfpp`rtl fu tçd`geifel qul hls sfvfits p`rtlit, pfr pfrtghg
slis kl > « fuprïs kl hlux s`it bls hŘurs s`it argsçs í
pftg`i í b‗çtldlb tçd`geifel qu‗Fbbáo Bug-Dîdl p`rtl sur sf pr`prl
hfusl kl D`g ³.
uigtç.

15 « Bf h`ii fgssfihl dçtf poysgqul... i ‗lst pfs uil h`iifgs sfihl

(v`gr bf sugtl ku tlxtl). Gb lst í i`tlr qul i`trl sfyo gikgqul, fgbblurs,
oudfgil, li k‗futrl tlrdls hl i‗lst pfs li tfit qu‗o`ddl qul qu‗fvfit k‗fttlgikrl hlt çtft, g b jfut k‗fa`rk pfrvligr í bf « rupturl kls
b‗o`ddl plut y pfrvligr dfgs h‗lst li tfit qul hlt îtrl qug lst oudfgi
kfis ui kl hls çtfts lst li dîdl tldps futrl ho`sl lt pbus qu‗ui îtrl ofagtukls ³ kl sf pr`prl ádl. Gb prçh gsl fgisg qul « b‗fk`rftg`i
h`isgstl li b‗fafik`i kls ofagtukls ³ (fb-'gaákf tfrc fb-'ákf).
oudfgi ³. (Q. Euçi`i, Bf dçtfpo ysgqul `rglitfbl).
17
17 Bgttçrfbldlit > « bf jrfé
jrféholur
holur kl dls yl ux ³ > í i`tlr qul bf n`gl
1? GG s‗fegt ghg kls «o fag tuk ls³ kl bf ift url (ghg lst sls b`gs
ifturl
rçsgkl kfis bf prgïrl
prgïrl (í hfusl kl hl qu‗gb y tr`uvl
tr`uvl)) lt i‗lst pfs pr`v`
h`iiuls). Gb lst k`ih qulstg`i k‗fhh`dpbgr kls « dgrfhbls ³. Gb jfut
quçl pfr bf prgïrl lbbl dîdl (li tfit qul d`yli).
agli h`dprlikrl qul b‗futolitgqul trfkgtg`i fhh`rkl plu kl vfblur fux
« dgrfhbls ³ li tfit qul tlbs lt kçh`islgbbl kl holrholr í bls `atligr 8= Ofkàt quksà.

8: B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL ‗FAK FB-VÁKGQ FB-NÀBÁIÀ 85

Hl qul i`us litlik`is pfr bls d`ts > « t`i lxgstlihl hlttl h`istfihl kfis bf kr`gturl ( gstgqádf) qu‗`it t`un`urs
dîbçl í lbbl (bf v`b`itç) ³, h‗lst bl jfgt qul tu t‗y frrîtls (í rlholrhoç bls sfgits lt bls fakáb-s ku pfssç.
hlttl v`b`itç iluvl) p`ur y tr`uvlr bl rlp`s. Hlttl h`istfihl kfis bf kr`gturl h`isgstl li hl qu‗gbs
Fbbfo kgt kfis s`i ofkét quksé rfpp`rtç pfr s‗fiçfitgsslit, í blurs v`b`itçs gikgvgkulbbls, blsqulbbls
(Duofddfk)
(Duofddfk) (X ) > « D`i Xlrv gtlu r il hlssl kl sl rfp s`it rldpbfhçls pfr bf v`b`itç ku Zrfg. Gbs i‗`it k‗futrl
pr` ho lr kl D`g pf r bls Řuvrl s surçr `eft`grls
`eft `grls nu sq u ‗í hl v`ub`gr qul hlbug ku Zrfg, h`istfddlit lt nusqu‗í bf d`rt.
qul Nl b ‗fgdl. Xg Nl b ‗fgdl, Nl sugs X`i `uàl pfr bfqulbbl gb H‗lst p`urqu`g `i bls f i`ddçs « fakáb-s ³ (qu‗Fbbáo
litlik, Xf vul pfr bfqulbbl gb v`gt, Xf dfgi pfr bfqulbbl gb bls ferçl). ]`ur hls o`ddls-bí, bf jfutl h`isgstl í fs
sfgsgt, X`i pglk pfr blqulb gb dfrhol ³.
sfgsgt, s`hglr blur v`b`itç pr`prl í hlbbl ku vrfg, fu h`urs kl blurs
çtfts kl kgstrfhtg`i, k‗`uabg, kl h`itrfgitl, `u kl plrtl
Lt kfis uil futrl vlrsg`i > « ]fr D`g, gb litlik 3 pfr k‗lsprgt.
D`g, gb sf gsgt lt pf r D`g, gb ls t h` ishgl it ³86.
Dfgs Fbbfo kl pfr Xf Dgsçrgh`rkl bls jfgt sl rls
[`utlj`gs hlbf fkvglit kfis bl slub çtft k‗lxtgihtg`i sfgsgr pfr bl rfpplb, b‗çvlgb. Gbs rlvgliilit fb`rs kl blurs
(jfiá o í t`g-dîdl lt fux hrçfturls81. çefrldlits lt gdpb`rlit bl pfrk`i kl blur Xlgeilur.
Bls hrçfturls h`ddl t`g-dîdl rlhlbfit bl agli lt bl Hfr iub i‗lst gdplhhfabl qufit fu v`ub`gr, sfuj bls fi
dfb, i‗lspïrl k`ih pfs blur agli ig il hrfgis blur dfb. Fb els. Hls klriglrs `it çtç rlikus gdplhhfabls qufit fu v`u
bfo kldlurl
kldl url Xlub, h`dd
h`ddll GG çtfg
çtfgtt fup
fupfrfv
frfvfit8
fit888. Bl b`gr, lt bls pr`poïtls b‗`it çtç qufit í bf pfssg`i. Bl rlstl
agli lt bl dfb s`it fu p`uv`gr
p`u v`gr k‗Fbbfo
k‗Fb bfo «jjg
«jjgC
C H‗lst p`ur
p`u r kls hrçfturls, s`udgsls í b‗fstrlgitl bçefbl, il s`it gdplh
qu`g, Gb tl pbfhlrf o`rs k‗fttlgitl kl X`i dfb lt hfabls ig qufit fu v`ub`gr ig qufit í bf pfssg`i. Hlplikfit
t‗gddlrelrf kfis bls `hçfis kl X`i agli. Gb slrf bl h`itl bls Xfgits s`it p`ur hlrtfgis pr`tçeçs (ognz) kl bf pfssg`i 3
ifit kl t`ut agli, bf s`urhl kl t`ut aglijfgt, kl t`utl n`gl, tfikgs qul bls fakáb-s bl s`it kl bf v`b`itç pr`prl.
kl t`utl hbfrtç, kl t`utl sçrçigtç. Hls klux klrigïrls hftçe`rgls il s`it fgisg pfs gdplh
Fgisg b‗lxtgihtg`i (j fi f5) lst bl aut ubtgdl kfis blqulb
(jfi hfabls í pr`prldlit pfrblr, li hl slis qu‗gb blur lst plrdgs
s‗fhoïvl bl holdgildlit kls Xfgits (fw bgy á*) á*). Lbbl lst k‗çpr`uvlr ui plihofit p`ur hls ho`sls. Dfgs Fbbfo «jjòC
kfis Xf Dgsçrgh`rkl, bls jfgt sl rlssfgsgr pfr bf prgsl kl
h`ishglihl.

86 Wfhqf b sgeigjgl > gb gitlbbgel Sgb s‗fegt k‗ui iç`b`egsdl j`reç p`ur
p`ur
rlstlr fu pbus pr`hol ku vlral frfal qug il sgeigjgl pfs lxfhtldlit
« fastrfgrl ³T kl hfqb > rfgs`i, gitlbblht. Ku vlral hfqf bf > bglr, fttfholr.
H‗lst b‗gkçl kl jgxlr bls plrhlptg`is.

81 Ofbq sgeigjgl fussg agli hrçfturls qul hrçftg`i.

88 H‗lst-í-kgrl fvfit bls ho`sl s hrççls. Li ljjlt, hls klrigïrls i‗`it

qu‗uil lx gstli hl gbbus`grl pfr rfpp`r
rfpp`rtt í Bug.

Xlptgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl Jlxpubsg`i kls hof

hofergis
ergis ku hŘur
hŘu r

X`rs kl t`i ádl (ifjs) lt çhfrtl-t`g k‗lbbl. Qltgrl-t`g kl

t`i r`yfudl lt fafik`iil t`ut í Fbbfo X`gs X`i efr
kgli, vlgbbfit í bf p`rtl kl t`i hŘur. Lt `açgs í X`i `rkrl
k‗fkdlttrl qug GG v`ukrf 3 lt í X`i gitlrkghtg`i li jlrdfit
b‗fhhïs b`rsqu‗gb tl bl sgeigjglrf.
Il bfgssl pbus bf pfss
pfssg`ig`i litrl r kfis
k fis t`i hŘur fprïs li
îtrl s`rtgl, hofssl-bf fu klo`rs li t‗y `pp`sfit lt li rlju
sfit kl bug `açgr kfis t`us bls çtfts. B‗fhhlptlr lt bf sugvrl
slrfgt bf jfgrl pçiçtrlr kfis bl hŘur. Il kçsgrl fuhuil v`
b`itçç o`r
b`it o`rss kl hhlbb
lbbll k‗F
k‗Fbbf bbfo
o ³ . [`ut
[`utll fut
futrl
rl ho`sl
ho`sl lst
lst
jfussl lspçrfihl 3 vfbbçl `÷ klshliklit bls gkg`ts, kfis bf
qulbbl sl tr`uvl bf kçvgftg`i, bl ifujrfel, bf plrtl kl
b‗l
b‗lstg
stgdl
dl k‗
k‗Fbbf
Fbbfoo³ lt bbll v`g
v`gbldli
bldlitt pfr
pfr rfpp`r
rfpp`rtt í Bug
Bug..
Qlsplhtl t`un`urs X`i h`ddfikldlit lt fastglis-t`g
kl hl qu‗gb gitlrkgt lt s`udlts-t`g í Xls kçhrlts. Il bug fs
s`hgl fuhuil kl Xls hrçfturls. Xfhol qul tf v`b`itç, tf
pfssg`i , t`i kçsg r s`it Xls hrçfturl s. Il vlux rgli, il tl
pfssg `iil p`u r rgli, il kçsgrl rgli p`u r il pfs t`dt`dalr
alr
kfiss b‗fss
kfi b‗fss`hg
`hgftg
ftg`i.
`i. Fbbf
Fbbfoo ³ kgt > « Vugh`iqul lspïrl bf
rlih`itrl kl X`i slgeilur, qu‗gb Řuvrl h`rrlhtldlit lt

i ‗fss`hgl plrs` iil í b ‗fk`rftg`i kl X`i slgei lur ³8;

³8;.
« B‗fss`hgftg`i ³ i ‗lst pfs bf slubl fk` rftg`i vgs gabl
kls gk`bls, dfgs h‗lst fussg t`i `açgssfihl í tf pfssg`i, `u

8; Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½6?, vlrslt 66=.

' f a k f b -q í k g r f b -n Gb á i é ;6
;= B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

lih`rl qul tu ho`gsgssls fvlh t`i Xlgeilur qulbqul ho`sl Il h`isgkïrl

h`isg kïrl k`ih pfs qu‗Fbbío
qu ‗Fbbío s`gt gdpugss
gdp ugssfit
fit
kfis Xf pugssfihl, ig il bl hfb`digl p`ur X`i Kçhrlt lt
k‗futrl qul Bug, k‗litrl bls ho`sls kl hl d`ikl `u kl X`i fkdgigstrftg`i kls ho`sls. Il k`utl pfs kl Xf ]r`
b‗futrl. Hfr t`ut hl qug i‗lst pfs Bug lst « futrl qul Bug ³, dlssl.
lt sg tu tl rlp`sls sur « futrl qul Bug ³, tu b‗fs fss`hgç í
futrl ho`sl. X`gs fttlitgj lt il tl jgl pfs í futrl ho`sl qul Vul kfis b‗Liv`yç k‗Fbbáo tu tr`uvls ui d`kïbl
Bug, s`gs sur tls efrkls, nfdfgs li h`ijgfihl. Holrhol, il lxhlbblit855 > bls
lxhlbblit8 bls vlrslts lt s`urftls q u‗gb rlåut pfr rçvçbf
s`gs pfs kgstrfgt fu p`git k‗îtrl tr`p rfssurç. Il t‗fttrgaul tg`i 3 k‗fprïs blsqulbs bls elis fegrlit, qug jurlit rçhgtçs
fuhui çtft `u stftg`i. Il prçtliks rgli kl hlbf. klvfit bls ighols kls d`squçls lt gishrgts sur bls jlugbblts,
jurlit liblvçs (bgttçrfbldlit çblvçs), ûtçs, rldpbfhçs, tfi
Xg ui çtft t‗lst fhh`rkç `u sg tu ls pbfhç kfis uil stf
tg`i k`iiçl, i‗li rçvïbl rgli í plrs`iil. Hfr Fbbfo g § = kgs qul lt k‗futrls jurlit h`ijgrdçs8?. @r bl ]r`poïtl
lst hofqul n`ur kfis uil i`uvlbbl h`ikgtg`i, kfis bl hofi fhhlptf k`hgbldlit hls hofieldlits.
eldlit plrdfilit. Gb s‗gitlrp`sl litrl b‗o`ddl lt s`i Hlbf h`ihlril b‗lxtçrglur kl bf Xfrjf. Vufit í
hŘur. Gb hofielrf t`i çtft pfr rfpp`rt í hlbug k`it tu furfgs b‗gitçrglur, í bf shglihl, í b‗çtft lxgstfit litrl bug lt Fbbfo
gij`rdç futrug, d`kgjgfit fgisg hl qul tu fvfgs gdfegiç ÇOC
ÇOC bl ]r`poït
]r`poïtll ( X ) kgsfgt > « D`i hŘur
hŘu r sl tr`uvl li
stfabl lt plrdfilit. [u tl tr`uvlrfs kfis hl hfs, h`uvlrt iufeç kl tldps í futrl, h`ddl ç t`ujjç 3 fb`rs n ‗gdpb`rl bf
kl o`itl klvfit t`i h`ijgklit. H‗lst p`urqu`g tu k`gs efr pfr k`i k ‗Fbbá o ;D] hofqul n` ur s`gx fitl -kgx j` gs ³. Kfis
klr hls ho`sls p`ur t`g slub. [`utl h`ijgrdftg`i lt plrdf uil futrl vlrsg`i, gb lst dlitg`iiç « hlit j`gs ³.
ilihl, sfhol-bl, lst pur k`i k‗Fbbáo Kldfikl bf
Bl ]r`poïtl {'(§³} çtfgt trfisjçrç k‗uil h`ikgtg`i í uil
 eráhl k îtrl rlh`iifgssfit lt kgssgdubl t`i çtft.
Xg fb`rs gb li fbbfgt futrldlit lt qul bf ho`sl il kl futrl, h`ikugt kl pfr bls kldlurls kl bf pr`xgdgtç lt bls
hofdps ku dystïrl. Bls r`als kls budgïrls çtfglit hofqul
dlurl pfs, gb y furfgt kfis hlttl lxpçrglihl uil fuedlitf j`gs rldpbfhçls. Bf h`ikgtg`i prçhçklitl bug pfrfgssfgt,
tg`i kl tf shglihl, kl tf h`dprçolisg`i, kl t`i çvlgb lt kl klvfit bf prçslitl, h`ddl kls tçiïarls, uil gdplrjlhtg`i
t`i çkuhftg`i. li hl qug h`ihlril bl rlsplht kls bgdgtls (oukòk) (fvlh Fb
Fbbfo «jgÇ kgt > « I` us i 'far`el`is ui vlrslt (sg bfo ;gòb=- K rlhlvfgt fb`rs bf kldfikl kl pfrk`i (fppr`-
e i l )8<
)8<:
8
, sfi s li pr `k ugr l ui dl gbbl ur ` u ui sldabfabl
slda bfabl . Il
sfgs-tu pfs qu ‗Fbbfo lst sur t`utl ho`sl pu gssfi t 0 ³N:.

85 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½81, vlrslt 1.

8< Fyf > vlrslt, sgeil. [`ut, li jfgt, lst sgeil k‗Fbbáo dfgs hl d`t
kçsgeil pfr lxhlbblihl bl sgeil pfrjfgt `u wfbà (b‗fdg k‗Fbbáo). Hl vlr
slt f çtç h`dprgs kfis bl tfsfwwuj h`ddl b‗fjjgrdftg`i kl bf suhhls
sg`i gigitlrr`dpul kls Fwb gyá‗. Gb li f çtç kl dîdl kfis bl tf ‗wéb
sjgtl p`ur bf suhhlssg`i kls gdfd-s.
8:
Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1, vlrslt 6=:,
6=:,
8? GG sldabl agli qul bl sfyc i`us kgsl ghg qu‗gb y lut kls vlrslts
prftgquçs fi d`dlit, pugs fafik`iiçs lt fyfit h`dpbïtldlit kgspf
rus pfr
pfr bf sugtl (lt i`i sgdpbldlit far`eçs) ! ! ! B‗o`iiîtlt
B‗o`iiîtltçç i`us
`abgel í hlttl rldfrqul, agli qul i`us s`y`is h`ishglit qu‗lbbl pugssl
îtrl utgbgsçl pfr hlux qug tlitlit kl jfgrl k`utlr kl b‗futolitghgtç ku
Vur‗ái.

;1 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL
' f a k f b -q á k g r f b - n éb á i à ;8

prg
prgçl)
çl) 87. H
Hlttl
lttl kldfikl
kld fikl lst bl pbus lxhl
lxhlbbli
bblitt çtft k ‗ui slr
nustl
nu stl (ouká), bls shglihls ku rlplitgr (tfwaf), bls shglihls
vgtlur, fgisg k‗fgbblurs
k ‗fgbblurs qul bl rlplitgr;
rlplitgr;== kfis t`utls bls
qug s‗y rfttfholit, bls pr`jgts hfhoçs li lbbls, lijgi, t`ut hl
h`ikgtg`is. Hfr hlttl fttgtukl h`dprlik bf rlh`iifgssfihl
qug fupfrfvfit jfgsfgt kçjfut. [`utls hls ho`sls il sl df
ku pçhoç lt kl b‗gdplrjlhtg`i klux fttrgauts fppfrtlifit fu igjlstlit qul pfr bl rlplitgr. Bf v`b`itç lst rli`uvlbçl
pr`prl
pr` prl fu slrvgtlu
slrvgtlur.
r. H ‗lst ui oçrgtf el qul bl pïrl kl
fgisg qul bf h`ikgtg`i. Zlrs bug, vgliilit bf wfbáyf su
b‗oudfigtç, Fkfd, qul bf pfgx s`gt sur bug, trfisdgs í
b‗Lbu. prîdll lt bf qugçtu
prîd qugçtukl,
kl, kfis hl d d`ikl,
`ikl, pugs kfis b‗futrl. Hl
afs d`ikl
d`ik l klvglit
klvg lit p`u r bu
bugg lt sf klshlikfi
klsh likfihl
hl uil ofbtl
ofbt l lt
B`rsqul bls tçiïarls kl b‗`uabg ku pfhtl (‟fok wf b‗futrl d`ikl ui bglu kl rlt`ur lt kl rlp`s çtldlb.
dgtáq) fbtçrïrlit bf purltç kl b‗çtft (k‗Fkfd), lt X f v`b`itç
k‗çtlrigtç kfis bf kldlurl kl bf pfgx, sf h`dpfeigl fvlh Fgisg, tu lt
Agli-Fgdç, tr`uvls
kfis kfis b‗Liv`yçFkfd,
s`i fihîtrl k‗Fbbfo X`iFbbfo
ho`gsg pfr Lbu
b‗Fgdç Dgsçrgh`rkglux lt eçiçrlux, b‗frrgvçl kls i`abls éjjejs lt çbçdlit `rgegilb kl b‗fdgtgç gitgdl, kls d`kïbls
fiels fvlh bf vgvgjghftg`i (tfogyf) lt bl sfbut kl pfgx (sf- lxhlbblits p`ur bf rlh`iifgssfihl kl t`i gdplrjlhtg`i lt bf
bád). (b`rs kl hlttl fbtçrftg`i k`ih) s`i ádl kçh`uvrgt
kldfikl kl pfrk`i kfis t`us bls çtfts.
« b‗fss`hgftg`i
b‗fss`hg ftg`i ³ kl sf v`b`itç
v`b` itç fvlh hlbbl ku Zrfg «jòg*
jòg*..
Hlttl v`b`itç jut argsçl kl hl jfgt. Bl prçhçklit çtft
eb`rglux kgspfrut. Bf wfbáyf (fdgtgç kgvgil) s‗çb`geif. Bf
kldlurl jut fafgssçl,
fafgssçl, bls budgïrls fss`dargls lt bf purltç
fbtçrçl. H‗lst í hl d`dlit qul b‗çbu ku Dgsçrgh`rkglux
(Fkfd) s‗çvlgbbf lt rfpplbf. Gb h`iiót fb`rs b‗fkdgssg`i kl
bf jfutl lt kl b‗`uabg lt rlåut b‗gispgrftg`i kl b‗fvlu. Gb
s‗çhrgf > « I`
I`trl
trl Xlg ei
eilur
lur , i` us fv` is çtç gin us
ustls
tls livl rs
i`us-dîd ls 3 sg tu il i`u s pfrk`ii ls lt il i`us jfgs
dgsçrgh`rkl, i`us slr`is fssurçdlit k‗litrl bls plr
kfits ³;6. F hlt gistfit, fjjbuïrlit bls budgïrls kl bf v`gl

87 « Kldfikl kl pfrk`i ³ kgjjçrlitl slb`i bl igvlfu fttlgit.

;= Bl « rlplitgr³ (tfwaf) d`t ku rlegstrl d`rfb, sgeigjgl k‗fa`rk

b‗gkçl kl « rlt`ur ³. H`ddl Fbbfo rlstl « pr`hol ³, bl rlt`ur í Bug,
fvlh sf plrdgssg`i, plut s‗`pçrlr gistfitfiçdlit (kfis t`utls bls
h`ikgtg`is).

;6 Bl sfy o gitr`kugt hl vlrslt pfr « Gb (Fkfd) kgt ³. Kfis bl Vur‗ái

h‗lst Fkfd lt Lvl, h`in`gitldlit, qug pr`i`ihlit hlttl porfsl fu
d`dlit kl blur « rlplitgr ³.

Ougtgïdl kgsh`urs >

Ku rfppr`holdlit hb‗Fbbfo ;j#

Xg tu tl tr`uvls kfis ui çtft k`iiç, i‗li ho`gsgs pfs ui

futrl, ig pbus çblvç ig d`gis çblvç. Xg tu tl tr`uvls í bf
p`rtl ku pfbfgs ku Q`g, il ho`gs
ho`gsgs
gs pfs k‗y litrl r fvfi t k‗y
îtrl `abgeç. Nl kçsgeil pfr « `abgeftg`i ³, uil ho`sl pugs-
sfitl, hlrtfgil lt rli`uvlbçl. Il tl h`itlitl pfs k‗uil
sgdpbl plrdgssg`i k‗litrlr 3 hlbf p`urrfgt s‗fvçrlr uil rusl
`u tr`dplrgl kl bf pfrt ku Q`g. ]ftglitl pbutût nusqu‗í tl
tr`uvlr h`itrfgit k‗litrlr. Bf jfvlur li rlvglikrf fb`rs fu
Q`g, qug il p`urrf tl puigr kl b‗fv`gr jfgt. Kfis bl hfs
 h`itrfgrl, tu t‗lxp`sls fu hoátgdlit h`isçhutgj í ui dfu-
vfgs ho`gx lt í t`i livgl hfprghglusl, í t`i gdpftglihl lt
t`i dfiqul k ‗ák‗ákáa
áa;;1 3 li ui d`t, í tf hfrlihl kfis bl
h`itlitldlit kl b‗çtft qug lst bl tgli.
B`rsqul lijgi tu fhhïkls fu pfbfgs, s`gs oudabl, afgssl
bls ylux, rlsplhtl bls h`ivlifihls ( ákáa), fhh`dpbgs hl
qug t‗lst prlshrgt, sfis holrholr í tl ogsslr fu s`ddlt su-
abgdl. Fbbf o «jòb
«jòb*
* kgt > « Il jf gs pf s fttl itg` i fu x p
pr`
r` jgt s
qul i`us bfgss`is í hlrtfgis 3 h‗lst bl hbgiqufit kl hlttl
vgl p`ur bls tlitlr, dfgs bls k`is kl t`i Xlgeilur s`it
dlgbblurs lt pbus kurfabls ³;8. H‗çtfgt b í uil çkuh ftg`i í

;1 Áká a > sl trfkugt kfis hl h`itlxtl pfr « rlsplht kls h`ivlifihls

spgrgtulbbls ³. ]rgihgpl trïs gdp`rtfit kl bf Z`gl, gb lst ui pugssfit
d`yli k‗çkuhftg`i. Gb lxgel t`utlj`gs uil pfrjfgtl sgihçrgtç p`ur il
pfs klvligr jfhtghl.

;8 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1=, vlrslt 686.

‗f a k f b - q á k g r f b - n àb á i é ;5
;: B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

b‗
b‗usfel
usfel kl s`i ]r`poïtl ho`gsg { X ) h`ihlrifit bl dfgit dfgitgli
gli tl tr`uvls pbus pr`hol kl b ‗`darl pr`tlhtrghl;
pr`tlhtrghl;;;, k`ih lx
lxp`
p`
kl b‗çtft prçslit lt bf sftgsjfhtg`i kl bf ho`sl rlåul, slb`i sç fu kfielr. Il s`uofgtl pfs îtrl kçpbfhç pbus ofut ig
Xf ]fr`bl > « Bl s k` is kl t`i Xl ge il ur s` it dl gbblgbblurs
urs lt pbus afs 3 il rlholrhol
rlhol rhol ig bf plrd
plrdfilih
filihll ig bl hofield
hof ieldlit.
lit.
pb us ku rf ab ls ³. Hl qug sgeigjgl > « Hl qul Nl t‗fg k`iiç ku [u il k`gs fv`gr fas`budlit fuhuil prçjçrlihl, hlbf slrfgt
agli, kl bf pr`poç
pr` poçtgl,
tgl, kl bf shglihl
shglih l ku h`it
h`itlitld
litldlit,
lit, kl bf uil gierftgtukl (cujr) livlrs bl aglijfgt kl hlt çtft prçslit.
pftglihl,
pftgl ihl, kl bf kgrlhtg`i
kgrl htg`i kl bf rlbgeg`i,
rlbge g`i, kls lxpçk
lxpçkgtg`i
gtg`iss 3 @r b‗gierftgtukl prçhgpgtl kfis b‗oudgbgftg`i tfit kfis hl
lst prçjçrfabl í hl qul N‗fg k`iiç í k‗futrls li hls dftgï d`ikl qul kfis b‗futrl.
rls, lt dlgbblur ³. Fegs t`un`urs h`ddl i`us tl bl kgs`is, nusqu‗í t`i çbç
vftg`i í ui çtft qug klvglikrf p`ur t`g gddufabl. [u sfu
prçsBllit,agli
prçslit, t`ut
bf ssftgsj litglr
ftgsjfhtg `i rçsgkl
fhtg`i qu ‗`i kfis bf uvl
prçslrvftg`i
li çpr`uvl
çpr` lt bl rli`iklhldlit
rli`ihldlb‗çtft
it rfs fb`rs qu‗gb s‗fegt k‗ui pur k`i kgvgi k`it bls gikghls lt
í sl t`urilr vlrs ui futrl çtft. K‗fgbblurs, hl klriglr slrfgt bls lxpbghgtftg`is slr`it dfigjlstls - Fkoïrls-y jlrdl
içhlssfgrldlit s`gt tf pfrt kçní fbb`uçl, s`gt hlbbl k‗futrug. dlit lt il bl qugttl pbus.
@u fb`rs hl il slrfgt bf pfrt kl plrs`iil, hrççl pfr Fbbfo Bls çtfts s`it b‗fpfifel kls Xfgits (fw/gyò‗), bls stf
p`ur
p` ur ç pr`uv
pr` uvlrlr sls slrvgtlurs.
slrvgtlu rs. X‗gb s‗fegt
s‗feg t kl tf pfrt, lbbl tg`is hlbbls kls fakáb-s. Lt h‗lst Fbbfo qug sl hofrel
tl pfrvglikrf, qul tu bl vlugbbls `u pfs. [u il k`gs pfs kl tl eugklr.
bfgsslr pfrfétrl
pfrfétrl kl d fiqul kl h`ivlifihls ig k ‗livgl kfis
sf rlholrhol.
rlholrhol. Hlbf lst abádfabl slb`i bl tçd`geifel dîdl
kl bf rfgs`i. Dfgitlifit, s‗gb s‗fegt kl bf pfrt rçslrvçl í
futrug, il tl jftgeul pfs í holrholr hl qul tu i‗`atglikrfs
nfdfgs.
nfd fgs. Xg jgifb
jgifbldl
ldl it gb s‗fegt k ‗uil çprluvl,
çprluv l, lt i`i
i `i k ‗uil
pfrt rlvlif
rlv lifit it í qugh
qugh`iqu
`iqul,
l, h`ddli
h`d dlitt b‗îtrl k`uç kl rfgs`i
fppr`uvlrfgt-gb bf rlholrhol k‗uil çprluvl lt fhhlptlrfgt-gb
kl b‗fttgrlr í s`g 0
Fgisg sl tr`uvl çtfabg qul bl agli t`ut litglr lt bf sfu
vlefrkl rçsgklit kfis bf prçslrvftg`i (h`ishglitl) kl b‗çtft
fhtulb.
Xg tu ls lisugtl çblvç í bf hofdarl supçrglurl pugs fu
t`gt, kldlurl
b‗oudgbgtç, agli h`ddl lti`us
bl h`itlitldlit b‗fv`iskls
bl rlsplht dlitg`iiç kfis
h`ivlifihls.
Gb lst dîdl lxgeç qul t`ut hlbf s`gt fhhru kl tf pfrt. Hfr tu ;; GG s‗fegt kl bf prçslihl ku Q`g. Í rldf
rldfrqulr
rqulr hl syda` bgsdl kl
b‗`darl qug jgeurl bf pr`nlhtg`i k ‗uil rçfbgtç supçrglurl sur bf tlrrl.
tlrrl.

Iluvgïdl
Iluvgïdl kgsh`
kgsh`urs
urs >

Ku kçv`gbldlit
lt kl bf h`itldpbftg`i

Bls fwbgyá ‗-s lt bls fakáb -s h`iifgsslit kls kçv`gbl

dlits rlbftgjs fux Fhtls k‗Fbbío ;òC tlbs qu‗gbs çab`ugs
slit bls gitlbbgelihls lt r`dplit bls ofagtukls;
ofagtukls;<
< lt bls j`r
dls h`ivlitg`iilbbls.
Hls kçv`gbldlits s`it kl klux s`rtls > kl Dfnlstç lt kl
 Alfutç. Hlux qug rlbïvlit kl bf Dfnlstç lt kl b Gddlisgtç
pr`v `qul
`qulit
it bbff plu r, bf plrturaftg
pl rturaftg`i,
`i, bf hhrfgitl,
rfgitl, bf j rfylur
rfyl ur lt
lt
uil tlbbl ldprgsl sur bl hŘur, qu‗lbbl fppfrfét sur bls
dldarls.
Gb lst rfpp`rtç qul b‗`i p`uvfgt litlikrl, vlifit kl bf
p`gtrgil
p`gtrg il ku ]r`po ïtl 2(!!) li prgïrl
prgï rl (rgtulbbl), ui arugssl
arug ssl
dlit pfrlgb fu s`i k‗ui hofukr`i li çaubbgtg`i. Hl jrgs
s`iildlit fttlstfgt kl bf pugssfihl kl bf hrfgitl pr`v`quçl
pfr bf vgsg`i kl bf Dfnlstç
Dfnlst ç k ‗Fbbfo lt kl hl qu ‗gb
fplrhlvfgt kl X`i Gddlisgtç. @i rfpp`rtl kls pr`p`s sg
dgbfgrls h`ihlrifit Garáoéd, b‗fdg gitgdl ku Dgsçrgh`r
kglux, lt
l t fussg '\d fr fb-Jár òq;:
òq;:, qu ‗Fbbfo b‗ferçl.
Vufit í bf h`itldpbftg`i kl bf Alfutç, lbbl rlvît bls
hŘurs kl budgïrls, n`gls, kçbghftlssls, pfr`bls k`uhls, kgs-

;< Z`gr bf i`tl i½1?.

;: GG s‗fegt ku kluxgïdl Hfbgjl. Bl qufbgjghftgj Járòq sgeigjgl bl

kgshrgdgiftlur.

<= B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

' f a k f b - q í k g r f b - n éb í i é <6

h`urs rçh`ij`rtfits 3 k‗fii`ihls kl k`is gdp`rtfits, kl

kldlurls çblvçls, lt lijgi kl Xf pr`xgdgtç. Z`gbí qul hlhg b‗ferçl) > « ]r`h
]r`hurl-i`
url-i` us bl rlp
rlp`s,
`s, û Agbáb, pfr b ‗gqádf <',
fvlrtgt hls prgvgbçegçs ku rlt`ur kl blur fjjfgrl ( fdrð 5 í kl s`rtl qul i`us litrg`is kfis bf ]rgïrl (rgtulbbl) ³. Bl
Fbbfo duigs kl bf pfrt fbb`uçl (qgsdf) qul bl Hfbfdl ]r`poïtl 2Xt9 y tr`uvfgt bl rlp`s ku hŘur í hfusl kl bf
fvfgt lirlegstrç, fvfit bls tldps pfssçs;5;;?,?, pfr b‗ljjlt kl bf h`itldpbftg`i k`it i`us vli`is kl pfrblr. ]`ur hlttl rfg
s`i, gb f kgt > «Bf jrféholur kl dls ylux (uil n`gl pr`
eráhl lt kl bf dgsçrgh`rkl k‗Fbbfo ;DG*. Hlttl i`uvlbbl
kl ) f çtç pbf hçl p `u r d`g kfis bf ]rgïrl (rgtulbbl) ³.
j`i kl)
blur lst h`ijgrdçl kfis hl d`ikl dîdl, li fttlitl ku
tldps prlshrgt. Gb li lst fgisg p`ur qul b‗fd`ur il bls kç
trugsl pfs, kl pfr bf vg`blihl kl blur kçsgr k‗Fbbfo 3
qul blurs litrfgbbls;7 il s`glit pfs kçhogqult
kçhogqultçls
çls (pfr
b‗gdpftglihl) lt qu‗gbs s‗li tr`uvlit rfvfeçs lt tr`p fjjfg
abgs p`p`ur
ur rldpbgr
rld pbgr blurs klv`grs
klv` grs kl slrvgtukl
slrvg tukl nunusq
sq u‗í
b‗frrgvçl kl
k l bf hlrtgtukl, bfqulbbl i ‗lst futrl qul bf d `rt<=
`rt<=*.
Fbbfo ;D]
;D] fhh`dpbgt hlbf p`ur lux pfr kçbghftlssl, dgsçrg
h`rkl. H‗lst uil dçkghftg`i fttlitgvl lt uil çkuhftg`i kl
blurs hŘurs fvlh dçifeldlit.
Gb lst Xfel ( ofcéd ), Gijgigdlit H`iifgssfit Hfbàd),
A`i (bftéj) fvlh lux, Hbçdlit (rf‗òj) lt [rïs Dgsçrgh`r
kglux ( rfoàd). Fgisg b‗`i rfpp`rtl qul bl ]r`poïtl { A j
kldfikfgt í Agbáb, bl d u‗ fzzgi (dulzzgi) (qu‗Fbbfo «jò)*6
u‗fzzgi

;5 Fdr > sgeigjgl `rkrl, h`ddfikldlit, fjjfgrl, hfusl... Hlbf lst

agli h`iiu dfgs qug h`dprlik vçrgtfabldlit « hl k`it gb s‗fegt ³ 0.
;? Bl hfbfdl f lirlegstrç bls pfrts rlvlifits í hofhui kfis
b‗çtlrigtç sfis h`ddlihldlit, « fvfit ³ bls tldps. <6 Gqádf lst bl rfpplb qug sugt b‗fpplb í bf prgïrl (ákái) lt/`u qug
prçhïkl gddçkgftldlit b ‗fhh`dpbgssldlit kl bf prgïrl rgtulbbl `abgef
;7 Bgttçrfbldlit « blurs vçsghubls agbgfgrls ³, blsqulbbls slhrçtlit bf t`grl.
agbl nfuil, kl ifturl hofukl lt sïhol (4 Jlu).

<= Hj. Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½6<, vlrslt 77. - « Lt fk`rl s t`i Xlgeilur,
nu sq u‗í hl qul vgliil í t`g bf hlrtgtukl ³. Bls h`ddlitftlurs s`it
uifigdls í v`gr, kfis bf hlrtg
hlrtgtukl
tukl ghg dlitg`ii çl, bf d`rt.

Kgxgïdl kgsh`urs >

/
/

Kl bf ifjs lt kl sls çtfts

Li jfgt, gb i‗y f qu‗Fbbfo lt t`i ádl (ifjs). Lt h‗lst

í t`g qul s‗fkrlssl bl kgsh`urs kgvgi<1
kgvgi<1. B‗ádl hofr ilbbl
(if js)<
js) <8 s‗`pp`sl í Fbbfo «tòC li liildg. ]`urtfit t`utl
 ho`sl `açgt í Fbbfo «jòc `r b‗ádl fppfrtglit, lbbl fussg, í
Fbbfo X`i Hrçftlur. Hlplikfit b‗ádl dfigjlstl kls
prçtli tg`is, kl vfgils lspçrfi hls, kls kçsgrs, kls kçb lhtf -
tg`is kuls í sf h`ijusg`i (kfis sf plrhlptg`i kl bf rçfbgtç).
Xg li fhh`rk fvlh bl Zrfg tu t‗`pp`sls í bf ifjs lt í sf

tyrfiigl,
qu‗Fbbfo gU tu $slrfs
kgt íliKáwòk
eulrrl> «p`ur Fbbfo
Nl sugs ;òC gikgs
tf afsl H‗lstpli
fgisg
sf
abl,
abl, tgli s-t`g í t`i fppu
fppug.
g. Bf slrvgtukl ('uaòkgyyf) h`isgstl

<1 Hlttl trfkuhtg`i sl vlut h`ij`rdl í bf h`dprçolisg`i qug vglit

í b‗lsprgt k‗ldabçl í bf blhturl kl hlttl porfsl. Dfgs gb lst p`ssgabl kl
bgrl « giifdf Ouwf Fbbfo wf ifjsucf ³ h`ddl sgeigjgfit bgttçrfbl
jfgt, B\G lst Fbbfo lt t`i ádl ³, h‗lst-í-kgrl bf t`tfbgtç qug
dlit > « Li jfgt,
lieb`al bls klux tlrdls qul tu h`iå`gs. Fvlh hlttl blhturl, bl L[ qug
sugt kfis « lt h‗lst í t`g qul s‗fkrlssl.. ³. prlik t`ut s`i slis > hlbug
k‗uil çigedl p`sçl í b‗o`ddl >... « qug ls-tu 0 ³. Gb jfukrfgt sl efrklr
k‗fpp`rtlr gddçkgftldlit uil rçp`isl dlitfbl dfgs litrltligr bf
jbfddl kl bf qulstg`i.

<8 Ghg lih`rl i`us sugv`is bf h`ivlit g`i kl trfkuhtg`i kçní çtfabgl.
Kfis hl h`itlxtl li ljjlt, ifjs plut îtrl qufbgjgçl kl « hofdlbbl ³
p`ur gikgqulr sf h`ikgtg`i k‗fsslrvgssldlit fu d`ikl ifturlb. H‗lst
çefbldlit bf h`ikgtg`i kl hl qul bl Vur‗ái i`ddl « b‗ádl qug gihgtl
fu dfb ³. Dfgs fu h`urs ku pr`hlssus fbhogdgqul kl purgjghf-
tg`i/kçtfholdlit lt hr`gssfihl, b‗ádl plut rltr`uvlr sf purl ifturl
prldgïrl.

'FAK FB-VÁKGQ FB-NÉBÁIÉ <<

<; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

lbbl sl dfgitglit kfis b‗çtft kl pgçtç, h`itrfrgl tf ifjs li

í buttlr h`itrl t`i ádl (ifjs) ³<
³<;;. Li hlbf
hlb f rçsgkl
rçsgk l bf rçf bgsf  t‗çhfrtfit kls fjjfgrls gbbghgtls kls hrçfturls, kl blurs fd
tg`i kl tf slrvgtukl p`ur Fbbfo ;ò C Bf pfrt kls ho`sls ho`sls qug ageuàtçs,
ageu àtçs, kl blurs hfklfux
hfklfux.. Il t ‗li rldlt
r ldltss pfs í lbbls, il
tl rlvglit vglit í t`g fgsçdlit, lt tu tl tglis kfis blur fhh`rkl pfs h`ijgfihl, il bls hrfgis pfs, i‗lspïrl ig
b‗o`iilur, pugssfit lt lii`abg. Bls ho`sls s`it í t`i slr il h`iv`gtl hl qu‗lbbls p`ssïklit kls ho`sls kl hl d`ikl.
vghl, lbbls tl rlsplhtlit, hfr lbbls `açgsslit í blur Xlgeilur I ‗fttliks pfs blurs hfklfux,
hfklfu x, blurs fudûils
fudû ils rgtulbbls
rgtul bbls `u
lt Hrçftlur. Lbbls rlh`iifgsslit blur t`tfbl slrvgtukl li futrl (zfcát `u sfkfqf)<7, ig blurs ifkr:=. Kçefel tf plisçl
vlrs bug. Fbbfo gU } kgt > « ]fs uil ho`sl eug il eb`rgjgl k‗lbbls lt kl t`utls bls h`isgkçrftg`is sl rfpp`rtfit fux
p fr Xf b`uf iel , dfg
dfgss gbs i l h` dp rli il it pf r bl urs eb`r g hfusls slh`ikls. Fu p`git qul sg, pfr lxldpbl, tu fvfgs ui
jg hf tg` is ³<<. Lt GG kgt, s‗fkrlssfit fux « ho`sls ³ lt í bf
jghf pfrlit
pfr lit j`rtuiç,
j`rtui ç, tu il s`uofgtlrfgs
s`uof gtlrfgs p`g
p`git
it sf d `rt kkfis
fis bl a ut
tlrrl > « Zlilz í D`g kl erç `u kl j`rhl 3 lbbls rçp`i k‗li oçrgtlr. Vugttl vrfgdlit bls hrçfturls. H`isgkïrl-bls
kli t > i`us vli`is li t`utl `açgssfihl ³<:. h`ddl uil p`rtl qug plut s‗`uvrgr `u sl jlrdlr, h`ddl
ui frarl pfrj`gs stçrgbl pfrj`gs pr`bgjgqul. Hls ljjlts kç
Fgisg b‗fk`rftg`i, t`utl b‗fk`rftg`i lst h`itliul kfis plikli
pli klitt kl b ‗gdpubsg`i
‗gdpubs g`i h`ddui
h`d duigquç
gquçll pfr ui felit
feli t rçe
rçegs
gs
b‗`pp`sgtg`i í t`i ádl hofdlbbl (ifjs). Fbbfo kgt > slur, qug i‗lst futrl qu‗Fbbáo «jj#. Kl bf s`rtl, tu slrfs
« Il tl s`u dl ts p fs í bf pfs sg` i, lbbl t ‗çefr lrfg
lrfgtt ku hol
« uigssfit
uigssf it ³:6bl
³:6bl Xlgeilur.
X lgeilur.
dgi k ‗Fbbfo ³<
³<55- Lt í Káwòk,
Káwò k, gb kg
kgtt > « Vugttl tf pfs
sg`i, hfr lbbl lst ui liildg ³<?. [`utlj`gs i‗`uabgl pfs ghg bf k`htrgil kl « b‗fhqugsgtg`i
kls fhtls ³ (cf
(cfsa) :1 fjgi k‗çhofpplr í b‗oçrçsgl kls Nf-
sa):
(X`uvglis-t`g) kl b‗ogst`grl agli h`iiul k‗Faò Wfzbk
fb-Agstádà v`yfit bl Xlgeilur kl bf ]ugssfihl kfis s`i
rîvl lt bug kldfikfit > « Vulbbl lst bf v`gl qug dïil í
[`g 0 ³ Bl Xlgeilur bug rçp`ikgt > « Fafik`iil tf ifjs lt
vglis í D`g ³.
<7
<7 Bf zfcát lst b‗fudûil rgtulbbl `abgeft`grl Bf sfkf qf lst
Fau Wfzàk kçhbfrf pbus tfrk > « Nl sugs s`rtg kl d`g- b‗fudûil surçr`eft`grl.
dîdl (ifjs) h`ddl bl slrplit qugttl sf vglgbbl plfu ³.
:= Ifk r > pr`dlssl rgtulbbl kl sfhrgjglr li aglis `u li ljj`rts qulb
Fgisg bl agli t`ut litglr rlp`sl kfis b‗`pp`sgtg`i sfis qul ho`sl li h`dplisftg`i kl bf rçfbgsftg`i k‗ui s`uofgt. Ghg gb s‗fegt

h`ihlssg`i í bf ifjs, kfis t`us sls çtfts. Xg pfr lxldpbl, kl il pfs lspçrlr îtrl açiçjghgfgrl k‗uil
tlbbl pr`dlssl. plrs`iil fyfit j`rdubçl uil

:6 Duw fogk > kl wfofkf 4 uigr. @i sfgt qul b‗Gsbád lst bl « Kbi ft-
<; Ofkàt quksà. tfwo àk ³, `u « Kfrdf kl b‗\igjghftg`i
b‗\igjghftg`i ³ 3 hfr bl d`t Kbi sl rfppr`hol
ku slis kl Kfrd f lt i`i kl rlbgeg`i. Hj. bf i`tl i½6:7. Ghg gb s‗fegt kl
<< Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½65, vlrslt ;;. rlh`iifétrl b‗\igtç kls Fhtls.
<: Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½;6, vlrslt 66. :1 Cfsa > k`htrgil
k`htrgil fs'frgt
fs'frgtll slb`i bfqulbbl > bls fhtls kls slrvgtlurs
<5 Vu
Vur‗
r‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i½ 8?, vlrslt 1:. s`it bf hrçftg`i k‗Fbbáo lt b‗fhqugsgtg`i cfsa li rlvglit fu slrvgtlur.
Hj. 1 5gï
5gïd
dl kgsh`u rs.
<? Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½8?, vlrslt 1:.

<: B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

HFAK FB-V ÁKGQ FB- NÉBÁI À <5

argyyf:8. Dfgs pr`jlssl qul bls fhtls, t`ut li çtfit agli

hlux kls hrçfturls, il s`it pfs pfrfholvçs pfr lbbls o`rs k‗lbbl, il b‗fhhlptl pfs lt il bf dlts pfs li Řuvrl. X`gs
k‗Fbbfoo
k‗Fbbf I ‗fk`rl k`ih pfs bls hrçfturls li `uabgfit h`ivfgihu qu‗lbbl
qu ‗lbbl pr`vglit ku kçd`i, bl dfukgt:<
dfukgt:<.
Fbbfo - Il pr`jlssl pfs qul blurs fhtls i‗gdpbgqulit Xg pfr h`itrl, tu h`istftls qul hlttl plisçl il h`ihlril,
pfs b ‗gitlrvli
‗gitlr vlitg`i
tg`i k‗Fb
k‗Fbbfo
bfo [u t`dalrfgs
t`da lrfgskfis
kfis ig b‗« gitlrkgt ³, ig b‗« `abgeft`grl ³, dfgs bl « plrdgs ³::,
b‗gihr`yfihl kls Vfkf rgyyf D. àb jfut pr`jlsslr qul b‗fhtl h`rdil pfr lxldpbl bl kçsgr kl i`urrgturl `u kl a`gss`is
fppfrtglit í Fbbfo ; b # pfr sf hr
hrçftg`i
çftg`i lt fux
fux slrvgtlurs
slrvgtlurs pfr bghgtls, kl vîtldlits i`uvlfux `u kl rlbftg`i slxulbbl bç
vlrtu kl « b‗fhqugsgtg`i ³. [lbbl lst bf trfkgtg`i trfisdgsl. egtgdl 3 il b‗fhhlptl pfs kfvfitfel lt çb`geil-t`g k‗lbbl.
Lt gb li lst fgisg p`ur qul klvgliil çvgklitl bf rçtrgautg`i Xfhol qu‗lbbl i‗lst gispgrçl qul pfr bf ifjs lt sls kçsgrs.
kls fhtls pfr bf rçh`dplisl `u bls hoátgdlits. X`uvglis-t`g qul tu fs rlåu b `rkrl kl h`itrfrglr hlttl ifjs
@açgs strghtldlit í b‗@rkrl k‗Fbbfo «jj# kfis tls rfp lt kl bf h`isgkçrlr h`ddl uil liildgl. Fegs k`ih fgisg,
p`rts fvlh bls hrçfturls.
hrçftu rls. @atglis
@atgl is k‗lbbls tf pfrt fbb`uçl
fbb`uç l li dîdl sg kfis bl Bgvrl lt bf Xuiif tu il v`gs pfs
rlsplhtfit X`i `rkrl, sfis bl trfiserlsslr. Bl kçhrlt k‗gitlrkghtg`i h`ihlrifit bf rçfbgsftg`i kl hls kçsgrs.
Vgucd) k‗Fbbfo bls rçegt fussg agli qul t`g. Il s`gs Vufit í bf qulstg`i fu sunlt kl bfqulbbl tu il tr`uvls
pfs, t`g, hlbug
hlb ug qug kçhrïtl
kçhrï tl (oácgd). Bl jfgt qul tu s`gs fvlh kfis bl Bgvrl lt bf Xuiif, ig b‗gitlrkghtg`i, ig bf plrdgs
lbbls rlbïvl kl bf ]r`vgklihl (qfkfr). @r bf ]r`vgklihl lst sg`i 3 lt qug s‗fvïrl pbutût uil ho`sl gih`dprçolisgabl,
`ashurl,
b‗`ashurgtç.frdl-t`g k`ih h‗lst
Hlttl bfdpl k‗uilbl bfdpl p`ur litrlr
Bgvrl k‗Fbbfo ;é§= kfis
lt bf h`ddl pfr p`ur
bglu prçhgs lxldpbl s‗gb t‗lst kldfikç
y rlih`itrlr ui o`ddlklvlrtulux
tl rlikrl3 li ui
fb`rs
[rfkgtg`i (Xuiif) kl X`i Liv`yç. Il t‗li çhfrtl p`git. Xg qu‗gb i‗y furfgt p`git p`ur t`g kl içhlssgtç k‗fbblr í tlb li
uil plisçl fkvglit `u uil gitugtg`i, çvfbul-bls li j`ihtg`i kr`gt ig k‗y rlih`itrlr ui o`ddl vlrtulux 3 pugsqul tu sl
ku Bgvrl lt kl bf [rfkgtg`i. Xg tu y tr`uvls ui gitlrkgt, rfgs kçní
kçní rghol
rghol kls aglijfgts
aglijfgts k‗Fbbfo
k‗Fbbfo # # h`isgst
h`isgstfits
fits li
h`ddl pfr lxldpbl bf sueelstg`i k‗fv`gr uil rlbftg`i shglihl lt h`iifgssfihl, pfr rfpp`rt í hlttl ho`sl `ashurl,
slxulbbl gbbçegtgdl (zgif), k‗fegr fvlh `stlitftg`i (3rgyá% çvgtl k`ih bf prçhgpgtftg`i, il tl oátl pfs kl h`ihburl >
kl jrçqulitlr bls bgalrtgis lt kçafuhoçs, `u t`ut futrl kç « Z`gbí uil gispgrftg`i vlifit ku Zrfg, nl vfgs fegr slb`i
s`açgssfihl í Fbbfo fb`rs rlnlttl-bf, çb`geil-t`g hl qu‗lbbl dl kghtl ³. Fttliks pbutût, hfr kfis hlttl fttg
tukl (kl pruklihl) rçsgkl t`ut bl agli. Li ljjlt, b‗Fhtl fu
tolitgqul ku Zrfg rli`uvlbbl (t`un`urs) s`i gispgrftg`i. [u
rlhlvrfs b‗`rkrl kl b‗lxçhutlr pfr ui sgeil hbfgr p`ur bls
Xfels Huqfbf) k‗litrl bls Fwb gyf lt p`ur hl
Fwbgyf hlux
ux qug açiçjg-
açiçjg-
:8 Nfa rgyyf > d`t qug vglit
vglit kl nf ar (h`itrfgitl) 3 toïsl igfit bl bgarl
fragtrl
fragtrl kl b‗o`d dl lt fjjgrdfit bf prçklstgiftg`i.
prçklstgiftg`i.
:<Bl
<B l slis prl
prldgl
dglrr kl bf « dfbçkg
dfbçkghtg`i
htg`i 99dlitg`iiç
9dlitg `iiçll kfis bl Vur‗ái
:; Vfkfrgyyf > kl qukrf (p`uv`gr, hfpfhgtç) 3 toïsl fjjgrdfit bl bg fu sunlt k‗Gabgs `u kl hlrtfgis o`ddls, lst hlbug k‗³ çb`geildlit ³.
arl fragtrl lt k`ih b‗litgïrl rlsp`isfagbgtç kl b‗o`ddl. F il pfs
h`ij`ikrl fvlh bf tfràq f qug p`rtl hl i`d lt k`it bl dfétrl j`ikftlur ::Qçjçrlihl í bf k`htrgil dusubdfil qug hbfssl bls fhtls li hgiq
lst b‗futlur ku prçslit bgvrl. hftçe`rgls > b‗`abgeft`grl, b‗gitlrkgt, bl plrdgs, bl rlh`ddfikç lt bl
abádfabl.

'f a k f b - q á k g r f b - n éb á i à <7
<? B‗FHHÏX f u dystïrl

ku slrvgtlur ³. Dfgs dîdl kfis hl hfs, bl slrvgtlur `açgs

tglit kl b‗fssgstfihl kgvgil (tf'ygk) k‗litrl bls fakáb- s. Gb sfit il kçhgkl rgli kl bug-dîdl lt fttlik ui @rkrl fvfit
il t‗fppfrtglit pfs kl tl oátlr kfis hl hfs, hfr tu gei`rls bf k‗fegr. Fgisg t`us sls d`uvldlits lt t`us sls rlp`s s`it
h`isçqulihl ubtgdl lt hl qug h`itglit bf sçkgtg`i (jgtif ), bf pf
pfrr Fbbfo
Fbbf o Hfr hl qug rlbïv
rlbïvll k ‗ui stftut pr`p
pr`prl
rl í bf
plrkgtg`i,
plrkgt g`i, bf « rusl ³ k ‗Fbbfo YO)£:
YO)£:5 `u sgd
sgdpbld
pbldlit
lit uil B`g sfhrçl slrf bf v`b`itç k‗Fbbfo pfr b‗gitlrdçkgfgrl
çprluvl. ]ftglitl nusqu‗í hl qul Bug slub s`gt b‗Felit li kl bf B`g, lt hl k`it bl stftut i‗lst pfs prçhgsç pfr bf B`g
t`g. B`rsqul b‗Fhtl lst purldlit bl sgli lt qul içfid`gis sfhrçl, pr`vglikrf kl b‗`rkrl gitçrglur (ku Zrfg). H‗lst
tu tl tr`uvls içfid`gis h`ijr`itç í uil sçkgtg`i, tu y sl fb`rs qu‗gb klvglit ui rçfbgsç ( duofqgq) k‗litrl bls elis kl
rfs s`utliu lt pr`tçeç. bf rçfbgtç-vrfgl (ofqàqf).
Li ljjlt, Fbbfo il tl puigrf p`git p`ur hlt fhtl. (Gb rlstl lih`rl) hl qug i‗lst pfs h`isçhutgj í b‗@rkrl gi
Xfhol qul bl hoátgdlit il t‗fttlgit qul b`rsqul tu fegs pfr tçrglur. Í sfv`gr
sfv `gr b‗Fhtl k ‗Fbbfo «j
«jòòn&
n&slub,
slub, b`rs kl bf s`u
t`g-dîdl:?. Dfgitlifit sg tu ls kfis b‗çtft kl bf Qçfbgtç dgssg`i fas`bul (tfsbàd).
(,ofqàqf), kçs`açgs í bf pfssg`i lt `açgs í b‗@rkrl sfis rç Dfgitlifit sg tu ls kfis b‗çtft kl bf rçfbgtç ku Zrfg
slrvl. (ofqq fb-ofqq), çtft k‗ljjfhldlit fas`bu lt k‗lxtgihtg`i
B‗`açgssfihl í b‗@rkrl lst kl klux typls > (jf if 5), çtft pr`prl fux fakáb-s, k`it bls hŘurs s`it argsçs
p`u r Bug, bls uigtgjs,
uigtg js, bls hh`iif
`iifgssfi
gssfits,
ts, dfétrls
dfétr ls kls shglihls
shglihl s
Bl prldglr h`isgstl í prlikrl kl hl afs d`ikl bl vgf lt kl b‗gitlbblht ( lfqb ), bls slgeilurs lt prgihls, pr`tlhtlurs
tgqul qug rlvglit kl kr`gt í b ‗á
‗ádl
dl ( ifjs), fafik`iilr bl su kls hrçfturls, hfbgjls ku Dgsçrgh`rkglux, Xls fdgs gitgdls,
plrjbu,, fhh`dpb
plrjbu fhh` dpbgr
gr « b‗`abgeft`
b‗`ab geft`grl
grl ³:7
³:7 lt s‗`hhu plr kl s`rtgr bls dldarls çdgilits Skl bf ogçrfrhogl qu‗gb f gistfurçlT,
kls pçhoçs, vgsgabls `u hfhoçs. sls agli-fgdçs, qul bf pfgx s`gt sur lux 3 sg k`ih tu ls kfis
Bl k luxgïd l h`ihlril ui `rkrl gitçrg
gitçrglur,
lur, `rkrl ku Zrfg hlt çtft, `açgs í b‗`rkrl qug s‗y rfpp`rtl li t‗`pp`sfit í
fkrlssç í X`i slrvgtlur bug kldfikfit kl jfgrl qulbqul t`g-dîdl, li t‗fjjrfihogssfit kl t`utl hr`yfihl li tf j`rhl
ho`sl `u kl s‗fastligr. [`utlj`gs, bf ho`sl k`it gb s‗fegt `u tf pugssfihl, li i‗fyfit fuhuil v`b`itç ig fspgrftg`i
rlstl kfis bl k`dfgil ku « plrdgssgabl ³ qug gr lst kçbgdgtç p`u r qqu`g
u`g qul hl kfis hl d`i d`iklkl `u kfis b‗futrl. [u slrfs
qul pfr bf rïebl sugvfitl kfis bf B`g sfhrçl (Xfràrf) > « hl fgisg bl slrvgtlur kl b‗@rkrl lt i`i hlbug kl bf pfssg`i,
i‗lst ig gitlrkgt ig `abgeft`grl, dfgs bfgssç fu bgarl fragtrl h`ddl bl açaç fvlh bf i`urrghl, `u bl hfkfvrl fvlh bl bf
vlurblklsdçklhgi.
pfr d`rts,
dçklh gi.`u[`ut
lih`rl
[`u t hlbfbl h`ih
pftglit
lrilrlt`uriç
h`ihlril çvgklddsurlit
çvgk ldd sf h`uhol
bl k`
dfgil qug i‗lst pfs rçeg pfr bl h`ddfikldlit lt
:5 Dfcr Fbbf o > i`tg`i qur‗áigqul k‗`÷ gb rçsubtl qu‗Fbbfo tlik kls b‗gitlrkghtg`i kl bf B`g sfhrçl. Dfgs Fbbfo lst pbus sfvfit.
pgïels fux slrvgtlurs tr`p sórs k‗lux lt í hlux qug hr`glit p`uv`gr
s‗`pp`slr í Bug.

:? Xlb`i ui ofkàt hlrtfgis litrlr`it fu ]frfkgs sfis dîdl bf rlkkg

tg`i kls h`dptls prçfbfabl (fyfit hlssç kl s‗fttrgaulr bls fhtls, pbus
rgli il plut pbus blur îtrl rlpr`hoç). Z`gr bf i`tl i½::.
:7
Z`gr bf i`tl i½::.

@izgïdl kgsh`urs
kgsh`urs >

Ku kçsgr (sfowf)
 Xg bl kçsgr ku dfrgfel j`ik sur t`g lt qul tu ls pfuvrl,
k`ih kfis b‗gdp`ssgagbgtç kl b‗fssudlr, fttliks pftgld
dlit bl s`ubfeldlit ku Hrçftlur. Gb t‗fssgstlrf s`gt li
ûtfit hl kçsgr pfr Xf ]ugssfihl k`it GG t‗givlstgrf. X`gt li
tl pr`tçelfit lt tl prçslrvfit p`ur qul tu pugssls suavligr
fux kçplisls içhlssfgrls. @ u lih`rl li lxfuåfit t`i kç
sgr pfr pur k`i kl Xf pfrt, kl tlbbl dfigïrl qul tu
b‗fss`uvgssls li t`utl qugçtukl, p`urvu kl b‗gikgsplisfabl,
sfis hofrel pçigabl í supp`rtlr kfis hl d`ikl `u kfis
b‗futrl.
Fbbfoo Ç òb 6 tl qufb
Fbbf qufbgjg
gjglrf
lrf kl « pftglit
pftglit ³ lt kl
« rlh`iifgssfit ³, p`ur tf pftglihl livlrs hl kçsgr hofrilb
lt t`i h`itltldlit kl bf pfrt qug t‗lst fbb`uçl. Gb fhhr`étrf
tf prçslrvftg`i ( rgsd á)6= fgisg qul t`i çilregl. Xg bf ho`sl
á)6=
t‗lst klstgiçl, lbbl tl pfrvglikrf (li s`i tldps) li t`utl
sujjgsfihl lt trfiqugbbgtç. Bf pftglihl sl trfisj`rdlrf li
rlh`iifgssfihl. @r bl [rïs-Ofut f pr`dgs, í hlux qug s`it
rlh`iifgssfits, ui fhhr`gssldlit kl Xls aglijfgts > « Xg
v`us v`us d`itrlz rlh`iifgssfits, i`us v`us k`iilr`is 5
=

5= 'Gsdf > ghg bl d`t lst utgbgsç kfis s`i slis usulb kl
« pr`tlhtg`i ³, « prçslrvftg`i ³, « gdduigtç ³, lth. lt i`i kfis bl slis
tlhoigqul k‗gdplhhfagbgtç qug pr`tïel bls pr`poïtls kl t`ut pçhoç lt
lrrlur.

:1 B‗FHHÏX f u dystïrl

lih`rl pbus 3 Xg v`us v`us d`itrlz gierfts, sfholz qul

d`i hoátgdlit lst tlrrgabl ³
³56
56.
Dfgs sg bf ho`sl il t‗lst pfs klstgiçl, bgaïrl-t`g k‗lbbl
li b‗frrfhofit kl t`i hŘur, qul bf ifjs y h`islitl `u i`i.
Fstrlgis-t`g jlrdldlit í bf pftglihl, t‗`pp`sfit í bf pfs
sg`i, fkoçrfit çilregquldlit í b‗@rkrl (kl t`i Xlgeilur) 3
lt fhhlptl bl kçhrlt kgvgi, li lspçrfit `atligr pfr hlttl fttg
tukl bf jfvlur (jfkà) lt bf erftgjghftg`i Åftá‗).
Fbbf o kgt > « Hlrtls, Gb k`iilrf, sfis dlsurl, blur
isl í hlux qug jur li t pftglits ³
rçh`dplisl
rçh`dpl ³51
51.
K`uzgïdl kgsh`urs >
Kl b‗gitlrkghtg`i k‗fgdlr bls aglis
B`rsqul Fbbfo t‗`htr`gl kls aglis, tu t‗li `hhupls fu
p`g it k ‗îtrl kçt`uriç
kçt` uriç kl X`i `açgss fihl. ]fr lux, Gb tl
v`gbl í Bug-Dîdl kfis hl d`ikl lt kfis b‗futrl. ]lut-îtrl
bls rltgrlrf-t-Gb, fbtçrfit tf sgtuftg`i, t‗fppfuvrgssfit, p`ur
tl puigr kl bf jfutl h`isgstfit í sl bfgsslr kçt`urilr ku
Aglijfgtlur pfr bl aglijfgt dîdl.
Xg fu h`itrfgrl, tu fs bl s`uhg kl Bug `açgr pbutût qul hl
bug kl Xls aglis, Gb tl bls fhh`rkl eçiçrlusldlit sfis nf
dfgs t‗li kgdgiulr uil pfrhlbbl. Bls aglis s`it fb`rs í t`i
slrvghl, t`ut h`ddl t`g tu ls í hlbug kl t`i Dfétrl. [u vg
vrfs lit`urç kl Xls fttlitg`is kfis hl d`ikl 3 lt lii`abg
kfis b‗futrl, kfis bl ]frfkgs ku «rljuel fhhulgbbfit³
fb-df‗wá)58
(nfiiftu fb-df‗wá)58, fuprïs kls Zçrgk gquls
gquls,, kls [çd `gis
lt kls Zlrtulux5;.

56 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½6;, vlrslt 5.

51 Vurfi , s`urftl i½87 , vlrslt 6=.

5n @u « ]frfkgs ku Qljuel ³.

5; Z`gr bf i`tl i½61.

[rlgzgïdl kgsh`urs >

 Kl Jfafik`i pfrjfgt (tfsbàd)
í J @r
@rkrl
krl k ‗Fbbfo
Fbbfo

Il ho`gsgs ig k‗ftt
k‗fttgrlr
grlr bls aglijf gts ig kl rlp` usslr bls
fjjbghtg`is. Bls aglijfgts tl pfrvglikr`it sg tlb lst t`i kls
tgi, qul tu lssfyls kl bls fttgrlr `u kl bls rlp`usslr. Kl
dîdl, bls fjjbghtg`is t‗fttlgikr`it sg tlb lst t`i klstgi, qul
tu bls rljusls, lssfyfit kl bls çhfrtlr pfr b‗gdpb`rftg`i
@ku'á ‗), `u qul tu pftglitls p`ur `atligr bf sftgsjfhtg`i ku

Dfétrl p`ur
vglit) (Fbbfo).
qu‗gbKfis hl hfs,
fegssl s`udlts-t`g
li t`g. í t`ut
X‗gb y f kls (hl qug fk
aglijfgts, fa
s`ral-t`g kfis bf erftgtukl. X‗gb y f kls fjjbghtg`is, ljj`rhl-
t`g í bf pftglihl, í b‗fppr`aftg`i ( duwájfqf ). Lssfyl
k‗çpr`uvlr bf k`uhlur kls trgaubftg`is 3 kl t‗fiçfitgr p`ur
kgspfrfétrl li lbbls kfis bf dlsurl kl hl qu‗gb tl slrf fh
h`rkç k‗çtfts (spgrgtulbs) lt kl pr`erlssg`i í b‗gitçrglur kl
hls d`kls k‗îtrl. Xlb`i bls kldlurls qu‗gb tl slrf plrdgs
kl pfrh`urgr kfis bf Z`gl ku dfétrl fuqulb tu fs rlåu
b‗`rkrl k‗`açgr lt kl tl rfbbglr (duwábát)5Xp`u r pfrvl igr fu
« H`dpfei`i Xuprîdl ³, [u slrfs fb`rs gistfbbç kfis bf
stftg`i kls Zçrgkgquls, kls [çd`gis lt kls Zlrtulux kls
eçiçrftg`is pfssçls. Fjgi kl v`gr hlux qug t‗`it prçhçkç
fuprïs ku Q`g, sl tlifit kfis sf pr`xgdgtç 3 lt fyfit tr`uvç
fuprïs kl Bug t`utls ho`sls i`uvlbbls lt dlrvlgbblusls.

5< Duww fbbát > `u bl jfgt k‗litrlr s`us bf tutlbbl k‗ui wfbà. Ghg,
h`ddl k‗fgbblurs h‗lst t`un`urs bl hfs li fifbysl ubtgdl, bl wfbà i‗lst
futrl qu‗Fbbfo. Kfis bf j`rdl gitlisgvl wfbbf gb y f bf i`tg`i kl

s‗fttfholr fvlh fd`ur.

:: B‗
B‗FHHÏX
FHHÏX F\
F\DWX[ÏQ
DWX[ÏQL 'f a k f b -q á k g r f b -né b á i é :5

t`utls n`gls, t`utls sçhurgtç, t`utls eçiçr`sgtçs lt t`us agli afttlit,

afttli t, hl ux qug s` it likurfits (pftglits),
(pftglits), lt p` ur vçrg
jfgts. Bfgssl (k`ih) b‗fjjbghtg`i tl rlikrl vgsgtl. I‗`astrul jg l r hl qu l b ‗`i kgt kl v`us ³57
³57.
pfs s`i holdgi.
holdg i. Il tl jjgel
gel pfs lt il s`gs pfs ljjrfyç
ljjrfy ç kl
k l sf
vliul. X`i jlu i‗lst pfs pbus gitlisl qul hlbug kl b‗lijlr. Xg tf j`g lst h`ijgrdçl kfis bls rfpp`rts fvlh bls hrçftu
rls lt qul tu rlstl li fhh`rk fvlh Bug kfis t`us Xls Fhtls,
Bls pfr`bls sugvfitls kl bf dlgbblurl kls hrçfturls, bl kl pfr tf hlrtgtukl t`ut hlbf kçh`ubfit
kçh`ubfi t kl X`i Fgkl lt kl Xf
dlgbblur
trghl kl hlux
ku Hglb5:5 qul bf tlrrlb‗Çbu,
55>> Duofddfk, p`rtfs`it
s`usrfpp`rtçls
b‗`darl k‗fprïs
pr`tlh Eráhl (fb`rskfis
b‗ferçdlit, kfisuihlçtfthfs)
kl plrsgstl
h`dpbïtlkfis bf pftglihl
s`udgssg`i lt
( dusbg-
ui ofkàt sór > « Bl jlu
j lu kl b ‗lijlr
lij lr kgrf fu hr`yfit
hr`y fit > litrl dfi). Vul rgli, lu çefrk í tf pr`prl plrs`iil `u kfis hl
k`ih, û hr` yfit, tf budgïrl f çtlgi t df jbf dd l frkli tl ³56
³56. qug p`urrfgt rçsubtlr p`ur futrug, il s`rtl kls bgdgtls ku
H`ddfikldlit lt kl b‗Gitlrkghtg`i.
Hlttl budgïrl ku hr`yfit, hfpfabl k‗çtlgikrl bf jbfddl
kl b‗lijlr, lst-lbbl futrl qul hlbbl qug b‗fhh`dpfeil kfis B`rsqul sl prçslitl ui h`ddfikldlit, çh`utl-bl agli
hl d`ikl dîdl lt qug bl kgstgieul kl hlbug qug lst kçs` lt oátl-t`g í b‗lxçhutlr. Kfis hl hfs, gb il jfut pfs rlstlr
açgssfit
açgs sfit 0 Hlttl budgïrl
budgï rl çtlg
çtlgit
it bl jlu kls hfbfdgtçs.
hfbfdgt çs. (Fvlh gilrtl, « fafik`iiç fu kçhrlt lt í b‗Fhtl kgvgis ³. Dfgs fu
lbbl), tu tr`uvlrfs bf jrféholur kl bf pftglihl lt kl b‗litlitl h`itrfgrl, kçpb`gl t`i çilregl fjgi kl b ‗fhh`dpb
‗fhh`dpbgr.
gr.
(duwájfqf) fvlh bl Xlgeilur, b‗fpfgsldlit kl b‗fjjbghtg`i Xg dfberç tls ljj`rts, tu çho`uls, t`uril-t`g vlrs
qul tu fs likurç li t‗fppr`hofit. Fgisg bf hfbfdgtç b‗gdpb`rftg`i kl t`i Xlgeilur (Dfw bf ). Xuppbgl-bl lt lx
i‗fkvglit pfs p`ur hfuslr tf plrtl, dfgs slubldlit p`ur husl-t`g fuprïs kl Bug. Holrhol í h`dprlikrl bf hfusl kl
t‗çpr`uvlr, vçrgjglr bf s`bgkgtç kl tf j`g lt rfjjlrdgr t`i gdpugssfihl í lxçhutlr X`i `rkrl, í sfgsgr hl qug
« b‗fisl ³5?
³5? kl tf hlrtgtukl
hlrtgtukl.. B‗fsplht gitçrglur
gitçrglur kl t‗ldpîhol k‗çpr`uvlr bl vrfg kçsgr kl Bug `açgr. Hlbf
b‗fjjbghtg`i t‗fpp`rtlrf bf a`iil i`uvlbbl kl bf jglrtç qul bl p`urrfgtt vligr kl tls s`ttls prçtlitg`is,
p`urrfg prçtli tg`is, ku dfiq
dfiqulul
Xlgeilur çpr`uvl p`ur t`i fttgtukl. k ‗fkfad litfhofit tls fhtls k‗fk`rftg`is, kl tf kçrfgs`i,
Fbbfo kgt> «I `us v`us çpr`uvlr
çpr`uvlr`is
`is nu sq u‗í
u‗í hl kl b‗gbbusg`i qug tl p`rtl í t‗fppuylr sur tls pr`prls j`rhl
qul i` us sfhog`is qug s`i t hlux k ‗litrl v`us qug h`d- lt pugssfihl, kl J fkdgrftg`i qul tu v`uls í tf shglihl, lt
ku jfgt qul tu Bug fss`hgls fussg agli t`g-dîdl (li tfit
qul rgfjs) qul Xls futrls hrçfturls. (]`ur t`utls hls rfg
6: Qldfrqulr hlttl lxprlssg`i dusubdfil kl bf « Erfikl [rgfkl ³ s`is) Gb t‗f ldpîhoç kl pfrvligr í Xf ]`rtl, t‗f rliku pç-
kl bf trfkgtg`i lxtrîdl-`rglitfbl.

55 GGGG y f bí h`d dl b'fjjgrdftg`i k‗ui pfssfel `abgeç pfr b‗lijlr

(dîdl s‗gb lst arlj p`ur bl hr`yfit). Lst-hl uil fbbusg`i í bf 57 V
Vur‗á
ur‗ái,
i, s`urftl i½;5 , vl rslt 86.
« klshlitl fux lijlrs ³ dlitg`iiçl pfr t`utls bls trfkgtg`is gigtgftg
Nusqu ‗í hl qul I`us sfho g`is. Hl vlrslt f p`sç kls qulstg`is fux
quls 0 lurs, hfr gb sld abl f prg` rg h`itrlkgrl b‗`digshglihl kgvgil.
h`ddlitftlurs,
h`ddlitft
F i`tlr qu‗li frfal jlu sl kgt iár lt budgïrl sl kgt iòr. ]`ur ui çhbfgrhgssldlit sur hl sunlt, v`gr « B ‗Lsprgt uigvlrslb kl
b'Gsbfd ³, hofpgtrl ?, pfr Hofrbls-Fikrç
Hofrbls-Fikrç Egbgs, Fba`urfq çkgtg`is.
5? B‗fi sl s`bgkl, gikçtfhofabl > syda`bl qur‗áigqul.
qur‗áigqul. Z`gr s`urftl
s`urftl
?=
i½1, vlrslt 1<:. Z`gr bf i`tl i½;1.

:? B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL ' f a k f b - q í k g r f b - n éb á i à :7

igabl X`i `açgssfihl lt X`i slrvghl, lt GG f gitlrr`dpu bl

 budgïrl kl t`i ádl p`ur fvfihlr kfis b `ashurgtç ku kls
s`utgli kl Xf eráhl pr`pghl ( tfwnàq ). Kçt`urifit kl t`g Xf tgi (fqkárj;. [glis-t`g jlrdldlit fu H`ddfikldlit lt í
i`abl Jfhl, Gb t‗f kçtlstç lt fafik`iiç, tl bgvrfit fux hf b‗gitlrkghtg`i fu h`urs kl t`i holdgildlit sur bf v`gl kl
bfdgtçs qug tl prç`hhuplit (tfit) > t`i d`ikl k‗ghg-afs, tf t`i Dfétrl lt bfgssl t`ut bl rlstl í Hlbug qug t‗f hrçç (lt tl
pfssg`i,, tf v`b`itç
pfssg`i v`b`i tç pr`prl, tls kçsgrs. Il sfgs-
sfgs-tu
tu k`ih pfs jfgt hr`étrl). Il s`gs pfs gierft fvlh Hlbug qug t‗f pr`kugt í
qul hls ho`sls tl kçt`urilit kl Bug lt kl X`i slrvghl, tl pfrtgr
pfrt gr kl bf p`uss gïrl (turáa), pugs t‗f çkuquç 3 lt í pfrtgr
p`ussgïrl
rltrfiholit ku Qlefrk kl Hlbug qug t‗f hrçç, çkuquç, `h k‗uil e`uttl ( iutjf ) t‗f h`ijgeurç kfis bf j`rdl oudfgil.
tr`yç k‗gii`darfabls aglijfgts, pfrdg blsqulbs bf h`itgiug Il kçsgrl rgli k ‗futrl qul X`i `rkrl. Il kçtlstl kçtls tl rgli
tç kl bf vgl. k‗futrl qul hl qu‗gb f gitlrkgt. X`gs sftgsjfgt kfis hlttl vgl
]rliks efrkl í il pfs îtrl kgstrfgt kl [`i Dfétrl pfr lt kfis b‗futrl, fvlh hlttl v`b`itç kgvgil. Fao`rrl, li hls
futrl qul Bug - @r t`ut hl qug i‗lst pfs t`i Dfétrl lst agli klux d`ikls, bl rçprçolisgabl, `anlt kl X`i gitlrkghtg`i.
« futrl qul Bug ³ ! Il bug prçjïrl rgli k ‗futrl hfr GG t‗f [`ut hl qug plut îtrl kçsgrç (kl dfigïrl rlhlvfabl) lst
hrçç p`ur Bug slub. Il tl jfgs pfs kl t`rt li tl h`isfhrfit í
li h`ij`rdgtç fvlh hlttl v`b`itç. [`ut hl qug lst abádfabl
« futrl qul Bug ³ fux kçplis kl X`i h`ddfikldlit > Gb tl
sl rfpp`rtl í hlttl fvlrsg`i. Xg tu ls h`ij`rdl í X`i `rkrl,
gpgtl rf kfis bl jlu fuqulb « bls o`ddls lt bls pglrrls ?6
prçh gpgtlrf
slrvlit k ‗fbgdlit ³?1 3 hl qug tl dïdïilrfg
ilrfgtt fu rlerlt,
rlerlt , dfgs, bls uigvlrs
pueil
pueil, slr`it íabádfabls
, bls ho`sls tls fabls
abád `rkrlst‗çvgtlr`
3 ltgtlr`it
t‗çv sg hlitqu‗gb gitlrkgt
`÷ qul tl rç
tu s`gs, lt
hlbug-hg oçbfs, slrfgt fb`rs giutgbl. [u holrholrfgs í îtrl lx `÷ qul tu fgbbls.
husç, qul tu il bl slrfgs pfs 3 tu holrholrfgs í t`uholr X`i
slugb, qul hlbf il tl slrfgt p`git plrdgs 3 tu kçsgrlrfgs rl Fbbfoo
Fbbf kgt kfis ui kl Xls Bgvr
Bgvrls?
ls?<< > « Û jgbs k ‗Fkfd,
t`urilr li hl afs d`ikl p`ur tl rfttrfplr lt k‗fdliklr, Nl sugs Fbbfo, p`git
p` git kl kglu sgi`i D`g. Nl kgs í bf ho`sl
dfgs li h`istftlrfgs b‗gdp`ssgagbgtç fas`bul ! « s`gs ³ lt lbbl lst. @açgs-d`g lt Nl tl rlikrfg tlb qul tu kg
rfs (çefbldlit) í bf ho`sl « s`gs ³, lt lbbl slrf ³?:. Gb kgt
X`gs dgsçrgh`rkglux livlrs t`i ádl, fgls p`ur lbbl kl bf fussg > « = afs d`ikl, s`gs fu slrvghl kl Hlbug qug dl
s`bbghgtukl ! \tgbgsl bls gistrudlits
gistrudlits qul tu fs rlåus kfis slrt 3 qufit í hlbug qug tl slrt, çpugsl-bl ! ³?5
³?5.
b‗`açgssfihl í t`i Dfétrl. Gbs `it p`ur i`ds > b‗fptgtukl í
B`rsqul fkvglit b‗gitlrkghtg`i kl t`i Xlgeilur, s`gs
fegr, bf j`g, bf h`iifgssfihl, bf shglihl?8. Lhbfgrl-t`g kl bf h`ddl uil plrs`iil k`it bls dldarls s`it rlbáhoçs, bls

?6 Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl
s`urftl i½1, vlrslt 1;. Xlb`i b ‗lxçeï sl lx`tçrgqul, bls ?; Fqk ár > lst bl pburglb kl qfkfr. Gb s‗fegt kls kçhrlts ku klstgi. D.
pglrrls rlprçslitlit ghg bls gk`bls. Zfbsái b ‗f ttrfku
rfkugt
gt kl dfigïrl pbus lxpbghgtl pfr «bf prlshglih l kg
vgil ³.
?1 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1, vlrslt 1;.
?< Hls pfr`bls kgvgils rfpp`rtçls slb`i ui kl Xls Bgvrls s`it s`u
?8 Bf h`iifgssfihl ( df'rgjf ), bf shglihl (Ngbd) > hlttl kgstgihtg`i lst
vlit hgtçls kfis bf trfkgtg`i li tfit qul ofkét quksà.
tfrkgvl li hl qug h`ihlril bl v`hfaubfgrl. Fu kçaut kl b‗Gsbád, bl bbd

kçsgeifgt bf h`iifgssfihl lsslitglbbl hfr gb lst fussg ui fttrgaut kgvgi ?: Ofkét quksà.
kfis bl blxgqu l qur‗áigqul.
qur‗áigqul. ?' Ofkét quksà.

5= B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

slis fu rlp`s, bl h`rps gilrtl, bf pfssg`i liv`bçl, t`utls

trfhls ljjfhçls lt `uabgçls. ]lrs`iil `ashurl, k`it bf kl Vuft`rzgïdl kgsh`urs >
dlurl lst li rugil, bf dfgs`i vfhfitl, bl t`gt ljj`ikrç,
sfis slisgagbgtç ig vlstgels. Vul t`i `uàl s`gt hlbbl k‗ui
s`urk lt t`i Řgb hlbug k‗ui fvluebl, `u ku d`gis k`uçl
k‗uil vul trïs fttçiuçl 3 qul tls bïvrls s`glit h`ddl fj
jlhtçls kl pbfgls lt kl a`urs`ujburls, tf bfieul dulttl lt Kl b‗gdgtftg`i(gqfwd
kls çtfts
) kls gigtgçs
gilrtl, tls klits argsçls, tls elihgvls purublitls, tls dfgis
pfrfbysçl
pfrf bysçls,
s, tls nfdals
nfd als trlda
trldabfitl
bfitlss lt dlu
dlurtrgls
rtrgls,, t`i slxl
lxtçiuç lt b`gi kl t`utl prç`hhupftg`i hofdlbbl 3 t`i vli
trl h`ddl
h`d dl rfssfsgç, efvç 3 t`i lsprgt h`ddl h`dd l kçrçebç, Il prçtliks
prçtli ks pfs í b ‗çtft kls gigtgçs, û ls
lshbfvl
hbfvl kl bf pfs
pfs
h`ijus 3 t`i h`rps d`rt lt trfisp`rtç nusqu ‗í bf t`dal.
t`dal. sg`i. [u fk`rls bf pfssg`i fb`rs qu‗lux s`it bls slrvgtlurs
ku Xlgeilur (dfwbá). [u kçsgrls frklddlit hl afs
Fgisg b‗çh`utl, bf rfpgkgtç k‗lxçhutg`i s‗fppbgqulit í
b‗@rkrl rlåu. B‗gilrtgl, bf pfrhgd`igl, bf kçjlhtu`sgtç k`g d`ikl, lt lux kçsgrlit bf jgi ubtgdl Huqaí)d.
vlit sl rfpp`rtlr í b‗fttgtukl fppr`prgçl klvfit [u il v`gs qul hl d`ikl-hg lt lux v`glit bl Xlgeilur
b‗gitlrkghtg`i. Bf d`rt, b‗fiçfitgssldlit, b‗lxtgihtg`i k`g ku hglb lt kl bf tlrrl. [`i gitgdgtç lst fvlh bl hrçç ( ofbq ) lt
vlit sl pr`kugrl li jfhl kl bf klstgiçl ( qfkfr) - A`gs k`ih
k`ih bf blur lst fvlh bl Zrfg (ofqq). [`i hŘur lst fttfhoç fux
hl arluvfel, s`geil-t`g pfr hl rldïkl, jfgs-li tf i`urrgturl hrçfturls tlrrlstrls lt blurs hŘurs b‗lst fu Xlgeilur ku
lt tu rçussgrfs. Qltr`uvfit bf sfitç, tu slrfs euçrg kls df [rûil. [u ls hfptgvç pfr t`ut hl qul tu v`gs 3 lt lux il
bfkgls, tu furfs hofssç bls pçhoçs lt bls tr`uabls hfusçs pfr v`glit pfs h`ddl t`g, hfr gbs v`glit bl Hrçftlur kls ho`sls
bls pfssg`is kl pfr bf plrdgssg`i k‗Fbbfo gD'], s‗gb bl fgisg qul hl qu‗gb v`gt?7. Bls gigtgçs b‗`it `atliu7=. Bl sfbut
vlut ! blur lst fssurç. [`g, pfr h`itrl, tu kldlurls prgs`iiglr kls
kçsgrs kl hl afs d`ikl. Dfgs lux s`it çtlgits (jfi (j fi f5) fu

? Bfqulbbl lst bl rlt`ur jgifb li Fbbfo k`it gbs s`it gssus.

?7 Fgisg qul hl qu ‗gb v`gt (wf dá yfr f) > plut fussg sl bgrl « lt GG il
plut îtrl vu ³ (wf dá yurf), hl qug h`itrlkgrfgt bf prldgïrl fjjgrdf
tg`i (« gb v`gt bl Hrçftlur kls ho`sls ³) dfgs h`ivglikrfgt dglux fux
lx`tçrgstls qug h`isgkïrlit bçegtgdldlit qul bf vgsg`i fjjgrdçl li
prldglr bglu f p`ur `refil « b‗Řgb kl bf j`g ³ qul bf vgsg`i igçl lisugtl
h`ihlril « b‗Řgb poysgqul ³. \il blhturl pbus çs`tçrgqul f çtç prgvgbç
egçl kfis bf trfkuhtg`i, qul bl tlxtl sldabl nustgjglr pblgildlit. Lbbl
rçvïbl bl jfgt qul bl rlefrk (kl hls gigtgçs) s‗lst gklitgjgç fu Xgli.

7= Jázf fb-qufwdu ag-og > h ‗lst-í-kgrl « B‗`it `atliu ³, `u « h‗lst

pfr Bug qu‗gbs `it rçussg ³. Hl qug, fu j`ik, rlvglit fu dîdl.
51 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL ' f a k f b - q á k g r f b - n éb á i G 58

hrçç, í bf pfssg`i, í bf v`b`itç pr`prl, fux kçsgrs gikgvg Gbs s`it bl dlgbblur kl hl qul d`i Xlgeilur hrçf lt
kulbs (duiá), fttlgeifit fgisg (wfsfbu) fu Q`g Xuprîdl çpfrpgbbf sur bf surjfhl kl bf tlrrl. Vul sur lux s`glit bf
(fb-dfbgc fb-f bí). pfgx lt bl sfbut (tfogyyf) k‗Fbbfo ;òC tfit qul kurlr`it bf
tlrrl lt bl hglb.
Hlbug-hg bls fgkl fvlh aglivlgbbfihl í pfrvligr í hl
qu‗gb ferçl kl blur pfrt li jfgt k‗`açgssfihl, kl b`ufiel lt
kl eb`rgjghftg`i. « [lbbl lst bf jfv lu r k ‗Fbbf o ;8#, Gb
b ‗fhh`rkl í qug GG vlut ³76.
Gbs sl s`it fstrlgit í hl qul i`us vli`is k‗çv`qulr, lt
plrsçvïr
plrs çvïrlit
lit fvlh b‗fgkl lt b‗fhh`rk
b‗fhh` rk kgvgi, sfis plgil fu
huil. B‗`açgssfihl lst, p`ur lux, klvliul blur Lsprgt vgvg
jgfit (ròo ) lt blur i`urrgturl.
Hl afs d`ikl, nusqu‗ghg kgseráhl lt fvgbgssldlit, lst
klvliu, p`ur lux, sldabfabl fu « ]frfkgs ku rljuel ³ (nf -
ift f b-df ‗wá) 3 hfr gbs il plrå`gvlit fuhuil ho`sl sfis
v`gr fvfit lbbl b‗Fhtl kl s`i Hrçftlur lt ]r`kuhtlur.
Li lux rçsgkl bl prgihgpl ku dfgitgli kl bf tlrrl lt ku
hglb, bf kçhgsg`i kl bf d`rt lt kl bf vgl 3 li rfgs`i ku jfgt
qul blur Q`g (dfbgc) bls f çtfabgs h`ddl kls pgbglrs kl
jgxftg`i (fwták) p`ur bf tlrrl kçní fpbfigl.
Hofhui k‗lux lst sldabfabl í uil d`itfeil gddufabl.
Çhfrtl-t`g kl blur v`gl lt i‗lssfyl pfs kl tl prlsslr p`ur
hût`ylr hlux qul ig pfrlits ig lijfits i‗`it pu çb`geilr kl
blur aut71.

76 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½:1, vlrslt ;.

71 Hl qug sgeigjgl qul rgli kfis hl d`ikl, pfs dîdl bls `anlts bls
pbus holrs il plut bls rltligr.

Vugizgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl bf hrfgitl
hr fgitl lt kl J lsp`gr

Gb f kgt, qu‗Fbbáo ;?# sfihtgjgl s`i slhrlt gifhhlssgabl

(sgrruou fb-'fzàz)78 > « N‗fg vu kfis bl rîvl h`ddl sg nl dl
fb-'fzàz)78
tr`uvfgs kfis ui likr`gt sldabfabl í uil d`squçl `÷ kls
elis sl tlifglit li rltrfgt ku d`ikl. Nl d‗litlikgs kgrl >
« Xg slubldlit uitlb p`uvfgt bls çkuqulr lt bls eugklr sur
bf a`iil v`gl ³. Nl jfgsfgs fbbusg`i í ui o`ddl k‗litrl bls
Zlrtulux (sfbgoài)7; )7;. Lt v`g bí qu ‗gbs sl rfss
rfsslda
lda bïrl it fu
t`ur kl d`g. B‗ui k‗litrl lux d‗fp`str`pof > « ]`urqu`g
il pfrbls-tu pfs, t`g 0 ³ (h‗lst-í-kgrl p`ur i`us çkgjglr). Nl
rçp`ikgs > « Xg v`us d‗fhhlptlz kfis hl rûbl, nl bl jlrfgs ³,
pugs n l blur
blu r kgs > « Xg v`u s v`us
v `us sçpfrlz kls hrçftu rls p `ur
fbblr vlrs bl Zrfg, fb`rs il kldfiklz pbus rgli fux elis
pfr v`s bfieu ls. B`rsB`rsqul
qul v`us y slrlz pfrvl ius, il blur
kldfiklz pbus rgli fvlh v`s hŘurs 3 hfr kldfiklr fvlh bl
hŘur h‗lst h`ddl kldfiklr fvlh bf bfieul.
Xfholz lisugtl qu‗Fbbáo ;?# lst hofqul n`ur kfis uil
i`uvlbbl d`kfbgtç (sf‗rg), kfis uil fbtçrftg`i, uil dutf-

78 Hlttl j`rdubl rldpbfhl b‗lxprlssg`i dlitg`iiçl kfis bf i`tl

i½7. F i`tlr qul « sgrr ³ (slhrlt) kçsgeil tlhoigquldlit, lu çefrk í bf
h`istgtutg`i kl b‗îtrl qug sl dfigjlstl kfis i`trl d`ikl li tfit qu‗
« oudfgi ³, uil rçfbgtç lih`rl pbus çblvçl qul hlbbl kl « b‗lsprgt ³
(ròo).
7; Hj. bf i`tl i½61. Li jfgt hl qufbgjghftgj plut sl trfkugrl kgjjç
rlddlit slb`i bls h`i tlxtls, hfr gb s‗fppbgqul í kls igvlfux kgjjçrlits.
 5: B‗FHHÏX f u dystïrl

tg`i, ui l çbçvftg`i , ui f afgssldli t7<. Gb çbïvl ui er`upl

Xlgzgïdl kgsh`urs >
nu sq u‗í « 'fbgygò i ³%. Gb fafgssl ui futrl « fu pbus afs kls
'fbg ygòi
klerçs ³7
³755. Hlux qu g jurlit çblvçs h rfgeilit k ‗îtrl prçhgpg
tçs fu pbus afs kls klerçs lt lspïrlit îtrl dfgitlius lt
prçs lrvç s kfis blu r çtft. Hlu
Hluxx qug rçsgk lit fu pbus afs kl Kl bf rldgsl h`ijgfitl kl sls fjjfgrls
erç, hrfgeilit k‗îtrl çtlrilbbldlit dfgitlius kfis hlttl í Fbbáo gd 9 (tfwfccub)
vgbl h`ikgtg`i lt lspïrlit îtrl çblvçs (í 'Fbgy
‗ ygi).
]ugs nl dl sugs rçvlgbbç ³.
lt kls stftg`is qu‗lbbl h`dp`rtl

[u i ‗ls v`gbç kl bf eráhl k‗Fbbáo lt kl Xls agli

75 Hlttl j`rdubftg`i strghtldlit jgkïbl fu tlxtl frfal, i‗litlik li
rgli iglr b‗gddufagbgtç lsslitglbbl k‗Fbbfo, blqulb kldlurl fu-klbí ku
h`ikgtg`iiç (lt dîdl ku i`i-h`ikgtg`iiç). ]`ur rlstlr pr`hol kl
b‗lx`tçrgsdl rlbgeglux, gb lut jfbbu trfkugrl bl kçaut kl bf porfsl pfr >
« Fbbáo lst hofqul n`ur `hhupç í uil őuvrl i`uvlbbl ³.
7: rFbgygòi > bl pbus çblvç kls bglux.
75 Fsjf b fs-sájgbài > Bl pbus afs kls klerçs. Z`gr Vur‗ái, s`urftl
i½7<, vlrslt <.
jfgts qul pfr tf h`ijgfihl pbfhçl li bls hrçfturls lt bls
hfusls slh`ikls (fsaáa), li bls frtgjghls (fs- sfi áWg) 7X lt
bls p`sslssg`is. Bls hrçfturls s`it bl v`gbl qug t‗ldpîhol
kl efeilr tf vgl slb`i bf Xuiif, hl qug lst bl vçrgtfabl
efgi. [fit qul tu rlstls fuprïs kls hrçfturls, lspçrfit
blurs k`is lt jfvlurs, t‗fkrlssfit í lux kfis hl aut, tl tl
ifit li plrdfilihl í blurs p`rtls, tu kldlurls ui
fss`hgftlur ! [u fss`hg
fss`hgls
ls Fbbáo fu hrçç ! Kïs b`rs, Gb
tl hoátgl li tl prgvfit ku efgi kl tf vgl slb`i bf Xuiif 3
h‗lst-í-kgrl li fhquçrfit lxhbusgvldlit bl bghgtl kl hl
d`§g*dfgitlifit tu tl rlpliks kl hlttl stftg`i fuprïs kls
hrçfturls lt kl b‗fss`hgftg`i ku hrçl í t`i Xlgeilur 3 sg tu
rlt`urils fu « cfsa ³", tl i`urrgs pfr s`i d`yli lt y pbf
hls tf h`ijgfihl fvlh fssurfihl, dfgs li `uabgfit bf jfvlur
ku Xlgeilur 3 tu kldlurls t`ut futfit ui « fss`hgftlur ³ !
Gb s‗fegt k‗uil « fss`hgftg`i ³ hfhoçl, pbus suarlptghl qul
bf prldgïrl. Fbbáo gD] tl hoátgl kl hl jfgt, tl kçr`al Xf
Jfvlur lt bl kçaut bl X`i K`i.

7? Bls frts (bl dîdl d`t kçsgeil fussg b‗frtgsfift) lt bls `anlts
pr`kugts pfr lux.

Hj. bf i`tl i½:1.

5? B‗FHHÏX f u dystïrl 'f ak FB-VÁKGQ FB-NGBÍIÀ 57

Xg dfgitlifit tu tl rlpliks kl hlttl sgtuftg`i lt çbgdg lt t`i rfie fuprïs kl t`i Xlgeilur ( dfwbá) fuedlitlit,
ils « b‗fss`hgftg`i ³ qug s‗gitlrp`sl 3 sg tu il pbfhl pbus tf t`ut h`ddl tf hfpfhgtç í efrklr bls slhrlts, fb`rs tu sfgs í
h`ijgfihl li b‗fhqugsgtg`i (cfsa), lt li tls j`rhl lt pugs qulb d`dlit tl pfrvglikrf bf pfrt fbb`uçl. Hlhg lst ui lj

sfihl > tu h`itldpbls fb`rs Fbbfo «jj# h`ddl çtfit Bl jlt kl Xfpfr
kgeigtç, Eçiçr`sgtç livlrs
purl jfvlur t`g, uiprçslit
lt h`ddl çefrk qu‗gb
kl Xffhh`rkl
pfrt. í tf
]`urv`ylur (rfzzáq). H‗lst Bug qug `hhfsg`iil lt jfhgbgtl
b‗fhqugsgtg`i, lt k`iil bf j`rhl p`ur hl jfgrl. Gb jfv`rgsl lt Fbbfo kgt > « I`us fv`is sushgtç
sushg tç k ‗litrl lux kls
plrd lt tt`ut
`ut agli. Bf rg hols sl (rgzq) lst litrl Xls dfgis.
rghols gdád-s
gdád -s qug eugklit pfr i`trl @rkrl, ku jf gt kl blur pf
]frj`gs GG tl bf jfgt pfrvligr pfr bl truholdlit kls hrçf tglih l lt kl blur hlrtgtukl
tglihl hlrtg tukl qufi t í i`s Xgeils ³ \
)=lt fus
turls, í bf sugtl kl bf kldfikl qul tu blur fkrlssls li çtft sg > « Hrfgeilz Fbbfo « jg
# ,lt Fbbfo gd] v`us lislgeil
k ‗fjjbghtg`i 3 pfrj`gs fussg í bf sugtl k‗ljj`rts kl
kl d`rtgjghf  rf ³6=
6=6. ]ugs GG tt‗givlstg
‗givlstg t ku p`u v`gr kl eçi çrlr bls ho`sls
tg`is ( rgyákf ) `u lih`rl li rçp`isl í bf kldfikl qul tu (>tfcwài), pfr uil plrdgssg`i (gki) lxpbghgtl, il h`dp`rtfit
Bug fkrlssls (kgrlhtldlit). K‗futrls j`gs, h‗lst pfr bf rç fuhuil fdageuàtç, lt pfr kls gikghftg`is argbbfitls h`ddl
duiçrftg`i k‗ui trfvfgb fhh`dpbg, `u agli pfr bf slubl jf bl s`blgb 3 pfr Xls pfr`bls pbus ferçfabls qul t`utl futrl
vlur sp`itfiçl, sfis qul tu pugssls gklitgjglr bl d`yli k`uhlur lt pfr uil gitugtg`i vçrgkgqul, sfis h`ijusg`i fu
dgs li Řuvrl. Fpfgsç, tu t‗ls t`uriç vlrs Bug. huil, purgjgçl kl t`utl hfptftg`i psyhogqul `u sueelstg`i
Gb bïvl bl v`gbl nltç litrl t`g lt Xf Jfvlur. Gb tl i`urrgt ku kgfabl dfukgt. Fbbfo f kgt > « Û jgbs k ‗Fkfd ! Nl
pf r Xf Eráhl p`u r hofhui
hofh ui kl tls als`gi s, slb`i hl qug sugs Fbbfo, p`git kl Kglu sgi`i D`g. Nl kgs í bf ho`sl
h`rrlsp`ik í t`i çtft. Gb pr`hïkl h`ddl bl jlrfgt ui dçkl « s`gs ³, lt lbbl lst. @açgs-d`g, Nl tl rlikrfgs tlb qul tu kg
hgi pblgi kl h`dpfssg`i fuprïs k‗ui dfbfkl, tl pr`tç
rfs í bf
b f ho`
ho`sl
sl « s`g
s`gss ³ lltt lbbl slrf
s lrf ³6=
³6=1.
elfit, tl efrkfit pliholr vlrs « futrl qul bug ³. Gb tl h`d Hlrtls, Gb f fgisg feg fvlh alfuh`up kl Xls ]r`poïtls lt
abl kl sftgsj fhtg` i p fr Xf j fvlur. Kfis hlt çtft, s‗çb` geili t kl Xls Xfgits lt ]rgvgbçegç s k‗litrl bls jgbs k ‗Fkfd.
‗Fkfd.
kl t`i hŘur t`utl v`b`itç pr`prl, t`ut kçsgr, t`utl n`ugs
sfihl, t`utl kldfikl, lt t`ut `anlt agli-fgdç. Qgli i‗y
kldlurl sgi`i bf v`b`itç ku Xlgeilur.
B`rsqu‗gb vlut h`ikugrl nusqu‗í t`g bf pfrt qug t‗ls gi 6== Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i½ 81, vlrslt 1; .
kgsplisfabl, lt qug i‗lst bl b`t ku iub futrl, gb pr`v`qul li 6=6 Vur‗
Vur‗ái
ái,, s`urftl i½1, vlrslt 1?1. « Uf gttfqò Fbbfo wf
t`g bl als`gi kl hlttl pfrt lt tl bf jfgs pfrvligr fu d`dlit yufbbgd ucudu Fbbfo ³ > Hlttl gin`ihtg`i qur qur‗áigqul
‗áigqul sujjgrfgt í lbbl
fppr`prgç, tl jfgsfit çefbldlit prlikrl h`ishglihl qu‗lbbl slubl kl eugkl. Bf tfqw á, qug gdpbgqul bf vgegbfihl lt bf prgsl kl h`is
il vglit qul kl Bug. H‗lst fb`rs qul tu Bl rldlrhgls, lt hglihl kl hl k`it gb s‗fegt, fgisg qul bf d`agbgsftg`i fttlitgvl kl t`utls
h`iifgs p`ur sór. Gb fuedlitl í hl d`dlit t`i fjjrfihogs bls jfhubtçs kfis b‗`açgssfihl í Fbbfo, lst bl d`yli p`ur rlhlv`gr kg
rlhtldli t X`i lislge ild lit (Hj. 65ldl kgsh`urs).
sldlit kls hrçfturls lt t`i çb`geildlit kls o`ddls 3 lt
Í b‗gitlitg`i kl hlrtfgis qug s‗gdfegilit p`uv`gr pgbblr bls dçto`
tu vgkls lijgi t`i hŘur ( fb-aátgi) kl t`ut futrl qul Bug.
kls trfkgtg`iilbbls, gb jfut prçhgslr > b‗fttlitg`i, `ug, dfgs sfis b‗`reu lgb
B`rsqul t`i sfv`gr hr`ét fgisg qul tf hlrtgtukl, qul tf ig bf jftugtç.
p`g trgi l s‗çbfregt
s‗çbf regt lt t`i hŘur s‗gbbudgil,
s‗gbbud gil, qul tf pr`xg
pr`xgdgtç
dgtç 6=1Ofkàt quksb.
 Kgx-slptgïdl kgsh`urs
kgsh`urs >

Kl bf dfigïrl k`it `i frrgvl

í Fbbfo pfr b ‗gitlrdçkgfgrl
ku eugkl (dursgk)

Xg tu frrgvls í Fbbfo lt tl tr`uvls rfppr`hoç (kl

Bug),vlgbb
agli hl fit
i‗lst qul eráhl
(tfwjéq). í s`i íFhtg`i
« Frrgvlr Fbbfo lt í X`i Fhh`rk
³ sgeigjgl tf
s`rtgl o`rs ku hrçç, kl bf pfssg`i, kl bf v`b`itç pr`prl lt
kls kçsgrs gikgvgkulbs. H‗lst kldlurlr fvlh Xf Xlubl Fh
tg`i, sfis qul pr`hïkl kl t`g uil d`tg`i ( ofrfcf ) qulb
h`iqul, k‗fgbblurs gssul kgrlhtldlit kl tf plrs`iil `u
pr`v `quç li t`g pfr Xls hrçftur ls. Dfgs bf d`tg` i lst slu
bldlit pfr X`i Kçhrlt (oucri), X`i `rkrl (fdr) `u X`i
Fhtl (jàgb) - Gb s‗fegt kl b‗çtft
b‗çtft k‗lxtg
k‗lxtgihtg`i
ihtg`i (jfif) qul b‗`i
lxprgdl pfr « frrgvçl ³ (wusòb). Hlrtls, « b‗frrgvçl í Fb
bfo ³ i‗lst rgli kl sldabfabl fvlh bl jfgt kl n`gikrl uil kl
Xls hrçfturls, fvlh « b‗figvçl ³ kfis bl slis ofagtulbbl
dlit h`dprgs (kfis bl bfiefel kls o`ddls) > « Qg li i ‗lst
sldabfabl í Bug, lt GG lst ZLitlikfit, bl Z`yfit ³ ³6
6=8. Bl
hrçftlur trfishlikfit kls hrçfturls il plut îtrl blur îtrl
h`dpfrç.
« B‗frrgvçl ³ nusqu‗í Bug lst h`iiul « kls elis kl bf
rçfbgsftg`i ³ (fob fb-wusòb) kl pfr b‗lislgeildlit dîdl
qu‗gb blur pr`kgeul í hl sunlt 3 í hofhui slb`i uil dfigïrl
spçhgjgqul gifssgeigfabl.

6=8 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½ ;1, v lrslt 66.

?1 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL
HFAK FB-V ÍKGQ FB -NÀBÍI b ?8

H‗lst fgisg qul bl [rïs-Ofut p`ssïkl fuprïs kl hofqul qufit í X`i @rkrl (dutfrfqgafi bg-fdrgog), `hhupç í sf
Liv`yç, ]r`poïtl { A } `u Xfgit, ui slhrlt qul plrs`iil slubl `açgssfihl, kçdfrquç kl t`utls Xls hrçfturls kfis
k‗futrl
rfit il pfxtfel
(duik)d fvlh
fvlh
fgt ui Bug. gei`rç
slhrlt Gb frrgvlklk‗fgbblurs
k ‗fgbblurs
s`i dfétrl qu‗ui fspg
fsp g
spgrgtulb hl afs d`ikl lt kfis b‗futrl. I‗fttfhol t`i hŘur í rgli kl
hl qug Bug fppfrtglit.
(sfyo). Lt bl sfyo, agli sór, p`ssïkl ui slhrlt qug kldlurl
hfhoç dîdl fu kgshgpbl k`it bl holdgildlit fttlgit fu H`isgkïrl t`utl hrçfturl h`ddl sldabfabl í ui
slugb kl sf h`ikgtg`i spgrgtulbbl. Xg t`utlj`gs, gb frrgvl fu o`ddl bge`tç sur `rkrl k‗ui subtfi í b‗gddlisl r`yfudl,
kgshgpbl k‗`atligr b‗çtft spgrgtulb kl s`i dfétrl, gb k`gt k`it bf pugssfihl lst tlrrgjgfitl
tlrrgjgfitl - Hlt o`ddl, p`rtfit kls
hoféils fu h`u lt fux pglks, lst hruhgjgç sur ui frarl, fu
s‗gs`blr kl hl klriglr lt s‗li sçpfrlr6=;66=<.
=<. Bl Zrfg (fb-ofqq) a`rk k ‗ui erfi
erfikk jbluvl,
jbluv l, fu pugssfit
pugss fit kçagt.
bl prlik fb`rs li hofrel (yftf wfbbá ou ) 6=: lt bl sïvrl h `d
yftfwfbbá
pbïtld lit ku hrçç (fb-ofbq). Bl sfyo, bug, lst sldabfabl í Bl subtfi sl tglit sur ui trûil çblvç, kgjjghgbl í fppr`
bf i`urrghl, `r gb i‗y f pbus k‗fbbfgtldlit fprïs uil pçrg`kl holr. ]rïs kl bug, gb f kls jbïhols, bfihls lt t`utls s`rtls
kl klux fis. Lt bl hrçç il suasgstl pbus fprïs bf kgspfrgtg`i k‗frdls tlrrgabls lt gii`darfabls. Bl v`gbí qug sl dlt í
kl bf pfssg`i lt kl bf v`b`itç pr`prl. bfihlr kl hls frdls, slb`i s`i a`i pbfgsgr, sur b‗o`ddl
hruhgjgç.
Bl sfyo lst içhlssfgrl tfit qul plrsgstl bf pfssg`i lt bf
v`b`itç fjgi kl bls kçtrugrl. Dfgs fprïs blur kgspfrgtg`i, Lst-gb p`ssgabl qul bl tçd`gi kl hlttl shïil pugssl kç
s`i utgbgtç hlssl hfr gb il rlstl pbus kl sh`rgls ig t`urilr s`i rlefrk ku subtfi, sl s`ustrfgrl í bf plur qu‗gb
k‗gdplrjlhtg`i. Xg tu frrgvls nusqu‗fu Zrfg, slb`i bf v`gl gispgrl (fgisg qu‗í b‗lsp`gr k‗îtrl çpfreiç), lt jgxlr s`i ft
gikgquçl pfr i`us, kldlurl í nfdfgs gikldil kl t`ut hl tlitg`i sur bf plrs`iil hruhgjgçl, li rlp`rtfit sf hrfgitl lt
qug lst « futrl qul Bug ³. I‗fttrgaul fuhuil lxgstlihl í s`i lspçrfihl sur lbbl 0 Vugh`iqul fegrfgt fgisg il slrfgt-gb
« futrl qul Bug ³ ig kfis bl k`ddfelfabl, ig kfis bl pfs tfxç kl j`bgl `u kl rçerlssg`i
rçerl ssg`i í J figdfbgtç
figdfbgt ç 0 I`us
pr`jgtfabl,
pr`j gtfabl, ig kfis bl s`uofgtfa
s`uofgtfabl.
bl. Bug Xlub lst í dîdl
d îdl kl i`us rçjueg`is li Fbbfo kl bf hçhgtç qug suhhçklrfgt í
pfrk`iilr.
pfrk` iilr. X`gs h`
h`istfd
istfddlit
dlit tçd
tçd`gi
`gi kl X`i
X` i Fhtl, vgegbfit
vgegbf it bf vul hbfgrl, kl bf sçpfrftg`i sl suastgtufit í b‗uig`i
(yvusòb), kl b‗çb`geildlit rldpbfåfit bl rfppr`holdlit, kl
b‗çefrldlit
b‗çefrld lit fkvlifit
fk vlifit fprïs bf eugkfi
e ugkfihl6
hl6==5, kl b‗gihr`yfih
b‗gihr `yfihll
6=; Dur àk > vglit kl hgr
hgrhu
hubf
bf qug sgeigjgl v`ub`gr, fspgrlr, ghg í Fbbfo. (cujr) 6=?qug
?qu g su
sugvrf
gvrfgt
gt bf j`g.
Hlttl çtyd`b`egl s`ubgeil b‗fttgtukl fhtgvl, (lt i`i « dystgqul ³) rl Hl afs d`ikl lst sldabfabl í hl jbluvl gddlisl lt
qugsl.
tudubtulux qug vglit k‗îtrl çv`quç. Hofqul n`ur sls lfux
6=< Ghg trfispfrfét
trfispfrfét ui
ui prgihgpl kl bf v`gl s `uvlit `hhubtç, í sfv`gr
qul bf s`udgssg`i fu dfétrl spgrgtulb i‗lst pfs ui aut li s`g, dfgs
qu‗lbbl k`gt hlsslr rçeubg ïrldl it b`rsqu‗lbbl f fttlgit s`i `anlhtgj. Hl
6=5 Bl blhtlur v`ukrf agli i`us pfrk`iil
pfrk`iilrr hl iç`b`eg sdl, j`rdç
 qul bl sfyo lxpbgqul ui plu pbus b`gi > « gb i‗y f pbus k‗fbbfgtldl
k‗fbbfgtldlit
it
sur bl vlral « eugklr ³, p`ur gdgtlr bl tlrdl frfal.
frfal.
fprïs uil pçrg`kl kl klux fis ³. Hj. Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1, vlrslt 188.
6=? Cujr qul b‗`i trfkugt s`uvlit pfr « gijgkçbgtç ³ kçsgeil bgttçrf
6=: Hj. bf i`tl i½5<. Hlplikfit, gb s ‗fegt ghg kl bf prgsl li hofrel
bldlit b‗fhtg`i kl rlh`uvrgr, h‗lst-í-kgrl kl sl kçt`urilr k‗uil vçrgtç
aglivlgbbfitl qu‗Fbbfo jfgt kl sf hrçfturl.
`u k‗ui aglijfgt.

?; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

fuedlitlit, blsqulbbls s`it b‗gdfel kls kçsgrs kls jgbs

k‗Fkfd lt kls kçbghls qu‗gbs y çpr`uvlit, dfgs fussg kls Kgx-ougtgïdl kgsh`urs >
dfbolurs qug li rçsubtlit p`ur lux.
Bls jbïhols lt futrls frdls rlprçslitlit bls hfbfdgtçs
qul bl klstgi (qfkfr) blur liv`gl. Li ljjlt, hl qug prçk` Kl Jgitlrkghtg`
gitlrkghtg`i!
i! kl sl pb
pbfgikr
fgikrll
dgil kfis hl afs d`ikl p`ur bls jgbs k‗Fkfd, hl s`it bls
hfbfdgtçs, b‗fhhfabldlit, bls k`ublurs lt bls çprluvls.
Dîdl hl qu‗gbs rlsslitlit kl aglijfgts lt kl kçbghls lst dîbç
kl trfhfs. [`ut o`ddl
o`dd l gitlbbgelit qug y rçjbçhogt h`dprlik Bl h`islgb lst bl sugvfit > il sl pbfgikrl í plrs`iil kl
qu‗gb il plut y fv`gr p`ur bug kl vgl `u kl rlp`s fgbblurs qul hl qug v`us frrgvl ig í ui fdg, ig í ui liildg. I‗fhhuslz
kfis b‗futrl d`ikl 3 (s`us rçslrvl qu‗gb s`gt k‗litrl bls pfs v`trl Xlgeilur
Xlgei lur p`ur
p`u r hl qu‗gb
qu ‗gb `pïrl li v`us lt liv`gl
liv` gl
hr`yfits
hr`yfits).
). Bl ]r`poïtl
('fys) Skgeil kl hl i`dT f kgtbf> «vgl
( ® )sgi`i Gb i ‗y f p`git kl vgl
kl b ‗futrl d`ikl kl hfbfdgtçs.
n`u gsslzz lt bf D`itrlz
n`ugssl erftgtukl.(fux futrls)
Dîdl pbutût
lin`bgvlr
lin`bgv bl dfigjlstfit
lr li agli k`it
dfigjl v`us
stfit kl
(áogrf) ³, lt çefbldlit > « ]`git kl rlp`s p`ur bl hr`yfit bf erftgtukl p`ur ui aglijfgt gilxgstfit lst dlgbblur qul
o`rs kl bf rlih`itrl kl X`i Xlgeilur ³. Lvgklddlit, li kgrl bf vçrgtç li sl pbfgeifit í v`trl lit`urfel. Dfgs qug
h`rl uil j`gs, slub bl hr`yfit lst h`ihlriç pfr hls pr`p`s. k`ih lst kçduig ku aglijfgt vlifit k‗Fbbáo 0 Fbbfo
Bl ]r`poïtl (® ) f kgt lih`rl
lih`rl > « Hl d`ikl ghg-afs lst bf 2jX# kgt
k gt > « Xg v`us (lssfylz) kl h`dptlr bls aglijfgts
prgs` i ku hr`yf it lt bl ]frfkg
]frfkgss ku dçh rçfi t ³. Lt fussg >
dçhrçfi k ‗Fbb áo ;d], v`us il p`urrgl z bls çiu d çr lr ³6 ³66 . H`d
6=*
« b ‗o`ddl pglu x (tfqà) lst fssunl ttg, bgç ³
fssunlttg, ³6=
6=7. agli kl aglijfgts
aglijfg ts t‗fhh`dpfe
t‗fhh `dpfeilit
ilit sfis qul tu li prliils
prlii ls
Fprïs hls ofkàt-s, lt fussg slb`i bf h`istftftg`i kgrlhtl, h`ishglihl 0 Il tl rlp`sl sur fuhuil hrçfturl, ig i‗li jfgs
h`ddlit lst-gb p`ssgabl kl prçtlikrl í bf albbl vgl kfis hl t`i gitgdl. Vul iub il sfhol hl qul tu likurls. Vul t`i
d`ikl 0 I`i pfr bl rlp`s, hfr bl rlp`s rçsgkl kfis bf gitgdgtç s`gt fvlh Fbbfo slub. Il tl rlp`sl
rlp` sl qu‗li
qu ‗li Bug,
h`isçhrftg`i lxhbusgvl í Fbbfo lt li b‗fhh`rk h`islitg lt il tl pbfgis kl Bug qu‗í Bug. Il v`gs pfs kl « slh`ik ³
(fuprïs kl Bug).
(duwájfqf) fvlh Bug 3 kfis bl rlbáholdlit li t`utl qugç
tukl klvfit Bug. ]fr hlttl fttgtukl bl slrvgtlur sl sgtul o`rs Iugrll `u jfv`rgslr,
Iugr jfv`rgs lr, fttgrlr `u rlp`usslr,
rlp`u sslr, çblvlr `u rfrf
kl hl d`ikl-hg. Fb`rs gb slrf ho`yç pfr bf a`itç, bf dgsçrg afgsslr, fppfuvrgr
fppfu vrgr `u lirghogr, d`uv`gr
d`u v`gr `u frrîtlr, il s`it
h`rkl, bf elitgbblssl, b‗fdgtgç lt bf jfvlur. fu p`uv`gr k‗fuhuil hrçfturl. [`utls ho`sls s`it bf hrçf
Lt Fbbfo
Fbbfo ( j # lst pbus sfvfi
sfvfit.
t. tg`i k‗Fbbáo «jò), s`it kfis Xf dfgi. Blur dfrhol sl jfgt
pfr X`i @rkrl lt Xf ]lrdgssg`i,
]lrdgssg` i, lt lbbls s ‗çh`ublit t`utls
vlrs ui kçbfg jgxç. Lbbls s`it t`utls fuprïs kl Bug, slb`i
6=7 Bgttçrfbldlit « argkç ³ gk lst h`ikugt pfr ui futrl. Gb lst bgç
uil dlsurl (çtfabgl). Iub il plut fvfihlr hl qu‗gb f rltfr
kç, ig rltfrklr hl q u‗gb f fvfihç.
k‗uil pfrt pfr bls kgshgpbgils fuxqulbbls gb sl s`udlt lt, k‗futrl pfrt,
pfr bf h`ishglihl kl sf prgs`i sgi`i gb hr`grfgt bug fussg fu « dytol kl
bf bgalrtç ³. Bf vçrgtfabl bgalrtç sl tr`uvl sur ui t`ut futrl pbfi qul
hlbug `÷ b‗gdfegil b ‗o`ddl h`itldp
h`itldp`rfgi.
`rfgi. 66=Vur‗
Vur‗íi,
íi, s`urftl i½6; , vlrslt 8;.

?: B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL ' f a k f b - q á k g r f b - n àb í i à ?5

Fbbfoo
Fbbf kgt > « Xg Fbbfo ;D] v ` u s t`uhol pfr ui ]lux-tu s`upå`iilr uil dfdfi dgsçrgh`rkglusl (kl jfgbbgr
dfb, iu b il pl ut Z`tlr sgi`i
sgi`i Bug-Dîdl, lt s‗ s‗gb
gb vlut p`u r í bbff hofrgtç)
hofrgtç) 0 Blfvlh
dgsçrgh`rkglux ]r`poïtl
]r`po ( X ) f kgt qu‗uil
ïtl slrvgtlur
X`i > « Fbbfodïrl fvlh
lst pbusfs
t`g ui agli
agli,, i ub il pl ut b ‗ldpîho
ldpîholr.
lr. Gb fttlgit pfr hl agli
qug GG vlut k ‗litrl Xls slrvgtlurs, lt Bug lst t`un`urs Hl pr`e çig
çigturl
turl ³.
bug qug pfrk`iil, bl [rïs Dgsçrgh`rkglux Qlsplhtl bls h`ivlifihls, û dfbolurlux, hlbf tl dïil
Xg tu tl pbfgis kl Bug fb`rs qul tu n`ugs kl bf sçhurgtç lt rf í fv`gr kl bf pftglihl b`rs kls fjjbghtg`is, sg hlbbl-hg tl
jfgt ofagtulbbldlit kçjfut. ]ugs lxlrhl tf pftglihl sg tu
k‗ui aglijfgt, rçhbfdfit kfvfitfel (zgyá kf ), gei`rfit
i‗fs pfs lih`rl bf j`rhl kl rlsslitgr bf sftgsjfhtg`i lt
shglddlit, pfr kçh`isgkçrftg`i, hl qul tu p`ssïkls kçní
b‗ferçdlit b`rs kl b‗çprluvl. Lisugtl, fhhlptl lt ferçl sg
kl aglijfgt lt k‗gitçergtç, Gb sl jáholrf h`itrl t`g lt jlrf
kgspfrfétrl hls fvfitfels, nustgjgfit fgisg tls k`bçfihls, tu ls t`un`
t` un`urs
urs b í66
í66; 3 `u çtlgis-t`g
çtlgis -t`g sg tu i‗ls ppbu
bus6
s666< 3 û t`g,
fuedlitfit t`i fjjbghtg`i,
fjjbghtg`i, gitlisgjgfit t`i hoátgdlit, tl rç X`ujrl Q`uel, `÷ ls-tu 0 @÷ plut-`i tl tr`uvlr 0 @÷ ls-tu
kugsfit í b‗gdpugssfihl, tl kgdgiufit fu p`git qul tu hou vgsgabl 066
066: I ‗litliks-tu
‗litliks-t u pfs Xf ]fr`bl
]fr `bl « Gb v`us
v`us lst prls
tlrfs kfis X`i lstgdl. hrgt kl h`dafttrl lt h‗lst uil `abgeftg`i qug v`us pïsl.
H‗lst fgisg qu‗gb v`us frrgvl kl kçtlstlr hl qug v`us
Zrfgdlit prliks efrkl í il pfs tl pbfgikrl, dîdl sg
h`ivglit lt, fu h`itrfgrl, kl rlholrholr hl qug v`us lst
b‗livgl kl bl jfgrl bfa`url tls hofgrs h`ddl uil d`rsurl
iugsgabl. Fbbf o sfgt (hl qug v`us lst utgbl lt hl qug
kl tlifgbbls. Dfbolur í t`g, lt lih`rl dfbolur í t`g (sg tu tl
pbfgis)
pbfgi s) 3 Fbbfo ;§;§Ç,
Ç, Fbbfo {ò jh lt t`un`urs
t`un`u rs Fbbfo 3 v`us iugsgabl), dfgs v`us, v`us il bl sfvlz pfs ³³66
6656
6?.
(rfpplbbl-t`g)
(rfppl bbl-t`g) bl sfbut, bl sfbut
sfbu t 3 prliks efrkl,
efrk l, prliks
prli ks Gb f rlpbgç kl klvfit t`g bf shglihl kl bf rçfbgtç kls ho`
efrkl661. sls lt t‗li f v`gbç. Il dfiqul pfs fu rlsplht kls h`ivl
Bf pbupfrt kls hfbfdgtçs qug t`dalit sur bl jgbs ifihls
rlsplhtllibf ofàssfit
b`g sfhrçl`ukfis
li fgdfit
t`ut hl slb`i t`g-dîdl.sg Dfgs
qug t‗fkvglit, vrfg
k‗Fk fd6668 s`it pr`v`quçls pfr
k‗Fkfd6 p fr sf pbfgitl h`itrl s`i Xlg
dlit tu tl tglis kfis b‗çtft kl «pgçtç ³ (tfqwá)d blqulb
eilur. H`ddlit plux-tu tl pbfgikrl kl Bug, fb`rs qu‗gb lst
bl pbus Dgsçrgh`rkglux kls dgsçrgh`rkglux, bl dlgbblur kls
nuel s, sfel lt gijgigdlit
gijgig dlit gij`rdç, a`i lt trïs dgsçrgh`r
dgsçr gh`r
kglux, fgdfabl fvlh Xls slrvgtlurs, nfdfgs ginustl, pfrlgb í 66; X`us-litli ku > sg tu hr`gs lih`rl í t`i
t`i lxgstlih l sçpfrçl
ui dçklhgi pr`hol, sfel lt fdg, pblgi kl h`dpfssg`i 0 66< H‗lst bl stfkl prçhçklit gddçkgftldlit « b‗lxtgihtg`i t`tfbl ³.

66: B ‗`
‗`i
i v`gt ghg qul hl k lerç ku « X`ujrl Q`uel ³ h`rrlsp`ik
h`rrlsp`ik í
b‗lxtgihtg`i t`tfbl kfis b‗Lsslihl. Bl vlrslt sgtuç gddçkgftldlit
666 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½ 6=, vlr slt 6=5. fprïs gbbustrl bl slis ku d`t « h`dafttrl ³ qug sl rfpp`rtl í bf h`itg
iuftg`i kl bf « erfikl eulrrl sfgitl ³ nusqu ‗fu sfhrgjghl ubtgd l kl
661 Bf j`rdl bgttçrfbl ku tlxtl f çtç h`islrvçl, fv lh sls rçpçtgtg`is b‗gikgvgkufbgtç (h‗lst-í-kgrl kl b‗gbbusg`i kl b‗gikgvgkufbgtç sçpfrçl).
qug dfrqulit bf erfvgtç ku h`islgb, bf dgsl li efrkl s`bliilbbl.
665 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i ½61 , vlrsl t 168.
668 Bls « jgbs k‗Fk fd³ s`it bls gikgvgkus h`dp`sfits b‗oudfig
b‗oudfigtç
tç
66? Hj. bf i`tl i ½6= 6.
fhtulbbl. Hl tlrdl rfpplbbl pfr fgbblurs b ‗uigtç kl bf jfdgbbl oudfgil.
oudfgil.

?? b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l
jFAK FB-VÁKGQ FB-NÀBÁIÉ ?7

h`istgtul bl prldglr pfs (sur bf v`gl k ‗Fbbfo Lisugtl @r bls fjjbghtg`is (ku klstgi) s`it kls lxpgftg`is (du -
`açgs í b‗@rkrl (fdr ), kfis b‗çtft kl wgbáyf (sfgitltç,
cfjjfrát) lt kls purgjghftg`is. Bl ]r`poïtl {(§9} f kgt > « Bf
pr`xgdgt
pr`x gdgtç)
ç) lt k ‗lxtgiht g`i (oudòk) kl bf pfssg`i, sfis t‗li
jgïvrl kl t`utl uil n`uri çl h`istgt ul b ‗lxpgftg`i k ‗uil fi
çhfrtlr. Hlbf h`istgtul bl kluxgïdl pfs. Lt s`gs sftgsjfgt kl
içl ³. Lt sf pfr`bl, lst vçrgkgqul.
b‗Fhtl kgvgi (qug s‗fhh`dpbgt kfis bl prçslit). Qlstl li fh
h`rk fvlh bug çtlgis-t`g (jfif = kfis bls çtfts (suhhlssgjs)
kl afkfbgyyf, kl efwtgyyf, kl qutagyyf lt kl sgkéqgyyf, `u
jgi ub tgd l6
l6667. Lhfrtl-t`g (p`ur plrd lttrl bl pfssfel)
pf ssfel) ku
holdgi ku klstgi (qfkfr), i‗litrfvl pfs sf v`gl, rfdïil
li t`g tf ifjs lt tf pfssg`i, efrkl tf bfieul kl bf pbfgitl.

Xg tu
eilur fegs kl bfbls`rtl
fuedlitlrf agli, ltbf qu‗ui
n`gl lt agli fkvgliil,
bl kçbghl. bl Xlg
Xg h‗lst pbu
tût ui dfb qug lst survliu, Gb tl pr`tçelrf kfis hl dfb
dîdl, í b‗`darl kl X`i `açgssfihl. Gb çb`geilrf kl t`g
t`ut abádl,
a bádl, lt tl dfgitglikrf
dfgitglik rf « faslit ³ li Bug t`ut bl
tldps içhlssfgrl nusqu‗í bf hlssftg`i kl hl dfb fu d`
dlit prççtfabg. [`ut h`ddl bf iugt prlik jgi bfgssfit pbfhl
fu n`ur, `u bl jr`gk kl b‗ogvlr lst sugvg kl b‗çtç.
Hl s`it bí kls d`kïbls (kl b`gs) pr`hols (í tf p`rtçl).
]rliks-li i`tl p`ur t`i çkgjghftg`i.
Dfgs gb y f kls pçhoçs, kls hrgdls, kls s`ugbburls rçsub
tfits kls i`darlusls s`rtls kl kçs`açgssfihls. @r bf h`d
pfeigl
pfei gl ku
ku I I`abl
`abl (Fbbfo ;D]) il sglk qu‗fu pur ( táogr), hl
bug qug lst kçafrrfssç kls gdpurltçs kls pçhoçs lt kls jfu
tls. Fbbfo ;D] ;D] i‗fhhlptl sur X`i slugb qul bl a`i
(t fy yga )61=, kçp`urvu kl t`utl prçtlitg`i. [`ut h`ddl bf
yg a )61
h`dpfeigl kls Q`gs il sglk qu‗í ui o`ddl pr`prl, prç
slrvç kl t`utl gdpurltç `u `klur ifusçfa`ikl.

667 Jgi ubtgd l p`u r > bls o`ddls, h ‗lst-í-kgrl

‗lst-í-kgrl bls fkfdg
fkfdgquls.
quls. Xlubl
bf pr`poçtgl sl sgtul fu-klssus kl bf sgkgqgy yf.

61= [fyya sgeigjgl a`i lt qug p`ssïkl uil a`iil `klur.

`klur.

Kgx-iluvgïdl kgsh`urs
kgsh`urs >

Kl J `rkrl
`rk rl kl rlsp
rlsplhtlr
lhtlr sf pr`dlssl
lt kl J gitlrkghtg`i k ‗fegr futrldlit

Xg tu ls jfgabl kfis tf j`g lt tf hlrtgtukl, dfgs qul tu fs

pr`dgs qulbq
qulbqul
ul ho`sl, fhqugttl -t`g kl tf pr`dlssl. Dfgs
il t‗liefel pfs pfr slrdlit, fjgi qul tu il plrkls p`git tf
j`g lt tf hlrtgtukl li hfs kl i`i rlsplht. Xg hlttl fttgtukl
(kl jgkçbgtç í bf pfr`bl k`iiçl) sl rlij`rhl kfis t`i hŘur
lt y klvgli t jlrd jlrdl,l, Xf ]fr ]fr`bl
`bl tl slrfs fkrlss
fkrlssçl
çl >
« F u n` ur k‗ou g tu ls fu
fuprï
prïss kl i` us í kl
kldl
dlurl
url lt giv
givlst
lstgg
kl (df) h`ijgfihl ³61 ³ 616.
Hl kgsh`urs tl slrf rçpçtç lt tu litrlrfs kfis bl er`upl
kls çbus v`grl kfis hlbug kls çbus kl b‗çbgtl. Fb`rs gb il tl
rlstlrf ig v`b`itç pr`prl ig kldfikl pfrtghubgïrl, ig fhtl
t‗fppfrtlifit li pr`prl qug pugssl sushgtlr t`i lstgdl vfig
tlusl kl t`g-dîdl ( runa ) 3 ig uil pr`xgdgtç k`it tu pugssls
prlikrl i`tl ig uil kldlu rl spgrgtu
spgrgtulbbl
lbbl (dfizgbf ) qul tu
 pugssls rldf rqulr
rqu lr lt í bfqul bbl tu pugss
pugssls
ls fspgrlr. [u kl
vglikrfs h`ddl ui rçhgpglit jîbç qug il rltglit fuhui bg
qugkl. Li t`g il kldlurlrf, ig v`b`itç pr`prl, ig hfrfhtïrl
kgstgihtgj, ig fspgrftg`i í qu`g qul hl s`gt kfis hl d`ikl
`u kfis b‗futrl. ]urgjgç kl t`ut hl qug lst futrl qu‗Fbbfo
tu rlhlvrfs t`i pr`prl ferçdlit k‗Fbbfo fgisg
qul bf pr`dlssl kl Xf Xftgsjfhtg`i. [u sfv`urlrfs bls
aglijfgts kl t`us bls Fh tls k ‗Fbbfo sfis lx
lxhlptg`i.
hlptg`i.

616
Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½61, vlrslt <;.

71 B‗FHHÏX f u d y s t ï r l 'FAK FB-VÍKGQ FB-NÀBÍIÀ 78

Fb`rs, tu rlhlvrfs uil pr`dlssl pfrtghubgïrl. Xg tu li t‗fpp`rtlrf bf « jrféholur kls ylux ³ kfis bl «jgrkfws su
çpr`uvls kl b‗fpfgsldlit, kl bf sçrçigtç lt y plrå`gs ui prîdll ³ lt bl « ]frf
prîd ]frfkgs
kgs ku rl
rljuel
juel ³61
³61;.
`rkrl p`ur ui qulbh`iqul v`ub`gr, tu tl vlrrfs trfisp`rtç
vlrs uil pr`dlssl pbus çblvçl, pbus i`abl 3 kl s`rtl qul tu Dfgitlifit, sg tu il holrhofgs, ig i‗lspçrfgs hl rçsubtft
rlefrklrfs bf prçhçklitl fvlh sujjgsfihl. Bls p`rtls kls b`rs kl t`i sçn`ur kfiskfis hl d`ikl k‗ghg-afs - kldlurl kl
h`iifgssfihls s‗`uvrgr`it í t`g lt tu kçh`uvrgrfs bf h`d b‗lxtgihtg`i,
b‗lxtgi htg`i, kl b ‗fs
‗fstrlgitl
trlgitl lt kls plgils
plgils - dfgs qul t`i ls
prçolis
prç olisg`i
g`i kls ho`sls fastrusls,
fastrusls , bls rçfbgtçs
rçfbg tçs kl bf sfelssl p`gr rçsg
rçsgkfg
kfgtt kfis (bf h`itldpbf
h`itl dpbftg`i
tg`i kl) bf jfhl kl Hlbug
lt bls rfgs`is hfhoçls kl tls kçpbfhldlits k‗uil pr`dlssl qug hrçl lt j`rdl, rljusl lt `htr`gl, fpbfigt bf tlrrl lt çbïvl
í b‗futrl. [u h`istftlrfs ui p`uv`gr fhhru p`ur bf efrkl kl bl hglb 3 sg tlb çtfgt t`i aut, tf kldfikl lt t`i lspçrfihl, gb
b‗çtft (spgrgtulb), pugs p`ur hlbbl kl bf stftg`i. Gb li slrf kl lut çtç p`ssgabl qul tu s`gs erftgjgç, li h`dplisftg`i, pfr

dîdl p`ur bf prçslrvftg`i ku kçpût kls slhrlts h`ijgçs, qulbquldîdl,

d`ikl ho`sl fprïs
k‗gijçrglur `u sldabfabl
fv`gr suag í hlbf,
bf « argsurl ³ ku kfis
hŘur hl
lt
« b ‗`uvlrturl
‗`uvlr turl kl bf
b f p`gtrgi
p` gtrgill ³6
³6111, b‗gbbudg
b ‗gbbudgiftg`
iftg`ii ku hŘur,
hŘ ur, `atliu bf vgsg`i. Dfgs fb`rs tu lut çtç kçt`uriç kl tf kl
b‗çb`qulihl kl bf bfieul, bf sfelssl çab`ugssfitl 3 rçsubtfts dfikl lt kl t`i aut pfr hlttl rçh`dplisl. Bf rçfbgsftg`i
kl bf pr`nlhtg`i sur t`g kl b‗Fd`ur (kgvgi) (Dfo faa f). kl bf h`dplisftg`i il sl jfgt vçrgtfabldlit qul kfis
[u slrfs çtfabg h`ddl bl agli-fgdç kl t`utls bls hrçf b‗futrl d`ikl, h`ddl i`us b‗fv`is dlitg`iiç lt lxpbg
turls, fussg agli kls
kl s « klux p`gks ³61
³618 qul kls futrls,
fu trls, kfis quç. Lt Fbbfo, eb`grl í Bug, lst pbus Xfvfit.
hl d`ikl lt kfis b‗futrl. Hfr tu ls klvliu b‗fdg ku Zrfg
@r bls hrçfturls (ofbq) sl h`ij`rdlit fu Zrfg (ofqq).
Blur fd`ur sugt X`i Fd`ur, t`ut h`ddl blur fvlrsg`i bf
Xgliil.
Xg tu fttlgis hlttl stftg`i `÷ il tl rlstl pbus bf d`gikrl
v`b`itç, tu tl tr`uvlrfs erftgjgç k‗ui i`uvlfu v`ub`gr p`ur
uil ho`sl qulbh`iqul. ]ugs fprïs rfjjlrdgssldlit kl t`i
v`ub`gr, hlttl ho`sl kçsgrçl lst ljjfhçl lt tu li ls kçt`ur
iç. Fgisg tu il b‗`atglis pfs li hl d`ikl-hg. Dfgs lbbl sl
tr`uvl h`dplisçl kfis b‗futrl d`ikl pfr hl qug fuedlitl
tf pr`xgdgtç ku [rïs-Ofut (fb-'Fbà fb-Fbá) - Hlbf

611 @uvlrturl
@uvlrturl kl bf p`gtrgil > lxprlssg`i qur‗
qur‗áigqul
áigqul kl b ‗lxpfisg`i 61; Bl jgrk fw s lst bl pbus çblvç kls ]frfkgs. Bl ]frfkgs ku rljuel f
kl b ‗çtft ggitçrglur
itçrglur lt kl b‗fgsfihl qug li rçsubt
rçsubtl.
l. kçní çtç dlitg`iiç.
618 Bls klux p`gks > lxprlssg`i kçsgeifit bls kngiis lt bls o`ddls,
gk lst bls klux hftçe`rgls k‗îtrls s`udgs í b‗fstrlgitl bçefbl ku jfgt
qu‗gbs s`it k`uçs kl rfgs`i. Litlikrl bl d`t « p`gks ³ h`ddl li jrfi
åfgs b`rsqu‗gb sgeigjgl « fv`gr kl bf vfblur ³.

Zgietgïdl kgsh`urs >

F pr`p`s k` ofkàt > « Fafik`iil hl

q`g tl hf`sl `i k``tl p``r hl qug il
J `hhfsg`i
`hhfsg`iil
il pp`git
`git ³

Fafik`iil hl qug tl hrçl ui k`utl, b`rsqul pfr fgbblurs

lxgstl hl qug il b‗`hhfsg`iil pfs. [glis-t`g í bf rçs`butg`i
jlrdl ( rfz
fzàd f ) i`i fjjlhtçl kl k`utls lt bfgssl kl hûtç hl
àdf
qug lst gihlrtfgi. Xg uil ho`sl k`utlusl lt fdageuã
çhofppl fu h`itrûbl ku hŘur lt bl tr`uabl, dfrqul uil
pfusl lt lxfd gil-éf
gil-é f fttlitgvldlit
fttlitg vldlit.. Xg tu rlå`gs b ‗`rkrl kl
t‗y liefelr, fb`rs hlbf lst í tf p`rtçl. Dfgs sg h‗lst uil gi
tlrkghtg`i qug t‗lst fkrlssçl, fastglis-t`g 3 lt qul hlttl
 ho`sl s`gt p`ur t`g h`ddl i fyfit nfdfgs lxgstç. Qlvglis
vlrs bf p`rtl (k‗Fbbáo lt rlholrhol bf rgholssl (rgzq)
fuprïs kl t`i Xlgeilur.
X‗gb t‗frrgvl kl jfgabgr jfhl í bf pftglihl, bf h`ih`rkfihl
(,dwwájfqf) lt bf sftgsjfhtg`i `u b‗lxtgihtg`i (rlqugsls),
(s`uvglis-t`g) qul Bug Çgb³ i‗f iub als`gi k‗îtrl rfpplbç,
hfr GG i‗lst gifttlitgj ig í t`g, ig fux futrls. Gb i`urrgt fussg
agli bls dçhrç
dçhrçfits
fits (cujjár) qul bls oyp`hrgtls (duiájgqài)
`u lih`rl hlux qug sl kçt`urilit kl Bug. H`ddlit p`ur-
rfgt-àb (kfis hl hfs) t‗`uabglr, û hr`yfit uigtgj (duwfogk),
qug plrsçvïrl kfis s`i fk`rftg`i, qug prlik li hofrel s`i
@rkrl (fdr ) kl n`ur h`ddl kl iugt 0
\i futrl fsplht > fafik`iil hl qug lst fux dfgis kls
hrçfturls, il bls kldfikl pfs lt i‗y fttfhol p`git t`i
hŘur. I‗lspïrl rgli kls hrçfturls lt il bls hrfgis pfs i`i
pbus. L t pugsls
p ugsls kl bf
b f jjfvl
fvlur
ur k ‗Fbbáo hl qug il
i l tl hfusl

7: B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

fuhui k`utl. Vul i‗lxgstl p`ur t`g qu‗ui Xlub fuqulb tu

fkrlssls tls kldfikls, ui Xlub qug tl k`iil, \i Xlub li Zgiet lt uigïdl kgsh`urs >
blqulb tu lspïrls,
lspïrls, ui Xlub qul tu
tu hrfgeils ! qu‗uil slubl
v`b`itç (ogddf ) s`gt tgliil > í sfv`gr t`i Xlgeilur gUp.
Bls t`uplts kls r`gs t`ut h`ddl bls hŘurs kls hrçfturls
s`it kfis Xf Dfgi. @r bls hŘurs s`it bls rçelits ( udfrá—)
K‗uil h`ivlrsftg`i fvlh Gabgs,
kls h`rps. Bls aglis kls hrçfturls Bug fppfrtgliilit. Hls bf dfbç
df bçkgh
kghtg
tg`i
`i6617s`gt sur bug
klrigïrls il s`it qul Xls kçbçeuçls lt dfikftfgrls. Bl
d`uvldlit kl blurs dfgis qug tl k`iilit qulbqul ho`sl
sl jfgt
li fvlh
lst kl sf ]lrdgssg`i
dîdl s`i @rkrl
p`ur bl rljus. Gb «jg# kgt > « lt
L t sf d`tg`i.
kld fik lz Gb
í N‗fg vu kfis bl rîvl Gabgs, bl dfukgt. Nl dl tr`uvfgs fu
Fb bfo ;;D
Dpkl sf Jfvlur ³61
³ 61<6
1:65?. dgbglu k‗uil erfikl j`ubl lt lus b‗gitlitg`i kl bl tulr.
H ‗lst fb`rs
fb`rs qu‗gb dl kgt (qu‗Fbbáo ; j # bl dfukgssl) >
Lt GG kgt > « Hlux qul v`us giv`qulz li klo`rs k‗Fbbfo « ]`urqu`g vlux-tu dl tulr 0 Vulb lst k`ih d`i pçhoç 0
;
;D
D]il p`ssïklit p`git kl rgholssl p`ur v`us 3 rlholr- SIl sfgs-tu
sfgs-tu pfs qulT sg bl klstgi
klstgi sl kçr`ubl li fpp`rtfit
fpp` rtfit ku
holz-bf k`ih fuprïs k ‗Fbbfo ;D], lt fk`rlz-Bl lt s`ylz dfb, gb i‗lst pfs li d`i p`uv`gr kl bl hofielr li agli.
rlh`iifgssfits livlrs Bug, h‗lst í Bug qul v`us rlvgli [`ut h`ddl s‗gb sushgtl ku agli, gb d‗lst gdp`ssgabl kl bl
krlz
krlz ³d - trfisj`rdlr li dfb !Kl qu`g sugs-nl k`ih rlsp`isfabl 0 ³
Lt GG kgt ;ÎO
;ÎO] > « Kl dfi klz
klz-D
-D `g lt n l v`us lxf uhl rfg ³ X`i fppfrlihl çtfgt hlbbl k‗ui îtrl olrdfpor`kgtl, í bf
(;=/:=). L t l ih`rl > « Hlrtls,
(;=/:=). Hlrtls, Fb bfo ;D] lst bl ] `ur pfr`bl k`uhlrlusl,
k`uh lrlusl, fu vgsfel gierft 3 fvlh kls trujjls
trujj ls kl
v`ylur (rfzzáq), bl ]ugssfit, bl Jlrdl ³℡. Lt çefbldlit > p`gbs çpfrsls sur bl dlit`i
d lit`i 3 í b ‗fsplht dçprgsfabl.
dçprgsf abl. ]ugs gb
« Hlr
Hlrtls
tls Fbbfo p`urv`gl qug GG vlut sfis h`dptlr ³d . d‗fkrlssf ui s`urgrl, trfogssfit ui çtft kl o`itl lt kl
hrfgitl dîbçls.
Hlbf lut bglu kfis bf iugt ku kgdfihol, bl `izgïdl n`ur
ku d`gs kl kò fb-ognnf6
fb- ognnf688= kl b‗fiiçl hgiq hhlit
lit slgzl (kl
61< Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i ½;, v lrslt 8 1. b‗Oçegrl).
b‗Oç egrl). - Lt Fbbfo «j$# eugkl vlrs t`ut agli.
61: Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i ½17, v lrslt 65.
615 Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i½ <6, v lrslt <?.
61? Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i ½1, v lrslt 1 61.

617 Hj. bf i`t l i½:<.

68= H‗lst-í-kgrl bf iugt ku sfdlkg s`gr, pugsqul bl n`ur h`dd lihl

fu h`uholr ku s`blgb p`ur bls trfkgtg`is sçdgtgquls.
Kò fb-ogn nf > 61g;
61g;dl lt klriglr d`gs kl b‗fiiçl buifgrl dusubd fil
(bl 6b gïdln`u r kl hl d`gs lst bl k luxgïd l n`ur kl bf jîtl ku sfhrgjghl,
bfqulbbl kurl 8 n`urs).

Zgiet-kluxgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl bf dgsl í b‗çprluvl ku hr`yfit,

í bf dlsurl kl sf j`g

Fbbfo «jg# il hlssl k‗çpr`uvlr bl hr`yfit slb`i bf j`rhl

kl sf j`g.
Fgisg sg bf j`g erfikgt, b‗çprluvl fuedlitl. B‗liv`yç
suagt kls trgaubftg`is pbus gdp`rtfitls qul hlbbls ku pr`
poïtl , b f j`g ku prl dgl r kçp fssfi t hlbb l ku slh` ik<
ik<8
86. F s`i
t`ur, bls trgaubftg`is ku pr`poïtl s`it pbus erfikls qul
 hlbbls ku « suastgtut ³ gafkfà), lt hls klrigïrls kçpfsslit
hlbbls ku « sfgit ³ ( wfbb). Hofhui sl v`gt fjjbgeç li j`ih

tg`i
hlttl kl sf j`gkfis
rçfbgtç lt klbfsfpfr`bl
hlrtgtukl. @i tr`uvl
sugvfitl bl prgihgpl
ku ]r`poïtl 2(=)kl>
« I`us, fsslda bçl kls ]r`poïtls,
]r`poï tls, s`ddl
s`ddlss bls pbu s çpr`u
vçs k ‗litrl bls o`ddls 3 lt lisugtl, gb li vf slb`i uil ogç
rfrhogqul kl d`gikrls trgaubftg`is p`ur hofqul klerç `÷
sl sgtulit bls oudfgis ³.
Fbbfo «jg# pr`b`iel bls çprluvls kl hls I`abls Xlg
eilurs fjgi qu‗gbs kldlurlit h`istfddlit kfis bf ]rç
slihl (ofkrf), sfis hlsslr k‗îtrl fttlitgj í b‗Lvlgb (yf -
qfzf)d. Hfr GG bls fgdl. Lt lux s`it bls jfdgbglrs kl
b‗fd`ur 3 gbs fgdlit bl Zrfg. @r (bl vçrgtfabl) fd`urlux il

686 Xlubldlit hlrtfgis pr`poïtls `it bf dgs sg`i « k‗Liv`yçs ³ `u

« Dlssfelrs ³. \s s`it hofreçs k‗çi`ihlr bls B`gs sfhrçls qug rçegs
slit bls j`rdls trfkgtg`iilbbls kl i`trl hyhbl oudfgi.681
681Í i`tlr hlttl j`rdubftg`i qug gikgqul qul b ‗Lvlgb lst kçní bí.

6== B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL ' f a k f b -q á k g r f b -né b á i é 6=

6=66

prçj ïrl nfd fgs rgli í s`i

prçjïrl s` i aagli-fgdç.
gli-fgdç. B‗çprluvl
B‗çprlu vl j`ihtg`ii
j`ih tg`iill Dfgitlifit sg bf ifjs ss‗feg
‗fegtl
tl p`ur `atligr ku hŘur
hŘ ur bf sf
h`ddl ui ofrp`i p`ur blurs hŘurs lt uil hoféil p`ur tgsjfhtg`i k‗ui kçsgr lt qul hl klriglr bl bug fhh`rkl li
blurs ádls. Lbbl ldpîhol qu‗gbs gihbgilit vlrs futrl ho`sl b‗faslihl k‗ui `rkrl vlifit k‗Fbbfo ÇòC h‗lst-í-kgrl sfis
qul bl aut, `u lih`rl (qu‗gbs s‗frrîtlit) li tr`uvfit rlp`s X`i fut`rgsftg`i 3 gb li rçsubtl uil gifttlitg`i livlrs bl
lt fppug fgbblurs qu‗li blur Hrçftlur. Hlt çtft kl ho`sl Zrfg, uil « fss`hgftg`i
fss`hgft g`i ³ (sgrc) lt uil kçs`açgssfihl68<.
plrsgstfit,
plrsgs tfit, blurs kçsgrs j`iklit
j`ik lit lt
l t blurs ádls sl argslit.
argsl it. Bl Kfis hl hfs, Fbbfo kçbfgssl hl hŘur lt hlttl ifjs, bls
vrfg sl sçpfrl ku jfux, lt blurs kçsgrs lt v`b`itçs pr`prls fafik`iifit (í lux-dîdls), gb bls pb`iel kfis bls kgjjg
s`it trfishlikçs, t`ut h`ddl b‗fttrfgt kls n`ugssfihls lt hubtç, bf s`udgssg`i fu p`uv`gr kls hrçfturls, bf k`ublur,
kls b`gsgrs,çblvç
sl tr`uvl kfis íhlui
d`ikl-hg
igvlfu lt kfis b‗futrl.
supçrglur [`ut
í hlbug kl li lux
b‗ádl bls dfbfkgls,
å`gvlit bls plrtls
fgisg t`us klux bllturb‗fixgçtç 3 bf ifjs lt bl hŘur rl
hoátgdlit.
(ifjs). Bl rlp`s rçsgkl fb`rs kfis bf ]r`dlssl ku Zrfg
Dfgs sg bl hŘur i‗fhhïkl pfs í bf kldfikl kl bf ifjs
bf sftgsjfhtg`i kfis X`i Kçhrlt, bf pbçigtukl kfis
X`i K`i, bf pftglihl jfhl í X`i Lprluvl. Bf sçhurgtç í fvfit k‗fv`gr rlåu b‗fut`rgsftg`i ku Zrfg pfr v`gl
b‗çefrk ku dfb gioçrlit í Xls hrçfturls i‗lst fttlgitl qu‗fu k‗gispgrftg`i p`ur bls « Xfgits ³ ( fwbgyáj `u pfr v`gl kl
rçvçbftg`i lxpbghgtl p`ur bls liv`yçs lt bls ]r`poïtl (qul
igv
igvlfu
lfu su
supçr
pçrglur
glur fu hŘ ur
ur6688. bl eráhl lt bf pfgx s`glit sur lux) 3 fb`rs, fussg agli kfis bl
Bf j`rhl ku hŘur s‗fhhr`ét 3 gb li vglit í fhquçrgr bl hfs kl s`i fhh`rk qul kfis hlbug kl s`i rljus, Fbbfo
h`itrûbl (rçlb) kls dldarls. Hfr b‗çprluvl rlij`rhl bl gi`ikl bl hŘur lt bf ifjs kl dgsçrgh`rkl pr`kgeufit açiç
hŘur, lt bf hlrtgtukl rçfbgsl bf j`g lt bf pftglihl. Lbbl fjjfg kghtg`i (afrfcf), gitçergtç, sftgsjfhtg`i (rgkf), budgïrl,
abgt bf ifjs lt bf pfssg`i. Hofqul j`gs qul bf s`ujjrfihl sl h`iifgssfihl, pr`xgdgtç, gikçplikfihl, prçslrvftg`i pfr
dfigjlstl, dfgs qul bl Xlgeilur tr`uvl (holz s`i slrvg rfpp`rt fux çprluvls, lt vght`grl sur bls liildgs. Xfhols
tlur) bf pftglihl, b‗fhhlptftg`i lt b‗fafik`i h`dpblt li (hlbf) lt rltglis-gl agli. Hrfgis erfikldlit b‗çprluvl
vlrs X`i Fhtl, Gb lst sftgsjfgt ku hr`yfit. Gb liv`gl fb`rs h`isçhutgvl í tf prçhgpgtftg`i p`ur sftgsjfgrl bf ifjs lt bf
b‗fssgstfihl (dfkfk), b‗fhhr`gssldlit (kl bf j`rhl) lt bf pfssg`i. Dfrqul
Dfrq ul pbutût
pbut ût ui frrît lt fttliks k ‗fa`rk
eráhl pr`pghl (tfwjgq). b‗fut`rgsftg`i ku Xlgeilur (dfwbá) Fgisg, tu slrfs
sfuj kfis hl d`ikl
d`ik l lt kfis b‗futrl, sg Fbbfo bl vlut.
Fbbfo kgt > « Xg v`us v`us d`itrlz rlh`iifgssfits,
n l v`u s k `i il rfg k fvf itf el ³
nl ³68
68;.

68< Bf « kçs`açgssfih
kçs`açgssfihll ³ `u bf « rçalbbg
rçalbbg`i
`i ³ lst bl « pçhoç ³ `u pb
pbus
us
prçhgsçdlit bf ‟jfutl‗ li Gsbfd. Li ljjlt, « Gsbfd ³ sgeigjgl « fhhlptf
tg`i ³ lt i`i « s`udgssg`i ³ h`ddl `i bl trfkugt tr`p s`uvlit..
688 Bf ifjs lt bl HŘur (qfba) kçsgeilit kls « igvlfux ³ kgjjçrlits
kl b‗îtrl.
Hlttl vgsg`i trfkgtg`iilbbl k‗uil ogçrfrhogl kl igvlfux f çtç plrkul
pfr bls d`klrils.
68; Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½ 6;, v lrslt 5.

Zgiet-tr`gsgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl bf sftgsjfhtg`i (rgkf)
kl bf pfrt qu‗Fbbfo gd
gd¥¥ `htr`gl
 X`gs sftgsjfgt ku plu qul tu p`ssïkls lt tglis-y jlrdl
dlit nusqu ‗í hl qul bl kçr`ubldlit kl bf klstgiçl fttlgeil
bl tlrdl prçvu p`ur hlttl ho`sl pfrtghubgïrl, lt qul tu s`gs
pr`d u í (ui çtf t) pbu s ç blvç lt pbus prçhgl ux. [u l i n`ugr fs
trfiqugbbldlit lt kldlurlrfs pr`tçeç, sfis çpr`uvlr kl
trfhfs, ig kfis hl d`ikl ig kfis b‗futrl. ]ugs tu slrfs fp
plbç í fttlgi krl kls ho`sl s lih`r l pbus rçh`i
rçh`ij`rtfi
j`rtfi tls lt
pbus sftgsjf gsfit ls.
Lt sfhol agli qul bf pfrt prçvul ( qgsd ) il tl jlrf pfs
kçjfut pfrhl qul tu furfgs hlssç kl bf kldfiklr. (Kl
dîdl) hl qug i‗lst pfs prçvu h`ddl çtfit tf pfrt, tu il
b‗`atglikrfs pfs, ig pfr bf kldfikl gisgstfitl, ig pfr fuhui
futrl ljj`rt.
]ftglitl k`ih, tglis-t`g í tf h`ikgtg`i fhtulbbl lt s`gs-li
sftgsjfgt.
Il prliks
prli ks r gli, il k`ii
k`iill rgl i p fr t` g-dîd
g-dîdl,
l, fvfit k ‗li
fv`gr rlåu b‗`rkrl. Il tl dlts ig li fhtg`i, ig il hlssl
k‗fegr pfr t`g-dîdl 3 sgi`i tu slrfs çpr`uvç fussg agli pfr
« t`g-dîdl ³ qul pfr k‗futrls hrçfturls lih`rl pbus dfu
vfgsls qul t`g. Li fegssfit pfr t`g-dîdl, tu h`ddlts
b‗ginustghl lt b‗ginustghl il pfssl pfs gifplråul k‗Fbbfo

6=; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL 'f ak FB-VÁKGQ FB-NÉBÍIÀ 6=<

;gtC GG kgt > « H‗lst fgisg qul i`us h`ijg`is hlrtfgis gi k‗çhofpplr (í Fbbfo g § = ) , Gb tl rfttrfplrfgt. Il h`itlstl
nu st ls í k ‗fut rls ³
futrls ³68
68:6
856?. pfs X`i Kçhrlt, Gb tl argslrfgt. Il b ‗fhhusl pfs kl X`i Fr
rît, Gb hlsslrfgt kl t‗fssgstlr. Il s`gs pfs gifttlitgj livlrs
(Qçfbgsl agli qul) tu tl tr`uvls kfis bf kldlurl k‗ui Bug, gb tl bgvrlrfgt fux hfbfdgtçs. I‗gii`vl li rgli kfis Xf
erfik r`g, k`it b‗@rkrl lst rlk`utfabl, bl p`uv`gr grrçsgstg Kldlurl, Gb t‗fiçfitgrfgt. I‗gii`vl pfs kfis Xf Qlbgeg`i
abl, bls frdçls i`darlusls,
i`da rlusls, bf v`b`i
v` b`itç
tç gijfgbbga
gij fgbbgabld
bldlit
lit (kài) s`us b‗gijbulihl kl bf pfssg`i, Gb tl jlrfgt pçrgr, fs
lxçhutçl, bl nueldlit trg`dpofit, bl r`yfudl çtlrilb, bf s`dargrfgt t`i hŘur, ûtlrfgt tf j`g lt tf h`iifgssfihl. Gb
s`uvlrfgiltç plrpçtulbbl, bf shglihl prçhgsl, bf sfelssl
çt`iifitl, bf slitlihl fas`budlit nustl. « I l bu g çhofp pl k`iilrfgt
tls kçsgrs, p`uv`gr surtls
tf jfdgbbl, t`g v`gsgis,
í t`i kgfabl, tf ifjs,
tls fdgs, tf pfssg`i,
tls gitgdls lt í
pf s dî dl bl p `gk s k ‗ui ft` dl su r tlr rl h ` d d l kfis bl
b‗lisldabl kls hrçfturls nusqu‗fux sh`rpg`is, slrplits,
hglb ³ig.
ng i i -s lt futrls figdfux rfdpfits kl tf dfgs`i. Gb rlikrfgt
ngi
B‗ginustghl h`ddgsl il plut rlstlr gei`rçl pfr Bug. @r tf vgl fdïrl kfis hl d`ikl lt pr`b`ielrfgt tf s`ujjrfihl
gb sl tr`uvl qul t`g-dîdl lst bl pbus ginustl lt bl pbus hrg kfis b ‗futrl.
‗futrl.
dgilb kl t`us, hfr tu « fss`hgls ³6
³ 68Xli tf p lr
lrs`
s` ii l lt li bls
futrls hrçfturls, pfr t`i fegr j`ikç sur bf pfssg`i !
Fbbfo kgt > « I ‗fss` hgl rgl i í F bb f o hfr
« fss`hglr ³ h`istgt ul uil erfikl ginustghl ³ 687 lt lih`rl
h`istgtul li h`rl >
« Fb bf o il pf rk` ii l pf s qu ‗`i bu g fs s` hg l qul
qulbqul
bqul
66pfrk` iil o`rdgs hlbf í qu g GG v lu t ³6;
ho`sl, lt 66 ³ 6;=.
Hrfgis k`ih lt çvgtl sçrglusld lit « b ‗fss`hgftg`i
‗fss`hgftg` i ³
(sgrc). Il t‗li fppr`hol pfs. Lvgtl-bf kfis tls d`uvl
dlits, tls rlp`s, tls iugts, tls n`urs, tls rltrfgtls (ofbwf) lt
tls s`rtgls (nfwbf). ]rlik efrkl í il pfs kçs`açgr, ig pfr
bls dldarls, ig pfr bl hŘur lt fafik`iil bl pçhoç, hl qug
li lst fppfrlit h`ddl
h`ddl hl qug li lst hfhoç. I ‗lssfyl pfs

Vur‗ái, s`u rftl rg½:, vlrslt 68=. Gk lst Sh‗lst-í-k grlT p`ur qul bls
68: Vur‗ái,
uis s`glit hoátgçs pfr bls futrls.
685 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½ 6=, v lrsït : 6.

68? Gk lst
lst tu prçtliks bug fttrgaulr ui pfrtlifgrl, tu p`sls uil futrl
rçfbgtç h`ddl lxgstfitl fuprïs kl Bug.
687 Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i½ 86, v lrslt 68.
6;= Vur‗á
Vur‗ái,
i, s`urftl i½ ;, vlrs lt 66:.

Zgiet-quftrgïdll kgsh`urs >

Zgiet-quftrgïd

Kl [lxo`r
lxo`rtftg`i
tftg`i í sl tli
tligr
gr fssgkó
fssgkó
dlit í bf p`rtl k ‗Fbb
Fbbfo
fo
 ]rliks sçrglusldlit efrkl í il pfs kçs`açgr í Fbbfo
«jb#. [glis-t`g h`istfddlit í sf ]`rtl li t`utl vçrgtç.
H`isfhrl t`utl t`i çilregl lt t`us tls ljj`rts í Bug `açgr,
kfis uil fttgtukl oudabl, kl pfuvrltç spgrgtulbbl, h`is
hglit kl tls gdplrjlhtg`is, bf tîtl h`uraçl, sfis rlefrklr
sls hrçfturls, sfis `açgr í tf pfssg`i 3 sfis holrholr kl rç
trgautg`i, ig kfis hl d`ikl ig kfis b‗futrl 3 sfis kçsgrlr
k‗fshlisg`i fux kldlurls çblvçls lt fux stftg`is o`i`rg
jgquls.
X`gs fssurç kl tf h`ikgtg`i kl slrvgtukl ! (X`uvglis-t`g)
qul bl slrvgtlur lt t`ut hl qu‗gb p`ssïkl fppfrtglit í s`i
Xlgeilur lt Dfétrl. Gb il plut rgli rçhbfdlr h`ddl bug
çtfit kó. @aslrvl lxhlbblddlit bls h`ivlifihls spgrgtulb
bls (ákfa) lt il dçnuel p`git t`i Xlgeilur. [`utl ho`sl
lst fuprïs kl Bug slb`i uil dlsurl fppr`prgçl. Iub il
plut fvfi hlr hl q u‗gb f rltf
rltfrkç,
rkç, ig rl
rltfrk
tfrklr
lr hhll q u‗gb f fvfi
f vfi
hç. Hl qug t‗lst rçslrvç tl pfrvglikrf li s`i olurl, qul tu
bl vlugbbls `u i`i. Il bl abádl pfs p`ur hl qug t‗frrgvlrf
lt il holrhol pfs fvgkldlit hl qug lst prçvu p`ur ui futrl
qul t`g.
(H`isgkïrl agli qul) hl qug i‗lst pfs li tf p`sslssg`i
lst içhlssfgrldlit rçslrvç s`gt p`ur t`g-dîdl, s`gt p`ur
ui futrl. Kfis bl prldglr hfs, bf ho`sl tl pfrvglikrf, tu bug
ls klstgiç lt h`ikugt > Bf rlih`itrl furf bglu. Kfis bl sl
h`ik hfs, tu ls kçt`uriç kl hlttl ho`sl, t`ut h`ddl lbbl

6=? b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l 'FAK FB-VÁKGQ FB-NÀBÁIÉ 6=7

b‗lst kl t`g 3 h`ddlit p`urrglz-v`us v`us rlih`itrlr kfis Vu‗Fbbfo «jb# i`us fssgstl, t`g lt d`g, p`ur (fhh`dpbgr)
hls h`ikgtg`is 0 hl qu‗gb fgdl lt ferçl !
@hhupl-t`g pbutût kl rlsplhtlr bls h`ivlifihls spgrg
tulbbls kfis bls fhtls k‗`açgssfihl í t`i Xlgeilur qug
s‗gdp`slit í t`g kfis bl d`dlit prçslit. « I‗çtgrl pfs t`i

h`u,
kgt > «ilIlbïvl
jf gspfs
p fsbffttl
tîtl ³ vlrs
fttlitg`i
itg`i fux futrug
pr `jg tsqul
`jgts qu lBug.
i`usFbbfo
bfgss `is
í hlrtf gis, h ‗lst bbll hbgi qufi t k
kll hlttl vg l p `u r bls tlitlr,
dfgs bls k`is kl t`i Xlgeil Xlg eil ur s` it dlgbbl
dl gbbl urs lt pb us ku
rfabls
rfab ls ³6;6.

Fbbfo ; = $ t‗gitlrkgt kl t‗fttfrklr í qulbqul ho`sl kfis

bfqulbbl GG il t‗f pfs pbfhç, qu‗gb il t‗f pfs pr`kgeuç í pfr
tgr kl sf Jfvlur. Gb t‗gij`rdl qul t`utls hls ho`sls h`istg
tulit kls çprluvls klstgiçls í hlux qug li n`ugsslit. [f
sftgsjfhtg`i livlrs tf pfrt fbb`uçl lst b‗fttgtukl bf dlgb
blurl, (fux h`isçqulihls) kurfabls, bf pbus açigl, bf pbus
kgeil lt prçjçrfabl. Vul tlb s`gt t`i holdgildlit, t`i
ho`gx, tf kldlurl, tf klvgsl, t`i aut lt t`i kçsgr. Fgisg tu
fttlgikrfs t`ut hl qug k`gt îtrl `atliu, pfrvglikrfs í t`utl
stftg`i, t‗çbïvlrfs nusqu‗í t`ut agli lt aglijfgt, n`gl lt
ho`sl prçhglusl.
Fbbfo kgt > « B ‗ádl il h`i ifét p fs hl qu g bug lst
rçsl rvç
rvçll kl n` gl (gi`uàl
(gi`uàl)) li r çh`d plis l kl hl q u ‗lbbl jf g
sf gt ³ 6;1. Lt gb i ‗y f k‗Řuvrl
sfgt k ‗Řuvrl qqulul bls hgi q fk`rftg
fk` rftg`is
`is66;8 lt
b‗fafik`i kls pçhoçs. Qgli i‗lst pbus h`dprçolisgj li
eb`afit, gddlisl, i`abl. Qgli i‗lst pbus fgdç k‗Fbbfo
«jb#. Qgli i‗`atglit pbus s`i Ferçdlit qul hl qul i`us
vli`is k‗gikgqulr.

6;6 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1 =, vlr slt 86.
6;1 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½8 1, vlr slt 65.

6;8 Bl s < fk`rftg`is ( Oaáká

Oaákátt) > hl s`it bls < rgtls `u pgbglrs kl b'Gsbfd.

Zgiet-hgiqugïdl kgsh`urs >

 Kl b‗frarl
b‗fra rl kl bf J`
J`gg

Û o`ddl pfuvrl, t`g k`it hl afs d`ikl lt sls aglijfgts

sl kçt`urilit. [`g qug pfssl gifplråu pfrdg sls elis, tl
ifgbbç pfr bf jfgd, sl bfdlitfit, bl h`rps í d`gtgç iu, sl
kgsplrsfit vlrs t`utls bls kgrlhtg`is, vlrs bls d`squçls `u
agl
aglii vlrs bls bglu
bgluxx s`bgtfgrls
s`bgtf grls lt li rugils. [`g, qug sl v`gs
rlnltç klvfit t`utls bls p`rtls, prgvç kl t`ut `anlt kçsgrf
abl 3 (t`g) k`it bl
b l hhŘu
Řurr lst argsç
a rgsç lt kçslih
k çslihofitç.
ofitç.
Û pfuvrl o`ddl
o`dd l il kgs pfs > « Fbbfo d ‗f fppfu
fppfu 
vrg, f jfgt s‗çhofpplr bl d`ikl klvfit d`g, d‗f tr`dpç lt
fafik`iiç, d ‗f « kgsplrsç ³ sfis dl « rçuigr ³, d ‗f
fafgssç sfis dl k`iilr dîdl bf pfrt strghtldlit sujjg
sfitl kl hl d`ikl. Il kgs pfs GG d‗f rliku `ashur lt i‗f
pfs çblvç
çblv ç df rli`dd
rli` ddçlçl pfr
pfrdg
dg bls hrçfturls,
hrçft urls, pfr
pfrdg
dg dls
jrïrls. Il kgs pfs > Gb f `htr`yç í futrug ui aglijfgt surf
a`ikfi
a`i kfitt kfis
kf is blqulb
blqul b hlbug-hg
hlbug -hg lst pb`ieç
pb`i eç kl n` ur lt kl iug
iugtt 3
Gb b‗f prçjçrç í d`g lt fux dldarls kl df jfdgbbl 3 lt
p`urtfi
p`u rtfitt i`us s`ddls,
s`ddl s, hlt futrl lt d`g, t`us klux, du du 
subdfis, hr`yfits, lt jgbs kls dîdls pfrlits (Fkfd lt
Ïvl) (qul bf pfgx s`glit sur lux) ³.
Fbbfo f feg fgisg fvlh t`g hfr t`i « fregbl ³ lst i`
abl lt purl ! Bf r`sçl
r`sç l (igká)bu kl Xf Dgsçrgh`rkl vf kls
hlikrl sur t`g, t‗fpp`rtfit pftglihl, sftgsjfhtg`i, hlrtgtukl,
eráhl pr`pghl, shglihl, budgïrls kl bf j`g lt ku tfwogk.
B‗frarl kl tf j`g, fvlh sf rfhgil lt sf sldlihl, lst agli6agli 6;

6;; Í i`tlr bl syda`b gsdl f bhogdgqul kl bf « r`sçl ³.

661 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL ‗f a k f b - q á k n r f b - n à b á i à 668

çtfabg. Jlrdl, gb prçslitl kls jlugbbls fa`ikfitls lt kls bls jrugts kgspfrfétrfglit, bls kldlurls t`dalrfglit li
jrugts. Xls arfihols s`it dubtgpbls, b‗`darl qu‗gb pr`nlttl rfgil, `r
` r GG ;D] vlut qu‗lbbls
;D] q u‗lbbls s`glit
s`gl it pr`sp
pr` spïrl
ïrls6
s6;;5.
lst gdp`rtfitl. Hofqul n`ur gb p`ussl lt erfikgt lt i‗f iub
als`gi
als` gi k ‗lierfgs slisgabls p`u r hl jfgrl. Li rçfbgtç b‗frarl kl bf j`g kl b‗o`ddl rghol lst jfgabl
kfis sls rfhgils lt sf hr`gssfihl, gb lst kçp`urvu kl bf vgtf
Fbbfo, kl hl jfgt, s ‗lst fhqugttç
fhqugttç kl t`i fjjfgrl. Gb t ‗f k`i bgtç pr`prl í b‗frarl kl tf j`g,
j`g, û o`ddl pfuvrl ! B‗frarl kl
iç bf³ kldlurl kl bf plrdfilihl ³ (kár f b-af qá*) qá*) kfis sf j`g sl i`urrgt lt sl dfgitglit pfr hl qul tu v`gs îtrl li
b‗futrl d`ikl, lt t‗y f fhh`rkç uil j`ihtg`i k‗fkdgigs sf p`sslssg`i k ‗litrl bls
bls aglijfgts kl hl d`ikl. Xg hlbf bug
trftg`i (kl Xls fjjfgrls). Gb t‗y f k`iiç hl qu‗fuhui Řgb i‗f çtfgt rltgrç, s`i frarl sl klssçholrfgt. Hl qug bl dïilrfgt í
vu, ig fuhuil `rlgbbl i‗f litliku, hl qug i‗f nfdfgs çtç
b‗gihr`yfihl,
b‗gihr`y fihl, í bf içeftg`i, í bb‗oyp`hrgsgl,
‗oyp`hrgsgl, í b‗fp`stfs
b‗fp` stfsgl6
gl6;;?.
plisç
pli sç pf r bl hŘur
hŘ ur k ‗ui oudfgi.
Û Fbbfo ! í d`gis qu‗Fbbfo
qu‗Fbbfo ;§î$ i‗liv`gl í hl rghol
Fbbfo ;D] kgt > « B ‗ádl il h`i ifét p fs hl qug bug lst bls frdçls kl bf pftglihl, kl bf sftgsjfhtg`i, kl bf hlrtgtukl,
rçsl rvç kl n` gl (gi`uàl ) li rçh`
rçh`dpli
dpli sl kl hl qu ‗lbbl jf
jfg kl bf eráhl, kl bf shglihl, kls h`iifgssfihls kgvlrsls, qug
sfg t ³';<. H‗lst-í-kgrl kl hl qu‗lbbl jfgsfgt kfis hl afs j`rtgjglrfglit sf j`g fu p`git qu‗gb bug klvglikrfgt çefb kl
d`ikl li jfgt k‗fhh`dpbgssldlit kls h`ddfikldlits 3 plrkrll rgholssl
plrkr rgho lssl lt aglijfgts !
k‗lxlrhghl kl pftglihl kfis b‗fastlitg`i kls ho`sls gitlr
H‗lst Fbbfo qug lst bl eugkl lt bl kgsplisftlur kl bf
kgtls, fgisg qul k‗fafik`i t`tfb lt kl rldgsl h`ijgfitl kls
eráhl pr`pghl.
fjjfgrls í Fbbfo kfis bls vghgssgtukls kl bf klstgiçl 3
k‗fhh`rk h`dpblt
h`d pblt fvlh Bug li t`utls ho`sls.
Vufit í futrug fuqulb
fuqulb Fbbfo Çb#
Ç b# f k`iiç hl afs d`ikl
lt sf eçrfihl, bug jfgsfit e`ótlr bls kçbghls lt rçpfikfit sur
bug Xls jfvlurs
jfvlu rs > Fbbfo f feg kl bf s`rtl fvlh bug 6;: hfr
bl bglu kl sf j`g lst sldabfabl í uil tlrrl sfbgil `u r`hfgb
blusl, gdpr`prl í rltligr b‗lfu, í plrdlttrl í ui frarl kl
p`usslr.
p`uss lr. Gb y kçvlrsl
kçvlr sl kls lierfgs qug slrvlit
slrvli t í i`urrgr
i`u rrgr bls 6;5 @i v`gt qul bl dfgitgli kl b‗lx`tçrgsdl rlbgeglu x, p`ur bls lj
pbfitls lt bls frarls. Ghg, bls lierfgs s`it hl afs d`ikl
d`ik l lt
jlts qu‗gb pr`kugt, lst içhlssfgrl í hl afs d`ikl lt sls ofagtfits.
kl sls vfigtçs, pfr blsqulbs lst prçslrvç b‗frarl kl bf j`g
Gb y furfgt agli kls ho`sls í prçhgslr sur bls futrls j`ihtg`is kl
pbfitç li bug lt bls erfgils kls fhtls. X ‗gb hlssfgt kl bls « b‗lx`tçrgsdl ³, sur s`i bgli gikgss`hgfabl fvlh b‗çs`tçrgsdl, sur sf
p`urv`
p`u rv`gr
gr li lierfgs, bls pbfitls lt bls frarls sçholrfglit
sçhol rfglit lt rçj`rdl gkç`b`egqul qug `uvrl bls p`rtls fux kçrgvls - li d`kls
« hrgspçs ³ `u « plrdgssgjs ³ - lxpb`gtçls pfr bls j`rhls fitg
trfkgtg`iilbbls.

6;< Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½81, vlrslt 65. 6;? @i v`gt qul bls ho`sls `it agli hofieç lt qul s`us b ‗gijbulihl
kl hlrtfgils
hlrtfgils gkçls pr`pghls í b'gikgvgkufbgsdl ljjrçiç - blqulb h`ikugt
6;: GG s‗fegt agli sór kl hlt « futrug
futrug ³ k`it gb f çtç qulstg`i p bus gddfiqufabldlit
gddfiqu fabldlit í ui s`ddlgb spgrgtulb
spgrgtulb pr`j
pr`j`ik
`ik - « b‗gikgjjçrlihl
b‗gikgjjçrlihl
ofut. Gddçkgftldlit fprïs, gb y f pfssfel ku tlxtl fu pburglb, p`ur kç pfr rfpp`rt í bf rlbgeg`i (kfis bl vçhu qu`tgkgli) ³ s‗lst eçiçrfbgsçl
sgeilr b‗lisldabl kls « futrls ³ qug n`ugsslit kls aglis d`ikfgis. holz bls rghols h`ddl holz bls pfuvrls.
 Zgiet-sgxgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl b‗gitlrkghtg`i k‗ûtlr bl v`gbl

h`uvrfit Xf Jfhl

I ‗ûtl pfs bl v`gbl h`uvrfit tf jfhl fvfit kl s`rtgr ku

i`darl kls hrçfturls (ofbq)d lt kl blur t`urilr bl k`s kl
t`i hŘur kfis t`us bls çtfts. Gb jfut (çefbldlit) qul tf pfs
sg`i kgspfrf gssl 3 pugs tf v`b`itç gi kgvgku lbbl fvl h t`i
« lsp`gr ³6
6<=. [u t‗çtlgis
7
; t‗çt lgis p fr rfpp `rt fux d
d`ik
`ikls
ls hr
hrççs,
ççs, hl
hl
bug-hg h`ddl b‗futrl. Xldabfabl í ui rçhgpglit jîbç, il
h`itlifit pbus rgli sgi`i bf v`b`itç kl t`i Xlgeilur
tu tl rldpbgs kl Bug lt kl Xf Kçhgsg`i ( oucd ). B`rsqul bf
dfbghl (zòr) s`rt, bf budgïrl (iòr) litrl.
Vul kfis t`i hŘur gb i‗y fgt fuhuil litrçl `u pbfhl
p`ur futrl qul t`i Xlgeilur. [u ls fjjlhtç h`ddl efrkgli
kl bf p`rtl kl t`i hŘur. [u rlå`gs b‗çpçl ku tfwogk, kl
b‗gddlisgtç (fzfdf ) lt kl bf [`utl-]ugssfihl (nfafròt).
[`ut hl qul tu fplrå`gs s‗fppr`hofit klpugs b‗lspfhl kl tf
p`gtrgil vlrs bbff p` rtl kl t`i hŘur, tu bug sçpfrls bf ttîtl
îtl kls
çpfubls k‗ui arlj h`up kl tf bfdl fhçrçl
fhçrçl..
Fgisg tu il vlrrfs fuhuil tîtl rlblvçl ig i‗litlikrfs
fuhuil pfr`bl vlifit kl tf ifjs, kl tf pfssg`i, kl tf v`b`i
tç pr`prl `u kl t`i kçsgr kl hl d`ikl `u kl b‗futrl. ]`git
k‗`pgig`i qul tu sugvls, dfgs slubldlit b‗@rkrl ku Xlg-

6;7 fb-Of bq 4 Bf hrçftg`i, bl hrçç, bls hrçfturls, bf dfigjlstftg`i

pfr `pp`sgtg`i í fb-Ofqq , bl ]rgihgpl...

6<= Gk l st tf kgsp`sgtg`i í « lspçrlr, kçsgrlr, `atligr, lth. ³.

66: B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

' f a k f b -q á k g r f b -n Gb á i à 665

eilur ;òC Kldlurl fvlh Bug, s`gs sftgsjfgt kl X`i Kçhrlt
lt kl X`i Frrît. @u dglux kgt, çtlgis-t`g kfis X`i Kçhrlt
lt X`i Frrît. [u slrfs fb`rs bl slrvgtlur ku Xlgeilur lt kl
X`i `rkrl, i`i bl slrvgtlur kls hrçfturls lt kl blurs `pg
ig`is.
Xg hlt çtft kl ho`sls (fb-fdr ) plrsgstl li t`g, bls pfvgb
b`is kl bf nfb`usgl (kgvgil) s`it krlssçs fut`ur kl t`i
hŘur, bls trfihoçls kl bf suabgdgtç s`it hrlusçls (p`ur
b‗gs`blr) > kl b‗lisldabl rfy`iilrf bl p`uv`gr kl bf ]ugs
sfihl (subtfi fb-nfafròt ). Bls frdçls kl bf Qçfbgtç
(Ngfqàqf) lt ku tfwog k bl pr`tçelr`it. Fu-klbí lih`rl sl
r`it p`stçs kls efrkglis vlifit ku Zrfg lt prçvlifit
bls hrçfturls k‗fppr`holr bl hŘur pfr bl truholdlit ku
kgfabl, kl b‗ádl, kl bf pfssg`i, kl bf v`b`itç gikgvgkulbbl,
kls vfgis lsp`grs, kls prçtlitg`is dlis`ieïrls gssuls ku
tldpçrfdlit lt kl Z « ádl (ifjs) gihb gif it fu df b ³ 6<
6,
kls çefrldlits pr`v`quçs pfr bf pfssg`i.
Dfgitlifit, s‗gb lst çhrgt qul bls hrçfturls k`gvlit vligr
í t`g, sl suhhçkfit sfis gitlrruptg`i, li pfrjfgt fhh`rk lt
rlh`iifgssfihl (kl tf vfblur) fjgi kl rlhlv`gr bls budgïrls
çhbftfitls, bls gikghftg`is çhbfgrfitls, bls sfelssls kçhgsg
vls 3 qu‗gbs v`glit bls dgrfhbls dfigjlstls lt bls h`istfitls
« rupturls k‗ofagtukls ³ 3 qul t`ut hlbf bls fgkl í sl rfp
pr`holr
pr`h olr kfvfi
kfvfitfel
tfel (k‗Fbbf
(k‗Fbbfoo 2j
2jt®
t®$) lt í fh
fhh`d
h`dpbgr
pbgr bls fk`r
fk`rf
f
tg`is, bls h`dafts spgrgtulbs, bls ljj`rts gitlisls kfis
b‗fk`rftg`i kl blur
blu r Xlgeilur «jòb³
jòb³ - t`g, tu slrfs pr`tçeç
k‗lux t`us fgisg qul kl b‗gihbgiftg`i kl tf ifjs vlrs sf pfs
sg`i, s`i lstgdl vfigtlusl kl s`g, s`i fut`-fkdgrftg`i, s`i
6<6 Bl Vur‗ái dlitg`iil lxpbghgtldli t tr`gs stfkls kl bf ifjs >
Vur‗ái
- bf ifjs gihbgifit fu dfb (s`urftl i½61, vlrslt <8),
- bf ifjs qug abádl (gk lst qug s‗`aslrvl lt sl jfgt kls rlpr`hols
(s`urftl i½5<, vlrslt 1),
(s`urftl
bf ifjs fpfgsçl (s`urftl i½?7, vlrslt 15).
- lt bf
slitgdlit k‗gdp`rtfihl klvfit bl i`darl kls hrçfturls tl
tçd`geifit blur rlh`iifgssfihl.
Kl dîdl, s‗gb lst çhrgt qul vgliil í t`g uil çp`usl vlr
tulusl lt albbl, fdlifit fvlh lbbl t`ut hl qug lst içhlssfgrl
í sf vgl dftçrglbbl, tu tl tr`uvls pr`tçeç ku dfb rçsgkfit li
lbbl lt kl bf hofrel qu‗lbbl p`urrfgt h`istgtulr fvlh sls jf
dgbglrs lt sls pfrlits. Lbbl slrf fuprïs kl t`g ui k`i pur, sl
sujjgsfit lbbl-dîdl, k‗uil oudlur jfhgbl, ferçfabl, purg
jgçl kl t`utl dfbghl, j`uralrgl, ofgil, rfihuil, h`bïrl `u
tr`dplrgl hfhoçl. Lbbl tl slrf s`udgsl, bçeïrl í fssudlr,
il t‗`hhfsg`iifit fuhui prçnukghl. X‗gb lst çhrgt qu‗lbbl
k`iil ifgssfihl í ui lijfit, gb slrf pglux, kl a`iil s`u
hol, ui a`iolur
a`iol ur (p`ur t`i hŘur). Fbbfo kgt > « I`us
rlikéd ls s`i çp`us l h`ivl ifabl p` ur bug ³6<1, lt GG kgt >
« Xlgeilur, jfgs qul bf vul kl i`s çp`usls lt kl i`s li
jf it s i`us rldpbgss
rld pbgss lit kl n`gl . Jfgs qul i`us klvli g`is
kls gdád- s p` ur bls trïs p glu x ³6<8, Gb kgt fussg > « L t jf gs
Xlgeilur quOb (Zlijfit)
(Zlijfit) s` gt í t`i erç ³ 6<;.
Bls kldfikls lxprgdçls kfis hls vlrslts s‗fhh`d
pbgr`it, slr`it lxfuh
lxfuhçls
çls kfis t`i hfs, qul tu bls j`rd
j`rdubls
ubls
`u pfs. Hfr lbbls rlvgliilit fux dçrgtfits, h‗lst bí blur
nustl pbfhl. Lbbls h`ihlrilit,
h`ihlril it, fvfit t`ut, hlux qug açiçjg
açiç jg
hglit k‗ui tlb aglijfgt lt lbbls rçtrgaulit bls çbus kl hlttl
kldlurl, qug `it çtç pbfhçs kfis hlttl stftg`i lt klstgiçs í
hlttl dlsurl kl jfvlur
jfvlu r lt kl pr`xgdgtç.
Kl dîdl s‗gb lst çhrgt qu‗uil pfrt kl hl d`ikl k`gt vl
igr í t`g, lbbl il tl slrf pfs k`ddfelfabl kfis hls h`ikg-
tg`is. Hl qug h`istgtul tf pfrt (kl hl d`ikl) tu k`gs içhls
sfgrldlit b‗`atligr. Lbbl slrf purgjgçl pfr b‗Fhtl k‗Fbbfo
|yé Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½16, vlrslt 7=.
6,8Vur
,8 Vur‗ái,
‗ái, s`urftl i½1<, vlrslt 5;.
GX;Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½67, vlrslt :.
 'fak fb-qákgr fb-nébáié 667
66? b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l

lt pfr b‗@rkrl (kgvgi) kl bf sfgsgr. Li bf prlifit, tu « kl holz I`us

I` us ³6<
³6<:. ]ugs tu slrfs lih`rl
li h`rl rf ppr`hoç
ppr `hoç lt `i tl
`açgs í b‗@rkrl lt rlå`gs fgisg bf rçh`dplisl kl pfrbl rf, t ‗gij`rdlrf,
‗gij`rdlr f, t ‗gispgrlrf. [u rl hlvrfs,
hlvrfs , slrfs h `dabç,
b‗`açgssfihl pfr surhr`ét, t`ut h`ddl tu ls rçh`dplisç j`rtgjgç, çblvç lt lijgi gb tl slrf kgt > « FFun
un `u rk ‗oug, tu ls í
p`u r bls prgïrls hfi`igqul
hfi` igqul s lt bl nló il `abge ft`grl s. Vuf it kldlurl fuprïs kl d `g lt nl t‗givl t‗givlstgs
stgs kl df h`i
jgf ih l ³³6<
6<5.
í hl qug kfis
k fis hl ttl pf rt (kl aglis) il t ‗lst pfs k lstg iç6
iç6<
<<, tu
rlå`gs b‗`rkrl kl bf kgstrgaulr fux klstgiftfgrls k‗litrl kls Dçkgtl
Dçk gtl b‗çtf t kl Wòsuj
Wòsuj,, bl vçrgkgq
vçr gkgqul6
ul6<
<?, b`rsqu‗gb
b`rsq u‗gb litli 
h`dpfei`is, v`gsgis lt jrïrls kfis bl als`gi, fgisg qu‗fux kgt hlttl pfr`bl kl bf a`uhol ku r`g, ku holj lt pofrf`i
pfuv rls h`ihlriçs
h`ihlr içs pf r b‗b‗fudûil
fudûil rgtu lbbl, slb`i bls hgrh` is k‗Leyptl. Li jfgt bf bfieul ku r`g lxprgdfgt hl kgsh`urs,
tfihls. Bls çtfts lt hgrh`istfihls (kls elis), tu k`gs bls dfgs bl vçrgtfabl pr`jçr fit çtfgt Fbbfo pfr bf bfieul kl
kçh`uvrgr lt bls kgstgieulr. Lt bí fussg b‗`uà-kgrl il rld bf h`iifgssfihl. Bl pr`prgçtfgrl fppfrlit, r`g k‗Leyptl,
pbfhl p`g it bf vgsg`i kgrlhtl. b‗givlstgt. Dfgs bl r`yfudl kl b‗ádl, kl bf h`iifgssfihl,
[u slrfs fb`rs hbfgr kfis t`i fjjfgrl 3 lbbl il h`dp`rtlrf kl bf shglihl, kl bf pr`xgdgtç, kl b‗çblhtg`i lt kl bf kl
fuhuil `ashurgtç, h`ijusg`i, fdageuàtç, ig fuhui k`utl. dlurl suabgdl fppfrtglit í Fbbfo
]ftglitls, pftglitls ! X`gs sftgs
sftgsjfgt
jfgt,, s`gs s ftgsjfgt ! Efrkls Fbbfo ;D] kgt h`ihlrifit bf p`sslssg`i ku r`yfudl >
b‗çtft prçslit (oòé), efrkls b ‗çtf çtftt prçslit ! B‗fi`iydft, « H‗lst fgisg qul i`us fjjlrdédls bf sgtuftg`i kl Wòsuj
b‗fi`iy dft ! Bl sgblihl,
sgblihl, bl sgbl
sgblihl
ihl ! Qlstls sur tls tls efrkls, kfis bl pfys ³. H‗lst-í-kgrl kfis bf tlrrl k‗Leyptl. « Gb Gb
rlstls sur tls efrkls ! Kldlurls
Kldlurls kfis bf sfuvlefrkl, bf p` uv fgt hgrh ubl r l i dfé trl kfi s t`utl s bls rçeg`is
rçeg`is.. I` us
sfuvlefrkl ! Oátls-t`g,
Oátls-t`g, oátls-t`g
oátls-t`g ! Fbbfo Fbbfo t`uho`is kl i`trl eráhl qug i`us v`ub`is. [`utlj`gs
lt lih`rl Fbbfo Xl tfgrl
tfgrl lt afgsslr bls ylux (fb- i`us il bfgss`i
bfgss`iss nfd fgs bls ag
aglijfgsfits
lijfgsfits (duosgiéi) sfis
gtráq), sl tfgrl lt
lt afgsslr bls
bls ylux ! Bf d`klstgl, bf d`kls rçh`dplisl ³ 6<7. Fu sun lt ku r`yf r `yf ud
udll kl b ‗ádl (,ifjs) Gb
tgl ! Lt fgisg nusqu ‗í hl qul bl tldps
tldps prlshrgt frrgvl
frrgvl í s`i kgt > « H‗lst fgisg qul i`us çhfrtádls kl bug bl dfb
tlrdl. Fb`rs tu slrfs prgs pfr bf dfgi lt p`rtç fu klvfit. lt b‗gikçhlih l 3 hlrtls gb ç tfgt kl i`s slrvgtlurs s gihï
[u slrfs kçblstç kl t`ut hl qug plsfgt lt pb`ieç kfis bls
rls ³d. Lt bl [rïs- Ofut kg t6:6, í pr`p`s ku r` yfud l kl bf
`hçfis kls jfvlurs, kls k`is eçiçrlux lt kl bf Dgsçrg
h`rkl. ]ugs tu li s`rtgrfs p`ur rlvîtgr bls r`als kl budgï
rls, kl slhrlts, kl shglihls, lt kls dlrvlgbbls kl bf shglihl
6<: Xhgli hl gii çl lt i`i fhqugsl 3 lxprlssg`i rlprgsl ku Vur‗
Vur‗ái
ái
(s`urftl i½6?, vlrslt 5=) `u lbbl qufbgjgl bf shglihl kl Xfyygkuiá fb-
Ogkr.
6<5 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½ 61, v lrslt <; .

6<? GG s‗fegt ku pr`poïtl Wòsu j (N`slpo), fuqulb bf s`urftl i½61 lst

6<< Bl h`itlx tl gikgqul qu‗gb s ‗fegt
‗fegt ghg kl aglis qug pfrvgliilit í litgïrldlit h`isfhrçl.
b‗gikgvgku, dfgs qu‗gb k`gt i`rdfbldlit rlkgstrgaulr í k‗futrls, slb`i 6<7 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½6 1, vl rslt <:.
bls hfs prçvus pfr bf B`g Xfhrçl, h`ddl bf sugtl kl i`trl tlxtl 6:=Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½61, vlrslt 1;.
b‗lxp`sl hbfg
hbfgrldli
rldlit.
t.

61 = B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

h`iifgssfihl lt kl bf shglihl > « D`i Xlgeilur

Xlge ilur dl Zf li
Zgiet-slptgïdl kgsh`urs >
slgeiç. @ug, n ‗fg bfgssç
bfgss ç bf rlbgeg`i
rlbgeg` i kl hlux qug il hr`glhr`glit
it
pfs
pf s li Fbbf
Fbbfoo tjtÎplt il hr`glit
hr` glit pfs í b ‗futrl
futr l vg
vgll ³6:
³6:6.
Xg tu rlå`gs hl kgsh`urs, û vçrgkgqul pfrjfgt, tu fs `atl
iu bf pbus bfrel pfrt kl bf shglihl suprîdl. [u rlhulgbbls Kl hl qul bl agli lt bl dfb
p`urr li n` ugr
p`u ug r slrlgild
slrl gildlit
lit bf eráhl, bls k`is, bf pugssfihl,
bf sfgitltç uigvlrslbbl fgisg qul bl p`uv`gr kl h`ddfiklr
pugssf ihl, s`it klux jrugts
í b‗ádl (ifjs ) lt í t`utls ho`sls 3 kfis hl d`ikl dîdl,
fvfit b‗futrl. (Hl qug t‗lst rçslrvç) kfis b‗futrl d`ikl,
kfis bf « kldlurl kl bf pfgx ³ lt bl ]frfkgs trïs çblvç, H`isgkïrl bl agli lt bl dfb h`ddl çtfit klux jrugts
h‗lst bf vgsg`i kl bf Jfhl ku Eçiçrlux Xlgeilur (fb-dfwbá fttfhoçs í klux arfihols kgjjçrlitls k‗ui slub lt dîdl
fb-cfràd), kl surhr`ét lt h`ddl purl eráhl. H‗lst bl aut frarl. B‗uil kls arfihols k`iil ui jrugt k`ux, b‗futrl ui
kçsgrç qug il h`dp`rtl fuhuil bgdgtl ig jgi. Lt h‗lst Fbbfo jrugt fdlr.
qug fssgstl (p`ur pfrvligr) fux rçfbgtçs kl hlttl ho`sl.
Hfr GG lst [`ut H`dpftgssfit lt [rïs Dgsçrgh`rkglux ( Q f ‗ò j Fafik`iil bls vgbbls, bls h`itrçls lt bls kgrlhtg`is vlrs
Qfo àd ).
blsqulbbls s`it fholdgiçs bls jrugts hulgbbgs sur hlt Frarl.
Lb`geil-t`g kl blurs ofagtfits. Qfppr`hol-t`g pbutût kl
b‗Frarl, s`gs s`i efrkgli, í s`i slrvghl, prçslit fuprïs kl
bug6:8. Lt h`iifgs bls klux arfihols blurs jrugts lt bls klux
fsp
fsplht
lhts6
s6::;. [glis-t`g ku hûtç kl bf arfihol
arfiho l pr`kuhtr
pr` kuhtrghl
ghl kl
jrugts suhhublits p`ur qu‗gbs h`istgtulit tf i`urrgturl. Lt
çvgtl s`geilusldlit k‗fppr`holr ku hûtç kl b‗futrl
arfihol, lt k‗li frrgvlr
frrgv lr í dfielr
dfie lr kl sls jrugts k`it
b‗fdlrtudl hfuslrfgt tf plrtl. Xg tu plrsgstls kfis hlttl
6:6 H‗lst W ósu j qug bl kgt
kgt,, dfgs h`dd l bl Vur‗
Vur‗ái
ái lst bf pfr`bl
fttgtukl tu tr`uvlrfs hfbdl, sçhurgtç, rlp`s lt farg h`itrl
k‗Fbbfo li rçfbgtç h‗lst Fbbfo qug pr`i`ihl t`utls bls pfr`bls qug y
t`ut tr`uabl. Li ljjlt, bls plrturaftg`is lt t`utls s`rtls kl
s`it çi`ihçls h`ddl vlifit kls kgjjçrlits plrs`iifels, qulbs q u‗gbu‗gbss hfbfdgtçs s`it eçiçrçls pfr hls jrugts fdlrs.
s`glit, hfr li rçfbgtç Bug slub lst...
Dfgitlifit sg tu t‗çb`geifgs kl hlt Frarl lt lrrfgs vlrs
6:1 Vur‗ái, s`urft l i½61, vlr slt 85.
bls o`rgz`is, hls klux s`rtls kl jrugts p`urrfglit t‗îtrl
 6:8 V á‗gdfi hgikf-of
hgikf-of > bl vlral qfdf h`ii`tl b‗gkçl k‗îtrl kla`ut,
fblrtl, kl prlikrl li hofrel lth. H‗lst bf dîdl rfhgil qug j`rdl bl
d`t kl qgyádf (rçsurrlhtg`i).
(rçsurrlhtg`i).
6:;
Nfiàafi > Bgttçrfbldlit bls klux hûtçs.

' f a k f b - q á k à r f b - n àb á i à 618
61 1 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

s`it qul pfr Xf Eráhl (tfwjgq) lt Xf Dgsçrgh`rkl kfis hl

pr`p` sçls. Dfgs gbs slrfglit
pr`p`sçls. slrfg lit fb`rs dîbçs,
dîbç s, sfis kgstgihtg
kgstg ihtg`i
`i d`ikl lt kfis b‗futrl.
kls suhrçs lt kls fdlrs. [f dfgi p`urrfgt sfgsgr ui kls
jrugts fdlrs lt bl p`rtlr í tf a`uhol. Bl slub jfgt k‗li dá Bl ]r`poïtl
]r`p oïtl 2($b ) f kgt > « Iub i ‗litrl fu ]frf kgs pf r
holr uil p`rtg`i li jlrfgt pfrvligr J fdlrtu dl í tf bulttl, sls fhtls ³³6:
6:?6
:.7 @i bug kldfikf > « ]fs dîdl t`g, û liv`yç
í tf e`rel, í t`i hlrvlfu, í tls ifrgils. Lbbl sl pr`pfelrfgt k‗Fbbfo
k‗Fb bfo 0 ³ Gb rçp`ikgt
rçp` ikgt > « Ig d `g sf uj s g Fbb
Fbbfo
fo ;D]
kfis tls vlgils lt (pfr-bí) nusqu‗fux kgvlrs `refils, hfu dl rlh`uvrl kl Xf Dgsçrgh`rkl ³, lt gb jgt bl elstl kl pbf
sfit tf plrtl. Qlnltlr bf p`rtg`i rlstfitl kl bf a`uhol, li hlr sf dfgi sur sf tîtl. Hl ofkàt i`us lst rfpp`rtç vlifit
bfvlr bf trfhl, il plrdlttrfgt p`git kl rldçkglr í b‗ljjlt kç kl 'Í‗gs
'Í‗gsf.
f. Xg tutu ls `a
`açgs
çgssfit
sfit livlrs
livlrs Fbbfo
Fbbfo ³ , fegssfit
fegssfit sl
ní pr`kugt. b`i X`i @rkrl, t‗fastlifit kl hl qu‗gb gitlrkgt, s`udgs í
[`utlj`gs sg tu h`ddliåfgs pfr ui jrugt sfv`urlux lt Bug kfis hl qu‗gb kçhrïtl p`ur tf klstgiçl (jg qfkfrgcf) > Gb
qul sf k`uhlur s‗çtlikfgt í tls `refils, t‗fpp`rtfit pr`jgt tl pr`tïel kl X`i dfb, t‗o`i`rl kl X`i agli, lt tl pr`tïel

lt n`gl, hlbf
sfgrldlit ui il p`urrfgt
slh`ik tl Dfgs
jrugt. sujjgrl.
tu [u
il dfielrfgs içhls
p`urrfgs fv`gr bf kl t`us bls dfux kfis tf rlbgeg`i (kéi)d lt kfis J ghg-afs
(kuiyf).
hlrtgtukl kl il pfs ho`gsgr ui jrugt fdlr. Fgisg fuhui agli Vufit í b‗ghg-afs, h‗lst Xf ;D 9 ]fr`bl > « F Fgi
gi sg i`u s
il rçsgkl kfis b‗çb`geildlit kl hlt Frarl, ig kfis kçt`uri `is kl bu g bl df b lt bf turpgtukl,
turpgtukl, hf r gb lst k ‗litrl
b‗gei`rfihl kl bf ifturl kl sls jrugts. Bf sfuvlefrkl sl i`s slrvgtlurs sgihïrls ³ 65=. Vufit
Vuf it í bf rlbg
r lbgeg`
eg`i,
i, h ‗lst Xf
tr`uvl kfis bf pr`xgdgtç lt bl dfgitgli fuprïs kl b‗Frarl. ]fr`bl > « ]`urqu`g Fbbfo v`us jlrfgt-gb s`ujjrgr sg
Bl agli lt bl dfb i ‗fkvgliilit qul pfr b‗Fhtl k ‗Fbbfo v`us rldlrhglz lt îtls hr`yfits, Fbbfo lst rlh`iifgssfit
Fbbfo gD] li lst b‗Felit lt bl Kgsplisftlur. Gb gijgigdlit, sfvfit 0 ³
lt gijgigdlit, ³65
656.
kgt > « Fb bf o gw jr v`us f hrçç ³':<. Lt
h rçç fgi sg qul v`s f htg` is ³':< Kfis bl hfs k‗ui hr`yfit rlh`iifgssfit qulbbl pbfhl bl
bl ]r`poïtl f kgt > « Fbb
Fbbfo
fo tjDjghrçf
tjDjghrç f bl sfh rgjgh ftlu r lt dfbolur tglikrfgt-gb prïs kl bug 0 Gb sl tr`uvl pbus prïs kl
b ‗figdfb sfhrgjgç ³. Bls fhtls kls slrvgtlurs s`it bf hrçf
tg`i k‗Fbbfo lt « b‗fhqugsgtg`i ³ (cfsa) li rlvglit fux
slrvgtlurs6::. Fbbfo ÇOb<kgt > « Li trl z fu ]frf kgs li rfg 6:? Hl qug sld abl h`itrlkgrl bl vlrslt hgtç prçhçklddlit. Giutgbl
s`i kl hl qul jfgsglz ³6:5. Eb`grl í Bug, h`ddl GG lst Eç kl prçhgslr qul bf trfkgtg`i lst t`un`urs trïs h`oçrlitl, dîdl sg hlbf
içrlux lt Dgsçrgh`rkglux
Dgsçrgh`rkglux ! Gb blur fttrgaul
fttrgaul ]fhtl lt fjjgrdl i‗fppfrfétt pfs t`un`urs fgisg í bf « b`egqul ³ suplrjghglb bl, h ‗lst f kgrl
i‗fppfrfé
qul pfr blurs Řuvrls gbs `it dçrgtç bl ]frfkgs - @r lbbls il fu « dlitfb rçjblxl ³ sl bfgssfit h`istfddlit pgçelr pfr bls d`ts.

6:7 Kbi qul b‗`i trfkugt pfr « rlbgeg`i ³ p`ssïkl ui slis pbus çtli
ku lt kçsgeil pbutût bf « vgl trfkgtg`iilbbl ³ kfis sf t`tfbgtç.
@i bug `pp`sl « ktdyá ³ (ghg-afs, k‗uil rfhgil qug sgeigjgl bl afs,
6:< Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i½ 85, vl rslt 7:. b‗gijçrglur, bl pbus prïs) qug kçsgeil fb`rs bls h`itgielihls kl bf vgl
Uf df jfdfbui > « fgisg qul v`s fhtg`is ³, plut sl bgrl çefbldlit
dftçrglbbl lt s`hgfbl.
« lt v`us il jfgtls rgli ³.
65= Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1;, vlrslt 61.
6:: K`ht rgil ku cfsa `u gctgsáa, hj. bf i`tl i½:1.
656 Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i ½;, vlrslt 6;5.
6:5 Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i½ 6:, vlr slt 81.

61;
61; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL 'FAK f b - q í k g r FB-NbBÍIÉ 61<

b‗gitçergtç ( 'ájgyf) qul ku dfbolur (afbá) ! Hf Hfr,

r, çtfit
çtfit rl
h`iifgssfit, gb lst kfis ui çtft k‗fhhr`gssldlit (ku agli).
Fbbfo il kgt-gb
kgt-g b pfs > « Xg v`us rldlrhglz, i`us v`us
k`ii`is kfvfitfel ³ 0065 6516
58. [f j`g (û hr`yfit) çtlgit bf
jbfddl kl b‗lijlr kfis b‗futrl d`ikl, jbfddl qug h`istg
tul bl hoátgdlit kl t`ut pçholur. H`ddlit (tf j`g)
i‗çtlgikrfgt-lbbl pfs bl jlu ku dfbolur kfis hl d`ikl, Û
Fbbfo ; ò c í d`gis
d`gis qul bl slrvgtlur il s`gt k‗litrl bls
« fttgrçs ³ (dfnkòaài), ho`gsgs p`ur bf « sfgitltç ³ (wgbáyf )
lt b‗çblhtg`i (gstgjá) !
Hlbug-bí h`iifétrf içhlssfgrldlit b‗çprluvl (a fb á 6) pu
rgjghftrghl kl bf pfssg`i, ku plihofit vlrs bf ifturl lt bls
kçsgrs kl b‗ádl (ifjs) 3 purgjghftrghl çefbldlit (kl
b‗gbbusg`i) k‗fpfgsldlit qul pr`hurlit bls hrçfturls lt ku
jfgt k ‗fgdlr blur h`dpfeigl.
h`dpfeigl.
B‗çprluvl sl p`ursugt nusqu‗í hl qul t`ut hlbf kgspf
rfgssl, s`gt kgss`us. Bl hŘur sl tr`uvl iltt`yç pfr sf s`rtgl
o`rs kl t`us hls fttfholdlits. Xlub kldlurl bl tfwobk ku
Xlgeilur Xf H`iifgssfihl,
H`iifgssfihl, lt bf survliul h`itgiulbbl
kl t`utls lspïhls kl slhrlts, shglihls, lt budgïrls kl bf
]r`xgdgtç - Hfr bl hŘur lst uil dfgs`i `÷ gb i‗y f p`git
kl pbfhl p`ur
p`u r klux. Fbbfo kgt > «Fbbfo i ‗f pfs
çtfabg klux hŘurs kfis b‗gitçrglur kl b‗o`ddl ³d.
Bl [rïs-Ofut kgt > « Hlrtls, b`rsqul bls r`gs litrlit
(trg`dpofbldlit) kfis uil vgbbl, gbs bf sfhhfelit lt li
fsslrvgsslit bls pugssfits ³65;. Gbs kçb`eli
kçb` elitt fgi
fgisg
sg bls p ugs
ugs 
hçl (kfis b ‗îtrl kl b‗o`ddl) pfr bl kgfabl, bf pfssg`i, lt bf
ifjs. Bls `refils lt bls j`ihtg`is çtfglit dus h`ij`rdç
dlit í blurs `rkrls, sl rfpp`rtfit fux i`darlusls vfrgçtçs
kl pçhoçs, kl vfigtçs lt kl jutgbgtçs. Hl p`uv`gr f (dfgitl
ifit) kgspfru. Bls `refils sl s`it fpfgsçs. Bf dfgs`i ku
Q`g, futrldlit kgt bl hŘur, s‗lst vgkçl. Bf h`ur kl bf p`g
trgil lst iltt`yçl. Bl hŘur lst klvliu bf rçsgklihl ku
bls tfwogk, kl bf h`iifgssfihl lt kl bf shglihl. Bl hŘur s‗lst
trfisj`rdç li bglu kl klshlitl kls dlrvlgbbls pr`vlifit
ku d`ikl ku Dystïrl. [`us hls açiçjghls rçsubtlit kl
b‗çprluvl (afbá), gbs li s`it bls jrugts.
Bl ]r`poï
]r`poïtltl f kgt > « I`us, fssld
fssldabçl
abçl kls
]r`po ïtls {$&
{$&),
), s`ddls bls pbus çpr`uvçs k ‗litrl bls
o`dd ls 3 lt lisugtl gb li vf slb`i uil ogçrfrhogl kl
d`gikrls trgaubftg`is
trgaubftg`is p`ur hofqul klerç `÷ sl sgtulit bls
oudfgis ³.
Gb f çefbldlit kgt > « Nl h`iif gs Fbb áo Yjjg* pbu s qul
qugh`iqul k ‗litrl v`us, lt nl bl hrfgis (fussg) pbus qul
qugh`iqul ³. Fgisg hlbug qug s‗fppr`hol ku Q`g v`gt hr`étrl
bl kfielr fuqulb gb s‗lxp`sl fgisg qul sf vgegbfihl 3 hfr gb
sfgt, li Xf ]rçslihl, qul rgli il Bug çhofppl kl sls jfgts lt
elstls.
Xg n ‗fjjgrdl > « bf hrçftg`i litgïrl lst p`
p`ur
ur Fbbáo
h`ddl uil slubl plrs`iil í bfqulbbl rgli il plut
çhofpplr ³, qulbbl utgbgtç k`gt-`i rltligr kl hl pr`p`s 0 Nl
rçp`iks bf ho`sl sugvfitl > « Xg bf p`sgtg`i k‗uil plrs`iil
s‗lii`abgt, s`i rgsqul s‗fhhr`ét çefbldlit. Hfr bf
sfits kl blurs kldlurls livgfabls lt kls n`gls kl rlh`iifgssfihl p`ur hl qu‗lbbl f rlåu kl jfvlurs bug
b‗lxgstlihl. @r bf eçrfihl (wgbáyf) sur bl hŘur çtfgt lxlr- klvglit ui klv`gr `abgeç. Bf d`gikrl
d `gikrl kçjfgbbfihl h`istgtul
ui dfiquldlit í bf erftgtukl, k`ih uil kgdgiutg`i kl
b‗`açgssfihl rlqugsl.
651 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s `urftl i½6 ;, vlrslt 5.
658 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`u rftl i½8 8, vlrsl t <.
6/; Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½15, vlrslt 8;.

61: b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l

Fbbfo «jÒ9 kgt > « Û jlddls ku ]r`poïtl {($9}, hlbbl Zgiet-ougtgïdl kgsh`urs >
k ‗litrl v`u
v`uss qug h`d
h`ddlttr
dlttrfgt
fgt ui fhtl `uv
`uvlrtld
lrtld lit gikç
hlit, vlrrf s`i hoátg
hoátgdli
dlitt îtrl rlk`u
rlk`uabç
abç ³65<. Gb blur fkrls
sf hlt fvlrtgssldlit í bf sugtl ku aglijfgt fholvç qug
h`isgstf í bls fv`gr dgsls li rlbftg`i gitgdl fvlh bl ]r` Kl b‗lxp`sç kls çtfts kl b‗fspgrfit
poït l ( X ) .
(duràk)
Vul kgrl fb`rs kl hlbug qug s‗fttfhol í Fbbfo kfis
Xf ]r`xgdgtç 0 Lt Fbbfo &D] lst lxfbtç agli fu-klssus kl
t`utl sgdgbgtukl fvlh sf hrçftg`i. « Qgli i ‗lst ssldabf
ldabfabl
abl í
Bug, lt GG llst
st (bl pfrj
pfrjfgtld
fgtld lit) Fukgli
Fu kgli t l t Z`yfit ³ 65:. L
Ltt Fgisg tu kçsgrls bl rlp`s, bf n`gl, bl b`gsgr, bf efgltç, bf
h‗lst Fbbfo qug lst bl Eugkl. sçhurgtç,
qul tu tl bf trfiqugbbgtç,
tr`uvls bls kçbghls
lih`rl kfis lt bls prgvgbïels,
bl hrluslt655‗ fb`rs
liefeç kfis bl
pr`hlssus
pr`hl ssus kl j`itl
j`it l lt d`rt
d`rtgjghftg
gjghftg `i kl bf
b f ifjs 3 `hhupç í bf
kgstfihgftg`i .k‗fvlh bf pfssg`i, í b‗çbgdgiftg`i kls kçsgrs
lt kl bf s`gj kl rçtrgautg`is kfis hl d`ikl lt kfis b‗futrl.
Gb rlstl trïs vgsgabldlit li t`g, lih`rl ui rlbgquft kl t`utls
hls ho`sls. Û t`g b‗gdpftglit, rfblitgs tls pfs. Bf p`rtl lst
lih`rl hb`sl, tfit qul plrsgstl ui gijgdl rlstl li t`g.
B‗çdfihgpftg`i k‗ui lshbfvl il plut sl jfgrl tfit qu‗ui
slub kgrofd dfiqul í bf s`ddl h`ivliul. [u kldlurls
litrfvç tfit qul, dîdl kl dfigïrl prlsqul gdplrhlptg
abl665?, hl afs d`ikl
abl d`ik l h`i stgtul
stgtu l tf pfssg`
p fssg`ii lt t`i aut.

[fit qul tu rldfrquls `u holrhols í `atligr uil ho`sl

qulbh`iqul, qul tu kçsgrls uil qulbh`iqul rçtrgautg`i `u
h`dplisftg`i kfis hl d`ikl `u kfis b‗futrl, tu tl tr`uvls
t`un`urs fu slugb kl b‗lxtgihtg`i (jfif‗). Fttliks 3 frrîtl-
t`g 3 nusqu‗í hl qu‗lbbl s`gt pfrjfgtldlit fhqugsl. [u s`rtg-

658 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urft l i½88, vl rslt 8=.
65: Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½; 1, vlrs lt 66. 655 Bl hrluslt lst bf pfrtgl gijçrglurl k‗ui ofut j`urilfu `÷ s l rfs
sldabl bl dçtfb j`iku. @i rldfrqul bl syda`bgsdl fbhogdgqul, blqulb
trfispfrfét åí lt bí kfis bls bgvrls lt bl v`hfaubfgrl ku tfsfwwuj.

65? Bl tlx tl lxprgdl hlt tl trfhl gijgdl pfr bf dçtfpo`rl kl « bl

e`ót qug rlstl fprïs fv`gr suhç uil kfttl ³.

61 ? B‗FHHÏX f u dystïrl 'f a k f b -q í k g r f b -né b á i é 617

rfs fb`rs ku hrluslt. [u slrfs rlvîtu kl alfux ofagts, tu pr`xgd gtç. ]ftgli
]ftglitl
tl k`ih ! lt il tl oátl p`git. Fhhl ptl bl
kgsp`slrfs kl pfrjuds lt k‗lihlis, pugs `i t‗çbïvlrf nus kçhrlt sfis fhhusftg`i, sfis rçhrgdgiftg`i. Gb tl jlrf fgisg
qu‗fu Q`g suprîdl lt tu litlikrfs bf ]fr`bl > «Kïs fu `atligr, kl pfr Xf Eráhl, bf jrféholur kl X`i ]frk`i, kl Xf
n` u r k ‗ou g tu rlstl rfs fup rïs kl d`g, tu fur fs df Eçiçr`sgtç lt kl Xf A`itç. Lxfbtç s`gt-Gb !
h`ijgfihl lt d`i fut`rgtç ³657. [u rlss
rlsslit
litgrf
grfss bl r çh` ij`
ij`rt
rt
kl bf H`dpfeigl, kl bf Aglivlgbbfihl. Kl bf Eráhl, tu sl
rfs i`urrg lt farluvç lt pfr lbbl rfppr`hoç. [u h`iifétrfs
bls slhrlts. Gbs il p`urr`it pbus sl kçr`alr í t`g. ]fr bls
k`is qul tu rlhlvrfs kl bf s`rtl, tu il kçplikrfs pbus, kl
qu`g qul hl s`gt.
Il v`gs-tu pfs h`dd
h`ddlit
lit bl
blss pgï
pgïhls
hls k ‗`r s`i
s`itt kgs
kgsplrsçls
plrsçls,,
hgrhublit, v`it lt vgliilit litrl bls dfgis kls kr`eugstls,
kls dfrhofiks kl bçeudls, kls a`uholrs, kls tfiilurs,
kls afbfylurs, kls tfgbblurs, li ui d`t kls frtgsfis kl t`u
tls s`rtls kl dçtglrs i`abls `u rçpueifits 0 ]ugs hls pgï
hls s`it rfssldabçls lt pbfhçls kfis ui hrluslt `÷ bl jlu
bls jfgt j`ikrl. Lbbls s`it pfr bf sugtl jrfppçls lt fdgihgls,
trfvfgbbçls kl jfå`i í k`iilr kls agn`ux. Lbbls s`it jgifbl
dlit p`bgls lt pbfhçls kfis bls dlgbblurs likr`gts, pr`tç
eçls pfr kls slrrurls, kfis kls h`jjrls. Bls nluils dfrgçls
s‗li pfrlit p`ur s‗ldalbbgr. ]frj`gs bf dfrgçl lst b‗çp`usl
k‗ui erfik r`g. Lt b‗`i h`istftl fb`rs qul bls pgïhls k‗`r
s`it pfssçls kl hls ho`sls vfrgçls lt pfrj`gs fanlhtls í bf
pr`x gdg
gdgtç
tç ku r`g lt kl sf hh`ur
`ur 3 fprïs fv`gr suag bf j`itl,
j`i tl, bl
pgbf el lt bl d `ubfel . Gb li vf kl dîdl p`ur t`g, û hr`yfit.
Xg tu pftglitls klvfit bls çvçildlits prçklstgiçs lt fh
hulgbbls fvlh s`udgssg`i bl kçhrlt kgvgi kfis t`us bls çtfts,
tu jgigrfs pfr îtrl rfppr`hoç kl t`i Xlgeilur ( dfwbá) kfis
hl d`ikl. [u h`iifétrfs bf açiçkghtg`i kl bf h`iifgs
sfihl, kl bf shglihl lt ku kçv`gbldlit kls slhrlts. (]fr
surhr`ét) tu kldlurlrfs kfis b‗futrl d`ikl fuprïs kls
]r`poïtls, kls Zçrgkgquls, kls [çd`gis lt kls ]glux 3
kfis bl v`gsgifel k‗Fbbfo, kfis Xf dfgs`i, kfis Xf

657
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½61, vlrslt <:.

Zgiet-iluvgïdl kgsh`urs >

•Z
F pr`p`s ku ofk ofkàt
àt >
« Bf pf
pfuv
uvrlt
rltçç fv`gsgi
fv`gsgill Zgihr`yfi hl ³
Zgihr`yfihl

Bl slrvgtlur vçrgtfabl f j`g li Fbbfo lt Bug rldlt t`utls

sls fjjfgrls - gb hr`gt jlrdldlit qul h‗lst pfr Bug qu‗lst
jfhgbgtçl b‗`atlitg`i kls aglis ( rgzq) 3 qul hl qug b‗fttlgit
il p`uvfgt bl dfiqulr 3 qul hl qug jfgbbgt í bl rfttrfplr il
p`uvfgt b‗fttlg
b‗fttlgikrl. X f « jb# pfr`bl > « Vugh`iqul
ikrl. Gb hr`gt í Xf
hrfgitd Fbbfo, F bbfo bl tgr tgrll k ‗fjjfgrl, lt bug fhh`rkl Xls
aglijfgts pfr kls v`gls gifttlikuls. Vugh`iqul sl jgl í
Fbbfo,
Fbb fo, Fb bf
bfoo bu
bugg ssuj
uj jg
jgtt ³ 6
=?6. Bl sl
? slrvg
rvgtlu
tlurr fjjg
fjjgrdl
rdl t`u t hlb
hlbff lt
y hr`gt (jlrdldlit) kfis b‗çtft k‗gitçergtç lt k‗lxtgihtg`i
(jfif*). ]ugs Fbbfo ; = $ 6‗ 6‗çpr`uvl pfs kls hfbfdghfbfdgtçs
tçs lt pfr
bf pfuvrltç. Gb sl dlt fb`rs í gdpb`rlr oudabldlit 3 dfgs
Fbbfo il bug çpfreil pfs hls çprluvls p`ur futfit. Kfis
hls h`ikgtg`is, gb rçfbgsl bf vçrgtç ku ofkàt > « Bf pfuvrltç
fv`gsgil Sli frrgvl prlsqul í îtrl klT b ‗gihr`yfihl ³.
Hlbug p`ur blqulb Fbbfo f çtç prçvlifit ( tfbftjf ag-og),
Gb bug rltgrl hlttl kgjjghubtç çhrfsfitl lt bug liv`gl
b‗gitçergtç, bf rgholssl. Gb bug fhh`rkl çefbldlit bf eráhl kl
Bl rldlrhglr lt kl Bl b`ulr 3 Bug jfgsfit plrkurlr hlttl
h`ikgtg`i nusqu‗í bf Qlih`itrl (jgifbl
(jgifbl).
).

6?= Z`gr bf i`tl i½6= 6. Gb s‗fegt kl bf tfq wá ‗ lt i`i ku of wj sur bf

i`tg`i kl « hrfgitl k‗Fbbfo ³. Hj. pfr lxldpbl , Lhrgts spgrgtu lbs kl
b‗ç
b‗çdgr
dgr Fak fb-Cfklr hofpgtrl 68, trfk. Dgholb Ho`kcglwghz (Lk. ku
Xlugb).
6?6 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½:< , vlrs lts 1- 8.

681 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL 'FAK FB-VÍKGQ FB-NGBÍIÉ 688

Vufit í hlbug p`ur blqulb Fbbfo vlut jfgrl kurlr kfis bf h`dpfeigl kls o`ddls lt kfis bf s`bgtukl, pfrj`gs
b‗çprluvl, gb bl dfgitglit kfis s`i dfbolur lt sf pfuvrltç `uvlrtldlit lt pfrj`gs gitçrglurldlit. Gb rlå`gt bls vfrgçtçs
bl prgvl dîdl
d îdl kl b ‗fssgstfihl6?
‗fssgstfihl6?1kl bf j`g. Bl slrvgtlur
slrv gtlur df kl bf suatgbl a`itç ( butj) lt bf efddl kls fttrfhtg`is (kgvg
igjlstl fb`rs b‗gdpgçtç qug h`isgstl í `anlhtlr, s‗`pp`slr, lt ils). [`ut hlbf plrkurl nusqu‗í bf Qlih`itrl (jgifbl).
fhhuslr Fbbfo «jb#. Gb sl dlt í k`utlr kl Xf ]r`dlssl lt
Lt h ‗lst
‗lst Fbbfo ;D)
;D ) qug lst bl Eugkl.
jgig t pfr d`urgr
d` urgr li
l i dçhrçf
dçh rçfit6
it6??8, rligfit
rlig fit Xls sgeils
s geils (áyf ),
grrgtç h`itrl s`i Xlgeilur.
H‗lst í bug
bug qul jfgt fbbusg`i
fbbusg`i b‗Liv`yç k‗Fbbfo
k‗Fbbfo ( X ) kfis
sf pfr`bl> «F u n`ur kl bf Qçs Qçsurrlh
urrlhtg`i
tg`i,, b ‗o`ddl qug
h`iifétrf bf s`ujjrfihl bf pbus erfikl, slrf hlbug p`ur
blqulb Fbbfo furf rçslrvç bf pfuvr ltç li hl d`ikl lt
bl hoátgdlit kfis b ‗futrl ³. I`us i`us rçjueg`is li Fbbfo
h`itrl hlttl çvlitufbgtç. Gb s‗fegt kl bf pfuvrltç qug jfgt
`uabglr (Fbbfo) «jg#, hlbbl h`itrl bfqulbbl bl ]r`poïtl ;D)
f prgs rljuel li Fbbfo g0D]-
 B futrl hfs h`ihlril b o`ddl k`it Fbbfo ;D ) f v`ubu
b‗çblhtg`i. Gb b‗f fttgrç lt pbfhç pfrdg Xls pr`poïtls, Xls
fdgs lt gitgdls.
slgeilur kl Xls Gbsfgits,
b‗gistfurl oçrgtglr
pfrdg kl Xls
bls pbus pr`poïtls
erfiks kl Xlslt
slrvgtlurs. Bl pbfhl fu i`darl kls sfvfits, sfels,
gitlrhlsslurs, dfétrls `u kgshgpbls, gistruhtlurs lt eugkls
vlrs blur Xlgeilur (dfwbá ). H‗lst-í-kgrl kls eugkls kfis
bf Zrfgl Z`gl, hlux qug çb`geilit kls holdgis gbbus`grls.
Gb bl duigt kl « d`itfeils kl pftglihl ³ lt
« k‗`hçfis ³ kl sftgsjfhtg`i (rgkf) 3 k‗fhh`rk (duwájfqf)
lt kl h`itlitldlit (egiá) kl Xls kçhrlts lt fhtls.
]ugs GG kçvlrsl sur bug ui k`i trïs fa`ikfit, hl qug
fdïil (bl slrvgtlur) í giv`qulr Fbbfo ;D ) iugt lt n`ur,

6?1 Wfqtf' 'fiou dfkfk fb-gdái > bf j`g lst h`iåul fgisg, h`ddl ui
jbux k‗fssgstfihl qug plut îtrl gitlrr`dpu.

6?8 Cfjg r ag-Fbb áo > Z`gr bf i`tl i½6=?.

[rlitgïdl kgsh`urs >

Ku jfgt kl sl kgrl > Vul k`gs-nl

jfgrl 0 Vulb strftfeïdl ldpb`ylr 0

[rïs s`uvlit, tu tl kldfikls > Vul k`gs-nl jfgrl 0 Vulb

strftfeïdl utgbgslr 0
Gb t‗lst kgt > « Qlstl í tf pbfhl, lt i‗`utrlpfssl p`git tf
bgdgtl nusqu‗í hl qul vgliil bl s`ubfeldlit (jfrfn) kl bf
pfrt kl
k l Hlbug qug tf `r k`iiç
k`ii ç kl tl tl igr í b ‗likr`gt `÷ tu tl
tr`uvls ³.
Fbbfo kgt > « Û v`us q ug hr`ylz,
hr`ylz, s`ylz pftglits 3 rg
vfbgslz kl pftglihl, s`ylz sur bl qug-vgvl lt hrfgeilz Fb
bfo, sg v`us v`ublz îtrl olurlux ³ 6?;. Gb t‗f
t ‗f k`ih
k` ih `r
`rk`
k`iiç
iiç
bf pftglihl, û hr`yfit, pugs lih`rl kl rgvfbgslr kl pftglihl
fvlh k‗futrls hr`yfits, k‗îtrl t`un`urs sur tls efrkls, lt kl
t‗fstrlgikrl í hlbf kl dfigïrl plrdfilitl. Lisugtl GG tl
prçvglit
prçvg lit kl il
il p
pfs
fs hlsslr
hls slr t`i ljj `rt > « lt hrfgeilz
hrfge ilz Fbbfo ³,
h‗lst-í-kgrl, hrfgeilz-bl jfhl fu kçsgr k‗fafik`iilr bf pf
tglihl. Li ljjlt, bl agli lt bf sfuvlefrkl rçsgkl li lbbl. Bl
]r`po ïtl f kgt > « Bf pftglih
pft glihll lst pfr
pf r rfpp`rt
rfpp `rt í bf j`g,
h`ddl bf tîtl pfr rfpp`rt fu rlstl ku h`rps ³.

6?;Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½8, vlrslt 1==.

F i`tlr ghg qul « îtrl olurlux ³ il k`gt pfs îtrl prgs kfis bl slis
ku « a`iolur gikgvgkulb ³, gbbusg`i p`ursugvgl sfis rlbáhol kl i`s
n`urs , dfgs kl « K çbg vrf ihl ³ hfr « tujbgoòi ³ vglit kl jfbf of qug
h`ii`tl b‗gkçl kl « sl jlikrl, sl bçzfrklr ³ (bl s`b bfgssfit pfsslr uil
p`ussl qug çdlrel). K‗`÷ jfbfo f, b‗ferghubturl (hj. b‗çtyd`b`egl kl
« iç`poytl ³).

'f a k f b -q á k gr f b - n é b Fi é 685
68: B ‗FHHÏ X F\ DWX[ Ï QL

Gb f çtç lxpbgquç qul t`utl ho`sl fvfgt sf rçtrgautg`i sl- t‗f pr`dgs uil rçh`dplisl > « H‗lst fgisg qul i`us rçtrg
b`i uil dlsurl, í b‗lxhlptg`i kl bf pftglihl, k`it bf rçtrg- au`is bls duosgibi-s ³6?7. Kl pbus Fbbfo t‗fgdlrf, hfr GG
autg`i
aut g`i lst sfis dlsurl.
dlsur l. Hlbf lst gikgquç
gikgq uç kfis Xf ]fr`bl
]fr` bl kgt > « Hlrtls, Fbbfo fgdl bls duosgigi ³³67
67=.
;D} > « Bls likurfits rlhlvr`it blu r rçtrgautg`i sfis Bf pftglihl lst (agli) bl prgihgpl kl t`ut agli lt kl
dlsurl ³6?³ 6?<. t`utl sfuvlefrkl, kfis hl d`ikl lt kfis b‗futrl.
Fgisg, sg tu fs s`geilusldlit « hrfgit ³ ( tfqwá) Fbbfo Í pfrtgr k‗lbbl, bl hr`yfit sl ogssl í b‗çtft kl bf
kfis t`i `aslrvftg`i kl bf pftglihl lt bl rlsplht kls bgdgtls sftgsjfhtg`i (rgkf) lt kl b‗fhh`rk fvlh Fbbfo (duwájfqf).
(gikgquçls pfr bf B`g), Gb tl rçh`dplislrf slb`i Xf Kl bí, gb pfrvglit í b‗lxtgihtg`i (jfif‗) kfis bls fhtls
]r`dlssl gishrgtl kfis X`i Bgvrl > « Vugh`iqul hrfgit k Fbbfo g§=. H‗lst b‗çtft ku « suastgtut ³ ( afkfbgyyf) lt kl
‗
Fb bfo , Fb bfo
bf o bl tgrl k ‗fjjfg rl, lt bug
bu g fhh`r
f hh`r kl Xls agl ijf gts b‗« `hhubtftg`i ³ (efyagyyf,).
p
pfr
fr kls v`gls gif
gifttli
ttli kuls³6?:. Xg tu ls kldlurç pftglit lt
ku ls
]rliks efrkl í il nfdfgs fafik`iilr bf pftglihl, hfr GG
k‗litrl bls h`ijgfits li Fbbfo (dutfwfcgbòi), bls s`uhgs sl t‗fafik`iilrfgt kfis hl d`ikl lt kfis b‗futrl, tl prgvfit
kgssgplr`it.
kl blurs aglis.
Gb t‗f pr`dgs b‗gikçplikfihl (pfr rfpp`rt fu hrçç), kfis I`us i`us rçjueg`is
rçju eg`is li Fbbfo
F bbfo kl hlttl
hl ttl çvlituf
ç vlitufbgtç.
bgtç.
Xf ]fr`bl > « Hlbug qug s‗li
s‗li rldlt í Fbbfo, Fbbfo bu g suj

gt ³
³6?
6?56
jfjjfgrls?. Fgisg pfr
bftu pftglihl
í Fbbfo, lt bf
tl pbfhls li rldgsl h`ijgfitl
rfie kl kl tls
hlux qug sl
h`ikugslit lxhlbblddlit (duosgiài)d. Lt, í i`uvlfu, Gb

6?< Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½8 7, vlrs lt 6=.
6?: Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½: <, vlr
vlrslt
slt 1.
6?5 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½: <, vlrslt
vlr slt 8.
6?? Bf i`tg`i k ‗gosái vf agli fu-klbí kl hl qu‗li sueeïrl bf
trfkuhtg`i pr`p`sçl ghg pfr h`dd`kgtç. Gb jfut agli h`dprlikrl qul bf
s`urhl kl hl h`dp`rtldlit ‟vlrtulux‗ rçsgkl kfis bf h`itldpbftg`i.
Bf rfhgil OXI kl hl d`t h`ii`tl bls gkçls kl ALF\ lt kl AGLI -
B ‗gosái, fgisg kçjgi
kçjgigg pfr
pfr bl ]]r`p
r`poït
oïtll g X ) > «V ul tu fk`
fk`rls
rls Fbbfo
Fbbfo
h`ddl sg tu bl v`yfgs 3 hfr sg tu il bl v`gs pfs, Bug tl v`gt ³, lst bl
k`dfgil pr`prl ku tfsf ww uj (b (blqulb
lqulb lst bl h`ur`iildlit kl b‗Gsbád lt 6?7 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½ :, vlrs lt ?<.
kl Wgdái. 67= Vur
Vur‗á
‗ái,
i, s`urftl i ½8, v lrslt 688.
Í i`tlr qul bls klux pltgts jgbs ku ]r`poïtl gssus kl 'Fbt lt
Játgdf, `it rlsplhtgvldlit p`ur i`ds Ofsfi lt Ousfyi (kl bf rfhgil
O.X.I.). Z`gr í hl pr`p`s b‗fra
b‗frarl
rl eçiçfb`egqul kl i`trl sfyo. Gb i‗lst
pfs sfis gitçrît kl h`istftlr qu‗gb il sldabl pfs qu‗gb y fgt trfhl kl hls
prçi`ds fvfit lux.

[rlitl lt uigïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl bf « kçtlstftg`i li Fbbfo ³

Xg tu h`istftls li t`i hŘur kl bf ofgil `u kl b‗fd`ur

livlrs uil plrs`iil k`iiçl, lxfdgil sls fhtg`is í bf
budgïrl ku Bgvrl lt kl bf Xuiif.
X‗gb s‗y tr`uvl ljjlhtgvldlit kls fhtls abádfabls,
rlå`gs bf a`iil i`uvlbbl kl t`i fhh`rk fvlh Fbbfo lt
X`i Liv`yç.
Xg pfr h`itrl sls fhtls s`it fpprçhgçs kfis bl Bgvrl lt bf
Xuiif, dfgs qul tu bf kçtlstls (qufik dîdl), sfhol, fb`rs,
qul tu ls ui o`ddl kl pfssg`i. [u bf ofgs pfr tf pfssg`i,
tu ls ginustl livlrs lbbl pfr hlttl ofgil lt kçs`açgssfit
livlrs Fbbfo Ç GÇ lt X`i Liv`yç.
livlrs
Qlprliks-t`g fuprïs k‗Fbbfo kl hlttl ofgil qul tu
çpr`uvls lt kldfikl-Bug kl t‗fhh`rklr b‗fd`ur kl hlttl
plrs`iill fgisg qul hlbug
plrs`ii hlbu g k ‗futrls kl Xls agli-fgd
agli -fgdçs
çs Fdgs,
« Xfgits ³, Lbus lt ]glux ( sábgoài) k‗litrl Xls slrvgtlurs.
Fjgi k‗îtrl li fhh`rk fvlh Bug «jòC
]r`hïkl kl dîdl pfr rfpp`rt í hlbug qul tu fgdls.
H‗lst-í-kgrl lxfdgil sls fhtls í bf budgïrl ku Bgvrl lt kl
bf Xuiif - X‗gbs y s`it fppr`uvçs lt fgdçs, fb`rs fgdl-bl
sfis rçslrvl. Dfgs s‗gbs y s`it kçtlstçs, fb`rs kçtlstl-bl,
p`ur il p fs b‗f
b‗fgdlr
gdlr p fr pfssg`i
p fssg`i..

6;= b ‗f h h ï s f u d y st ï r l

Hfr tu fs rlåu b ‗`rkrl kl il pfpfss `açgr í tf pfssg`i. Fbbfo

kgt
kg t > « I ‗`açgs
`aç gs pf s í bf p fss g`i , hfr lbbl t ‗çefrlrf
çef rlrf g [rlitl-kluxgïdl kgsh`urs >
ku hold gi k ‗Fbbfo 676
 Kl bf i`i-fss`hgftg`i kl qu`g qul hl
s`gt í b‗fd`ur ku Zrfg

Agli s`uvlit tu h`istftls hlhg > « Vulb qul s`gt hlbug

qul n ‗fgdl, d`i fd`ur p`ur bug il kurl pfs, i`us s`ddls
sçpfrçs s`gt pfr b‗faslihl s`gt pfr bf d`rt, s`gt lih`rl pfr
b‗gigdgtgç `u bf kgbfpgkftg`i kls aglis ³. Gb t‗lst fb`rs kgt >
« Il sfgs-tu pfs, û agli-fgdç, qul sg uil v`b`itç Sk‗uil
ho`sl futrl qul BugT sl rfssldabl Skfis bl hŘurT, b‗fhtl
k‗Fbbfo bf argsl, pfr nfb`usgl ³.
Hfhofit hl hŘur, s`it krlssçs bls rgklfux kl
b‗Gddlisgtç lt kl bf [`utl-]ugssfihl Dfnlstulusl,
gispgrftrghl kl hrfgitl rçvçrlihglbbl. Bls trfihoçls kl bf
Erfiklur lt kl bf J`rhl s`it hrlusçls t`ut fut`ur, kl s`rtl
qu‗fuhui v`ub`gr, h`ihlrifit uil ho`sl pfrtghubgïrl, il
b‗fttlgeil.
Kfis hlttl h`ikgtg`i, rgli il iugt fu hŘur pfrdg bls
hfusls slh`ikls tlbbls bf rgholssl, bls lijfits, bls jlddls,
bls fdgs, bls dgrfhbls, bçs sfelssls, bf shglihl `u lih`rl
bls Řuvrls k‗fk`rftg`i. [`ut hlbf rlstl li klo`rs ku hŘur
lt il sushgtl pfs bf nfb`usgl k ‗Fbbfo «j
«jòC
òC
Agli pbus > t`ut hlbf klvglit hfusl kl h`isgkçrftg`i o`
i`rgjgqul kl bf pfrt k‗Fbbfo «jb# livlrs X`i slrvgtlur, lt
a`it ç í s`i çefrk. [`u t hlbf s‗fvïrl çefbl dlit aglijf gt,
676 Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urft l i½8?, vlrslt 1:. rgholssl lt pr`jgt, p`ur hlux qug fppr`holit hl slrvgtlur.
Gbs rlå`gvlit pfr s`i gitlrdçkgfgrl kls k`is, kl bf dgsçrg
h`rkl lt kl bf pr`tlhtg`i li vlxtu kl s`i stftut prgvgbçegç
fuprïs k ‗Fbbfo gb klvglit p`ur lux ui efrkgli, ui rl-

6; 1 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

juel, ui pr`tlhtlur lt ui gitlrhlsslur, kfis hl d`ikl lt [rlitl-tr`gsgïdl kgsh`urs >

kfis b‗futrl.

Kl bf rçpfrtgtg`i kls o`ddls

li quftrl hbfssls

S]rldgïrl hbfsslT
]rldgïrldlit, gb y f b‗o`ddl kçp`urvu kl bfieul lt kl
hŘur. Gb s‗fegt ku pçholur, vubefgrl lt gigitlbbgelit.
Fbbfo bl kçbfgssl (hfr) gb i‗y f fuhui agli li bug.
Bug lt sls sldabfabls s`it h`ddl kls çh`rhls, kls rlauts
sfis fuhuil vfblur. Í d`gis qu‗Fbbfo ;w } il bls prçslrvl
pfr Xf D gsçrgh`rkl,
gsçrgh `rkl, eugkfit
eugk fit blurs hŘurs
hŘur s vlrs bf j`g li Bug
lt stgdubfit blurs dldarls p`ur bls fhtls k‗fk`rftg`i.
]rliks efrkl í il pfs îtrl kl blur i`darl, `u í tl prç
`hhuplr k‗lux, v`grl í rlstlr li blur h`dpfeigl. Hl s`it
bls elis ku hoátgdlit lt kl bf h`bïrl kgvgil. Bl vrfg il k`gt
îtrl h`isgkçrç qu‗fvlh fttlitg`i lt efrkç fvlh ui s`gi nf
b`ux671. Il sfgs-tu pfs qu‗Fbbfo gUjr lst Nfb`ux 0 Gb t‗f hrçç
p`urr Bug lt tu fhhlptlrfgs
p`u fhhlpt lrfgs k ‗fppfrtligr
‗fppfrt ligr í futrl qul Bug 0
I‗litliks
I ‗litliks-tu
-tu pfs Xf ]f ]fr`
r`bl>
bl> «Gbs bls fgdl lt gbs

671 Ghg gb y f b‗fvlrtgssldl

b‗fvlrtgssldlit
it kl prl
prlikrl
ikrl fu ssçrglux
çrglux bbf
f Qçfbgtç-Zrf
Qçfbgtç-Zrfgl
gl
(.Ofqq
Ofqq),), kl sl rlprlikrl pfr rfpp`rt í bf kçsgiv`bturl lt í b‗grrlsplht
qug kçh`ublit kl b‗gei`rfihl lt kl b‗gijftuftg`i.
Bf nfb`usgl sl rçjïrl fu slitgdlit qug ifét kl bf rçfhtg`i klvfit bf
pr`jfiftg`i kls ho`sls sfhrçls.

6;; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL 'FAK FB-VÍKGQ FB-NÉBÍIÉ 6;<

b ‗f gd li t³ 678 lt lih`rl Xf ]fr`bl> «N l i ‗fg hrçç bbls ls Bf h`bïrl lst bl b`t kls elis ku jlu, i`us i`us rçjueg`is
d `i fk` rftg` i ³67
Kn gii s lt bls o `d dl s q ul p` u r d`i ³67;. k‗lux li Fbbfo gDj- [`utlj`gs, sg ttuu jfgs pfrtgl kls Xfvfits
I‗fs-tu
I ‗fs-tu pfs litliku
litli ku çefbldlit
çefbld lit bf pfr`bl
pfr` bl kl b ‗Liv`yç
‗Liv`y ç pfr Fbbfo kls lislgeifits
lislgei fits ku agli, kls eugkls kl bf
;®) > « B` rsq u‗Fbbfo
u‗Fbbfo fgdl ui slrvgtlur, Gb b ‗çpr`uvl, s ‗gb rlbgeg`i (kài), kl sls holjs kl jgbl, hofreçs kl bf
pftgl itl, Gb b ‗fhq
fhquglrt
uglrt Sp`ur
Sp` ur Bu g-dîd lT ³ - @i gitlrr`elf >
Bug-dîd h`iv`hftg`i (í Bug) > fb`rs vf vlrs lux lt fpplbbl-bls í
« Û Liv`yç k‗Fbbfo «(®), «(®), qul sgeigjgl k`ih « Gb b‗`açgssfihl livlrs Fbbfo Dlts-bls li efrkl h`itrl bf
b‗fhquglrt 0 ³. Bl ]r`poïtl rçp`ikgt > « Gb il bug bfgssl ig rçalbbg`i vgs-í-vgs kl Bug. [u slrfs, fuprïs k‗Fbbfo
gishrgt fu i`darl kls o`ddls kl erfik dçrgtl. [u
aglis ig lijfits ³ ³67
67<6
7::-- Bf rfgs`i li lst bf sugvfitl
su gvfitl > s‗gb
rlhlvrfs bf rçh`dplisl kul fux Liv`yçs lt ]r`poïtls.
p`ssçk
p`s sçkfgt
fgt lih`rl
li h`rl kls aglis
a glis lt kl lijfits,
lijfits , gb bls fgdlr
fgdlrfgt
fgt 3 hl
qug litrféil içhlssfgrldlit uil kgdgiutg`i lt uil B‗Liv`yç k‗Fbbfo
k‗Fbbfo { = ) f kgt fu
fu ]rgihl kls hr`yfits
hr`yfits,,
pfrtgtg`i
pfrtgt g`i (kfis b ‗fd`ur) lt dïil í b‗fss`hgftg`i b‗fss` hgftg`i litrl ‗Fbà Gai Faà-[ábga {*&9} > « Xg pfr t`i fhtg`i, Fbbfo eugkl
Fbbfo «jg# lt hl qug lst futrl qul Bug. ui slub o`ddl,
o`ddl, hlbf vfut dglux p` ur t`g qul t`ut hl qug sl
tr`uvl kfis hl d`ikl ³.
@r, Fbbfo i‗fhhlptl pfs k‗fss`hgç. Gb lst Nfb`ux lt
Gb trg`dpol
qul bl hŘur klkl s`i
t`utlslrvgtlur
ho`sl. s`gt
Gb jfgt
purpçrgr X`ifutrl
kl t`ut fss`hgç
qul p`ur
Bug. SKluxgïdl hbfsslT
Fb`rs sl rçfbgsl bf ]fr`bl kgvgil k gvgil > « G b bls fgd l lt gbs Kluxgïdldlit, gb y f b‗o`ddl p`ssçkfit uil bfieul
b‗fgdlit ³‗ ³‗%
%. Bl hŘur lst iltt`yç
iltt `yç kl t`ut
t` ut fss`hgç
fss` hgç `u rgvfb, dfgs kçp`urvu kl hŘur. Gb pr`i`ihl kls pfr`bls kl sfelssl
qu‗gb s‗fegssl kl b‗çp`usl, kls aglis, kls lijfits, kls dfgs sfis bls dlttrl li prftgqul.
pbfgsgrs,
pbfgsgr s, kls kçsgrs, kl bf rlholrhol
rlho lrhol kl pr`eçigtu
pr`e çigturl
rl `u kl
h`ddfikldlit, k‗o`iilurs, k‗çtfts çblvçs, kl kldlurls, Gb fpplbbl bls elis í Fbbfo, fb`rs qul bug-dîdl il jfgt
kl stftg`is, kl ]frfkgs, kl klerçs kl rfppr`hold rfpp r`hold lit 3 qul Bl jugr. Gb hrgtgqul bls kçjfuts k‗futrug dfgs t`bïrl bls
(iubbl) v`b`itç, ig s`uofgt il k`gvlit rlstlr kfis bl hŘur. dîdls trfvlrs p`ur hl qug bl h`ihlril. Gb sl d`itrl
Hl klriglr klvglit h`ddl ui rçhgpglit jîbç, il rltlifit oudabl lt pglux klvfit bls elis dfgs kçjgl Fbbfo li
pbus rgli, hfr gb s‗lst argsç
ar gsç klvfit
k lvfit b ‗Fhtl k‗Fbbfo
k ‗Fbbfo gD o plrpçtufit
plrp çtufit bls erfiks
erfik s pçhoçs, b`rsqu
b`rs qu‗gb
‗gb sl hr`gt sfis
tçd`gi. Gb lst sldabfabl í ui b`up kçeugsç li o`ddl kl
h`ijgfihl. H‗lst h`itrl bug qul i`us dlt li efrkl bl
]r`poïtl ;®) b`rsqu‗gb kçhbfrl > « Hl qul nl hrfgis bl pbus
678 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½<, vl rslt <;. p` ur df h`ddui
h`dduifutç,
futç, hl s`it bls oyp` hrgtls k`i t bls
67; Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½<6 , vlrslt < :.
bfieuls s`it sfvfitls ³ `u lih`rl > « hl qul nl hrfgis bl
pbu s p`u r df h`ddu
h`dduifutç,
ifutç, hl s`
s`it sf vfits pl rvlr s ³.
it bls sfvfits
67< GG il jfut pfs (sf uj kfis hlrtfgis hfs lxtrîdls) litlikrl hlttl
rçp`isl fu slub slis bgttçrfb « Bls aglis lt bls lijfits ³ rlprçslitlit I`us i`us rçjueg`i
rçju eg`iss li Fbbfo h`itrl
h`itr l hlbf. Lb`geil-t`g
Lb`gei l-t`g
bls fhqugs lt bls hrçftg`is kl b‗o`ddl, fuxqulbs gb lst trïs fttfhoç, t`ut k‗uil tlbbl
tlbbl plrs`iil ! Jugs li h`urfit p`ur qu‗lbbl
qu‗lbbl il
hl qug h`istgtul hlttl « gdfel kl s`g ³ qul b‗o`ddl `rkgifgrl hoçrgt t‗liv`ótl p`git pfr bf k`uhlur kl sf bfieul, qul il tl
tfit.
67:
Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½<, vlrslt <;.

6;: B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

'FAK FB-VÍKGQ FB-NjÀBÁIÉ 6;5

aró bl bl jjlu
aróbl lu kl sls pçhoçs lt qul bls turpgtuk
tur pgtukls
ls kl
k l s`i hŘur
hŘu r
lt kl s`i j` r gitçrglur il tl tulit.
SVuftrgïdl hbfsslT
S[r`gsgïdl hbfsslT (Lijgi) b‗o`ddl fpplbç « erfik ³ (jfzàd) kfis bl
[r`gsgïdldlit, gb y f b‗o`ddl p`ssçkfit ui hŘur dfgs Dfb fcòt 675 h`ddl hlbf lst dlitg`iiç pf r bl ofkàt ku
kçp`urvu kl bfieul. H‗lst ui hr`yfit qu‗Fbbáo f hfhoç í ]r`poïtl
]r`po ïtl ( X ) > « Hlbug qug fpprlik pugs lislgeil lt fegt
Xls hrçfturls. (slb`i hl qu‗gb sfgt) lst fpplbç «erfik³ kfis bl
dfbfcòt ³. Gb lst bl sfvfit pfr Fbbfo «jb# lt gb h`iifét Xls
Gb f çtliku X`i fgbl pr`tlhtrghl sur bug. Gb bug f jfgt v`gr Xgeils Sh‗lst b‗o`ddl qug f ui hŘur uil bfieulT.
sls pr`prls kçjfuts. Gb f gbbudgiç s`i hŘur. Gb bug f jfgt
h`iifétrl bls kça`rkldlits gioçrlits í bf jrçqulitftg`i Fbbfo f h`ijgç í s`i hŘur bls dlrvlgbbls kl Xf
kls elis, bls dfux fttfhoçs fu jfgt kl pfrblr (fb-cfbád wf Xhglihl lt bug f d`itrç kls Xlhrlts qu‗gb f hfhoçs fux
fi-iutq). Gb f `atliu bf hlrtgtukl qul bf sfuvlefrkl rçsgkl futrls. Gb b‗f ho`gsg, fttgrç í Bug lt çblvç nusqu‗fu slugb kl
kfis bl sgblihl, bf s`bgtukl lt bl rltrfgt (kl t`us). Lh`utl bf Xf ]r`xgdgtç. Gb b‗f eugkç lt f çbfreg sf p`gtrgil p`ur
pfr`bl
pfr` bl ku ]r`poïtl
]r`p oïtl ( X ) > « Hlbug qug sl tfgt lst sfuvç ³. qu‗lbbl rlå`gvl hls slhrlts lt hls shglihls67?. Gb f jfgt kl bug
Lh`utl bf pfr`bl k‗ui sfvfit > « B ‗fk`rftg `i h`dp`rt l kgx ui kl hlux qug h`iv`qulit ofagbldlit Xls slrvgtlurs, ui
pfrtgls, k`it i lu j rçsgklit kfis bl sgblihl ³. Fvlrtgsslur lt uil ]rluvl (ounnf) p`ur lux, lt pfrdg
pfrd g lux.
Hlt o`ddl lst ui Fdg (wfbà) k‗Fbbfo Gb lst kfis Gb lst eugkl lt eugkç, gitlrhlsslur açiçjghgfit bug-dîdl
bl slhrlt k‗Fbbfo Sb`gi kls rlefrksT pr`tçeç, prçslrvç, kl b‗gitlrhl
b ‗gitlrhlssg`
ssg`i6
i6777, vçrgkgq
vçrgkgqul
ul lt rlh`
rlh`iiu
iiu h`ddl
h` ddl tlb. Gb lst
gb f rlåu uil erfikl pfrt k‗gitlbbgelihl (' fqb). Li ui suastgtut kl Xls Liv`yçs lt ]r`poïtls (sur lux Xf
h`dpfeigl ku Dgsçrgh`rkglux, açiçjghgfit kl bf bgaçrfbgtç, Eráhl, Xf ]fgx, X`i Xfbut lt Xls Açiçkghtg`is).
t`ut bl agli lst li sf p`sslssg`i. Qfppr`hol-t`g kl bug,
jrçqulitl-bl, s`gs í s`i slrvghl, jfgs-t`g fgdlr kl bug li SHlt o`ddl rlprçslitlT bl aut ubtgdl p`ur bls jgbs
b‗fssgstfit p`ur b‗`atlitg`i kls ho`sls k`it gb f als`gi. k‗Fkfd - Gb i‗y f pfs kl kldlurl spgrgtulbbl
spgrgtulbbl supçrglurl í
bf sgliil sfuj hlbbl kl bf ]r`poçtgl. Fttfhol-t`g í bug lt
X`gs prçslit fuprïs kl bug, fvlh kls s`bbghgtukls bug
prliks efrkl í il pfs bug kçs`açgr, ig t‗`pp`slr
t‗`pp `slr í bug, ig
pr`hurf
pr` hurfit
it kl b ‗fgsl, Fbbfo «jj#
«jj # t‗fgdlrf
t‗fgdl rf (li vlrtu kl hl
t‗li çhfrtlr, ig fafik`iilr sls h`islgbs `u il pfs jfgrl hfs
slrvghl) lt tl ho`gsgrf h`ddl çbu. Gb t‗fkdlttrf pfrdg Xls
kl hl qu‗gb tl kgt - Hfr bf sfuvlefrkl lst kfis hl qu‗
qu ‗gb kgt,
agli-fgdçs
agli -fgdçs lt Xls hhrçfturl
rçfturlss ppglusls
glusls (sábgoài) pfr bf afrfcf
kl hlt o`ddl
o`d dl 3 sg Fbbfo bl vlut.

675 Bl Dfbfc òt (Q`yfutç) `u d`ikl supçrglur, d`ikl kls Lsprgts

lt kls Fdls.

67? Bl pr`i`d kçd`istrftgj « hls ³ lst utgbgsç p`ur rlstlr fbbusgj.

« Hls shglihls lt hls slhrlts.. ³. gk lst k`it gb s‗fegt.
677
677
Lih`rl uil j`gs, b‗gkçl k‗uil ogçrfrhogl lst fttlstçl.
6;? B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

bf plrtl lt b‗çefrldlit kfis hl qul tl sueeïrlit bls futrls

í b‗lxhlptg`
b‗lxhlptg`ii kl hlux fuxqulbs Fbbfo k`iil sf Eráhl, [rlitl-quftrgïdl
[rlitl-quftrgïdl kgsh`urs >
lt bls fssgstl li blur pr`hurfit bf jlrdltç kfis bf vçrgtç lt
bf dgsçrgh`rkl.
Nl t‗fg fgisg d`itrç bls hftçe`rgls k‗o`ddls. @aslrvl
t`i ádl (ifjs) sg tu li fs bl p`uv`gr. ]rçslrvl-bf sg tu li Kl b‗gitlrkghtg`i kl s‗grrgtlr
h`dprliks bf içhlssgtç lt çpr`uvls kl bf h`dpfssg`i p`ur
lbbl.
h`itrl Fbbfo gd
gd$$
Vu‗Fbbfo i`us eugkl, t`g lt d`g, vlrs hl qu‗gb fgdl lt
ferçl.
H`ddl lst erfvl t`i grrgtftg`i h`itrl t`i Xlgeilur, lt
b‗fhhusftg`i qul tu bug fkrls
b‗fhhusftg`i fkrlssls
sls ! Kl dîdl qul t`i
gdputftg`i k‗ginustghl lt t`i gdpftglihl p`ur b‗frrgvçl kls
pr`vgsg`i
pr`v gsg`iss (rgzq), lt bf kgspfrgtg`i kls hfbfdgtçs. Il sfgs-tu
k`ih pfs qul hofqul ho`sl f ui tldps prlshrgt 0 lt qul
p`urr t`utl çprl
p`u çprluvl
uvl lt hfbfd
hfbfdgtç
gtç gb lxgs
lxgstl
tl uil jgi lt uil
kçbgvrfihl, bfqulbbl il plut îtrl fvfihçl ig rltfrkçl. Bls
tldps prçvus p`ur b‗çprluvl il pluvlit îtrl hofieçs li
d`dlits kl trfiqugbbgtç, ig bls pçrg`kls kl kgjjghubtçs
trfisj`rdçls li d`dlits kl aglijfgts. B‗çtft kl pfuvrltç
i‗lst pfs rldpbfhç pfr bf rgholssl. Qlsplhtl bls
h`ivlifihls spgrgtulbbls (ákhta) lt fstrlgis-t`g fu sgblihl, í
bf pftglihl, í bf sftgsjfhtg`i, í b‗fhhlptftg`i Skl bf v`b`itçT
kl t`i Xlgeilur Qlprliks-t`g kl t`i grrgtftg`i lt kl
tls fhhusftg`is h`itrl Bug, fu sunlt kl X`i Fhtl.
Gb i‗y f p`git ghg pbfhl p`ur uil kldfikl kl
kçk`ddfeldlit `u kl vlielfihl bçegtgdl, i‗litrféifit
fuhui pçhoç
pçh oç 3 h`ddl kfis bl hfs kls h`dplisftg`is
ifturlbbls litrl bls slrvgtlurs. Hfr Bug «jg# f bl prgvgbïel
kl bf s`bgtukl kfis bf prç-çtlrigtç (fzfb) lt prçhïkl t`utls
ho`sls.
Gb hrçf hls klrigïrls, fgisg qul blurs fvfitfels lt blurs
prçnukghls.
prçnuk ghls. Gb h`i
h`iifét
ifét blurs kçauts lt blurs jgis lt bl
blurs
urs pç
pç
rgpçtgls. Gb lst sfel (ofcàd) kfis X`i Fhtg`i. Gb rçfbgsl lx
hlbblddlit X`i @luvrl, bfqulbbl il h`dp`rtl fuhuil

'f a k f b -q á k g r f b -né b á i à 6<6

6<= B‗
B‗FHHÏX
FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

t‗lxfuhl kfis bl d`dlit lt bl kçbfg prçvu. X‗gb bl vlut agli

h`itrfkghtg`i kfis Xls Fhtg`is. Gé il hrçl rgli
lt sg hlttl ho`sl h`dp`rtl ui fvfitfel p`ur tf vgl ghg afs
k‗gisgeigjgfit ig kl vfgi, h`ddl kfis ui nlu. Gb i‗lst pfs `u p`ur tf vgl juturl. Kfis hl hfs, X`i Kçhrlt lt bf jgi kl
plrdgss kl v`gr kls gdplrjlhtg
plrdg gdpl rjlhtg`is,
`is, ig kl b ‗fhhuslr,
‗fhhuslr , kfis Xls
Fhtls. [u k`gs fttlikrl bl s `ubfeldlit1=
`ubfeldlit1== dîdl sg tu tl bf kurçl prçvul tl s`it pr`pghls.
slis gdpugssfit í fhhlptlr pblgildlit, í ferçlr lt í tl suj Dfgs il b‗fhhusl pfs (kfis bl hfs h`itrfgrl) kl rltfrklr
jgrl kl X`i Fhtl, tu k`gs fttlikrl nusqu‗í hl qul bl tlrdl sf rçp`isl, lt il tl jftgeul pfs kl Bl prglr. Hfr, li jfgt, sg
prçvu s`gt fttlgit. tu il efeils rgli tu il plrks rgli i`i pbus. B`rsqu‗gb il
t‗lxfuhl pfs gddçkgftldlit,
gddçkgftld lit, Gb tl rçh`dplisl1=
rçh`dplisl1=8 içfi
B‗çtft sl trfisj`rdlrf fb`rs li s`i `pp`sç, t`ut h`ddl d`gis pfr bf sugtl.
sugtl. Gb i`us f çtç
çtç rfpp`rt
rfpp`rtçç ku ]r`poïtl
]r`poïtl { X )
hlssl b‗ogvlr lt pr`erlssgvldlit vglit, b‗çtç, `u lih`rl
bl ofkàt futolitgqul sugvfit > « Bl slrv gtlu r vlrrf, fu N`ur
N `ur
h`ddl bf iugt klvglit n`ur. Xg tu lxgels bf hbfrtç ku n`ur
kl bf Qçsurrlhtg`i, kls a`iils fhtg`is (ofsfiát) gishrgtls
fu d`dlit `÷ bl s`gr t`dal, tu il b‗fttlgikrfs pfs. Fu sur s`i bgvrl, lt qu‗gb gei`rl. Gb bug slrf kgt > « Hl s`it bls
h`itrfgrl, bls tçiïarls kl bf iugt gr`it nusqu‗í blur tlrdl h`dplisftg`is kl tls kldfikls k`it bf rçfbgsftg`i i ‗çtfgt
p`urr lisugtl
p`u li sugtl afshubl
afsh ublrr vlrs bf d`itçl
d`it çl kl b‗fual,
b‗fual , lt bf vliul
v liul p` git
gi t prçvul `uvfg s ³ ³.
prçvu l k fis bl d`ikl `÷ tu tl tr `uvfgs
kl bf hbfrtç ku n`ur, qul tu bf kldfikls `u pfs. Xg tu
lxgels fb`rs bl rlt`ur gddçkgft kl bf iugt, tf prgïrl il slrf
pfs lxfuhçl
lxfuh çl hfr tu furfs v`ubu uil ho`sl ho`s l o`rs kl s`i [u k`gs i`tlr qul bf d`gikrl kl tls h`ikgtg`is (spgrg
tldps jgxç. tulbbls), b`rsqul tu bug kldfikls qulbqul ho`sl, h`isgstl
li hl qul tu s`gs kfis bl s`uvligr SljjlhtgjT kl t`i Xlg
Fgisg tu ls bfgssç í tf kçhlptg`i, t`i grrgtftg`i lt tf
eilur, « b‗uigjgfit ³ (duwfogkfi bfou), sfis tl t`urilr
h`ijusg`i. Qlp`sl-t`g kl t`ut hlbf lt fstrlgis-t`g í
vlrs futrl qul Bug, ig h`ijglr t`i als`gi í ui futrl.
çpr`uvlr b‗fhh`rk h`islitg í bf a`iil `pgig`i livlrs t`i
Xlgeilur § § $ lt í bf kgeil pftglihl. Qfpplbbl-t`g qul hl Dfgitlifit, kfis tf iugt lt kfis t`i n`ur, tf sfitç lt tf
qug tl rlvglit il tl slrf pfs ûtç t`ut h`ddl lt hl qug il tl dfbfkgl, t`i fkvlrsgtç lt t`i suhhïs, tf kgjjghubtç lt t`i
rlvglit pfs il tl slrf pfs `htr`yç. fgsl, kfis t`us tls çtfts lt tls d`dlits tu fs bl ho`gx litrl
klux h`ikgtg`is (qug s`it bls sugvfitls) >
]fr df vgl ! tu prgls
prgls lt suppbgls
suppbgls oudabldlit t`i Xlg
eilur 3 hl qug h`istgtul uil fk`rftg`i lt uil `açgs F. - `u agli tu t‗fastglis k‗gdpb`rlr, lt tu fhhlptls bl
sfihl h`ij`rdl í X`i @rkrl 3 slb`i Xf ]fr`bl > kçhrlt 3 li t‗y h`ij`rtfit pblgildlit, t‗fafik`iifit fu erç
« Giv `qu lz-
lz-D`
D` é, n l v`us rçp `ik rfg (lxf uh lrf g) ³1=6 lt Xf
uhlrf kl X`i Fhtl gD] - H`ddl bl d`rt litrl bbls ls dfgis ku bf
]fr`bll > « Kl
]fr`b Kldfdfikl
ikl z í Fb bf o kl Xf jf vl u r ³1=1 lt agli
bfo vlur kl d`rt, `u bl i`urrgss`i litrl bls dfgis kl sf i`ur
k‗futrls vlrslts `u trfkgtg`is ( foaár). [u gdpb`rls lt GG rghl, `u bf afbbl s`us bls h`ups ku dfgbblt ku n`ulur kl p`-

1== « B'ftt litl ku s`ubf eldl it h`istgtu l uil fk` rftg`i ³ (ofkàt). 1=8 « Gb tl rçh`dpl
rçh`dplisl
isl ³ p`ur
p`ur bf a`iil
a`iil Řuvrl
Řuvrl qug
qug f h`isgst
h`isgstçç í Bl
 1=6 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½;=, vlrslt :=. prgl
prglr, rlh`iifétrl h`d dl çtfit bf s`urhl kl t`ut
r, hl qug gdpbgqul kl Bl rlh`iifétrl
agli.
1=1 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i ½;, vlrsl t 81.

6<1 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

'fak fb-qák gr fb-nàbíià 6<8

b`. Bl Kçhrlt kgvgi tl rlt`uril h`ddl GG vlut - X‗gb lst lst

t`uri`is. Xur hlux-bí s`it kls prgïrls (sfbfwát) lt uil
qulstg`i kl aglijfgts, tf rçp`isl h`isgstl li erftgtukl lt
dgsçrgh`rkl kl blur Xlgeilur. Hlux-bí s`it bls agli eug
b`ufiel. Hl qug B‗fdïilrf í tl k`iilr kfvfitfel. H`ddl
kçs ³
³1=
1=?.
Gb bl kgt > « Xg v`us îtls rlh`iifgssfits, nl v`us fn`utlrfg
(kl df jfvlur ) ³1=;. X‗gb lst qulstg`i k‗fkvlrsgtç, fb`rs A. - `u agli (í b‗givlrsl) tu gdpb`rls t`i Xlgeilur kfis
h‗lst bf pftglihl kl tf pfrt lt bf s`udgssg`i fvlh X`i Fh bf prgïrl (ku'á —), h`ishglit kl Xf erfiklur lt h`ij`rdç
h`rk lt X`i Fssgstfihl. (Hfr) kl Xf pfrt g 7 = , vglit bf dlit í X`i @rkrl (kl prglr). Gb y f bí uil dgsl kls ho`sls
Eráhl (sfbát) lt bf Dgsçrgh`rkl, li vlrtu kl sf purl Eçiç í blurs pr`prls pbfhls1=7, uil kçdfrhol trïs nustl. Hfr Bug-
r`sgtç
r`sg tç - H`ddl GG bl kgt > « Hlrtls Fbbfo lst fvlh bls li Dîdl t‗f kldfikç kl b‗gdpb`rlr lt kl rlvligr vlrs Bug'3
kurf its ³1=<. H‗lst-í-kgrl, Gb lst fvlh lux pfr X`i slh`urs jfgsfit kl hlttl kçdfrhol ui fpfgsldlit p`ur t`g, ui dls
lt X`i fjjlrdgssldlit. Lt p`ur X`i slrvgtlur. X`i slh`urs sfelr gitlrdçkgfgrl litrl t`g lt Bug, ui d`yli k‗fhhïs í
h`isgstl í bug vligr li fgkl h`itrl sf ifjs, sf pfssg`i lt s`i Bug.
kgfabl. Í h`ikgtg`i qul tu hlssls kl B‗fhhuslr lt kl t‗grrgtlr
Bl [rïs Ofut kgt > Xg v`us fssgstlz Fbbfo, Gb v`us fs
« h`itrl Bug sg bf rçp`isl tfrkl í vligr, nusqu‗fu tldps prç
sgstl lt GG f jjlr dgt v`s pf s ³1=:. H‗lst-í-kgrl, sg tu fssgstls vu.
Fbbfo li kçs`açgssfit í tf ifjs lt í tf pfssg`i, li hlssfit
H`isgkïrl hls klux h`ikgtg`is lt i‗lssfyl pfs k‗li
kl t‗`pp`slr í Bug lt kl t‗grrgtlr h`itrl X`i Fhtl sl kçr`u
holrholr uil tr`gsgïdl, hfr
hf r lbbl i‗lxgstl pfs.
bfit li t`g. Xg tu h`dafts tf ifjs p`ur Fbbfo, li bf j`ult
tfit, lt hofqul j`gs qu‗lbbl s‗fegtl figdçl pfr s`i gi ]rliks efrkl í il i l pfs îtrl k‗litrl bls • ginustls, bls
hr`yfihl (cujr) lt s`i « fss`hgftg`igsdl ³ (sgrc) tu bug li trfiserlsslurs (kls bgdgtls). Hfr GG tl jlrfgt pçrgr sfis
tfgbbl bf tîtl pfr tf pftglihl, t`i ferçdlit fvlh t`i Xlg qul hlbf Bug gdp`rtl h`ddl GG b‗f jfgt p`ur bls h`ddu
eilur, tf sçrçigtç livlrs X`i Fhtl lt Xf ]r`dlssl (sg k`ih ifutçs pfssçls kfis hl d`ikl pfr b‗gitlisgjghftg`i kls
tu tl h`dp`rtls kl bf s`rtl), Gb t‗fssgstlrf. F pr`p`s kl bf dfbolurs lt kfis W futrl pfr bf s`ujjrfihl lxtrîdl.
« sfbát
sfb át lt kl bf dgs
dgsçrg
çrgh`r
h`rkl
kl ³1=
³1=5, Gb kgt > « Fi
Fii`i
i`ihl
hl bf
a`iil i`uvlbbl
i`uvl bbl fux likurfits
likurf its qug b`rs qu‗ui dfbolur
dfbo lur bls
1=? Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1-, vlrslt 6<:-6<5.
fttlgit kgslit > « I` us s`dd ls í F bbfo, lt í Bu g i`us
i `us rl-
1=7 H‗lst bf kçjgigtg`i kl bf Nustghl. B‗ginustghl lt bf tyrfiigl
h`isgstlit í gitlrvlrtgr b‗`rkrl kls ho`sls. Gb li rçsubtl bf suavlrsg`i.
Hl kgsh`urs sl tlrdgil pfr b‗çv`hftg`i kl bf h`isçqulihl jgifbl kl
1=; Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½65, vlrslt 5. b‗ginustghl.
1=< Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1, vlrslt 6<8.
1=: Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½;5, vlrslt 5.

1=5 @i v`gt agli qul bf « sfb át ³ k‗Fbbfo i‗lst pfs bf « Dgsçrg

h`rkl ³ h`ddl b‗`it fjjgrdç kls h`ddlitftlurs lx`tçrgstls, sgi`i lb
bls il slrfglit pfs dlitg`iiçls lisldabl kfis bl vlrslt, hfr bl Vur‗ái
lst t`un`urs h`ihgs lt prçhgs.

[rlitl hgiqugïdl kgsh`urs >

Ku shrupubl (wfrá )

Qlsplhtl (bf rïebl ku) shrupubl, futrldlit bf plrtl

s‗fttfhol í t`i h`u sfis qul tu pugssls nfdfgs y çhofpplr.
Í d`gis qu
qu‗‗Fbbáo il tl h`uvrl kl Xf Dgsçrgh`rkl.
66 f çtç çtfabg
çtfabg qul bl ]r`p
]r`poïtl
oïtl ( X ) f kgt > « Bl s`utgli
s`utgl i
kl bf vgl trf kgtg`iilbbl (kài) lst bl shrupubl (wf rá‗
rá‗)) lt sf
rugil lst kfis b ‗fvgkgtç ( tfdf h). Vugh`iqul rûkl fut`ur
k ‗ui prç efrkç rgsqul j` rt k ‗y ldpgçtlr,
ldpgçtlr, t`ut h`ddl ui
figdfb ar`utfit í pr`xgdgtç gddçkgftl k ‗ui hofdp
hubtgvç f kl j`rtls hofihls kl il pfs çpfreilr bls
hçrçfbls ³ .
@i rfpp`rtl k'Faò Afcr fs-Xgkkàq '(bl vçrgkgqul) (-ç9)
hl pr`p`s > « I`us
I` us çvgtg`is
çvgtg` is s`gxf itlPkgx
itlP kgx p`rtls
p` rtls pf
pfrd
rdgg bls

dîdl bl prgihl kls hr`yfits, r\dfr Gai fb-Ofttáa ³ Klf

ho`sls plrdgsls kl hrfgitl kl t`dalr kfis bl pçhoç

kgt > « I`u s çvgtg`is

çvgtg `is bls iluj-k gxgïd l ku bghgtl kl pl ur kl
t`dalr kfis b ‗gbbghgtl ³. \s `it feg fgisg pfr shrupubl, kl
hrfgitll k‗fppr`holr b‗gbb
hrfgit b‗gbbghgtl
ghgtl - gbs sugvgrlit li hlbf bf
pfr`bl
pfr` bl sugvfit
sugvfitll ku ]r`p
]r`poïtl
oïtl HO) > « [`ut r`g p`ssïkl ui
pr ç efr kç (ofdé) lt bl tlrrfgi efr kç k ‗Fbb fo s`it s`i t bls
ho`sls qu ‗Gb
‗Gb f gitlrkgtls. Hlbug qug s ‗fttfrkl
‗fttfrkl fut`ur ku p rç
 rgsqull j`r t k y ldpgçtlr ³.
rgsqu
Dfgitlifit, (slb`i uil futrl gdfel), hlbug qug litrl fu
hoátlfu ku r`g, lt kçpfssl bf prldgïrl p`rtl, pugs bf
kluxgïdl lt lijgi bf tr`gsgïdl nusqu‗í pfrvligr fu slugb
gitçrglur, lst kfis uil dlgbblurl p`sgtg`i qul hlbug qug
s‗frrîtl klvfit bf prldgïrl p`rtl, rlstfit lih`rl fu h`itfht
kl bf ifturl livgr`iifitl. Fgisg sg bf tr`gsgïdl p`rtl sl rl-

6<: B‗FHHÏX f u dystïrl

jlrdl klvfit bug, gb sl tr`uvlrf lih`rl klrrgïrl klux p`rtls

[rlitl-sgxgïdl kgsh`urs >
ku hoátlfu fvlh, klrrgïrl bug, bls efrkls ku r`g lt sls fr
dçls. Dfgs hlbug qug rlstl í bf prldgïrl p`rtl, s‗gb v`gt
hlttl klrigïrl sl rljlrdlr (klvfit bug), sl rltr`uvl í
b‗lxtçrglur ku hoátlfu `÷ bls b`ups `u bls liildgs p`ur Lxp`sç kl bf kgjjçrlihl litrl hl
rfglit bl sfgsgr, hfusfi t sf plrtl.
d`ikl lt b‗futrl lt kl bf h`ikugtl
Gb li vf kl dîdl p`ur hlbug qug fvfihl kfis bf v`gl li
s‗fstrlgeifit fux klv`grs bls pbus b`urks Hfzá‗gd)1'=. X‗gb í sugvrl í blur çefrk
sl tr`uvl dfiqulr kl b ‗fssgstfih
‗fssgstfihll kl bf eráhl ( tfwjgq) lt kl
bf s`bbghgtukl kgvgil, gb t`dal kfis bf hftçe`rgl k‗fhtls

lih`rl fhhlptçs h`ddl çtfit vfbfabls ( rujgfs )1i, sfis
s`rtgr ku hlrhbl kl bf B`g sfhrçl. Xg bf d`rt suregt lt bl
prlik,
prli k, gb lst kfis b‗çtft k ‗`açgssf ihl lt gb bug lst rlik u
tçd`geifel kl sls dlgbblurls fhtg`is.
]fr h`itrl, hlbug qug k‗ldabçl s‗li tglit fux
« plrdgssg`is 99 ( ruofs) sfis ldp`geilr bls klv`grs bls
pbus b`urk s (' fzá‗gd) 3 qul bf eráhl hlssl kl b‗fssgstlr, gb
t`dal kgrlhtldlit fu p`uv`gr kl bf pfssg`i lt kls kçsgrs
kl bf ifjs t`uhofit í b‗gbbghgtl, s`rt ku hlrhbl kl bf B`g lt
rln`git bf h`dpfeigl kls kçd`is, kls liildgs k‗Fbbfo
qug lrrlit b`gi kls v`gls kl bf a`iil kgrlhtg`i. Xg bf
d`rt bl sfgsgt kfis hlt çtft, fvfit s`i rlplitgr ( tfwaf), gb
lst plrku. F d`gis qu‗Fbbáo il bl h`uvrl kl Xf
Dgsçrgh`rkl lt kl Xf Jfvlur.
Bl kfielr rçsgkl kfis bl jfgt kl s‗li tligr fux « plrdgs
sg`is ³, lt t`utl bf sfuvlefrkl lst fvlh bls klv`grs bls pbus
fstrlgeifits ( 'fzá‗gd). Lt Fbbfo eugkl kfis bf nustl v`gl.
Jfgs kl tf vgl « juturl ³ t`i « hfpgtfb ³ lt kl bf vgl kl hl
d`ikl161t`i « açiçjghl ³. ]fssl t`i tldps li prg`rgtç p`ur
b‗`atlitg`i kl tf vgl « juturl ³ (áogrf ). ]ugs, s‗gb tl rlstl ku
tldps `hhupl-bl p`ur hl d`ikl lt kfis bf rlholrhol kl tf
suasgstfihl. Dfgs il jfgs pfs kl tf vgl k‗ghg-afs t`i
« hfpgtfb ³, lt kl b‗futrl vgl « t`i açiçjghl ³, kl s`rtl qul
sg tu tr`uvls ui plu kl tldps bgarl, tu tl t`urils vlrs tf vgl
juturl, lt qul tu y fhh`dpbgssls tls hgiq prgïrls, li bls rç
uigssfit oátgvldlit, sfis rlsplht kls pgbglrs ku rgtl, sfis
gihbgiftg`is lt pr`stlriftg`is (h`rrlhtls) lt sfis tldps
k‗gdd`a
k‗gd d`agbgtç
gbgtç slrlgi
s lrlgill litrl
li trl lbbl s1
s16
68.* @u lih`rl qul
161 Bgttçr fbld lit « tf kuiyá ³ trfkugtl ghg pfr « bf vg l kl hl
d`ikl ³, p`ur il pfs çhrgrl « tf vgl prçslitl ³ lt fgisg rgsqulr
k‗lijlrdlr bl blhtlur kfis bf h`dprçolisg`i ofagtulbbl qug livgsfel
slubldlit uil rlbftg`i kl suhhlssg`i tldp`rlbbl litrl bls klux vgls
(b‗fhtulbbl lt bf juturl). Gb lst vrfg qul Áogrf lst rlikul pfr « vgl ju
turll ³, dfgs gb y f kls eu gbbldlts « Áogrf ³ sgeigjgl bgttçrfbldlit
tur

« klrigïrl ³ lt h`ihlril bf jgifbgtç... H‗lst b‗F\[QL vgl. Hj. bf i`tl

16= 'Fzá‗gd > pburglb kl hfzàdf qug sgeigjgl kçhgsg`i jlrdl. Gb s‗fegt
ghg kl ho`gsgr p`ur sls rgtls, bls jfå`is kl jfgrl bls pbus lxgelfitls.
166 Quofs > pburglb kl dosf qug sgeigjgl plrdgssg`i. Bf B`g prçv`gt
kls fbbçeldlits `u kls jfhgbgtçs kfis bf dfigïrl k‗fhh`dpbgr bls kl
v`grs gdp`sçs pfr Fbbfo fux hr`yfits.
i½66<.
168 Li ljjlt bf « ]rgïrl ³ k`gt îtrl fhh`dpbgl kfis ui çtft gitçrglur
kl sçrçigtç lt kl h`ihlitrftg`i. Bls « pgbglrs ku rgtl ³ s`it kls çbç
dlits (pfr`bls, elstls, lt fttlitg`i) qug bl h`dp`slit lt k`it
b‗`dgssg`i Sdîdl p`ur ui slub k‗litrl luxT givfbgklrfgt bf prgïrl rg
tulbbl.

6<? B‗FHHÏX f u dystïrl 'f a k f b -q á k g r f b -n Gb í i G 6<7

t‗fhhfabl bf jftgeul kl bf h`ursl p`ur hl d`ikl lt qul tu B`rsqul tu `açgs í Fbbfo, Gb tl k`iil kfvfitfel li hl
t‗lik`rd ls li il « rfttrfpfit ³16; dîdl p fs tls prgïrls ! d`ikl lt pfr tf rlholrhol kl b‗futrl vgl tu ls k‗litrl bls
Fgisg tu slrfgs ui hfkfvrl, uil hofr`eil plikfit bf iugt, lt çbus k‗Fbbfo ;òC lt kls elis kl X`i Xlrvghl lt kl X`i
ui jfitûdl ku rfit bl n`ur 3 `açgssfit
`açgssfit slrvgbldlit í tf ifjs, Fd`ur. B‗futrl vgl t‗lst fhqugsl, bfqulbbl lst bl ]frfkgs lt
tf pfssg`i lt t`i kgfabl 3 tu vlikrfgs p`ur bl prgx kl tf vgl bl « v`gsgifel ³ k‗Fbbfo Kl pbus hl d`ikl-hg sl dlt
k‗ghg afs, tf vgl juturl, í bf ifjs k`it tu slrfgs t`g-dîdl í t`i slrvghl. Bf pfrt qu‗gb t‗li f `htr`yç vglit í t`g. Li
klvliu bf d`iturl. ljjlt, t`ut li hl d`ikl lst sua`rk`iiç í s`i Hrçftlur lt
@r tu fs rlåu b‗`rkrl kl bf holvfuholr, kl b‗fjjgilr lt kl Xlgeilur, h‗lst-í-kgrl í Fbbfo Xg tu t‗`hhupls lxhbu
b‗lxlrhlr, p`ur pfrh`urgr fvlh lbbl bl holdgi kl bf sfuvl sgvldlit kl hl d`ikl li t‗çhfrtfit (kl bf rlholrhol) kl
efrkl. Lbbl slrf fb`rs bl holvfb kl rfhl kl b‗futrl vgl lt b‗futrl vgl, bl Xlgeilur (Qfa a ) sl jáhol h`itrl t`g. B‗futrl
b‗`açgssfihl dîdl í s`i Xlgeilur (dfwbá ) «jjgb*. [u fs çtç d`ikl t‗çhofppl lt hlbug-hg sl rlalbbl, klvglit pçigabl, lt
ginustl livlrs tf ifjs pfr t`i h`islitldlit í sls kçsgrs lt t‗çpugsl kfis b‗`atlitg`i kl tf pfrt fbb`uçl 3 h`isçqulihl
n`ugssf
n`u gssf ihl s, pfr tf h`dpbghgtç
h`d pbghgtç fvlh lbbl, s`i kgfabl
kgfa bl lt sf kl bf h`bïrl k‗Fbbfo í t`i sunlt ! Hfr hl d`ikl lst Xf
pfssg`i.
pfss g`i. Bl A gli kl hl d`i kl l t kl b ‗futrl t ‗f çhofppç.
çhofp pç. Fu pr`p rgçtç. Gb fafgssl
fafgss l hlbug qug Bug kçs
kçs`açg
`açg t lt o `i`rl
`i` rl hlbug
N`ur kl bf Qçsurrlhtg`i, tu tl tr`uvls bl pbus kçduig kl qug Bug `açgt. Bf pfr`bl ku ]r`po ïtl lst fgisg vçrg
t`us. ]fr tf slrvgbgtç í s`i çefrk, tu i‗fs pfs `atliu pbus jgç l > « Hl d`ikl-hg lt b ‗futrl s`it h`ddl klux h`
qul bf pfrt fbb`uçl (kl t`ut tldps) kfis hl d`ikl. Xg tu çp`usls, sg tu sftgsjfgs b ‗uil,
uil, b ‗futrl sl jáhol rf h `itrl
b‗fvfgs dliçl sur bl holdgi kl b‗futrl vgl, (sg tu) li fvfgt t`g ³.
jfgt t`i « hfpgtfb ³, tu furfgs efeiç hl d`ikl-hg lt b‗futrl. Fbbf o kgt > « ]frdg v`us, gb y li f qug vlublit hl

[f pfrt kfis
fgsfihl. hl d`ikl
[u lussls çtç tl slrfgt lt
pr`tçeç pfrvliul sfis
jfv`rgsç. trfhfs,b‗f
H`ddl fvlh
kgt d`ikl
bls jgbs lt
kl k‗futrls qug vlublit
hl afs d`ikl b‗futrl
lt bls jgbs ³16<. HlLxf
d`ikld`ikl.
kl b‗futrl s`it
bl ]r`poïtl
]r`poïtl ( X ) > « Fbbf o k`iil kl hl d`ik l slb`i dgil agli kl qulb er`upl tu jfgs pfrtgl.
Zgitlitg`i qul b ‗`i f h`ihlrifit ZFutrl, dfgs GG il k`iil
Fu N`ur kl bf Qçsurrlhtg`i, gb y furf çefbldlit klux
pf s b futrl d`i kl slb`i b gitlitg`i rlbftgvl í hl d`ik l
hg ³. H`ddlit li slrfgt-gb futrldlit, fb`rs qul b‗gitlitg`i
er`upls > « \i er`upl kfis bl ]frfkgs, ui futrl li li
kl b‗futrl d`ikl h`isgstl li b‗`açgssfihl í Fbbfo 0 @r jl r ³16:.
b‗gitlitg`i (igyyf) lst b‗lsprgt ( ròo ) qug figdl bls Řuvrls \i er`upl slrf kla`ut p`ur bf rlkkgtg`i kls h`dptls,
k‗fk`rftg`i lt blur lsslihl dîdl. bfqulbbl f bglu li ui « n`ur ³ k`it bf kurçl lst kl hgiqufitl
dgbbl fiiçls tlrrlstrls h`ddl bl [rïs-Ofut b‗f kgt.
\i futrl er`upl slrf í b‗`darl ku [rûil kgvgi, h`ddl
i`us li gij`rdf bl ]r`poïtl > « Z`us
Z`us slrlz, fu N`ur
16; « Q
Qfttrfp
fttrfplr
lr ³, h‗lst s‗fhqugttl
s‗fhqugttlrr kls prgïrls k`it bl tldps lst kçní
pfssç. ]rftgqul plrdgsl pfr bf nurgspruklihl, kfis bl hfs
k‗gdp`ssgagbgtç kl s‗fhqugttlr kl sf prgïrl kfis bl tldps prçvu í hlt
ljjlt. Dfgs li prgihgpl bf prgïrl k`gt îtrl fhh`dpbgl kfis s`i tldps 168 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1, vlrslt 6<6.
pr`prl... 16: Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½;1, vlrslt 5.

6:= B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL 'f ak f b -q á k gr f b - n àb á ià 6:6

kl bf Qçsurrlhtg`i, í b ‗`darl ku [rûil

[rûil,, fu t`ur kl tfabls `it gii` vç bl d`if hogsd l 3 i`us il blur
blu r fvg`is p` git
gi t
slrvgls fvlh bls dlts bls pbus kçbghglux, t`utls s`rtls kl prl shr gt hlbf ³
1
6X
.
dglbb p bus abfi h qul bf ilgel ³ H`ddl gb lst
jru gts lt ku dgl
rfpp`rtç kfis ui futrl ofkàt > « Gbs rlef rkli t b lurs p bfh ls ]fr fgbblurs, Fbbfo bug-dîdl f kçhbfrç X`i ]r`
(dfiázgb) kfis bl ]frfkgs. Lt b`rsqul bf rlkkgtg`i kls
poïtl pur lt sfis táhol, fu-klssus
fu-kl ssus ku dlis`ie
dli s`iell lt kl bf
h`dptls kls hrçfturls prlik jgi, gbs litrlit fu ]frfkg]frfkgs.s. jfussltç. Li ljjlt, Gb kçhbfrl (fu sunlt kl X`i Li
Fbb fi t iftu rlbbl
rlbbldli
dli t vlrs blurs kld kldlurl
lurlss (dfi ázgb ) v`yç) > « Gb i l pr`j
pr`jïrl
ïrl rgli qug vgliil kl bf pfssg`i . Hlbf
h`ddl bl jlrf gt uil plrs`iil sl kgrgelfit vlrs sf dfgs`i i ‗lst qu ‗uil rçvçbf tg`i qug fkvg lit kfis sls pr` p`s ³1
³1'7
'7.
kfis hl d`ikl-hg ³. H‗lst-í-kgrl « hl qu‗gb v`us h`dduigqul vglit li rçfbgtç
kl D`g, lt i`i kl sf pfssg`i lt kl bug dîdl, sugvlz-bl
k`i@it-gbs
kl hlfttlgit hl prgvgbïel
afs d`ikl lt blurfutrldlit
s`uhg klqul
bf pfr blur fafi
rlholrhol kl k`ih ³. ]ugs GG «j®# kgt (pfr bf a`uhol kl s`i ]r`poïtl)11=>
« Xg v`us d ‟fgdlz, sugvlz-d`g, Fbbfo v`us fgdlrf ³116. Gb
b‗futrl vgl, h`ddl ku Xlgeilur (dfwbá ) 0 lt hlux kl d`itrf hbfgrldlit fgisg qul bf v`gl kl X`i fd`ur h`isgstl
b‗futrl er`upl, s`it-gbs t`daçs kfis bf rlkkgtg`i kls h`dp
í sugvrl (X`i ]r`poïtl) kfis bls pfr`bls lt bls fhtls. Bl
tls lt t`utls s`rtls kl kgjjghubtçs lt k‗oudgbgftg`is futrl
dlit qul pfr blur prç`hhupftg`i (lxfeçrçl) lt blur fvgkgtç ]r`poïtl {$&) f kgt> « B ‗fhqugsgtg`i (gctgsáa)1
(gctgsáa)11
11 lst d`i
kl hl afs d`ikl 3 blur fastlitg`i (kl bf rlholrhol) kl h`dp` rtldlit (s uiifté)1
uiifté)11
18 lt bf rldgsl kl s fjjfgrls í Fbbfo
b‗futrl vgl, b‗gikgjjçrlihl í s`i sunlt lt b‗`uabg ku N`ur kl
bf Qçsurrlhtg`i 0
Gbs s`it gifttlitgjs í hl qul slrf blur s`rt, blqulb p`ur
16? Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½<5, vlrslt 15.
tfit lst rfpplbç kfis bl Bgvrl lt bf Xuiif.
167 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½< 8, vlr slt 8;.
]`rtl sur tf ifjs ui rlefrk kl dgsçrgh`rkl lt kl h`d
11= Hj. bf i`tl i½b :6.
pfssg`i.
pfssg `i. Ho`gsgs
Ho` gsgs p`ur
p`u r lbbl
lbb l bl dlgbblur
dlgbb lur er`upl,
er`u pl, lt çb`ge
çb `geil-b
il-bff
kls pfr`bls dfbgeils vlifit kls kgfabls, kls o`ddls lt 116 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½8, v lrsl t 8=.
kls ngi i - s. Jfgs ku Bgvrl lt kl bf Xuiif t`i eugkl (gdfd). 111 H‗lst b‗fhtg`i k‗fhquçrgr. Hj. bf i`tl i½:1 sur bl Cfsa.
Dçkgtl blurs lislgeildlits lt dlts-bls li Řuvrl kfis tf
118 Bgttçrfbldl it > Df « Xuiif ³ (df v`gl trfkgtg`iilbbl) qug lst
vgl. Il s`gs pfs tr`dpç pfr t`utls s`rtls kl pr`p`s lt kl
s`uvlit trfkugt pfr bf h`utudl ku ]r`poïtl hl qug kçprçhgl bf rçfbgtç
s`ttgsls. Fbbfo ;®# kgt > « Hl qul b‗Liv`yç v`us fpp`rtl, kl bf ho`sl. Gb il s‗fegt ig k‗uil ofagtukl, ig k‗uil suplrstgtg`i, « hfr
prl ilz -bl 3 hl qu ‗gb v`us gitlrkgt, fastli lz-v` us-l i, lt
hrfge ilz Fbbfo ³165. Il bug kçs`açgsslz pfs li fafik`i t`ut
dlithlsuprf-oudfgi.
qug lst k‗`rkrl
Bf trfkgtg`iilb
h`utudl, fugdpbgqul
h`itrfgrl,lsslitglbbldlit ui çbç
lst qulbqul ho`sl kl
ifit bls Řuvrls qu‗gb f prlshrgtls p`ur ho`gsgr p`ur v`us- purldlit oudfgi, s`gt pfr kçeçiçrlshlihl, s`gt kïs s`i `rgegil
dîdl ³. Qliç Euçi`i, Gigtgftg`i lt rçfb gsftg`i spgrgt ulbbl hofpgtrl ;).
dîdl kls Řuvrls lt kls fk`rftg`is. H`ddl Fbbfo ;XG) bl
kgt, í pr`p`s kls elis çefrçs o`rs kl bf a`iil v`gl > « Gbs Bl blhtlur plrhlvrf pfr hlttl rldfrqul b‗gdp`rtfihl kl bf Xuiif kl
Xfyygkuiá Duofddfk
Xfyygkuiá Duofddfk ( ò ), slubl k‗litrl
k‗litrl t`utls
t`utls hlbbls kls pr`poïtls
pr`poïtls
í îtrl h`islrvçl kfis sf t`tfbgtç, dîdl sg lbbl klvrfgt îtrl b‗`anlt kl bf
quîtl jlrvlitl ku hr`yfit, qug il k`gt pfs s‗li rldlttrl kçjgigtgvldlit
165
Vur
Vur‗ái
‗ái,, s`urftl i½< 7, vlrs lt 5. fu slub h`ij`rdgsdl, ig fux `pgig`is j`ikçls sur kls gkçls rlåuls.

6:1 b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l 'fak fb-qákgr fb-nébáià 6:8

(tfwfccub) lst d`i çtft gitçrglur (oíbwftà) ³ [glis-t`g I`us i ‗fv`is p` git k ‗futrl ]]r`p
r`poïtl
oïtl qul bug, ig ui Bg
k`ih litrl sf Xuiif lt s`i çtft gitçrglur (h`ddl çtfit bls vrl futrl qul bl Vur‗ái qug i`us kghtlit i`trl h`ikugtl.
d`kïbls í sugvrl). (Xgi`i) tf pfssg`i lt bl kgfabl t‗çefrlrfglit
t‗çefrlrfglit - (H`ddl) Fb
bfo kgt > « Il su gs pf s bf pfss g`i
g`i,, hf
hfrr lbbl t ‗çefrlr fgt
Xg tf j`g lst jfgabl, (gdgtl) « J fhqugsgtg`i ³, sg p fr
kl bf v`gl k ‗Fbbf o ³11
³117.
h`itrl lbbl s‗fhhr`ét (gdgtl) s`i çtft gitçrglur, blqulb
h`isgstl li tfwfccub - Fbbfo $ $ $ kgt > « L t í Fbbfo rldlt Bf sçhurgtç sl tr`uvl fvlh bl Bgvrl lt bf Xuiif, bf plrtl
tlz-v`us t`tfbldlit (tfwfccfbu) sg v`us îtls (rçlbbldlit) fvlh hl qug blur lst çtrfielr.
hr`yfits ³11;. lt ss g > « Hlbug qug s‗li rldlt í Fbbfo,
l t fu ssg H‗lst pfr blur d`yli qul bl slrvgtlur s‗çbïvl fux çtfts
Hlbug-hg bug sujjgt ³11< `u lih` rl 3 « Hlrtls, Fbbfo fgdl
lih`rl
kl wgbáyf, afkfbgyyf lt efwtgyyf18=.
hlux qug s ‗li rldlttlit li h`ijgfihl í Bu g ³ ³11
11:1
.
5
1
Lt Fbbfo lst pbus sfvfit !
Gb t‗f k`iiç bl tfwfccub lt tl bl rfpplbbl gistfddlit,
t`ut h`ddl GG Jf jfgt p`ur s`i ]r`poïtl ;®), bug lin`g
eifit > « Ql dl ts- li t`g
t` g í F bbf o ³ ( tfw fccf
fc cfbb hfb á Fbb fo )11
)116.
@açgs í Fbbfo kfis hl qu‗gb tl kldfikl h`ihlrifit tls fh
tls, hfr pfr lux-dîdls gbs s`it sfis vfblur. Bl ]r`poïtl
g bD} f kgt > « Hlbug qug fhh`dpbgt ui fhtl li klo`rs kl i`
trl h`ddfikldlit, sl bl vlrrf rljusç ³. Hlhg s‗fppbgqul í
bf rlholrhol kls aglis (rgzq) (dftçrglbs lt spgrgtulbs)
h`d dl í b ‗lisld
‗lisldabl
abl kls fhtls lt kls pf r`bl s1
s11
1?.

Bf Z`gl, bf tfràqf, h‗lst bf Xuiif Duofrfdfkgliil. Dfgs p`ur çvg

tlr bls dfblitlikus p`ssgabls, gb lst plut-îtrl utgbl kl rfpplblr ghg hlttl
kçhbfrftg`i kl Fau Wfzék fb-Agstfdg (hgtçl pfr Xugfdg kfis Bf buhg kg
tç gdpbf hfabl, trfkuhtg`i pfr Q`elr Klbfkrgïrl kl B ‗çpétr l kls o`d
dls ku abád l) > « Bls elis hr`glit qul bl holdgi qug dïil í Kglu lst
pbus hbfgr lt pbus h`iiu qul bl s`blgb, lt d`g, t`ut hl qul nl Bug kl
dfikl, h‗lst qu‗gb d‗li fhh`rkl il slrfgt-hl qul b‗çqugvfblit k‗uil
117 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½8?, vlrslt 1:.
tîtl k‗fgeugbbl ³.
1
11
1; Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i½<, vlrsl t 18. 18= Bf sfgitltç, bf qufbgtç kl suastgtut, (hj. bf i`tl i½6?), bf qufbgtç
kl « slh`urs ³, (hj. bf i`tl i½8?1).
11< Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½:<, vlrslt 8.
1
11
1: Vur‗á
Vur‗ái,
i, s`urftl i½8, vl rslt 6<?.
115 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½8, vlrslt 6<7.

11? Bls pfr`bls h`istgtulit lbbls-dîdls ui elirl pfrtghubglr

k‗fhtls.

[rlitl-slptgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl bf h`ikfdiftg`i kl b‗livgl
lt kl b‗`rkrl kl b‗fafik`iilr

]`urqu`g tl v`gs-nl, û hr`yfit, livglux kl t`i v`gsgi

(fu sunlt kl sf i`urrgturl, sf a`gss`i, s`i vîtldlit, sls
çp`usls, s`i ofagtftg`i, sf n`ugssfihl kl bf j`rtuil lt kl
t`us bls aglijfgts kl s`i Xlgeilur kl bf pfrt fbb`uçl
qug bug rlvglit li pr`prl 0 Il sfgs-tu pfs qul hlbf fjjfgabgt
tf j`g, tl kçh`isgkïrl fux ylux kl t`i Xlgeilur ;òC lt tl
rlik kçtlstfabl í Bug 0
I
I‗fs-tu
‗fs-tu p`gi t litliku
litli ku bl ofkgt qul b‗`i rfpp`rtl ku
]r`poïtl ;®) > « Fb bfo f kgt, kfis uil k ls ]]fr`bl
fr`bl s q u ‗gb f
fkrlssçl f ux o`dd ls > b ‗livglux lst b ‗liildg kl D`i
aglijfgt ³0 I‗fs-tu p`git litliku bf pfr`bl sugvfitl ku
]r`poïtl
]r`po ïtl ;X ) > « B ‗livgl kçv`rl bls dçrgt ls kós fux a`i
ils fhtg`is h`ddl bl jlu kçv`rl bl a`gs ³.
Lt pugs, p`ur qulbbl rfgs`i çtfgs-tu livglux (kl t`i v`g
sgi) û dfbolurlux 0 Lst-hl ku jfgt kl sf pfrt pr`prl `u
agli kl bf tgliil 0 Xg h ‗lst p `ur sf pfrt,
p frt, qu
qu‗‗Fbbfo bug f fb
b`uçl slb`i Xf ]fr`bl « I` us fv` is kgst rga uç pf rd g lu x
blurs d`ylis kl suasgstfihl kfis bf vgl kl hl afs
d`ikl ³18R fb`rs tu ls ginustl
ginus tl livlrs bug. Z`gbí
Z `gbí ui o`ddl
o`d dl
qug pr`jgtl ku aglijfgt qul s`i Xlgeilur bug f erfhglusl
dlit `htr`yç lt klstgiç, lt qug il plut rlvligr í iub futrl
qul bug. Vug, kfis hls h`ikgtg`is, p`urrfgt îtrl pbus ginustl,
dlsqugi, s`t lt kçjghglit kfis s`i nueldlit, qul t`g 0 Xg

18
186
6
Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½;8 , vlrslt 81.

6:: B‗FHHÏX f u d y s t ï r l
'FAK FB-VÁKGQ FB-NÀBÁIÀ 6:5

pf
pfrr h`itrl, h‗lst p`
p`ur
ur tf pr`
pr`prl
prl pfrt qul tu b ‗livgls, tu tç
d`geils bí kl b‗lxtrîdl gei`rfihl. Li ljjlt, tf pfrt il h`itrfgrl í b‗« fshçtgsdl ³18;, í bf s`argçtç, fu h`itlitl
plutt fppfrtli
plu fpp frtli gr í ui futrl, ig îtrl trfisjçrç
trfi sjçrçll nus qu ‗í bug. F dlit kl hl qul b‗`i f (zuok ). ]`urrfgt-`i h`ihlv`gr ui
kglu il pbfgsl ! Fbbfo kgt > « Bf pf r`bl
r` bl (lxgstli
(lxg stli - o`ddl pbus s`t lt gei`rfit 0
tgftrgh
tgft rghl)
l) il hofi el pfs
p fs fuprïs
fup rïs kl D`g, lt Nl il sugs p fs Kl pbus, sg tu sfvfgs, û dfbolurlux, qulbbl rlkkgtg`i kl
ginustl livlrs bls slrvgtlurs ³181. Fbbfo il rgsqul p`git kl h`dptls vf likurlr t`i v`gsgi, fu N`ur kl bf Qçsurrlhtg`i,
tl bçslr li k`iifit
k` iifit tf pfrt í ui futrl.
futrl. fu hfs `÷ gb i‗furfgt pfs `açg í Fbbfo lt i‗furfgt pfs k`iiç
]lislr fgisg h`istgtul uil gei`rfihl kl tf pfrt lt uil s`i kó p`ur bls rgholssls k`it GG bug f h`ijgç bf elstg`i.
ginustghl livlrs t`i jrïrl. àb slrfgt prçjçrfabl p`ur t`g X‗gb i‗f pfs pr`jgtç kls jfhgbgtçs `htr`yçls p`ur dglux sl
k‗livglr hlttl tlrrl, dgil kls trçs`rs lt kls rgholssls li h`isfhrlr í X`i fk`rftg`i, gb s`uofgtlrf i‗fv`gr nfdfgs rgli
j`ugls kl t`utls s`rtls > `r, frelit `u kl pglrrls prçhglusls rlåu kl t`ut hlbf, ig s‗îtrl rçn`ug il jussl qu‗ui slub n`ur.
qu‗`it fdfssçs bls r`gs kls tldps fihglis, tlbs qul hÁk I
I‗fs-tu
‗fs-tu k`ih pfs litliku
litl iku hl qug
q ug i`us lst rfpp`rtç
rfpp `rtç kfis bl
(« plupbl kl ³), [fdòk (« plupbl kl ³), Cgsrá lt Vfysfr188, ofkàt sugvfit > « Fu N`u r kl bf Qçsurrlhtg`i , hlrtfgis s`u
 ofgtlr`it qul blur h ofgr s`gt kçhogqultçl pfr kls tlifgbbls,
tlifgbbls,
pbu tût qul hlbbl kl t`i v`gsg
v`gsgii (hr`yf
(hr`yfit
it `u kçafuh
kçafuhoç).
oç). Hl
í hfusl kl hl qu‗gbs vlrr`it kls rçh`dplisls `jjlrtls í
qug plut sl tr`uvlr kl rgholssl kfis bf dfgs`i kl t`i v`g
sgi, il plut îtrl qu‗uil trïs gijgdl pfrtgl kl hl qug lxgstl hlux qug `it likurç bls dfbolurs ³.
kfis bf tlrrl kl hls p`tlitfts. [`i v`gsgi livglrf tf h`ikgtg`i kfis hl d`ikl, b`rs
]fr b‗livgl qul tu çpr`uvls fu sunlt kl t`i v`gsgi, tu qu‗gbr hgiqufit
p`u rçfbgslrf
hgiq ufitllbfdgbbl
d b`ieulur kl s`i
gbbl fis s`us b‗frkgitlrr`eft`grl,
b‗frklur
lur ku sf N`
k u s`blgb fu stftg`i
ur kl
rlssldabls í ui o`ddl v`yfit ui r`g fvlh sf pugssfihl,
sls frdçls, sf h`ur lt s`i r`yfudl, prçblvfit kls gdpûts bf Qçsurrlhtg`i. [`ut hlbf li h`isçqulihl kls aglijfgts
lt n`ugssfit kl t`us bls aglijfgts lt pbfgsgrs lt il b‗livgfit k`it gb s‗lst rçn`ug kfis bl afs d`ikl. ]fr h`itrl, tu slrfs,
pfs p `ur
`u r futfit
fu tfit ! Dfgs qug, v`yfit
v`y fit ui
u i hogli
ho gli lrrf it pfrdg
pf rdg bf t`g, í J çhfrt kl hlttl t`rturl, s`us b‗`darl
b‗`da rl pr`tlhtrghl ku
dlutl ku r`g, rlhlvfit kls rlstls kl rlpfs kl bf tfabl ku [rûil, `hhupç í dfielr lt í a`grl, olurlux lt rlp`sç, li
r`g, sl dlt í b‗livglr lt í bl kçtlstlr, s`uofgtfit bl v`gr rçh`dplisl kl tf pftglihl klvfit bls kgjjghubtçs, bl kç
d`urgr lt prlikrl sf pbfhl. Z`gbí qug lst vgb lt afs lt iuldlit lt bls trfhfsslrgls kl t`utls s`rtls likurçls li hl
afs d`ikl.
d `ikl.
Kl dîdl tu h`iifétrfs bf sftgsjfhtg`i lt b‗fppr`aftg`i
ku kçhrlt kl t`i Xlgeilur $6 # qug kçhgkf kl tf pfuvrltç
pfuvrltç lt
kl bf rgholssl k‗futrug, kl tf dfbfkgl lt kl bf a`iil sfitç
181 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½<=, vlrslt 17. k‗futrug, kl tls kgjjghubtçs lt kl b‗fgsfihl k‗futrug, kl t`i
fafgssldlit lt kl b‗lxofussldlit k‗futrug.
188 hÁk > plup bl ku pr` poïtl Oòk.
[fdòk > plupbl ku pr`po
pr`poïtl
ïtl Xábgo.
Cgsrá > b ‗l
‗ldplrl
dplrlur
ur kl ]lrsl. 18; « ^ u o k ³ > b‗fshçtgsdl kfis bl slis k ‗³ lxlrhghl spgrgtulb³.
Vfysfr > Hçsfr kls Q`dfgis. H‗lst bl rli`ihldlit, kfis s`i prldglr stfkl, í hl qug i‗lst pfs strgh
tldlit içhlssfgrl...

6:? b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l

Vu‗Fbbfo i`us pbfhl, t`g lt d`g, fu rfie kl hlux qug [rlitl-ougtgïdl kgsh`urs >
pftg litl it klv
klvfit
fit bls çprluvls,
çprluv ls, rldl rhgli t p`u r bls agl
agli-
i-
jfgts, lt rldlttlit t`utls bls ho`sls (udòr) fu Xlgeilur ku
hglb !
Kl bf vçrfhgtç (sgkq)
lt ku sçrglux (3ifsàof)18<

Hlbug qug fegt fvlh s`i Xlgeilur (dfwbá) fvlh vçrfhgtç

lt sçrglux, rlk`utl hl qug lst « futrl qul Bug ³, kl iugt
h`ddl kl n`ur.
Û gigtgçs (qfwd ) !, il prçtliklz pfs í hl qug il v`us
fppfrtglit pfs, uigjglz s`i \igtç (tfwogk) dfgs
« i‗fss`hglz pfs ³ (sgrc). Nl bl nurl pfr Fbbfo, bls jbïhols
ku s`rt il v`us fttlgikr`it qul p`ur ablsslr i`i p`ur tulr.
Lt hlbug k`it bf plrtl vglit k‗Fbbfo, sf h`dplisftg`i gi-
h`dal í Fbbfo.

18< Ifsàof 4 sçrglux, a`i h`islgb, sgihçrgtç, bf kr`gturl ku hŘur...

[rlitl-iluvgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl b ‗lxpb
‗lxpbghftg`i
ghftg`i ku kçsfhh`rk (sg-
qáq), kl b‗litlitl (wgjáq)
lt kl b ‗oyp`hrgsgl (igjáq)
 Fegr sur bf afsl kl bf pfssg`i, sfis b‗@rkrl k‗Fbbfo lst
litîtldlit lt kçsuig`i (sgqáq).
Fegr sfis pfssg`i lst fhh`rk lt ofrd`igl {yvgjáq).
Fafik`iilr hlttl fttgtukl lst `stlitftg`i (rgyá*) lt oy-
p`hrgsgl
p`h rgsgl {igjáq).

Vufrfitgïdl
Vufrfitgïdl kgsh`urs >

Vufik bl sábgc (hlbug qug holdgil

sur bf Z`gl) lst-gb fptl í rln`gikrl bl
er`upl kls îtrls spgrgtulbs 0

I ‗lspïrl pfs îtrl h`dp

h`dptç
tç fu i`darl kls î trls spgrgt
spgrgtulbs
ulbs
(gruoáigyòi ) fvfit k‗îtrl klvliu b‗liildg ku t`ut kl t`g-
dîdl Skl t`i gikgvgkufbgtçT fvfit kl t‗îtrl sçpfrç kl
t`utls tls jfhubtçs lt dldarls, tl tlifit í b‗çhfrt kl t`i
lxgstlihl, kl tls d`uvldlits, tls rlp`s, t`i `uàl, tf vul,
tf pfr`bl, tf j`rhl kl prçolisg`i, t`i p`uv`gr kl
kçpbfhldlit, tls Řuvrls lt tf rfgs`i. (Arlj) kl t`ut hl qug
lxgstfgt li t`g fvfit bf prçslihl kl b‗Lsprgt ( ròo ) li t`g,
fgisg qul kl t`ut hl qug jut lxgstlihgç li t`g í bf sugtl kl
b‗gisujjbftg`i kl b‗Lsprgt. Hfr t`ut hl qul nl vglis kl
t‗çiudçrlr h`istgtul bl v`gbl qug tl hfhol t`i Xlgeilur
Xg tu klvglis pur lsprgt (ròo), slhrlt ku slhrlt,
dystïrl ku dystïrl, kgjjçrlit kl t`utls ho`sls li t`i

slhrlt
lt gitgdl h`ddl
tçiïarls, ( sgrr ), h`isgkçrfit t`ut h`ddl
b‗f kgt Garáoéd liildg,
b‗gitgdl v`gbl>
(k ‗Fbbfo)
« Gbs s`
s`it
it dls lii ld gs, í b ‗lxhlptg`i
‗lxhlptg` i ku Xl ge geil
il ur kls
ik ls ³1
D` ikls ³18
8:. Gb pfrbf gt kls gk`bls. [ `g, hh`isgk
`isgk ïrl tf t`tf
t`tfbgtç
bgtç
lt tls pfrtgls h`ddl kls gk`bls, fu dîdl tgtrl (k‗fgbblurs)
qul b‗lisldabl kls hrçfturls. I‗`açgs í rgli kl t`ut hlbf,
ig il t‗y h`ij`rdls.
(Xg k`ih tu klvglis tlb) fb`rs tl slr`it h`ijgçs bls sl
hrlts lt bls s hglihls gispgr
gispgrçls
çls (« kl holz I`us ³) fvlh

18:
Vujái, s`urftl i½1:, vlrslt 55.

65; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

blurs dlrvlgbbls. [u slrfs givlstg kl bf pugssfihl kl hrçf

tg`i (tfcwài) lt ku p`uv`g
p`uv`grr kls dgrfhbls (« rupturls kls
ofagtukls ³), sldabfabls
slda bfabls fux prgvgbïels rçslrvçs fux Vufrfitl lt uigïdl kgsh`urs >
hr`yfits kfis bl ]frfkgs.
Kfis hlt çtft, h‗lst h`ddl sg tu tl tr`uvfgs rlssushgtç
fprïs bf d`rt, kfis b‗futrl d`ikl. [f t`tfbgtç slrf t`utl \il sgdgbgtukl h`ihlrifit
pugssfih
pugs sfihll (qukrf) > tu litlikrfs pfr Fbbfo, tu pfrblrfs pfr
Fbbfo, tu vlrrfs pfr Fbbáo, tu sfgsgrfs pfr Fbbfo, tu dfrhol b‗lxtgihtg`i (jfif ) lt sf d`kfbgtç
rfs pfr Fbbáo, tu « gitlbbgelrfs ³ pfr Fbbáo, tu slrfs rfssç
rçiç lt hfbdç pfr Fbbáo. [u klvglikrfs fvluebl lt s`urk í
«futrl qul Bug³. [u il rldfrqulrfs pfs b‗lxgstlihl
« k‗futrl qul Bug ³, t`ut li rlsplhtfit bls « bgdgtls ³, bls F pr`p`s ku jf if i`us tl pr`p`slr`is bf sgdgbgtukl
h`ddfikldlits p`sgtgjs lt içeftgjs kl bf B`g sfhrçl. sugvfitl > ui r`g kçhgkl kl hofrelr ui o`ddl ku h`ddui
ku e`uvlrildlit k‗uil vgbbl kl s`i r`yfudl. Gb bl rlvît
Xg uil arïhol s‗`pïrl kfis t`i rlsplht kls « bgdgtls ³, k‗uil r`al kgeil kl sf i`uvlbbl j`ihtg`i lt bug h`ijgl kls
sfhol
n`u litt qul
li tu f çtç
bls kçd` is. sçkugt
kçd`is. Qlvgl ls fux
Qlvglis
is klvliu uil
stftuts
stftut s kldfrg`iilttl
bf B`g (sf rk`it
') lt çtlikfrks lt kls afiigïrls, kls tfda`urs lt kls s`bkfts.
B‗o`ddl s‗ofagtul ui d`dlit í hlttl h`ikgtg`i pugs gi
kçt`udl-t`g kl b‗`pgig`i sueeçrçl pfr bf pfssg`i. Hfr slisgabldlit sl slit rfssurç lt s‗gdfegil jlrdldlit lt ku
t`utl « vçrgtç ³ (ofqàqf) k`it bf « B`g ³ (sfrjf ) il p`rtl rfabldlit (kfis hlttl j`ihtg`i). Bf vfigtç b‗livfogt lt gb li
pfs tçd`gei
tçd `geill i ‗lst qul bgalrtgife
bgalr tgifell (zfik fqf ). vglit í `uabglr s`i prldglr çtft, s`i gdplrjlhtg`i, s`i
Lt Fbbáo lst pbus sfvfit ! fafgssldlit lt sf dgsïrl.
Dfgitlifit, h‗lst b‗`reulgb qug litrl li bug lt bl sfgsgt.
Bug pfrvglit fb`rs b‗`rkrl kl kgseráhl, vlifit ku r`g. Gb
k`gt dfgitlifit rlikrl h`dptl kls hrgdls h`ddgs li
trfiserlssfit bls `rkrls. Li prgs`i, kfis uil hlbbubl
çtr`gtl, p`ur uil b`ieul kurçl qug plrpçtul s`i kfd, s`i
oudgbgftg`i lt s`i kçiuldlit, s`i `reulgb lt sf vfigtç
j`iklit, sf ifjs sl argsl lt bl jlu kl sf pfssg`i s‗çtlgit.
Bl r`g, tçd`gi kl t`ut hlbf, jgigt pfr bl prlikrl li pgtgç
lt, pfr a`itç lt dgsçrgh`rkl, `rk`iil sf bgaçrftg`i lt sf
h`is`bftg`i. Gb rlstgtul sf r`al k‗o`iilur, sf j`ihtg`i kl
e`uvlrilur, p`ur uil vgbbl sldabfabl í bf prldgïrl.

n` glHlttl
n`gl b f j`gs-hg,
lt bf trfiqugb bls
bgtç.o`iilurs bug rlstlr`it fttfhoçs, fvlh bf
trf iqugbbgtç.

65: B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[Ï

DWX[ÏQL
QL ‗fak fb-qák gr fb-nàbíià 655

Gb li lst kl dîdl p`ur bl hr`yfit b`rsqu‗Fbbfo ; = } bl hç. - X‗gb s`bbghgtl uil pr`dlssl rçh`ij`rtfitl, gb il
rfppr`hol kl Bug, bl ho`gsgt. Gb `uvrl klvfit b‗Řgb kl s`i b‗`atglit pfs rfpgkldlit. - X‗gb bug frrgvl
frrgvl kl rlhlv`gr uil
hŘur bf p`rtl kl bf dgsçrgh`rkl, ku k`i lt kls aglijfgts. Gb pr`dlssl,
pr`d lssl, gb i ‗li v`gt
v`g t pfs bf rçfbgsftg`i.
rçfbgsf tg`i. - X‗gb v`gt ui
v`gt fgisg pfr s`i hŘur, «h l q u‗fu
u‗fuhui
hui Řgb i ‗f vu
vu,, ig s`iel (í hl pr`p`s), gb il rçussgt pfs í b‗gitlrprçtlr h`rrlh
`rlgbbl litliku, lt hl qul nfd fgs ui oud fgi i ‗f gdfegi ç tldlit, ig í bl tligr p`ur vrfg.
vrfg. - X‗gb fhhlptl kl rlvligr
kfis s`i hŘur³ ofkàt. H‗lst bf kçh`uvlrtl kls ho`sls hf vlrs bls hrçfturls, gb il tr`uvl pfs bf p`ssgagbgtç kl bl jfgrl
hoçls ku « Df bfcò t kls hglux lt
Dfbfcò l t kl bf tlrrl ³18
³185 rfpp r`ho l ljjlhtgvldlit. - X‗gb hr`gt fplrhlv`gr p`ur hlttl çvlitufbgtç
dlit, kgsh`urs ferçfabl lt suatgb, pr`dlssls rçn`ugssfitls, uil h`ihlssg`i ( ruosf) lt qu‗gb fegt sur hlttl afsl, bls
fhqugttldlit kl hl qug bug lst kó, rçp`isls í sls prgïrls, h`isçqulihls jáholusls fhh`urlit vlrs bug, bls hrçfturls bl
pfr`bls
pfr` bls kl sfelssl, rlh`
rlh`iifgs
iifgssfih
sfihll kl s`i hfs > t`utls ho`
ho`  d`blstlit dîdl poysgquldlit lt bls bfieuls p`rtlit ft
sls sl pr`nltfi
pr`n ltfitt kfis s`i hŘur
hŘ ur klpugs ui bglu trïs
tr ïs hlitrfb1
hli trfb188? tlgitl í s`i o`iilur. - X‗gb kldfikl ui rlt`ur í bf h`ikg
lt sl dfigjlstfit sur sf bfieul. Kl pbus GG b‗gdprïeil kl tg`i fitçrglurl, hlbbl k‗fvfit dîdl b‗çblhtg`i, hlbf bug lst
aglijfgts
aglijf gts vgsgabls > sur
s ur s`i h`rps lt sls dlda
dldarls,
rls, kfis sf rljusç. - X‗gb s`uofgtl bf sftgsjfhtg`i
sftgsjfhtg`i lt b‗fhhlptftg`i trfi
i`urrgturl, sls vîtldlits lt sls çp`usls 3 kfis bf prçslihl qugbbl kl sls çprluvls, gb il bls `atglit pfs i`i pbus.
ku bghgtl, ku plrdgs, ku rlsplht kls « bgdgtls ³, lt kls fk` Kfis hls h`ikgtg`is, bf ifjs h`ddlihl í j`ikrl. Bf
rftg`is h`istfitls. pfss g`i í kg
pfssg`i kgspfrfét
spfrfétrl,
rl, bf v`b`itç
v`b`i tç pr
pr`pr
`prll lltt bls vfgis lsp`grs
lsp`gr s
Fbbfo dfgitglit hls o`iilurs p`ur X`i slrvgtlur í pfrtgr lt bls d`ikls hrççs ( fcwái) í rln`gikrl bl içfit.
hr`yfit plikfit ui tldps fsslz b`ie, nusqu‗í hl qul hl Hlttl sgtuftg`i sl pr`b`iel, gitlisgjgl dîdl sf h`itrfgitl
klriglr sl slitl li sçhurgtç kfis hlt çtft, s‗y gbbusg`iil lt lt s`i giçvgtfagbgtç nusqu‗í hl qul bl slrvgtlur s‗fiigogbl
jgigt pfr hr`grl í sf plrdfilihl. Bls p`rtls kls çprluvls (jf if ‗) fux hfrfhtïrls lt fux fttrgauts oudfgis lt il plr
lt kls hfbfdgtçs kgvlrsls s‗`uvrlit fb`rs. Dfbolurs fjjç kurl (afqín qu‗li tfit qu‗Lsprgt (ròo) kçtfhoç. (F hl
rlits í bf plrs`iil, sls aglis, sls çp`usls, sls lijfits lt í stfkl), gb litlik ui fpplb pr`vlifit kl s`i j`r gitçrglur >
s`i hŘur. [`us bls aglijfgts prçhçklits bug s`it rltgrçs. Gb « Jrfppl bl s`b fvlh t`i pglk ! Gb y f bí uil s`urhl s`urhl jrf é

kldlurl oçaçtç, gdpugssfit, argsç lt sfis fgkl. hol p`ur Fyyòa

slgeilur tl bfvlr(N`a)
lt a`grl ³187Fbbfo
h`dd
h`ddl l hlbf
jfgt jut
ju t kgtkfis
pbluv`gr í v`trl
v `trl
s`i
- X‗gb p`rtl s`i rlefrk vlrs s`i fppfrlihl, gb y v`gt hl hl hŘur kls `hçfis kl Xls Hbçdlihls, H`dpfssg`i, A`itç lt
qug b‗fss`dargt. - X‗gb bl p`rtl vlrs s`i hŘur lt s`i gitç Jfvlur. Gb bl vgvgjgl pfr X`i Lsprgt, bl pfrjudl kl Xf
rglur, gb v`gt hl qug b‗fttrgstl. - X‗gb sl t`uril vlrs Fbbfo H`iifgssfihl lt kls kçtfgbs prçhgs kl Xls shglihls. Gb bug
p`
p`ur
ur kld fik
fiklr
lr bf kgspf
kgspfrgtg`i
rgtg`i kl hlt çtft, gb i ‗lst pfs
pf s lxfu- `uvrl bls p`rtls kl Xf Dgsçrgh`rkl, X`i Aglijfgt, Xf X`bbg
hgtukl. Gb gihbgil bls elis í bug jfgrl kls prçslits lt í bl
slrvgr kfis t`utls bls hgrh`istfihls, Gb gihgtl blurs bfieuls
185 Dfbfcò t kls hglux lt kl bf tlrrl > lxprlssg`i qur‗áig
qur‗áigqul,
qul, hj. bf
í bl b`ulr, í bl dlitg`iilr li agli. Gb bls p`ussl í fbblr
i`tl i½675. (Ghg gb lst jfgt rçjçrlihl í bf vgsg`i kl Xfyygkgiá Garáoéd,
gdp`ssgabl í h`ddlitlr kfis bl prçslit h`itlxtl). vlrs bug lt í bug `açgr. Dîdl bls r`gs lt bls elis kl p`uv`gr
bgttçrfbldlit > « dgi dfcfigi af 'àk ³ (í pfrtgr k‗ui
18? Bl tlxtl kgt bgttçrfbldlit
bglu b`gitfgi). Fu blhtlur kl kçhgklr sg bf trfkuhtg`i lst nustgjgçl. 187
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½8?, vlrslt ;1.
65? b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l

bug s`it s`udgs. Gb bug h`ijïrl sls aglijfgts lxtçrglurs lt gi

tçrglurs. X`i çkuhftg`i dfigjlstl f bglu pfr bl truholdlit Vufrfitl-kluxgïdl
Vufrfitl-kluxgïdl kgsh`urs >
kl Xls hrçfturls lt kl Xls aglijfgts (vgsgabls). Lt GG sl
hofrel kl s`i çkuhftg`i gitçrglurl pfr Xf A`itç lt Xf Eç
içr`sgtç - Gb bl jfv`rgsl fgisg
fgisg nus qu ‗f
‗fuu N`ur kl bf rlih`itrl.
]ugs GG bl jfgt pçiçtrlr kfis « hl qu‗fuhui Řgb i‗f vu, ig Kl b‗lxp`sç kls klux çtfts pr`prls
`rlgbbl litliku, ig hl qul nfdfgs ui oudfgi i‗f h`iåu í b‗á
b ‗ádl
dl (ifjs)
kfis s`i hŘur ³.
H`ddl GG kgt > « Fu hui l ádl il sfgt sf gt hl qug blu r lst
rçsl rvç
rvçll kl n` gl li rçh `dplisl
`dp lisl kl hl q u ‗gbs jf gsf gl
glit
it ³
1
;=
.
Bf ifjs h`iifét klux çtfts, lt i‗li f pfs kl tr`gsgïdl.
(Í sfv`gr) b‗çtft kl rçdgssg`i (‟ájgyf) lt b‗çtft k‗çprluvl.
B`rsqu‗lbbl sl tr`uvl li kgjjghubtç, h‗lst b‗fjjbghtg`i, bf
pbfgitl, bf h`bïrl, bf hrgtgqul
hrgtgqu l lt b‗fhhusftg`i
b‗fhhu sftg`i kgrgeçl h`itrl
bl Zrfg «jj#. Gb i‗y f (pbus) kl pftglihl, ig kl sftgsjfhtg`i
{rgkf), ig k‗fhh`rk 3 dfgs pbutût bl i`i-rlsplht kls h`ivl
ifihls, « b ‗fss`hgftg`i
‗fss`hgftg`i ³ ku Zrfg fvlh bls hfusls slh`ikls,
lt b‗gihr`yfihl (cujr).
]fr h`itrl sg lbbl açiçjghgl kl b‗gitçergtç, h‗lst b‗fvgkgtç,
b‗gihurgl, bf p`ursugtl kls kçsgrs lt kls pbfgsgrs. Hofqul
j`gs qu‗ui kçsgr lst sftgsjfgt, lbbl li holrhol ui futrl. Lbbl
kçh`isgkïrl bls aglijfgts qug bug s`it pr`hurçs k‗litrl bls
i`urrgturls, a`gss`is, vîtldlits, d`iturls, dfgs`is lt
çp`usls.
Lbbl tr`uvl í hofhui kl hls fvfitfels kls kçjfuts lt kls
gdplrjlhtg`is. Lbbl fspgrl í kls aglijfgts pbus çblvçs, pbus
gbbustrls, qug il bug s`it pfs klstgiçs lt kçigerl hlux qug bug
s`it fbb`uçs. Lbbl pb`iel fgisg b‗o`ddl kfis uil plgil lt
uil jftgeul plrsgstfitls. Lbbl il sl sftgsjfgt pfs kl hl qug
lst í sf p`rtçl, li tfit qul s`i b`t pr`prl.
B‗o`ddl lst (pfr lbbl) fdliç í sl pb`ielr kfis bls
1;=
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½81, vlrslt 65. dfbolurs, trfvlrsfit kls holdgis kl plrkgtg`i fvlh uil
plgil gitlrdgifabl
gitlrd gifabl kfis hl d`ikl
d` ikl lt kkfis
fis b‗futrl. H`ddl
H`dd l
qulbqu‗ui b‗f kgt > « ]frdg bls hoátgdlits bls pbus kurs, gb y
f bf rlholrhol kl hl qug il i`us l st pfs klstgiç ³.

6?= B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

HFAK FB-VÁ
FB-VÁKGQ
KGQ FB-NÉBÁIÀ 6?
6?66

]fr fgbblurs, kfis b‗çtft kl kgjjghubtç, lbbl il s`uofgtl

pbus qul bf bblvçl
lvçl kl b ‗çprluvl lt `uabgl t`ut
t`u t aglijfg
agl ijfgtt `u kç
sgr, t`utl prç`hhupftg`i kl n`ugssfihl. Dfgs hlttl eîil
pfssçl,
pfssç l, lbbl rlvgli
rlv glitt í sf s`ttgsl, s`i fvgkgtç,
fvgkgt ç, s`i gis`blihl,
gis`bl ihl,
s`i fvlrsg`i
i`uvlfu) kfisklbfb‗`açgssfihl í s`iLbbl
kçs`açgssfihl. Xlgeilur
`uabgl ltfussgtût
sl vfutrl (í
b‗çtft
`÷ lbbl sl tr`uvfgt, bls hfbfdgtçs lt bls prçnukghls, bls tlr
rlurs qug b‗fegtfglit. H‗lst p`urqu`g lbbl lst rliv`yçl í
t`ut elirl k‗çprluvls lt kl k`ddfels, li h`isçqulihl
kls erfiks pçhoçs h`ddgs, p`ur bf slvrlr kl hls gei`dg
igls kfis bl jutur 3 pugsqul ig b‗gitçergtç ig bls aglijfgts il
b‗fdçbg`rlit dfgs qu‗lbbl tr`uvl sf prçslrvftg`i pfr bls
dfbolurs lt bls çprluvls.
Xg slubldlit lbbl rlsplhtfgt bls h`ivlifihls b`rs kl bf
blvçl kls çprluvls lt s‗fstrlgeifgt í b‗`açgssfihl, bf rl
h`iifgssfihl lt bf sftgsjfhtg`i
sftgsjfhtg`i p`ur sf pfrt fbb`uçl ! Hlbf
slrfgt prçjçrfabl p`ur lbbl kfis hl d`ikl lt kfis b‗futrl.
Lbbl çpr`uvlrfgt ui fhhr`gssldlit kl aglijfgts,
k‗gitçergtç, kl sftgsjfhtg`i kl bf pfrt k‗Fbbfo YÒn9, kl vgl
olurlusl lt kl eráhl pr`pghl (éfwjgq ). Hlbug qug kçsgrl bf
sfuvlefrkl kfis hl d`ikl-hg lt kfis b‗futrl, qu‗gb s‗li
tgliil í bf pftglihl lt í b‗fhhlptftg`i
b‗fhhlptftg`i (rgkf) 3 qu‗gb hlssl kl
sl pbfgikrl fuprïs kls hrçfturls, lt qu‗gb kldfikl í s`i
Xlgeilur bl rldïkl í sls als`gis li s‗fstrlgeifit
s‗fstrlgeifi t í
Bug `açgr lt li i‗fttlikfit Skçs`rdfgsT bl s`ubfeldlit qul
kl Bug Xlub. Gb jfut sl t`urilr lxhbusgvldlit vlrs Bug
hfr GG lst prçjçrfabl í t`utls Xls hrçfturls.
Xf prgvftg`i lst X`i K`i, X`i hoátgdlit X`i Aglijfgt,
X`i çprluvl X`i rldïkl, Xf ]r`dlssl lst frelit h`dp
tfit, Xf ]fr`bl lst Fhtl, Xf v`b`itç j`ihgïrl (dfsjf ) lst
X`i Çtft.
Xf ]fr`bl lt X`i `rkrl s`it, sfis fuhui k`utl, fgisg >
«B` rsq u‗g
u‗g b vlut uil ho`s
ho`sl,
l, Gb bug kg t «X `gs ! ³ lt lbbl
lst ³1;6. [`us sls fhtls s`it a`is, sfels lt utgbls. Dfgs GG f
hfhoç í Xls slrvgtlurs, bf shglihl kl hlttl utgbgtç lt kl
dlurl bl slub í bf h`iifétrl. Hl qug h`ivglit í Xf Dfnlstç
lst bf sftgsjfhtg`i lt bf s`udgssg`i ( tfsbàd ) kl X`i slrvg
tlur, b‗fk`rftg`i qug h`isgstl í `açgr í Xls `rkrls p`sgtgjs
lt içeftgjs lt í sl rçsgeilr í X`i Kçhrlt h`ihlrifit bl kls
tgi (qfkr). Bl slrvgtlur k`gt hlsslr kl sl dîblr kls quls
tg`is pr`prls í bf Xlgeilurgl ( ruaòagyyf ), hfusl prldgïrl
kls kçhrlts. Gb k`gt hlsslr kl bf h`dafttrl, il pbus pr`jçrlr
kls « p`urqu`g ³, « h`ddlit ³ lt « nusqu‗í qufik ³ > qu‗gb
s‗fastgliil k‗fhhuslr bl Zrfg gD] kfis b‗lisldabl kl Xls
d`uvldlits lt kl Xls rlp`s.
Hls pr`p`s s‗fppuglit sur bl ofkàt sugvfit, rfpp`rtç pfr
Gai 'Faaás ; - Y > « Fb`rs qul n ‗çt
‗çtfgs
fgs d`itç li
li hr`upl,
hr`upl, klr
rgïrl b‗Liv`yç k ‗Fbbfo
‗Fbbfo {&}, v`gbí qu‗gb dl kgt > « û Nluil
o`ddl, efrkl Fbbfo lt GG tl efrklrf. Efrkl-bl lt tu bl
tr`uvlrfs klvfit t`g. Xg tu kldfikls qulbqul ho`sl qul
hlbf s`gt í Bug (slgó).
(slgó). Xg tu holrhols b ‗fgkl, fgkl-t`g
k ‗Fbbfo. Bl Hfbfd l s ‗lst sçhoç fprïs fv`gr çhrgt hl qug lst. lst.
Xg t`utls bls hrçfturls s ‗ljj`rhlit kl t ‗fpp`rtlr uil ho`sl
qu ‗Fbbfo il t ‗f pfs klstgiçl, lbbls il bl p`urrfgli t p`git.
Lt sg lbbls v`ubfgli
v`ub fgli t tl iugrl fu d`y li kl qulbqu l ho`sl
qu ‗Fbbfo i ‗f pfs kçhrçtç kfis t`i hfs, lbbls li slrfgli t
gihfpfabls. Xg tu ls li dlsurl k ‗fegr livlrs bls elis fvlh
vçrfhgtç (sgkq) lt hlrtgtukl (yfqài),
(yfqài), jfgs-bl. Xg tu i ‗y frrg
vls pfs, sf hol qul kfis bf pftglihl jfh l í hl qug tl k ç
pbfét, gb y f ui agli gddlisl. Xfhol çefbldliçefb ldli t qul bl sl
h`urs vglit pf r bl d`yli kl bf pft pftglihl,
glihl, qul bl s`ubfel
dlit fhh`dpfeil b‗fjjbghtg`i lt qu‗fvlh bf kgjjghubtç lst bf
jf hgb gtç ³ ³.

1;6
1;6
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½8:, vlrslt ?1.
6?1 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

Vufrfitl-tr`gsgïdl kgsh`urs >

Gb gih`dal í hofqul hr`yfit kl jfgrl kl hl ofkàt ui dg-
r`gr p`ur y lxfdgilr s`i hŘ ur lt sf rïebl h`istfitl. V u‗gb
u‗gb
s‗y h`ij`rdl kfis t`us sls d`uvldlits lt rlp`s kl s`rtl
qu‗gb s`gt sfuj kfis hl d`ikl lt kfis b‗futrl 3 tr`uvfit bf Kl bf h`ikfdiftg`i kl bf kldfikl
eb`grl kfis hls klux kldlurls, pfr bf dgsçrgh`rkl k‗FGbáo
fkrlssçl í « futrl ³ qu‗Fbbfo ;d
;d}

Hlbug qug fkrlssl sf kldfikl fux elis, il bl jfgt qu‗li

rfgs`i kl s`i gei`rfihl k‗Fbbfo ;§íC kl bf jfgablssl kl sf
j`g, kl sf h`iifgssfihl kçjlhtulusl, kl s`i faslihl kl
hlrtgtukl lt fussg kl s`i dfiqul kl pftglihl.
Hlbug qug s‗fastglit kl bl jfgrl, bl jfgt li rfgs`i kl s`i
fdpbl h`iifgssfihl
h`iifgssfihl k ‗Fb
‗Fbbfo
bfo ;D }1;1, kl bf pugssfihl kl sf
j`g, kl sf hlrtgtukl lt pfr b‗ljjlt kl b‗fhhr`gssldlit kl sf
h`iifgssfihl
h`iifgssfi hl kl s`i Xlgeilur lt kl bf puklur livlrs
Bug, qug sl p`ursugt hofqul n`ur lt í hofqul gistfit.

1;1 Bgttçrfbldlit > h`iifgssfihl (`u shglihl) pfr Fbbfo. Li ljjlt,

`i il h`iifét pfs Fbbfo h`ddl ui `anlt, dfgs `i il Bl h`iifét qul
pfr Bug-Dîdl.

Vufrfitl-quftrgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl bf hfusl ku i`i-lxfuhldlit
kl bf prgïrl (ku lá ) ku h`iifgssfit
pfr Fbbfo gdgd}}

Gb i‗lst pfs rçp`iku fu h`iifgssfit hofqul j`gs qu‗gb

gdpb`rl s`i Xlgeilur 3 hofqul pr`dlssl qug bug lst
jfgtl i‗lst pfs (içhlssfgrldlit) tliul. Gb li lst fgisg, p`ur
qul b‗lsp`gr il b‗ldp`rtl pfs kçjgigtgvldlit li bug lt p`ur
çvgtlr qu ‗fgisg ggbb il sl plrkl.
Li ljjlt, gb i‗y f fuhui çtft `u stftg`i qug i‗lxgel í bf
j`gs bf hrfgitl lt b‗lsp`gr. Hls klriglrs s`it sldabfabls fux
fgbls k‗ui `gslfu. Bf j`g i‗lst fholvçl qul pfr lux. Gb li
lst kl dîdl p`ur b‗çtft (oáb) lt bf stftg`i. Lt hofqul
h`ikgtg`i rlquglrt uil hrfgitl lt uil lspçrfihl fppr`

prgçls.
Fgisg bl h`iifgssfit lst ui « rfppr`hoç ³1;8 k ‗Fbb
‗Fbbfo
fo
gD o Xf h`ikgtg`i lt sf stftg`i gdpbgqulit qu‗gb il kçsgrl
rgli k‗futrl qul s`i Xlgeilur (dfwbá). Gb il sl s`uhgl, ig
il tr`uvl kl rlp`s, ig il sl pbfét li h`dpfeigl k‗« futrl
qul Bug ³.

1;8 Duqqfrf a > v`gr pfr lxld pbl s`urftl i½<:, vlrslt 66. «B l
tlrdl duqfrrfa qug kfis bl Vurfi qufbgjgl lih`rl Nçsus lt hlrtfgis
 Fiels, rlh`uvrl, li rçfbgtç, b‗gklitgtç lsslitglbbl ³. D. Zfbsái, Ltukls
trfkgtg`iilbb ls, i½;8;, 6751, p.
p. 1<5, i`tl i½b.

‗FAK FB-VÁKGQ FB-NÀBÁIÀ 6?5

6?: B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

]r`poïtl bls dlgbblurls prgïrls lt sfbutftg`is). Gb il

]`ur ui tlb îtrl, bf rlholrhol kl b‗lxfuhldlit kl sls b‗lxfuhl k`ih pfs, ig il tglit Xf ]r`dlssl, fjgi qul (bl
kldfikls lt kl b‗fhh`dpbgssldlit kls pr`dlssls rlåuls, h`iifgssfit) il t`dal p`git kfis bf kldfikl pfr ofagtukl
i‗lst pfs kfis bf bgeil qu‗gb
q u‗gb sugt, ig fppr`prgçl í s`i çtft. lt il rlholrhol (bls ho`sls) li vlrtu ku tldpçrfdlit pr`
Gb y f k ‗fg
‗fgbblurs
bblurs kfis hl hfs klux rfgs`is (í b‗faslihl kl prl, lt i`i
i `i pbus p`ur
p`u r sl h`ij`rdl
h`ij `rdlrr í b‗@rkrl k‗Fbbfo ÇòC
Çò C
rçp`isl). K‗uil pfrt p`ur qul b‗lsp`gr il b‗ldp`rtl pfs Hfr hlttl klrigïrl
k lrigïrl sgtuftg`i rlhïbl « b ‗fss`hgftg`i ³ b f
fgisg qul b‗gifttlitg`i í bf « rusl ³1;;1<(p`ssgabl)
;<(p`ssgabl) kl s`i qulbbl lst ui erfik pçhoç kfis t`us bls çtfts lt stftg`is kl
Xlgeilur gD]- Gb li `uabglrfgt bl rlsplht kls h`ivlifihls b‗gtgiçrfit.
(ákáa ) lt sf plrtl s‗lisugvrfgt. K‗futrl pfrt, (fussg) p`ur Xg t`utlj`gs bf kldfikl lst h`isçhutgvl í ui @rkrl, lbbl
prçv ligr s`i « fss`hgftg`i
fss`hgftg `i ³ kl qulbqul
qu lbqul ho`sl
h o`sl « kk‗futrl
‗futrl ³ í fn`utl í bf « pr`xgdgtç ³, t`ut h`ddl bl jfgt bf prgïrl rg
s`i Xlgeilur Hfr iub i‗lst « gdplhhfabl ³ (d f s ò d ), tulbbl, bl nlóil `u t`ut futrl Řuvrl surçr`eft`grl `u
í b ‗lx tçr glu r;<, fprïs bls pr`poïtls (sur lux lt sur i`trl k‗`abgeftg`i. Bl slhrlt rçsgkfit kfis bl jfgt qul b‗fhtl lst
fhh`dpbg h`ij`rdçdlit í ui @rkrl (kgvgi).

1;; Dfcr > hj. bf i`tl i½:5.

1;< Ghg gb y f ui p`git kçbghft. Li ljjlt, b‗`rto`k`xgl suiigtl il rl

h`iifét « b‗gd plhhfagbgtç ³ qul p`ur bls pr`poïtls. Df gs bf rçslrvl
qu‗fpp`rtl i`trl sfyo Sí b‗lxtçrglurT rçvïbl uil rçfbgtç hfhoçl. Hofhui
sfgt qul bl sjgsdl fhh`rkl bf 'gsdá fux gdfd-s kl bf jfdgbbl ku ]r`
poïtl {ð9). Hlplikfit p`ur gbbustrlr bf h`itgiugtç kls lislgeildlits
çs`tçrgquls gb slrfgt plut-îtrl utgbl kl hgtlr ui sfyo suiigtl vliu fu
d`ikl prïs kl slpt hlits fis fprïs i`trl sfyo, í sfv`gr bl prlstgeglux
Fodfk ft-[ànáié (kfis Nfwá ogr fb -D f'á ià pfel 181 t`dl G) >
« ]ugs sfhols qul hlbug fuqulb Fbbfo fhh`rkl s`i [fnfbbé pfr bl sl Xg b‗`i rçjbçhogt í hlttl klrigïrl porfsl `i h`dprlikrf qul bl klerç
hrlt prçslrvç lt bl Dystïrl hfhoç, sl tr`uvl gdduigsç (' usgdf) kl t`ut kls ]ûbls lst ghg gklitgjgç í hlbug kl bf « ]r`poçtgl ³. (Hj. Bf ogçrfrhogl
k‗`rgegil qurfdq ul pfr lxld pbl í bf jgi ku 1gïrflkgsh`urs).
pçhoç, s`us t`us bls fsplhts lt kl slb`i t`us bls p`gits kl vul. Bl pç
hoç (blqulb lst bf kçs`açgssfihl í b‗`rkrl k‗Fbbfo) il pr`vglit p`git kl Qfpplb`is lijgi qul bl sfyo ('Fak fb-Vákgr) lst kl purl `rto`k`xgl
bug, ig `uvlrtldlit, ig slhrïtldlit. H‗lst p`urqu`g bl ]r`poïtl {D À suiigtl lt gdád rlh`iiu ku rgtl ofiafbgtl, bl quftrgïdl rgtl ku sui
fjjgrdf lxpbghgtldlit bf 'gsdá p`ur bls pr`poïtls, lt gdpbghgtldlit igsdl.
p`ur bls pûbls, sfis bl k grl `uvlrtldlit, b`rsqu‗gb kçh
kçhbfrf
bfrf > « p`git kl
'gsdá, sgi`i p`ur ui ]r`poïtl³. Gb pr`tçelf bls ]ûbls (k‗ui v`gbl)
pfrhl qul blurs klerçs il s`it pfs h`iius ku h`ddui. Fbbfo i‗f pfs
gij`rdç bls hrçfturls fu sunlt ku « klerç kls ]ûbls ³ ( dfr tfaf t fb-
Fqtá a). Hl klerç rlstl hfhoç. H lst p`urqu`g bl ]r`poïtl i‗f pfs
jfgt h`iifétrl bf Gsd
Gsdáá kl hlux qug bf kçtgliilit. ]`urtfit bl « slhrlt
prçslrvç ³ ldpîhol hlbug qug b‗f e`ótç kl kçs`açgr í Fbbfo dîdl p`ur
bf kurçl k‗ui hbgi k‗Řgb. Vufik fux Xgkkàqài, qug s`it ui klerç li
klss`us, gbs i‗`i p`git hlttl 'gsdá ³.

Vufrfitl-hgiqugïdl kgsh`urs >

Ku aglijfgt lt kl b ‗çprluvl

Bls o`ddls s`it slb`i klux hftçe`rgls > hlux qug aç
içjghglit k‗ui aglijfgt lt hlux qug suagsslit uil çprluvl
kçhrçtçl pfr blur Xlgeilur
Hlbug qug açiçjghgl k‗ui aglijfgt, i‗çvgtl pfs t`tfbldlit
kl h`ddlttrl ui pçhoç, ig i‗çhofppl í ui fss`dargssl
dlit litfhofit hl qu‗gb f rlåu.
Fb`rs qu‗gb sl h`dpbfét kfis hl qu‗gb y f kl pbus ferçf
abl, v`gbí qul bl kçhrlt ku klstgi t`dal sur bug, fbtçrf it
s`i çtft pfr kls çprluvls vfrgçls, kls dfbfkgls, kls k`u
blurs, kls dfbolurs t`uhofit í sf plrs`iil, sf j`rtuil, sf
jfdgbbl.
Vu‗gb li tgrl
tgrl uil blå`i ! Bl v`gbí h`ddl s‗gb i‗fvfgt
nfdfgs
nfd fgs n`u g kl aglijfgts
aglij fgts 3 gb `uabgl t`ut bl pfssç lt sf k`u 
hlur.
]fr h`itrl, sg bls aglis dftçrglbs, bf rli`ddçl, bls slr
vgtlurs fa`iklit, bl pbfåfit o`rs k‗fttlgitl kls liildgs, gb
vgt bl a`iolur h`ddl sg bls çprluvls i ‗fvfglit p`git h`urs
kfis s`i lxgstlihl.
[`ut hlbf kçh`ubl kl s`i gei`rfihl kl s`i Xlgeilur
 g = j fgisg qul kl hl afs d`ikl. X gb sfvfgt qul s`i Xlg
eilur « jf gt hl q u ‗g b vl ut ³1;:, qu‗gb
qu‗g b d`
d`kgjg
kgjgl,
l, fk`uhg
fk` uhgtt lt f g
ergt, lirghogt lt fppfuvrgt, çbïvl lt fafgssl, o`i`rl lt oudg
bgl, jfgt vgvrl lt d`urgr, fvfihl lt rltfrkl, gb il sl jglrfgt

1;:
Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½ bb, vlrslt 65.
65.

67= B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL ‗f a k f b -q á k g r f b -n Gb á i à 676

pfs í ss`i
`i prçsli
pr çslitt çtft
çtf t k ‗fgsl. Gb il sl bfgssl
bf gsslrfgt
rfgt pfs tr`dplr
tr`d plr pfrv gliilit
pfrvglii lit sfis fuhui ljj`rt
ljj`r t kl sf pfrt). X`i fppr
fppr`vg
`vg
pfr bug. Kl dîdl gb il kçslspçr
kçsl spçrlrfg
lrfgtt pfs, kfis bls çprluvls
çprlu vls sg`iildlit bl sugt kfis hl d`ikl lt kfis b‗futrl.
kl rltr`uvlr bf nn`gl.
`gl.
Gb gih`dal fu slrvgtlur jfv`rgsç pfr bls aglijfgts kl il
H‗lst fussg ku jfgt kl s`i gei`rfihl kl hl afs d`ikl nfd fgs sl rlbáholr
nfdfgs rlbá holr nus qu
qu‗í
‗í `uabglr
`uab glr bf « rfsl
rfs l ³ k‗Fbbfo
k‗Fb bfo
qu‗gb li frrgvl í s‗y hr`grl li sçhurgtç, í li fttlikrl uil ÇòY1;5. Vu‗gb il s`gt pfs fausç pfr bl aglijfgt fu p`git kl
h`ikgtg`i hbfgrl lt sfis tr`uabls >. Gb `uabgl qu‗gb s‗fegt kl plislr
pli slr qu
qu‗gb
‗gb slrf
slr f plrdfil
plr dfilit,
it, lt li `uab
`uabgç
gç kl rldl
rldlrhglr
rhglr.. Hl
Hl 
bf kldlurl kl b‗çprluvl, kl b‗fdlrtudl, kl b‗fstrlgitl lt bf rlbáholrfgt bl iŘuk qug bl jgxfgt ! Bl ]r`poïtl
]r`poïtl kg
kls kçs`rkrls ! sfgt > « Bl agli jfgt lst gifp
gifpprgv`é
prgv`ésç
sç > rltlilz- bl pf r bf e rf
Hl afs d`ikl lst j`ikfdlitfbldlit trgaubftg`is lt fh tgtukl (sucr) ³.
hlss`grldlit ferçdlit. Gb lst sldabfabl í uil pbfitl k`it Bf erftgtukl p`ur bf rgholssl (dfb), h‗lst kl rlh`iifétrl
bl e`ótB‗`i
dglb. lst k‗fa`rk fdlrí ltsfpfr
il pfrvglit bf sugtlqu‗fprïs
k`uhlur k`ux h`ddl bl
li fv`gr bf jfvlur ku Eçiçrlux K`iftlur, blqulb lst Fbbfo lt
k‗li pfrblr fvlh s`g-dîdl h`istfddlit 3 kl efrklr li
h`iiu J fdlrtudl > bl dglb i‗lst fttlgit qu‗fu d`yli kl bf
vul X`i Aglijfgt 3 kl il pfs sl b‗fppr`prglr, ig `utrlpfsslr
pftglihl
pftg lihl livlrs b ‗fdlr. Kl dîdl bl k`d k`dlstgq
lstgqul
ul il rlå`gt
rlå `gt bf bgdgtl qu‗gb y gdp`sl, ig gei`rlr X`i `rkrl bl h`ihlr
sf rçtrgautg`i qu‗fprïs bf sulur, b‗ljj`rt, bl s`uhg, bf jftg ifit. Gb k`gt çefbldlit s‗fhqugttlr kl Xls kr`gts li pfyfit
eul, b‗çpugsldlit, b‗oudgbgftg`i kl b‗ádl (ifjs) lt bl kçpç b‗Fudûil rgtulbbl (zfcò
zfcòtt), b‗lxpgftg`i (cfjjárf), bl v`tgj
rgssldlit kl sf pfssg`i fu slrvghl k‗uil futrl hrçfturl.
H‗lst slubldlit fprïs fv`gr au, pfr e`reçls, t`ut bl jglb, (,ifkr ) lt bls `a`bls (sfkfqf)'D 3 li slh`urfit bls `pprls
qul s‗lisugt p`ur bug bl rlpfs, bls jrugts, bls vîtldlits, bl sçs, li pfyfit fttlitg`i fux içhlssgtlux lt í hlux qug sl
rlp`s lt bf n`gl, jusslit-gbs kfis uil jfgabl dlsurl. tr`uvlit kfis kls kgjjghubtçs pfr sugtl kl rlivlrsldlit kl
sgtuftg`is. Hfr bls olurls sl suhhïklit fpp`rtfit aglijfgts
Hl d`ikl-hg, lst fgerl fu kçaut h`ddl bl dglb h`itliu lt fgsfihls, pugs dfbolurs lt prçnukghls.
kfis ui rçhgpglit fyfit kl plrsgstfitls trfhls fdïrls. @i
il pfrvglit í bf k`uhlur purl qu‗fu j`ik ku rçhgpglit, Gb k`gt rldlrhglr p`ur bl aglijfgt kl b‗gitçergtç kfis bls
qu‗fprïs fv`gr dfieç kl bf pfrtgl ofutl (fjjlhtçl pfr dldarls ku h`rps lt bls jfhubtçs (kl s`i gikgvgkufbgtç) 3
J fdlrtudl). p`ur bf p`s
p`ssgagbgt
sgagbgtçç kl bls utgbgslr
utgbgsl r li vul kl b‗`açgssf
b‗`a çgssfihl
ihl lt
kl b‗fastlitg`i kls gitlrkgts lt kls pçhoçs. H‗lst fgisg qul
Kl dîdl,
dîd l, sg bl slrvgtlur
slrv gtlur pftglitl kfis
k fis J fhh`dpbgs
fhh`dpbgs  b‗`i rltglit bls aglijfgts, bls ldpîhofit kl i`us qugttlr lt
sldlit kls h`ddfikldlits
h`ddfikld lits ku Xlgeilur lt jfhl í qul b‗`i frr`sl blur frarl fjgi qul sls arfihols lt sls
b‗fastgilihl kls gitlrkgts 3 sl s`udlt fvlh h`ijgfihl í t`ut
hl qul bl Kçhrlt bug liv`gl, a`gt pr`erlssgvldlit hlttl
fdlrtudl, lik`ssl bls jfrklfux qul t`ut hlbf rlprçslitl,
1;5 Hj. bf i`tl i½:5.
h`itrfrgl sf pfssg`i lt fafik`iil sf v`b`itç pr`prl 3 Fb
bfo bug rçslrvl jgifbldlit uil vgl olurlusl kfis sls klr 1;? ]`ur bf zfcòt, b l ifkr, bf sfkfq f. Hj. i`tls <7 lt :=. Vufik í bf
iglrs n`urs, bf s`bbghgtukl, bl rlp`s, b‗o`iilur. Gb bl prlik Cfjjfrf h‗lst b ‗fudûil lxpgft`
lxpgft`grl
grl k‗ui pçhoç `u bf h`dplisftg`i prç
li hofrel lt bl i`urrgt h`ddl ui lijfit (fuqulb bls s`gis vul p`ur ui dfiquldlit, lbbl plut s‗fppbgqulr fussg í ui nlóil í jgif
bgtç gklitgqul.

671 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL 'f ak f b -q á k gr f b -n àb á ià 678

jlugbbls hr`gsslit, qul sls jrugts klvgliilit dlgbblurs lt
pbus k`ux, qu
qu‗gbs
‗gbs s`glit
s` glit hulgbbgs
h ulgbbgs sfis h`isçqulihls
h`isçq ulihls jáholu
jáho lu
sls lt qu‗gbs s`glit pr`jgtfabls fu h`rps b`rs kl blur
h`is`ddftg`i. ]`ur qu‗çefbldlit blur açiçkghtg`i sl
dfigjlstl sur bls dldarls pfr bls kgvlrs elirls
k‗`açgssfihls lt kl rgtls rfppr`hofit k‗Fbbfo Lt qul
jgifbldlit, bl slrvgtlur litrl kfis bf dgsçrgh`rkl k‗Fbbfo
kfis b‗futrl d`ikl lt kldlurl çtlrilbbldlit kfis bls
Nfrkgis fuprïs kls ]r`poïtls, kls Zçrgkgquls, kls [çd`gis
lt kls ]glux lt qulbbl lxhlbblitl h`dpfeigl lst-hl bí li
vçrgtç !
Dfgitlifit, s‗gb i‗fegt pfs kl hlttl dfigïrl, dfgs sl
bfgssl sçkugrl pfr b‗fppfrlihl kl alfutç kl hl d`ikl lt
pfr hl qu ‗gb li e`ótl, s‗gb sl jgl fux hoft`g
hoft`gldlits
ldlits kl s`i
dgrfel lt í hl qug argbbl kfis s`i rljblt 3 fu s`ujjbl kl jrfé
hol argsl fu kçaut kl s`i t`rrgkl n`ur k‗çtç 3 `u fu t`uholr
kçbghft kl sls plfux kl slrplits lt kl sh`rpg`is 3 `uabglux
lt s‗fvluebfit fu sunlt kls p`gs`is d`rtlbs qu‗gb rlhïbl
kfis sls pr`j`iklurs, kls pgïels lt jgblts tlikus p`ur bl
hfpturlr lt bl plrkrl 3 fb`rs, s‗gb li lst fgisg qu‗`i bug fi
i`ihl bl rlnlt, bf rld`itrfihl, bf pfuvrltç p`ur ui jutur
trïs pr`hol 3 fvlh b‗oudgbgftg`i, bl dçprgs kfis hl d`ikl
lt bf s`ujjrfihl pfr
p fr bl jlu kfis b ‗futrl d`ikl.
Vufit í b‗o`ddl çpr`uvç, gb b‗lst tfitût li h`isç
« argsl ³ kls « `aslrvftg`is fttlitgvls lt aglivlgbbfitls ³
(fi-ifzfrát wf fb-bfofgát) kl blurs d`uvldlits lt kl
blurs rlp`s1;7.
Blurs trgaubftg`is il vgsfglit pfs blur plrtl lt houtl
kfis bls faédls (gijlrifux), dfgs blur dgsl í çprluvl li
vul kl b‗çblhtg`i lt kl bf dgsl í iu kl bf rçfbgtç kl blur
j`g1<=. B`rsqul hlttl j`g lst purgjgçl, sçpfrçl kl t`utls
« fss`hgftg`i ³, prçtlitg`is lt oyp`hrgsgl 3 Gb blur jfgt k`i
kl shglihls, slhrlts lt budgïrls vfrgçs. Gb bls pbfhl pfrdg
bls dlgbblurs kl b‗çbgtl, blur h`ijgl Xls slhrlts lt bls ferçl
li Xf h`dpfeigl.
Bl ]r`poïtl
]r`poïtl ; X ) f kgt > « Bls pfu vrls
vrl s qug `it çtç p f
tglits s`it li h`dpfeigl ku Dgsçrgh`rkglux, fu N`ur kl bf
Qçs urrl htg` i ³ > kfis hl d`ikl lt kfis b‗futrl > kfis hl
d`ikl pfr blur hŘur, lt kfis b‗futrl fvlh blur h`rps. Bls
çprluvls s`it (p`ur lux) kls `hhfsg`is kl purgjglr blur
hŘur kl « b‗fss`hgftg`i ³, kl b‗fttfholdlit fu hrçç lt fux
hfusls slh`ikls, kls vfgis lsp`grs lt kls v`b`itçs gikgvg
kulbbls. Lbbls j`it j`ikrl prçtlitg`is lt vfigtçs, bls fvgkg
tçs lt bls rlholrhols kl rçh`dplisls pfr bls Řuvrls pgls,
pfr futfit kl klerçs, kl kldlurls çblvçls kfis b‗futrl
d`ikl, kfis bl ]frfkgs (jgrkfws ) lt bls nfrkgis.
Bl sgeil qul b‗çprluvl lst ui hoátgdlit h‗lst b‗faslihl
qulihl kl hrgdls plrpçtrçs `u kl kçs`açgssfihls h`ddg
sls 3 tfitût p`ur lxpgftg`i lt çpurftg`i (kl sls tlrigssu
rls) 3 pfrj`gs lih`rl fjgi kl erfvgr
erfv gr kls klerçs lt k‗fttlgikrl
kls kldlurls (gigtgftgquls) lt rln`gikrl bls kçtlitlurs kl bf
Xhglihl (kgvgil), hlux qug `it rçfbgsç bls kgvlrs çtfts lt
stftg`is, k‗litrl bls prgvgbçegçs klpugs [çtlrigtç pfr bf s`b
bghgtukl ku Xlgeilur
Xlgeilu r kls hrçfturls.
Blur Xlgeilur (dfwbá) blur f jfgt trfvlrslr bls k`dfg
ils kls çprluvls sur bls « d`iturls ³ kl bf tlikrl prçvl
ifihl lt kls a`itçs. Gb blur f pr`hurç bl hfbdl pfr bf
kl pftglihl kl hlbug qug li lst fttlgit, s`i lxfspçrftg`i, sf
h`dpbfgitl fuprïs kls hrçfturls.
1;7 Hlbug qug `aslrvl lt vlgbbl fvlh aglivlgbbfihl h‗lst Fbbfo, lxfbtç
s`gt-\. Hl qug i‗ldpîhol qu‗lux-dîdls s`it fttlitgjs í hlttl survlgb
bfihl kgvgil. H‗lst p`urqu`g bf trfkuhtg`i bfgssl bl sunlt gdpbghgtl
h`ddl kfis bl tlxtl frfal (blqulb kgt pfr fgbblurs > kfis blurs d`uvl
dlits).
1<=
[rgaubftg`is qug rfpplbblit bf « klshlitl fux lijlrs ³.

67; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

Bl sgeil qu‗gb s‗fegt k‗uil lxpgftg`i lt k‗uil çpurftg`i

h‗lst bf prçslihl k‗uil pftglihl ldpruitl kl eráhl, sfis Vufrfitl-sgxgïdll kgsh`urs >
Vufrfitl-sgxgïd
fuhuil pbfgitl ig dfigjlstftg`i k‗lxfspçrftg`i klvfit bls
fdgs `u v`gsgis, sfis ofreil kfis b‗fhh`dpbgssldlit kls
h`ddfikldlits lt kls Řuvrls k‗fk`rftg`i. Ku ofk àt quksà > « Hlbug qul prç `h
ofkàt
Bl sgeil qu‗gb s‗fegt k‗uil çbçvftg`i (spgrgtulbbl) h‗lst hupl D`i
D` i s`uvli
s` uvligr
gr (kgcr)... ³
bf sftgsjfhtg`i, b‗fhh`rk, bf sçrçigtç kl b‗ádl lt bf trfiqugb
bgtç klvfit b‗fhtl ku Kglu (Gbáo ) kl bf tlrrl lt kls hglux 3
fgisg qul b‗lxtgihtg`i (jfif*) kfis b‗çprluvl nusqu‗fu d`
dlit kl sf blvçl qug f bglu fprïs bl pfssfel kls n`urs lt
kls olurls Sprçvu í hlt ljjlt pfr bl kçhrlt kgvgiT. ku Bl
Xlgeilur «j$#{ A
]r`poïtl > «} Hlbug
rfpp`rtl
qulbl pr`p`s sugvfit,
prç`hhupl kl bf pfrt
D`i s`uvligr fu
p` git kl il p fs pl is
islr
lr í D l kld fik lr qulbqul
qulbq ul ho`sl. Nl
bug k`iil dglux qul hl qul rlå`gvlit bls quçdfiklurs ³.
Gb li fgisg pfrhl qul sg Fbbfo «jg# vlut çbgrl ui hr`yfit
lt bl ho`gsgr, Gb b‗fdïil í trfvlrslr pbusglurs çtfts,
b‗çpr`uvfit pfr kls trgaubftg`is i`darlusls. Gb b‗fppfuvrgt
fprïs b‗fv`gr lirghog lt b‗`aoel í (plislr í) kldfiklr fux
hrçfturls sf i`urrgturl, b`rsqu‗gb il tr`uvl pbus k‗futrls
d`ylis. Dfgs GG bl pr`tïel (fussgtût) kl hlttl sgtuftg`i, lt
b‗`abgel í (slubldlit) ldpruitlr holz bls hrçfturls. ]ugs
bl pr`tïel fussgtût kl hlttl çvlitufbgtç, lt b‗`abgel í
trfvfgbblr p`ur efeilr sf vgl, bug jfhgbgtfit kfis bl dîdl
tldps b‗litrlprgsl. Gb sl i`urrgt fb`rs kl s`i trfvfgb, hl qug
lst bf Xuiif.
Dfgs v`gbí q u‗gb bug rlik bl trfvfgb trïs kgjjghgbl
kgjjghgbl lt bug gis
pgrl (hlttl j`gs Bug-dîdl)
Bug-dîd l) kl kldfiklr
kldfik lr fux hrçfturls. Gb bug
`rk`iil bf ho`sl pfr ui `rkrl gitçrglur trïs rlh`iifgssfabl.
Lt GG jfgt p`ur hl hr`yfit kl b‗`açgssfihl í hlttl gin`ihtg`i
uil fk`rftg`i lt ku rljus k‗`atldpçrlr ui pçhoç.
pçhoç.
Gb fegt fgisg p`ur jfgrl kgspfrfétrl sf pfssg`i lt argslr sf
ifjs. Hlttl klrigïrl pfssl pfr ui çtft k‗fshïsl (rgyákf ) 1<6.

1<6
Fshï sl fu slis çtyd`b`egqul k‗ljj`rt, hj. bf i`tl
i`tl i½18;.

67
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ho`sl,
Nl bug k`iil
k`ii l dglux
dglu x qul hl qul rlå`gvlit
rlå`g vlit bls quç df
iklurs ³.

1<1 « B‗fss`hgftg`i ³ fu [`ut ]ugssfit h`isgstlrfgt í s‗fkrlsslr í bf

hrçfturl li tfit qul tlbbl, li bf h`isgkçrfit li klo`rs k‗Fbbfo.
1<8 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½5, vlrslt 67:.

Vufrfitl-slptgïdl kgsh`urs
kgsh`urs >

Ku rfppr`holdlit
rfppr`hold lit k ‗Fb
Fbbfo
bfo

Kfis bl rîvl, ui vglgb o`ddl dl kldfikf > « Vu‗lst-

hl qug
qug rrfpp
fppr`h
r`hol
ol bl slr
slrvg
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tlur
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k‗Fbbfo
fo ³ 0 ³ NNll bubugg rçp`i
rçp`i
kgs > « Gb y f kfis hlttl kçdfrhol ui kçau t lt uil jgi - Bl
kçaut h`isgstl kfis bl « shrupubl ³ (w fr f6) lt bf jgi kfis bf
sftgsjfhtg`i (rgkf), bf h`dpbïtl s`udgssg`i ( tfsbàd) lt bf
rldgsl h`ijgfitl kl sls fjjfgrls ( tfwfccub ) ³.

Vufrfitl-ougtgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl hl k`it gb h`ivg
h`ivglit
lit í ui hr`yf
hr`yfit
it
kl s‗`hhuplr

Gb gih`dal fu hr`yfit kl s‗`hhuplr li prldglr bglu kls

Řuvrls `abgeft`grls (jfrá‗gk). X‗gb bls f fhh`dpbgls t`tfbl
dlit, gb pfssl fux Řuvrls pr`prls í bf trfkgtg`i (Xuiif) ku
]r`poïtl. Lisugtl, gb s‗`hhupl kls Řuvrls surçr`eft`grls
 (,ifwájgb) lt kls Řuvrls kl dçrgtl çdgilit (jfkf gb).
X‗`hhuplr kls « Xuiif ³ fvfit kl s‗îtrl fhqugttç kl
t`utls bls Řuvrls `abgeft`grls lst stupgkgtç lt j`bgl, hfr
kfis hl hfs rgli i ‗lst fhhlptç
fhhl ptç 1<
1<;*ig prgs li h`isgkç
h` isgkçrftg`i.
rftg`i.
\i tlb h`dp`rtldlit rlssldablrfgt í hlbug k‗ui o`ddl
fpplbç pfr ui Q`g í s`i slrvghl lt qug, fu bglu kl
s‗lxçhutlr, rlstl fux `rkrls k‗ui holj bug-dîdl slrvgtlur
lt lshbfvl ku Q`g.
Gb i`us lst rfpp`rtç kl b‗Ldgr kls Hr`yfits, 'Fbà Gai
Faà-[ábga (;*) hl ofkét kl b‗Liv`yç
b‗Liv`yç k‗Fbbfo
k‗Fbbfo ; X ) > « Hlbug
qug s ‗liefel kfis bls prgïrls surçr`eft`grls fvfit Skl
s ‗fhqugttlr klsT prgïrls `abgeft`grls Slih`rl kul sT lst
h`ddl uil jld dl lihlgitl qug í b ‗fppr`hol kl s`i tlrdl
fv`rtl.
fv`rt l. Lbbl i ‗lst fb`rs pbus lihlgitl,
lihlgitl, dfgs i ‗lst pfs dïrl
p`u r futfit
futf it ³.
Kl dîdl p`ur J`rfit > Fbbfo i‗fhhlptl pfs sf prgïrl
surçr`eft`grl (iájgbf) fvfit qu‗gb il s‗fhqugttl kl sls prgï-

1<; H‗lst bf i`tg`i qul bls prgïrls il s`it pfs fhhlptçls kfis t`us
bls hfs, dfgs k`gvlit rldpbgr bls h`ikgtg`is kl vfbgkgtç.

1 =1 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

rls `abgeft`grls. @u lih`rl b‗`rfit lst h`ddl bl h`ddlr

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vrls surçr`eft`grls, sl v`gt rljusç blur dçrgtl tfit qu‗gb
i‗fhh`dpbgt pfs bls Řuvrls `abgeft`grls. Hlbf s‗fppbgqul Kl bf h`ikfdiftg`i ku s`ddlgb
çefbldlit í hlbug qug içebgel bls Řuvrls pr`prls í bf Xui
if ku ]r`poïtl, p`ur fhh`dpbgr kls prgïrls surçr`eft`grls

(iájgbf) i`i rlh`ddfikçls lxpbghgtldlit h`ddl fhh`d Hlbug qug prçjïrl bl s`ddlgb í hl qug hfusl b ‗çvlgb, f
pfe
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prgï rls `abgeft`
`abg eft`grls1
grls1<<<.
ho`gsg bl pbus gdpfrjfgt, bl pbus afs, hl qug bl rlbgl í bf
]rçhgs`is qul pfrdg bls Řuvrls `abgeft`grls, gb y f d`rt lt í b‗gifttlitg`i, fu kçtrgdlit kl t`us bls fvfitfels
b‗fafik`i kl b‗gbbghgtl (ofrád), b‗fafik`i kl « b‗fss`hgf (,dfsábgo). Hfr bl s`ddlgb lst jrïrl kl bf d`rt.
tg`i ³ í Fbbfo fvlh sls hrçfturls, b‗fafik`i kl bf
pr`tlstf
pr`t lstftg`i
tg`i jfhl í X`i Kçhrlt
Kçh rlt kgsplis
kgsp lisftlu
ftlurr ku klstgi, H‗lst k‗fgbblurs p`ur hlbf qul bl s`ddlgb il plut îtrl
b‗fafik`i kl b‗`açgssfihl fux hrçfturls (kfis blurs fttrgauç í Fbbfo g D j blqulb lst fu-klssus kl t`utl gdplr
v`b`itçs pr`prls lt kçsgrs h`itrfgrls fux h`ddfikldlits jlhtg`i. àb li lst kl dîdl p`ur bls Fiels, ku jfgt qu‗gbs
kgvgis) lt b‗fafik`i kl b‗`pp`sgtg`i í b‗@rkrl k‗FNÉáo s`it bls pbus rfppr`hoçs kl Bug. H‗lst fussg bl hfs kls elis
ku ]frfkgs, blsqulbs kldlurfit kfis bls pbus ofuts, bls
pbus purs lt bls pbus i`abls bglux, s`it lxld
lxldptçs
ptçs ku s`d
s`d 
Bl ]r`poïtl
]r` poïtl 2 X9 f kgt > « ]`git k ‗`açgssfihl í uil dlgb, qug slrfgt ui kçjfut kfis blur h`ikgtg`i. @ug bl agli,
hrçfturl qug gdpbgqulrfgt uil kçs`açgssfihl fu Hrçf t`ut bl agli, rçsgkl kfis b‗çvlgb. Lt bl dfb, t`ut bl dfb, rç
tlur ³.
sgkl kfis bl s`ddlgb lt b‗gifttlitg`i.
Hlbug qug dfiel pfr eb`ut`iilrgl, a`gt, lt k`rt alfu
h`up, rlerlttlrf alfuh`up lt b`ietldps, gb pfsslrf í hûtç
kl alfuh`up kl agli. Vufit í hlbug qug dfiel ui plu kl
b‗gbbghgtl, gb lst sldabfabl í hlbug qug dfiel alfuh`up kl
ho`sls « gikgjjçrlitls ³ ( duoáo)1<: pfr fttf fttfholdlit
holdlit (of -
1<< @i v`gt qu‗ui fttfholdl it pfss g`ii lb í kls rgtls qul b‗`i f wá). Hfr b‗gbbghgtl rlh`uvrl bf j`g lt b‗fss`dargt, t`ut
ho`gsg p`ur s`g dîdl rgsqul j`rt, p`ur bl d`gis, k‗litrfvlr bl prftg h`ddl b ‗f ‗fbh``b
bh``b fss`dargt bf rfgs`i Hfqb) lt b‗çtlgit. Xg bf
qufit. H‗lst bl dçklhgi qug k`gt îtrl nuel ku trfgtldlit, i`i bl df j`g lst litçiçarçl, gb i‗y f ig prgïrl ig fk`rftg`i Svçrgtf
bfkl. ablsT, ig sgihçrgt
sgihçrgtç.
ç. Dfgitlifi
Dfgi tlifit,t, hlbug qug dfie
dfiell alfuh`u
alfu h`upp
ku bghgtl, sur @rkrl (kgvgi) h‗lst h`ddl s‗gb li fvfgt dfi-

1<: GG s‗fegt kfis bl k`dfgil kl bf i`urrgturl,

i`urrgturl, k‗fbgdlits lt kl a`gs
s`is p lrdgsls, lt i`i gitlrkgts pfr
pfr blur ifturl
ifturl dîdl.

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1n5 GG s‗fegt ku kçpût h`ijgç ( fb-fdáif ) qu‗Fbbfo pr`p`sf fux Hglux

lt í bf [lrrl, dfgs qul slu b b ‗O`ddl fhhlptf kl prlikr
prlikrll li hofrel.
1<? Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½88, vlrslt 51.
1:= Bl Hfbfdl sur `rkrl k‗Fbbfo f çhrgt sur bf [fabl Efrkçl t`utls
1<7 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½65, vlrslt 66. ho`sls klvfit lxgstlr fu h`urs kls tldps.

1=? B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL 'f a k f b -q á k g r f b -nà b á i G 1=7

Xg qul bqu‗ui `anlhtfgt í d`i d `i pr`p`s, kgsfit > jgt, dfgs qug açiçjghgl kl t`utl bf tlikrl fssgstfihl kl sls
« H`ddlit plux-tu pfrblr kl rçh`dplisl p`ur hlbug qug pfrl its, sls pr`tlhtlur
pfrlits, pr `tlhtlurss fttlitgjs
fttl itgjs kl pf r bf eráhl
e ráhl kgvgil.
sl tr`uvl kfis bf stftg`i qul tu fs çv`quçl fb`rs qul tu bl
kçhrgs li h`dpfeigl kls « suastgtuts ³ lt kls « h`iifgs Ku jfgt qu‗gb sl kçhofrel kl bf prç`hhupftg`i kl sls gi
sfits ³ 0 SBlsqulbs s`it kls îtrlsT klvlius pfssgjs (dfjòb tçrîts gikgvgkulbs, bls hŘurs kls hrçfturls sl slitlit fttgrçs
vlrs bug, lt sl rldpbgsslit kl dgsçrgh`rkl lt s`bbghgtukl, kl
 fiçfitgs (j fi f5) pfr rfpp `rt fux hrçfturls,
jàog d) , hrçfturls, í bf ifjs,
s`rtl qul t`us sl h`dp`rtlit jfv`rfabldlit í s`i çefrk.
í b‗gklitgtç (ouwgyf )1:6, í bf v`b`itç pr`prl, fux pbfgsgrs,
fux fspgrftg`is, fux rçtrgautg`is kls fhtls. Gbs h`isgkïrlit Gb li lst fgisg p`ur hlbug qug, litgïrldlit fiigogbç í t`ut
qul blur fk`rftg`i lt `açgssfihl il s`it qul purls jfvlurs hl qug lst « futrl qu‗Fbbáo ³, i‗lst dó qul pfr X`i `rkrl
k‗Fbbfo gjjéjr 3 qul aglijfgts, dgsçrgh`rkls, eráhls lt sl `u X`i Fhtl > rçuig í Bug ( duwásgb ) pfr Xf eráhl, kfis hl
h`urs il vgliilit
vgliili t qul kl Bug Gbs h`ijlsslit
h`ijlss lit qu‗gb
qu ‗gbss il d`ikl lt kfis b‗futrl, fkubç kfis hls klux kldlurls, pr`
s`it qul kls slrvgtlurs k‗Fbbfo 3 qul bl slrvgtlur i‗f fuhui tçeç kls k`ddfels, prgs li hofrel ( dutfwfbá ), h`ddl bl
kr`gt sur s`i dfétrl ( dfwbá) 3 qul bug-dîdl, sls d`uvl kgt Fbbf o > « Hlrtls, d`i wfbà lst Fbbfo, qug f rçvçbç
dlits, sls rlp`s, sls ljj`rts s`it bf pr`prgçtç kl s`i Xlg bl Bgvrl, lt h ‗lst Bug qug prl ik li hofrel (tfwfbbf) bls
eilur 0 vlrtulux ³ 1:1.

H`ddlit k`ih, pfrblr kl rçh`dplisl, fb`rs qul bug-

dîdl i‗li kldfikl p`git, ig i‗lxgel uil rçtrgautg`i kl
sls fhtls, lt il h`isgkïrl dîdl pfs qu‗gb pugssl fv`gr ui
fhtl li pr`prl (tfit) Gb sl h`isgkïrl h`ddl gikgeil, lt
kçduig kl t`utl fhtg`i (dçrgt`grl) 0 ³
Nl rçp`ikrfgs > « [u fs kgt vrfg, sfuj qu ‗Fbbáo ‗Fbbáo ; j #
çtlik Xf Jfvlur nusqu‗í bug, bl alrhl pfr sls aglijfgts,
b‗çkuqul fvlh a`itç lt h`dpfssg`i, aglijfgsfihl, dgsçrg
h`rkl lt eçiçr`sgtç, li rfgs`i ku jfgt qu‗gb (s`i slrvgtlur)
s‗fastglit k‗fttlgikrl kls pr`jgts lt kls pbfgsgrs p`ur bug-
dîdl, `u kl s‗fttgrlr kls fvfitfels lt kl rlp`usslr kls
prçnu kghls.
kghls . Gb lst, kfis hlttl sgtuftg`i,
sgtuftg `i, sldabfa
sld abfabl
bl fu i`u r
rgss`i qug il h`iifét fuhuil gigtgftgvl li vul kl s`i pr`-

1:6 « Ouwgy yf ³ > d`t j`rdç sur bl rfkghfb Ouwf 4 Bug. Ghg trfkugt
1:1
pfr « gklitgtç ³ (s`us litliku « `rkgifgrl ³) lt i`i pfr « gpsçgtç ³. Hfr Vu
Vur‗ái
r‗ái,, s`urftl i½5, v lrslt 67:.
h‗lst b`rsqul b‗îtrl plrk sls jfussls gklitgjghftg`is lt rlklvglit pblg
ildlit « Bug-Dîdl ³ qu‗gb rlh`uvrl b‗gklitgtç suprîdl, bf Ouwgyyf
fu slis fas`bu (`u gpsçgtç).

Hgiqufitl-kluxgïdl
Hgiqufitl-kluxgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl bf rfgs`i p`ur bfqulbbl hlrtfgis

hr`yfits s`it
s `it dgs í b‗çprluvl

Fbbfo çpr`uvl ui er`upl kl hr`yfits agli-fgdçs,

k‗litrl bls elis kl bf wgbáyf, p`ur bls h`itrfgikrl í
b‗gdpb`rlr. Hfr G
Gfgdl litlikrl blurs gdpb`rftg`is.
B`rsqu‗gbs bug kldfiklit (qulbqul ho`sl) Gb fgdl bls
lxfuhlr. Gb k`iil fb`rs blur kó í bf eçiçr`sgtç ( cfrfd) lt í
bf bgaçrfbgtç (nòk), blsqulbbls s`bbghgtlit uil rçp`isl jfv`
rfabl p`ur bls hr`yfits. Hlplikfit, b‗fhh`rk plut îtrl fh
qugs sfis îtrl gddçkgftldlit sugvg kl bf rçp`isl ljjlh
tgvl 3 hlhg í hfusl ku rltfrk prçvu pfr bl kçhrlt ( qfkfr ) lt
i`i pfr rljus k‗lxfuhlr bf kldfikl. Vul bl slrvgtlur
s‗çkuqul kfis bl rlsplht kls h`ivlifihls ( ákáa) fu d`
dlit kl bf « klshlitl ³ kls çprluvls. Vu‗gb s‗lxfdgil lt
prliill h`is hglih l kl sls pçho
prlii pçhoçs
çs kfis bl i`i rlsplh
rls plh t kls
h`ddfikldlits kgvgis (p`sgtgjs lt içeftgjs), pçhoçs dfig
jlstls `u hfhoçs. Vu‗gb h`isgkïrl sls rçalbbg`is h`itrl bls
kçhrlts qu‗gb f (k‗fgbblurs) dçrgtçs pfr sls jfutls. Xg
b‗çprluvl lst blvçl, trïs agli 3 sgi`i qu‗gb prgl lt gdpb`rl
oudabldlit, holrhol í sl jfgrl lxhuslr lt plrsgstl kfis bf
kldfikl 3 hfr gb sl p`urrfgt qu‗gb (Fbbfo) b‗çpr`uvl p`ur
qu‗gb s‗fkrlssl í Bug. Lt qu‗gb il B‗fhhusl p`git sg bf rç
p`isl tfrkl í vligr, h`dd l i`us b‗fv`is lxpbgquç.
Lt Fbbfo lst pbus sfvfit !
 Hgiqufitl-tr`gsgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl b‗@rkrl k‗gdpb`rlr
bf sftgsjfhtg`i (rgkf) k‗Fbbfo,
lt kl s ‗fiçfitgr (jfif ) li Bug (agog)1:8

Kldfiklz í Fbbfo «gb# bf sftgsjfhtg`i (rgkf) `u

b‗lxtgihtg`i (jfif‗). Gb s‗fegt ku pbus erfik rlp`s, ku slub
]frfkgs çblvç kfis hl afs d`ikl.

H‗lst bf pbus erfikl p`rtl (k`iifit fhhïs) í Fbbfo lt bf

hfusl kl b‗Fd`ur k‗Fbbío p`ur X`i slrvgtlur hr`yfit. @r,
hlbug qu‗Fbbfo fgdl il h`iifétrf pfs kl s`ujjrfihl kfis hl
d`ikl `u kfis b‗futr
b‗futrl.
l.
Hlttl kldfikl gdpbgqul kl « rln`gikrl ³ (buoòq) Fbbfo
«jg# lt kl « s‗uigr ³ (wusòb) í Bu g1:;.
Il v`us `hhu `hhuplz
plz pfs kl rlho lrho lr bls pbfgsg rs lt bls
pfrts fbb`uç ls, qu ‗lbbls v`us rlvgl iil it kl pblg i kr` gt `u
i`i. Xg hlttl pfrt il t‗lst pfs klstgiçl, bf rlholrholr lst
purll s`ttgsl
pur s `ttgsl lt gei
gei`rfi
`rfihl.
hl. H ‗lst fus
fussg
sg ui hoátgd lit kl s pbu s
gdpbfhfabls. H`ddl `i b‗f kgt > « ]frdg bls hoátgdlits bls

1:8 Ag-og 4 li Bug, pfr Bug, fvlh Bug. Hl s`it bf bls tr`gs blhturls
prçp`sgtg`i « ag ³.
p`ssgabls kl hlttl prçp`sgtg`i

1:; Buouq «rfttrfplr³ lt wusòb «pfrvligr nusqu‗í³. Agli sór

«pfrvligr³ i‗gdpbgqul pfs ui kçpbfhldlit, dfgs k‗frrgvlr í Bl
h`iifétrl, h`ddl b‗f prçhgsç bl sfyo Gai 'Ftá‗ Fbbfo fb-Gscfikfré. Gb
i‗y f pfs pbus k‗uig`i kfis bl slis kl klux ho`sls kgstgihtls qug ju
sg`ii lrfgli t p`ur i‗li jfgrl q u‗uil. Hj. bl tgtrl ku <; bîdl kgsh `urs p` ur
uil futrl trfkuhtg`i kl bf dîdl gkçl.

16; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL 'f a k f b -q á k g r f b -né b á i ! 16<

pbus kurs, gb y f bl jfgt kl holrholr

holr holr í ` atligr
atli gr uil pfr
pfrtt i`i lstgdlr lt kçprçhglr bls ho`sls li blur p`sslssg`i. ]fr
prçvul
prç vul kfis sf klstgiçl
klstg içl ³. h`itrl, bls `anlts o`rs kl blur fttlgitl lt k`it n`ugsslit
k‗futrls qu‗lux, pfrfgsslit suabgdls í blurs hŘurs lt blurs
Xg pfr h`itrl, hlttl pfrt lst agli li rçslrvl p`ur v`us, ylux. Gbs s‗liefelit li h`isçqulihl í blur p`ursugtl,
p`ursugtl, pl r
s‗li prç`hhuplr
prç`hhu plr i‗lst
i ‗lst qu‗fvgkgtç abádfabl lt « fss`hgf
tg`i ³ ku p`git kl vul kl J fk`rftg`i lt kl J fd`ur vçrgtf kfit blur vgl
vglgbbgsslit lt blurs
fgisg, blurs çilregls
j`rhls slkfis hlttl litrlprgsl.
kgsplrslit, Gbs
blurs h`rps
abl. Li ljjlt, sl prç` hhuplr
hhup lr « kk‗futrl
‗futrl qu ‗Fbbfo ³ lst s‗çpugslit, blurs jr`its trfispgrlit. Blurs bgvrls S`÷ bls fh
« fss`hgftg`i ³ (sgrc). Holrholr bf j`rtuil lt bl pbfgsgr il tls s`it lirlegstrçs li vul ku Nueldlit klriglrT sl i`gr
h`rrlsp`ik pfs í bf sgihçrgtç kfis J fd`ur lt í Xf ]r`xgdg hgsslit pfr b‗fa`ikfihl kls pçhoçs h`ddgs kfis hlttl rl
tç. Hlbug qug prçjïrl fuprïs k‗Fbbfgt « futrl qul Bug ³ lst holrhol ljjrçiçl qug gdpbgqul b‗fafik`i kls h`ddfikl
ui dlitlur 3 gb holrhol uil h`dplisftg`i p`ur sls fhtls 3 dlits kl blur Xlgeilur. Gbs qugttlit hl d`ikl kfis
gb i‗lst pfs sgihïrl. b‗gikgelihl h`dpbïtl, « « ‗fppfrt
fppfrtlifit
lifit ig í hlux-hg ig í
Hlbug qug lst sgihïrl fk`rl Fbbfo p`ur k`iilr í bf hlux-bí ³1:
³1:<.
« Xlgeilurgl ³ (ruaòagyyf) bl kó rlvlifit í Xf Q`yfutç lt Li ljjlt, gbs i‗`it ig rldlrhgç blur Xlgeilur p`ur blur
í Xf Zçrgtç (ofqàqf). Hfr bl Zrfg p`ssïkl
p`ssïk l t`tfbldlit qu`tl-pfrt, li s‗li fgkfit p`ur X`i fk`rftg`i, ig `atliu
s`i slrvgtlur lt X`i Kr`gt lxgeç kl hl klriglr qu‗gb bls pfrts `htr`yçls í k‗futrls qu‗lux-dîdls lt qu‗gbs
B‗fk`rl pfr sls d`uvldlits lt sls rlp`s lt t`utls sls fvfglit tfit rlholrhoçls. Gbs `it pbutût plrku hl d`ikl-hg
litrlprgsls. Bl slrvgtlur lt t`ut hl qug bug fppfrtglit lst bf lt b‗futrl. Gbs s`it bls pgrls hrçfturls, bls pbus gei`rfitls,
p`sslssg
p`s slssg`i
`i kl X`i Dfétrl.
Dfétrl . H`d
H`ddli
dlitt i ‗li slrfgt-gb
slrfgt -gb pfs bls pbus stupgkls, hlbbls k`it bf rfgs`i lt b‗gitugtg`i s`it
fgisg 0 I`us fv`is d`itrç í pbusglurs rlprgsls qul t`utls prftgquld
prftg quld lit gilxgstfi
gi lxgstfitls.
tls. Xg slubldli
slu bldlitt gbs fvfgli
f vfglitt ferçç bl
bls Řuvrls k‗fk`rftg`i s`it li jfgt bl aglijfgt k‗Fbbfo lt Xf kçhrlt kgvgi, s‗çtfglit h`itlitçs kl bf pfrt rlåul lt fttfhoçs
Jfvlur fhh`rkçl fu slrvgtlur. Gb bug f k`iiç bf eráhl kl bls í s‗fhqugttlr lxhlbblddlit kl b‗fk`rftg`i kl blur
fhh`dpbgr, b‗çilregl p`ur bls rçfbgslr. Xlgeilur ! Blurs
Blurs qu`tls-pfrts kl hl d`ikl blur slrfglit slrfglit
Kfis hl hfs, gb vfut agli dglux p`ur bug kl s‗`hhuplr í pfrvliul
pfrv liulss sfis fuhuil
fuhui l plgil. Gbs furfglit
furfgl it lisugtl
lisug tl çtç
rldlrhglr (sucr) s`i Xlgeilur qul kl kldfiklr kls trfisjçrçs kfis bf pr`xgdgtç kl « b‗Lxfbtç, bl ]bus Ofut ³
rçtrgautg`is
rçtrgautg`is p`ur Xls Fhtls ! Kl pbus
pbus,, h`ddlit t ‗liefelr
‗liefelr (fb-'fbà fb-Fbá), tr`uvfit fuprïs kl Bug t`ut hl qu‗gb lst
kfis bf rlquîtl kls pbfgsgrs lt kl bf a`iil j`rtuil, fb`rs p`ssgabl
p`ssg abl kl
k l kçsgrlr
kçsg rlr `u kl s`uofgtlr.
s` uofgtlr.
qul tu v`gs kl i`darlusls hrçfturls sl bfgsslr çefrlr pfr ]ugssl Fbbfo i`us çtfabgr fu rfie kl hlux qug ferçlit
b‗grrgtftg`i livlrs blur Xlgeilur, bls pbfgitls lt b‗gierftg X`i Kçhrlt (qfká% qug gdpb`rlit hlttl jfvlur fgisg qul
tukl livlrs bls aglijfgts, hofqul j`gs (nustldlit) qu‗gbs `it hlbbl kl b‗lxtgihtg`i (jfif o !
çtç jfv`rgsçs pfr ui fhhr`gssldlit kl k`is, kl pbfgsgrs lt
kl j`rtuil 0
Blurs s`uhgs lt fie`gssls fuedlitlit 3 fgisg qul blur
als` gi kl k`iftg`
als`gi k `iftg`is
is i`i
i `i prçvuls
prçv uls p`
p`ur
ur lux
l ux lt qug
q ug bl ur dfi
d fi
qulr`it k`ih t`un`urs. Gbs li vgliilit í dçprgslr, s`us- 1:X Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½; fi-igsá‗ (bls jlddls), vlrslt 6;8.
 Hgiqufitl-quftrgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl hlbug qug fspgrl

í bf « rçfbgsftg`i ³ li Fbbfo
(fb-wusòb gbá Fbbfo )y lt bf dfigïrl
Fbbfo)y
kl pfrvligr
pfrv ligr nu
nusq
sq u‗í Bug «
«jjb#

Vugh`iqul fspgrl í b ‗futrl d`ikl, q u‗gb rli`ihl 1:: í hl

d`ikl-hg. Vugh`iqul fspgrl í Fbbfo qu‗gb rli`ihl í b‗futrl
d`ikl.
Vu‗gb fafik`iil s`i d`ikl k‗ghg-afs p`ur s`i futrl
d`ikl, lt hl klriglr p`ur s`i Xlgeilur. [fit qul kfis s`i
hŘur plrsgstl ui kçsgr kl hl d`ikl, k‗uil n`ugssfihl, k‗ui
rlp`s, ui kçsgr sl rfpp`rtfit í qulbqul ho`sl kl bf ifturl
ku dfielr, ku a`grl, ku vîtldlit, ku slxl, kl b‗ofagtft,
kls d`iturls, ku p`uv`gr, kl b‗`atlitg`i k‗ui rfie kfis
uil shglihl k‗litrl hlbbls qug sl rfpp`rtlit fux kgvlrsls
kgshgpbgils fbbfit fu-klbí kl bf h`iifgssfihl kls fk`rf
tg`is `abgeft`grls, h`ddl ku ofkét, kls d`kfbgtçs kl rçhg
tftg`is kl Vur‗ái, kl bf erfddfgrl, kl b‗lxprlssg`i, kl
b‗çb`qulihl, kls d`ylis kl hofsslr bf pfuvrltç lt k‗fttgrlr
bf rgholssl, k‗çhfrtlr bls dfbolurs lt kl jfgrl fkvligr
b‗gitçergtç ( 'ájgyf), arlj k‗çvgtlr bls k`ddfels lt k‗`atligr
bls pr`jgts) 3 hlbug-bí i‗f pfs rçlbbldlit rli`ihç. Li ljjlt,
kfis hofhuil kl hls ho`sls, gb y f uil n`ugssfihl p`ur bf
ifjs, ui fhh`rk fvlh bf pfssg`i, ui rlp`s lt ui fd`ur p`ur
bl tldpçrfdlit ( tf tfaa h). @r t`ut hlbf jfgt pfrtgl kl hl d`ikl,

1::
^uok > hj. bf i`tl i½18
i½18;.
;.

16 ? b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l
'f a k f b -q í k g r f b -n éb á i é 167

gihgtl í y kldlurlr, lt plrdlt kl s‗y h`dpbfgrl trfiqugbbl- (dfgs) pfr purl jfvlur lt dgsçrgh`rkl kl Xf pfrt. Gb bl rfp-
dlit. pr`hol
pr` hol rf kl Bug fvlh a`itç. Gb sl jlrf h`iifétrl
h`ii fétrl í B ug pfr
t`utls lspïhls kl s`bbghgtukls, h`ddl GG bl jfgt fvlh Xls
Gb jfut k`ih qu‗gb h`dafttl (ngoák) p`ur çvfhulr hls
hls kç- Liv`yçs, Xls ]r`poïtls, Xls « Xfgits ³ ( fwbgyf ), Xls ]rg-
sgrs kl s`i hŘur lt sfgsgssl çilregquldlit sf ifjs kfis bl vgbçegçs lt Xls Fdgs (foaáa ), (t`us) kçtlitlurs kl Xf
jlrdl klsslgi kl bls li jfgrl s`rtgr lt kl bls frrfholr 3 kl
H`
H`ii
iifgss
fgss fih l1:?.
bug jfgrl fhhlptlr bl içfit, b‗gikgelihl lt bf pfuvrltç plr-
dfilitl. Dîdl uil trfhl gijgdl il k`gt pfs plrsgstlr. Vul Bl slrvgtlur v`gt fb`rs sf h`ikgtg`i ( fdr ) s‗fdçbg`rlr
s`i rli`ihldlit í hl d`ikl s`gt sgihïrl lt pur. B`rsqul kl n`ur li n`ur plikfit sf vgl tlrrlstrl. ]ugs, gb lst trfisjç-
hlttl çtfpl lst rçfbgsçl, bls fhhfabldlits lt bls trgstlssls rç í bf kldlurl klrigïrl vlrs hl « qu ‗fuhui Řgb i ‗f vu, ig
kgspfrfgsslit ku hŘur lt kls vgshïrls. F blur pbfhl vgli- `rlgbbl litliku, ig i ‗lst fkvliu fu hŘur k ‗ui oudfgi ³ ³..
ilit bl rlp`s, b‗lihofitldlit lt b‗gitgdgtç fvlh Fbbfo, Hlbf kçpfssl bls litlikldlits lt iubbl lxprlssg`i il plut
h`ddl b‗f kgt
kgt bl ]r`poïtl { X ) > « Bl rli`i hldli t (zuok)
(z uok) bl h`dduigqulr.
kfis hl d`ikl rlp`sl bl hŘur lt bl h`rps ³. Lt Fbbfo lst pbus sfvfit !
[fit qul kfis bl hŘur plrsgstl ui fttfholdlit í hl
d`ikl, bls s`uhgs, bls plurs lt bls hrfgitls y ofagtlit. Gb
e`ótl içhlssfgrldlit í b‗oudgbgftg`i kl b‗fafik`i, sl rl-
tr`uvl v`gbç pfr rfpp` rt í Fbbfo lt í Xf ]r`xgdgtç,
livlb`ppç s`us k‗çpfgs rlpbgs. Hlttl sgtuftg`i il plut hls-
slr qu‗fvlh bf kgspfrgtg`i t`tfbl kl b‗fd`ur kl hl d`ikl,
bf rupturl kl t`utl fttfhol lt b‗ljjfhldlit dîdl kl sls
trfhls1:5.

Lisugtl, bl slrvgtlur rli`ihl í b‗futrl d`ikl.

Gb il holrhol p`git bls klerçs, bls kldlurls spgrgtulbbls
çblvçls, bls o`urgs, bls çpoïals, bls dfgs`is, bls pfbfgs, bls
nfrkgis,
nfrk gis, bls d `iturls,
`itu rls, bls r`als k‗o`i ilur , bls i`urrgturls
i`u rrgturls,,
bls a`gss`is, `u t`utls futrls ho`sls qu ‗Fbbfo f pr`-
dgsls í sls slrvgtlurs hr`yfits. Gb il k`gt p`git kldfiklr
kl rçtrgautg`i ig kl rçh`dplisl p`ur sls fhtls, ig kfis hl
d`ikl ig kfis b‗futrl. H‗lst slubldlit í hlttl h`ikgtg`i 1:? \bò fb-'gbd ag-og > bls kçtlitlurs kl bf Xhglihl pfr Bug, li Bug,
qu ‗gb
‗gb tr`uvlrf Fbbfo qug bug k`iil rf sf h`itrlpfrtgl, fvlh Bug, hj. bf i`tl i½1:8.

1:5 Xlb`i ui fpo`rgsdl ku tfsf wwu j > « bf klrigïrl ho`sl qug s`rt
ku hŘur kls vçrgkgquls, h ‗lst b‗fd`ur ku
ku h`ddfikldlit ³.
 Hgiqufitl-hgiqugïdl
Hgiqufitl-hgiqugïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl b‗fafik`i kls pbfgsgrs

B‗fafik`i kls pbfgsgrs f bglu tr`gs j`gs.

bf prldgïrl j`gs, bl slrvgtlur lst pb`ieç kfis s`i fvlu
ebldlit, fegssfit s`us b‗gdpubsg`i kl s`i tldpçrfdlit
(ntfa = kfis t`us sls çtfts, sfis fuhuil fk`rftg`i kl s`i
Xlgeilur ig h`itrfgitl gdp`sçl pfr bf B`g Xfhrçl ( sf r =, ig
dîdl fuhuil bgdgtl í bfqulbbl gb s‗frrîtl kfis sls kçhg
sg`is. Gb li vf fgisg nusqu‗í hl qu‗Fbbío p`rtl sur bug ui
rlefrk kl dgsçrgh`rkl. Gb bug liv`gl fb`rs uil kl Xls hrçf
turls k‗litrl Xls slrvgtlurs vlrtulux p`ur b‗fkd`ilstlr lt
b‗çvlgbblr. Fbbfo bug fn`utl sgdubtfiçdlit ui slrd`iilur
gitlril.
B‗fhtg`i h`inueuçl kl hls klux jfhtlurs b‗ldp`rtl sur
sf ifjs lt sf ifturl (tfa'). B‗fkd`ilstftg`i fhh`dpbgt s`i
Řuvrl. Bf ifjs rçfbgsl bl shfikfbl kl s`i h`dp`rtldlit,
kl sf holvfuhoçl ljjrçiçl sur bf d`iturl ku tldpçrfdlit
lt kl sf rçalbbg`i (livlrs bls @rkrls kgvgis). Lbbl gihbgil
fb`rs í bf B`g sfhrçl kfis t`utls hls fhtgvgtçs. Bl slrvgtlur
klvglit fgisg s`udgs (dusbgd ), sl tlifit í bf B`g, fiigogbç
livlrs bf ifturl figdfbl {tfa
{t fa 6).
Gb fafik`iil « b‗gbbghgtl ³ kl hl d`ikl, bl « k`utlux ³,
lt b‗fssgstfihl kls hrçfturls. Gb sl sfgsgt ku « plrdgs ³ pfr
bl Zrfg lt ku « bghgtl ³ kl bf B`g, kfis hl qug f trfgt í
sf i`urrgturl, sf a`gss`i, sls vîtldlits, sf slxufbgtç 3 kfis
t`ut hl qug bug lst içhlssfgrl p`ur prçslrvlr sf sfitç lt s`i
çilregl li vul kl b‗fk`rftg`i kl s`i Xlgeilur GG rl
å`gt bl b`t prçvu p`ur bug kfis hlttl vgl, qu‗gb il plut

111 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL 'FAK f b - q á k g r f b - n à b á i é 118

k‗fgbblurs qugttlr sfis fu prçfbfabl b‗fv`gr pblgildlit `a
tliu.
Gb v`yfel
v`yf el k`ih sur bf d`iturl ku « plrdgs ³ lt ku
« bghgtl ³, slb`i bf b`g Xfhrçl, nusqu‗fu slugb kl bf wgbáyf
(fdgtgç kgvgil) lt b‗litrçl kfis bl er`upl kls « hlrtgjgçs ³
(duofqgqài) , 1:7 bls çbus k‗litrl bls elis kl bf jlrdl rçs`
butg`i Hfzàdf), bls fspgrfits fu Zrfg «jòC
]ugs gb dfiel sur @rkrl115=1
:715=1.56 H‗lst fb`rs qu‗gb litlik ui
fpplb vlifit ku Zrfg lt s`rtfit kl s`i j`r gitçrglur >
« fafik`iil t`i gikgvgkufbgtç (ifjsgcf ) lt vglis ! ³
Fafik`iil bls kgstrfhtg`is lt (t`ut) bl hrçl sg tu kçsgrls
bl Hrçftlur. Ûtl tls sfikfbls > (í sfv`gr) t`i d`ikl k‗ghg-
afs lt t`i d`ikl
d`ik l kl b ‗fu-klbí. Lt s`rs (éfnfrrfk) kls d`i
kls lt kls lxgstfits (dfwnukáj), kl t`ut hl qug slrf (kfis
bl jutur),
jutur), kl b ‗li
‗lisldabl
sldabl kls lspçrfihls
lspçrfihls ! Kçp`ugbbl-t`g lt
fiigogbl-t`g gitçerfbldlit. X`gs olurlux ku tfwogk lt
fafik`iil « b‗fss`hgftg`i ³ (sgrc) lt dîdl bf sgihçrgtç kl
bf v`b`itç (sgkq fb-grgák f)d .
Lisugtl, j`ubl bl tfpgs (kl bf ]rçslihl kgvgil) fvlh t`us
bls çefrks (ákáa) kós, tîtl afgssçl li sgeil k‗oudgbgtç. Il
rlefrkl ig í kr`gtl vlrs b‗futrl d`ikl, ig í efuhol vlrs hl
d`ikl-hg, ig vlrs bls hrçfturls, ig vlrs bls kçblhtftg`is.
X‗gb1551 litrl kfis hlttl stftg`i, lt qul sl rçfbgsl « b‗frrg
X‗gb1
vçl ³ (wwsòb), bf r`al k‗o`iilur bug pfrvglit kl bf pfrt ku
Zrfg g § = - Gb lst rlh`uvlrt kl h`iifgssfihls kl t`utls s`r
tls lt kl jfvlurs. Gb bug lst kgt > « H`uvrl-t`g kl aglijfgts lt
jfvlurs, lt il dfigjlstl p`git uil dfuvfgsl çkuhftg`i li
rljusfit kl bls rlvîtgr ³. Hfr (kfis hlttl hgrh`istfihl) bl
rlnlt kls aglijfgts `jjlrts pfr bl Q`g h`istgtulrfgt p`ur bug
ui rçlb `utrfel. Gb s‗`ril fb`rs pfr Fbbfo, kl jfvlurs lt kl
sf pfrt fbb`uçl, sfis y îtrl gdpbgquç. Fupfrfvfit gb s‗li
rlvîtfgt pfr pfssg`i lt s`us [ gdpubsg`i kl sf ifjs.
Gb h`iifét k`ih li t`ut quftrl çtfts1
çtf ts1558 kfis bf dfigïrl
k‗fttlgikrl bls pbfgsgrs lt bls b`ts qug bug s`it klstgiçs.
Bl prldglr pfr bls gdpubsg`is ifturlbbls (slubls) > h‗lst
« b‗gitlrkgt ³ (ofrád) dîdl.
Bl slh`ik pfr bf B`g (sfr) > h‗lst bl « plrdgs ³ lt bl
« bghgtl ³.
Bl tr`gsgïdl pfr `açgssfihl í b‗@rkrl (ku Xlgeilur) >
h‗lst bf h`ikgtg`i kl wgbáyf (sfgitltç) lt k‗fafik`i kl bf

1:7 Duofqàqòi 4 hlux qug rçfbgslit bl vrfg, bl rçlb 3 hlux qug s`it
«rçfbgsçs ³. Kfis hl h`itlxtl, gb il s‗fegt dfigjlstldlit pfs ku aut
ubtgdl, h‗lst p`urqu`g bl d`t f çtç rliku pfr « hlrtgjgçs ³.
Nlfi Qly`r f çhrgt qul Qliç Euçi`i jót bl prldglr í utgbgslr bl d`t
kl « rçfbgsftg`i ³ p`ur kçsgeilr bl aut ku pfrh`urs gigtgftgqul. Xg tlb lst
bl hfs, gb f pu s‗gispgrlr kl b‗frfal tfoqàq qug vglit kl ofqq (bl rçlb).
15= « Dfielr ³ f ui slis syda`bgqul qug sl rfpp`rtl í b‗fssgdgbf
tg`i kl bf H`iifgssfihl.
« Xur `rkrl ³ gikgqul uil kçdfrhol, p`ur hlttl fssgdgbftg`i, plr
kul klpugs b`ietldps pfr bf dlitfbgtç d`klril, qug vgsgabldlit f
pfssg`i .
pfssg`i.
Bl quftrgïdl pfr bf purl jfvlur Sk‗FbbfoT > h‗lst b‗çtft
kl bf kgspfrgtg`i kl bf v`b`itç pr`prl lt kl b‗`atlitg`i kl
bf « afkfbgyyf ³ (h`ikgtg`i kl « suastgtut ³).
151 GG y f ui hofieldlit arusqul kl pr`i`d plrs`iilb. Gb lst gitç
rlssfit kl h`istftlr qu‗í hlt likr`gt hlbf h`rrlsp`ik fu kçpfssldlit
ku igvlfu kl b‗gikgvgkufbgtç kfis bf klshrgptg`i ku pfrh`urs qul k`iil
bl sfyo (gb i‗y f pbus kl « t`g ³).
158 K`it bl prldglr il h`ihlril pfs « b‗fafik`i ³ kls pbfgsgrs.
 alfuh`up kl dfb í h`ihlv`gr hl qul plut îtrl bf H`iifgssfihl.
Hl qug lst h`ij`rdl í bf prldgïrl porfsl ku kgsh`urs > « b‗fafik`i
156 Bfqulbbl f dfgitlifit rldpbgl s`i rûbl. kls pbfgsgrs f bglu tr`gs j`gs ³.

11 ; b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l

Gb lst (fb`rs) bug-dîdl kçsgrç, p`rtç pfr bl kçhrlt ( qf-

kf r ), h‗lst-í-kgrl pfr b‗Fhtl k‗Fbbfo. H‗lst bí bf h`ikgtg`i
kl bf Xhglihl lt kl bf qufbgjghftg`i pfr bf vlrtu. I‗lst Hgiqufitl-sgxgïdl kgsh`urs >
fpplbç « vlrtulux ³ (sábgo ) li rçfbgtç qul hlbug qu g f fttlgit
hlttl stftg`i. H‗lst bf ]fr`bl kgvgil > « Hlrtls, d`i wfbé
lst Fbbfo qug f rçvçbç bl Bg Bgvrl,
vrl, lt h‗lst Bug qug prli k li Kl b‗lxtgihtg`i (jfif ) ku slrvgtlur í
hofrel (tfwfbbf) bls vlrtulux (sábgogi ) ³15;.
Gb s‗fegt ku slrvgtlur qug f hlssç k‗lssfylr k‗fttgrlr í bug
b‗çefrk kls hrçfturls, kl bf pfssg`i,
bls fvfitfels `u kl rlp`usslr bls gih`ivçiglits. Gb lst pf kl bf ifj
ifjss, kl bf v`b`itç gikgvgkulbbl
rlgb fu i`urrgss`i fuprïs kl sf i`urrghl, `u ku d`rt litrl
bls dfgis ku bfvlur kl d`rts. Bf Dfgi kl bf pr`vgklihl
lt kls vfgils lspçrfihls
b‗çkuqu l sfis qu ‗gb il dfigjlstl ui « bgarl-ho`gx ³
(gotgyár) `u ui kçsgr kl dfétrgsl (tfkaàr). Fiçfitg í b‗çefrk
kl t`ut hlbf, sfis çtft, ig stftg`i,
stftg`i, ig v `ub`gr pr`prl. B`rsqul bl slrvgtlur s‗fiigogbl (jfif = í b‗çefrk kls
Fhh`rkç í bf ]ugssfihl (kgvgil), gb lst pfrj`gs olurlux, hrçfturls, kl bf pfssg`i, kl bf ifjs, kl bf v`b`itç lt kls ls
pfrj`gs
pfrj `gs lirghog `u lih`rl
li h`rl fppfuvrg.
fppfuvr g. D fgs gb il
i l ho`gsgt,
ho`gs gt, ig il pçrfi hls kfis hl d`ik l `u kfis b‗futrl
b‗futr l 3 qu ‗gb i ‗fspgrl
s`uofgtl bf kgspfrgtg`i kl hl qug bug fkvglit. H‗lst bf qu‗í Fbbfo { X ) lt qul t`ut f qugttç
qugttç s`i hŘur, gb lst
sftgsjfhtg`i plrdfilitl lt b‗fhh`rk plrpçtulb. Z`gbí « frrgvç ³ (wfsfbf ) fu Zrfg Hlbug-hg b‗f ho`gsg, çbu,
b‗fa`utgssldlit kls çtfts kls Fw bgy á‗‗ (Xfgits), qul blurs fgdç lt bl rlik fgdfabl fux hrçfturls. Gb jfgt kl bug ui
slhrlts s`glit sfihtgjgçs ! fd`urlux qug rlholrhol Xf ]r`xgdgtç, qug n`ugt kl Xf Jf
vlur, qug çv`bul kfis X`i Aglijfgt. Gb bug `uvrl bls p`rtls
kl Xf Dgsçrgh`rkl, bug pr`dlttfit kl il nfdfgs bls rljlr
dlr klvfit bug.
H‗lst fb`rs qul bl slrvgtlur « ho`gsgt ³ Fbbfo, kçhgkl sl
b`i Xf Kçhgsg`i, kçsgrl slb`i X`i Kçsgr, sl sftgsjfgt kl Xf
Xftgsjfhtg`i, `açgssfit í X`i @rkrl, lt í iub futrl. Gb il
v`gt k‗fgbblurs pfs b‗lxgstlihl `u b‗fhtl k‗ui « futrl qul
Bug ³.
F hl stfkl, gb lst t`ut í jfgt p`ssgabl q u‗Fbbfo bug pr`
dlttl qulbqul ho`sl, dfgs pfr bf sugtl i‗li d`itrl pfs bf
15; rçfbgsftg`i í s`i slrvgtlur. Gb i‗fpp`rtl pfs, pfr lxldpbl,
Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½61, vlr slt 67
67:.
:. bl hofieldlit qul hl klriglr s‗lst gdfegiç h`ddl klvfit
fkvligr. Gb li lst fgisg pfrhl qul b‗« fbtçrgtç ³ s‗lst çvf
i`ugl í bf sugtl kl bf kgspfrgtg`i kl bf pfssg`i lt kl bf v`
b`itç gikgvgkulbbl ku slrvgtlur.
slrvgtlur.

11: B ‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL 'fsk fb-qákgr fb-nàbíié 115

Hl klriglr lst t`tfbldlit uigj

uigjgç
gç pfr s`i v`ub`gr í b ‗Fhtl Hlplikfit, bl ]r`poïtl lst b‗`anlt ku Z`ub`gr kgvgi
k‗Fbbfo - kfis
kfis hl hfs
hfs,, bf pr`dlssl
pr`dlssl k‗Fbbáo
k‗Fbbáo ; b# lst {durák fb-ofq ), gb il rlstl pfs kçbfgssç kfis uil dîdl
sldabfabl í hlbbl qul sl jfgt ui o`ddl í bug-dîdl, pugs h`ikgtg`i 3 dfgs GG b‗fttgrl í Bug pfr bl Kçhrlt (qfkfr). ]ugs
pf r bbff sugtl hhofie
ofiell s`i `rglitftg
`rg litftg`i.
`i. bug `htr`yfit bl p`uv`gr sur hlbug-hg, bl trfisjlrt í ui futrl
H‗lst h`ddl « b‗far`eç ³ lt « b‗far`elfit ³ kfis bf rç çtft.
vçbftg`i qu‗Fbbfo f jfgtl í i`trl ]r`poïtl ; X ). Kfis Gb b‗çvlgbbl pfr Xls pfr`bls > « Il sfgs -tu pf s q u ‗Fb bf o
Xf ]fr`bl > «I `u s i ‗far`el`is
far`el`is ui vlrslt `u il bl jf g lst sur t`utl ho`sl pugssfit 0 ³157. Hl qug sgeigjgl > tu ls
s`is `uabglr sfis li fpp`rt
fpp`rtlr
lr ui dlgbblur `u ui sld abf pb`ieç
pb`i eç kfis b ‗@hçfi ku K lstgi {qfkfr), k`it bls vfeuls tl
abl. Il sfgs-
sfgs-tu
tu pfs qu ‗Fbbfo lst sur t`utl ho`sl pu gs r`ublit kfis t`us bls slis.
sfit 0 ³
³15
15<.
Bf jgi kl b ‗fjjfgrl
‗fjjfgrl (fdr) ku « Xfgit ³ (wfbt) lst bl kçaut
Bl ]r`poïtl çtfgt kçp`ssçkç kl bf pfssg`i lt kl bf kl hlbbl ku ]r`poïtl (ifag). Gb i‗y f fprïs bf wgbáyf (sfgi
v`b`itç gikgvgkulbbl,
gikgvgkulbbl, sfuj kfis bls hgrh`istfihls
hgrh`istfihls q u‗Fbbfo tltç) lt bf afkfbgyyf (h`ikgtg`i kl « suastgtut ³) qul bf iu-
;6# çv`qul kfis bl Vur‗ái, h`ddl kfis bl hfs kls prg auwwf (pr`poçtgl).
s`iiglrs kl bf aftfgbbl kl Afkr > « Z`us fspgrlz
fspgrlz fux aglis
Lt Fbbfo lst pbus sfvfit !
kl hl d`ikl, fb`rs q u‗ Fbbfo s ‗fttfhol í b ‗futrl ³15
u‗Fbbfo ³15:. lt
« Xg F bbfo i l v`us fvfgt pfs pr`dgs b ‗gdduigtç, G b v`us
gijbgelrfgt ui hoátgdlit lxldpbfgrl p`ur hl qul v`us
fvlz hfpturç fragtrfgrldlit ³15
hfpturç fragtrfgrldlit ³155.
H‗lst hl qu‗gbs kgrlit (í pr`p`s kl hlt çvçildlit) lt
k‗futrls15?.

15< Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1, vlrslt 6=:.

15: Vur‗ái
Vur‗ái,, s` urftl i½ ?, v lrslt :5.
155 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urft l i½? , vl rslt :?.

15? Afkr > aftfgb bl trïs gdp`rtfitl qug `pp`sf (b l 65 Qfdfkái kl li rçfbgtç, rgli il bfgssl supp `slr qul h‗lst sur b‗`rkrl ku ]r`poïtl
b‗fi 1 kl b‗oçegrl) bls dusubdfis fux dçhqu`gs p`bytoçgstls. Bl rfp qul bls prgs`iiglrs jurlit h`istgtuçs tlbs. Gb lst k‗fgbblurs í i`tlr qul
p`rt kl j`rhl çtfgt ilttldlit li jfvlur kl hl s klrigl
klriglrs.
rs. ]`urtfit,
]`urtfit, bf af 'Fbt, bug, i‗fvfgt jfgt fuhui prgs`iiglr.
tfgbbl jut rldp`rtçl pfr bls dusubdfis. Xfis rlitrlr kfis bl kçtfgb ku 157 Vur‗ái, s`urf tl i½1 , vlr slt 6=:.
rçhgt, gb jfut dlitg`iilr qul bls h`dpfei`is hfpturïrlit s`gxfitl-kgx
prgs`iiglrs p`ur `atligr kls rfiå`is li çhofiel kl blur bgaçrftg`i,
h`ddl h‗çtfgt b‗usfel kls tldps prç-gsbádgquls.
« Hl qu‗gbs kgrlit ³ > ghg lst kls « trfkgtg`ifbgstls ³ `it prçtliku (í
hlttl `hhfsg`i lt í k‗futrls) qu‗F\áo fvfgt rçprgdfikç X`i ]r`poïtl
(slb`i bls h`ddlitfgrls kls vlrslts :5 lt :? kl bf s`urftl i½?). Dfgs

Hgiqufitl-slptgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl bf i`i h`itlstftg`i ku Kçhrlt

lt kl b‗@rkrl k‗li kldlurlr sftgsjfgt
(rgkf)

Bls çtfts h`isgstlit t`us li « rlsslrrldlit ³ ( qfak).

Hfr bl Ufbb (Xfgit) rlå`gt [`rkrl kl bls prçslrvlr. @r
« efrklr `u rltligr ³ gdpbgqul bl « rlsslrrldlit ³.

Xl dfgitligr fvlh bl Kçhrlt lst litgïrldlit « kgbftf

tg`i ³ (afst). Hfr gb i‗y f bí rgli qug k`gvl îtrl prçslrvç,
sgi`i kl sl tligr í b ‗gitçrglur ku Kçhrlt. 66
66 il jfut k`ih pfs
h`itlstlr bl Kçhrlt ku klstgi, dfgs pbutût s‗y fhh`rklr,
sfis s‗`pp`slr í rgli kl hl qug frrgvl, qul hlbf s`gt k`ux
`u fdlr. Bls çtfts s`it kçi`darfabls, k‗`÷ b‗`rkrl kl
efrklr blurs « bgdgtls ³. Bf jfvlur, qug i‗lst futrl qul bl
kçhrlt (qfkfr ), i‗f p`git kl bgdgtl qug pugssl îtrl
prçslrvçl.
prçslrv çl.

Bl sgeil fttlstfit qul bl slrvgtlur lst litrç kfis bf stf

tg`i ku kçhrlt, kl b‗Fhtl kgvgi lt kl bf « kgbftftg`i ³, h‗lst
qu‗gb bug lst lin`git kl holrholr bls kçblhtftg`is fprïs fv`gr
rlåu [`rkrl kl bls fafik`iilr lt k‗y rli`ihlr. Ku jfgt qul
s`i
bl Xlgitçrglur
geilur s‗lst
Ç bC vgkç kls pbfgsgrs
gb çpr`u vl bf «ltkgbftftg`i
qul slub ³y lt
kldlurl
rlå`gt
[`rkrl kl kldfiklr, s`uofgtlr lt rlholrholr bls ho`sls qug
h`istgtulit sf pfrt fbb`uçl. Gb jfut içhlssfgrldlit qu‗gb
b‗`atgliil li bf kldfikfit, fjgi qul s`glit rçfbgsçls bf
h`isgkçrftg`i lt bf pbfhl qu‗gb f fuprïs k‗Fbbfo ;§tC fgisg

18= B‗FHHÏX f u d y s t ï r l
' F A K F B - V Í K G Q F B - N ÉB
ÉB Á I À 186

qul bf jfvlur qul bug fhh`rkl bl Zrfg li lxfuåfit sf pr gsl su r Dl s slrv gtlu rs ³1?
slrvgtlu ³1?; lt çef
çefbld
bldlit
lit > « Xfuj p`ur
prgï rl1??=.
prgïrl1 bls slrvgtlurs sgihïrls k ‗Fbbfo ³ ³1?
1?<.
J`rdublr kls kldfikls p`ur b‗`atlitg`i kls n`ugssfi Û dfbolurlux (qug f plisç futrldlit), bl wfbà
hls, jfgt pfrtgl kls sgeils bls pbus pftlits kl bf « kgbftf (h`dprliks qul) lst p`rtç pfr bl Xlgeilur, gb lst X`i aut
tg`i ³ qug sugt bl « rlsslrrldlit ³, h`ddl kl hlux kl bf dîdl, lt h‗lst Bug qug b‗çkuqul kfis bl egr`i kl Xf
s`rtgl kls çtfts, kls stftg`is lt kl b‗`abgeftg`i kl prçslrvlr ]r`xgdgtç lt kl Xf A`itç ( butj). H`ddlit bl kgfabl
kls « bgdgtls ³1?6. p`urrfgt-gb
p`u rrfgt-gb b ‗fttlgikrl lt h`ddlit
h`dd lit bls hrgdls h`itrl bf B`g
Xg b‗`i `anlhtl qul hlhg dïil í bf kgspfrgtg`i kl Xfhrçl p`urrfglit-gbs dîdl h`ddlihlr í s‗fppr`holr kl
b‗fstrlgitl bçefbl, fu bgalrtgifel, í bf s`rtgl kl J Gsbfd lt fu bug0
rlnlt kl Xf ]fr`bl > «Fk`rl t`i Xlgeilur nu sq u‗ u‗í
í hl qul (]fr tf supp`sgtg`i), tu t‗ls çb`geiç kl bf vçrgtç, pr`
vgliil bf hlrtgtukl ³1?1. Bf rçp`isl slrf > gb il s‗fegt pfs i`iåfit uil çi`rdgtç shfikfblusl. Vul pçrgsslit kl tlbbls
ku t`ut kl hlbf, hfr Fbbfo lst tr`p i`abl lt X`i wfbà (fdg) vgbls gitlitg`is lt jfgabls gitlbbgelihls fvlh blurs `pgig`is
Bug lst tr`p holr p`ur qu‗gb bl prçhgpgtl kfis bf stftg`i kl hofihlbfitls. Vu‗Fbbáo i`us pr`tïel fgisg qul bls jrïrls,
b‗gdplrjlhtg`i lt kl bf kgseráhl livlrs sf B`g Xfhrçl lt Xf kls i`darlux çefrldlits, kl pfr Xf ]ugssfihl uigvlrslbbl
trfkgtg`i (kd). Fu h`itrfgrl, Gb bl prçslrvlrf kl t`ut hl qug lt Xf vfstl
vfstl Dgsçrgh`rkl ! Vu‗Gb i`us fargtl
fargtl kl Xls a`u
vglit k‗îtrl supp`sç 3 b‗li çb`geilrf, b‗li pr`tçelrf, hbglrs í bf pr`tlhtg`i pfrjfgtl ! Vu‗Gb i`us çkuqul pfr Xls
rçvlgbblrf lt bl j`rtgjglrf p`ur bf efrkl kls « bgdgtls ³. aglijfgts
aglij fgts fa`ikfits
fa`ikf its lt Xls jfvlurs plrdfilitls
plrdf ilitls,, kl pfr Xf
B‗gdplhhfagbgtç kfis bf prçslrvftg`i kls « bgdgtls ³ bug sl Aglivlgbbfihl lt Xf i`abl Eçiçr`sgtç !
rf k`iiçl sfis bl slitgdlit k‗fstrlgitl lt sfis plgil. Gb sl
rf dîdl
slihl kl gih`ishglit
bf pr`xgdgtç.klFbbfo
hls ho`sls,kgt
t`ut
> «litglr kfis bf prç
Fg isg , i` us çb`g
eilr`is kl bug bl d fb lt bf turpgtu
turpgtukl,
kl, h fr gb lst k‗litrl
k‗litrl i`s
slrvgtlurs sgihïrls ³1
³1??8 lt lih`r
li h`r l3 «[ u i ‗furf
furfss fuh
fuhuil
uil
 1?= Hl qug rlvglit í kgrl qu‗gb jfut qul sl rçfbgslit bls p`ssgagbgtçs
gioçrlitls í sf pr`prl rçfbgtç.
1?6 Oukòk gk lst bls bgdgtls, tlrdl qur‗áigqul p`ur kçsgeilr bls
a`rils çtfabgls pfr Fbbfo í Xls hrçfturls. @i sfgt qul b‗gsdfçbgsdl jl
rf uil utgbgsftg`i « tlhoigqul ³ kl hl tlrdl p`ur sl rçjçrlr fux kgjjç
rlits igvlfux kl bf rçfbgtç.
1?1 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½;<, vlrslt 77.
1?8 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½61, vlrslt 1;.
1?; Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½6<, vlrslt ;1.
1?< Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½85, vlrslt 8? í ;6.
Hgt`is bl pfssfel litglr, hfr hl elirl kl tlxtl s‗fkrlssfgt í
b‗`rgegil í kls fukgtlurs jfdgbglrs ku Vur‗ái lt kls ofkàtj s), lt fux
qulbs uil sgd pbl fbbusg`i sujjgsfgt í çv`qulr bf hgtftg`i
hgtftg`i h`dp bïtl >
« Z`us suagrlz ui hoátgdl it k`ub`urlux. Z`us il slrlz (fgisg) rç
trga ulz qul slb`i v`s Řuvrl s, sf uj p` ur bls slrv gtlu rs sgih ïrls
k ‗Fbb fo - Lu x rl hlv r`i t ui Qg zq ³

Hgiqufitl-ougtgïdll kgsh`urs >

Hgiqufitl-ougtgïd

Ku jfgt kl sl kçt`urilr kl t`utls bls

kgrlhtg`is p`ur il holrholr qul hlbbl
kl bf Eráhl k‗Fbbfo ;j# gjfkb Fbbfo)

Il t‗lie fel kfis fuhuil

fuhui l kls kgrlhtg `is (ngoát), il holr
hol (dîdl) pfs í `uvrgr tls ylux sur lbbls. [fit qul tu rl
efrklrfs vlrs b‗uil k‗lbbls, bl hûtç kl bf Eráhl k‗Fbbfo
gD] lt kl Xf ]r`xgdgtç il s‗`uvrgrf p`git p`ur t`g. Xhlbbl
t`utls bls kgrlhtg`is pfr t`i « fhtl k‗uigtg`i ³ (tfwogk) lt
b‗ljjfhldlit kl t`g-dîdl. ]ugs ljjfhl t`i lxtgihtg`i
dîdl fgisg qul tf shglihl. H‗lst í hl prgx qul b‗Řgb kl t`i
hŘur s‗`uvrgrf fu hûtç (ngo f ) kl bf Eráhl k‗Fbbfo,
b‗gddlisl ( rfg àd ). [u bf vlrrfs fb`rs fvlh bls ylux poysg
qul s1?:, hfr (hlttl vgsg`i
vgsg` i rçsubtlrf)
rçsu btlrf) ku
k u rfy` iild lit kl bf
budgïrl kl t`i hŘur, kl tf j`g, lt kl tf hlrtgtukl.
Bf budgïrl sl dfigjlstlrf klpugs t`i gitçrglur (aátgi),
sur t`i lxtçrglur (zíogr) 3 t`ut h`ddl bf budgïrl kl bf
a`ue gl, rfy` iif it kl
kl i
iugt
ugt kfis
k fis u il pgïhl
p gïhl `ashurl,
`ashu rl, trfi spf 
rfét pfr bls jliîtrls. B‗Fdl (ifjs) lt bls dldarls slr`it
tlbbldlit h`dabçs pfr bf pr`dlssl k‗Fbbáo lt X`i k`i,
qu‗gbs il sl t`urilr`it pbus vlrs bl k`i lt bf pr`dlssl
« k‗futrl qul Bug ³.

1?: F i`tlr qul hlttl qulstg`i (`u j`rdubftg`i)

j`rdubftg`i) kl bf vgsg`i k‗Fbbáo
jfgt pfrtgl kl hlbbls qug jurlit kçafttuls kfis bl h`itlxtl ku k`edl.
]fr fgbblurs, b‗lxprlssg`i k‗Řgb `u k‗`rlgbbl poysgquls (`u lih`rl kl bf
tîtl), pfr h`itrfstl fvlh hlux ku hŘur, lst jrçqulitl kfis
rlislgei ldlit trfkgtg`
trfkgtg`iil
iilb.
b.

18; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

X`gs lbbl,
hbçdlit livlrs t`i ádl ifjs), il s`gs pfs ginustl
livlrs il bf prçhgpgtl pfs (,kfis bls tçiïarls kl t`i
gei`rfihl lt kl tf stupgkgtç 3 kl s`rtl qul tu rlefrklrfgs
vlrs bls « kgvlrs hûtçs ³ (ngoát) > vlrs bls hrçfturls, vlrs bf
pugssfih
pugs sfihl,
l, bf jj`rhl,
`rhl, b ‗fhqugsgtg`i
‗fhqugsgtg` i 3 li ui d`t, vlrs bls hfuhfu  Hgiqufitl-iluvgïdl kgsh`urs >
sls slh`ikls lt qul tu tl jgls í lbbls. Bls « kgrlhtg`is ³,
kfis hl hfs, tl slrfglit jlrdçls, lt bl hûtç kl bf Eráhl
k‗Fbbfo il s‗`uvrgrfgt pfs p`ur futfit, li hoátgdlit lt
sfihtg`i kl 6‗³ fss`hgftg`i ³ (sgrc) qug t‗furfgt fdliç í Kl bf sftgsjfhtg`i kfis b‗fjjbghtg`i lt
b`re ilr vlrs « futrl qul Bug ³. Xg « tu bl tr`uvls tr`uv ls ³1
³1??5, kl bf rlh`iifgssfihl kfis bl aglijfgt
h`itldpbl Xf eráhl (jfkb) lt lspïrl li Bug í b‗lxhbusg`i kl
t`ut futrl, tl rlikfit fvluebl í « futrl qul Bug ³. Gb tl rfp
pr`hol
pr` hol (kl Xf Qçfbgtç), t‗gi` t‗gi`ikl
ikl kl Xf Dgsçrgh`rkl
Dgsçrg h`rkl,,
t‗çkuqul, tl i`urrgt, t‗farluvl, tl euçrgt, tl k`iil lt tl [`i çtft il plut îtrl qu‗fjjbghtg`i ( afbgyyf) `u aglijfgt
h`dabl. Fprïs hlbf tu il rldfrquls pbus ig tf pfuvrltç ig (,iàdf ).
tf rgholssl. Kfis b‗fjjbghtg`i, gb t‗lst kldfikç fu d`gis b‗ljj`rt kl
pftglihl
pftgl ihl (tfsaàr), sgi`i bf pftglihl ljjlhtgvl (,sfar) 3 pugs
bf sftgsjfhtg`i (rgkf) lt b‗ferçdlit (duwájfqf ) 3 pugs
1?5 B l t lx
lx ttll gi
gi kg
kgq ul agl i wfnfkf (tr`uvlr). @i sfgt qul hlttl rfhgil
ul ag
b‗lxtgihtg`i (jfiá‗), bfqulbbl lst bf hfrfhtçrgstgqul kls
vlrafbl k`iil Uunòk (b‗îtrl) lt Ufnk (b‗lxtfsl)...
(b‗lxtfsl)... « fakáb -s ³ (suastgtuts).
Gb lst gitçrlssfit kl i`tlr qul Ufnfkf il kgjjïrl kl Ufofkf (uig
jglr, hl qug k`iil tfwoàk, i`tg`i hlitrfbl kl b‗Gsbfd) qul pfr ui slub
p`git kgfhrgtgqul.
kgfhrgtgqul.
]lut îtrl qul kfis hl h`itlxtl, gb h`ivglit kl rfpplblr bl ofkét
quksà sugv fit > « H`iifgsslz D`g fvfit kl D ‗fk`rlr. Hfr sg v`us il
sugvfit
Dl h`iif gssl z pf s, h`ddlit p`ur rglz v`us D ‗fk` rlr 0 ³ Gb lst çvg
klit qul b‗`i il plut Bl tr`uvlr qu‗li s`g dîdl...
Kfis bl aglijfgt lt b‗fgsfihl, gb t‗lst kldfikç kl rldlr
hglr (sucr). Bf rlh`iifgssfihl plut sl dfigjlstlr pfr bf
bfieul, bl hŘur lt bls dldarls.
Hlbbl qug lst pr`prl í bf bfieul h`isgstl í rlh`iifétrl
qul bl aglijfgt vglit k‗Fbbfo í il pfs b‗fttrgaulr í bf
hrçfturl (qu‗gb s‗fegssl kl t`g-dîdl, kl tf pugssfihl, kl tf
j`rhl, kl t`i trfvfgb, `u k‗futrls îtrls qug `it
`i t pu li îtrl bls
gitlrdçkgfgrls). Hfr t`g-dîdl lt bls futrls i‗îtls qul bls
d`ylis lt bls gistrudlits. Hlbug qug çvfbul bl aglijfgt (qug
k`gt îtrl `htr`yç), b‗fholdgil, b‗lxgstlihgl, h‗lst Fbbfo
«jb#. H‗lst bug qug kçhgkl. Bug qug bl jfgt fkvligr. Bf rl
h`iifgssfihl Bug lst kul fvfit qugh`iqul. Hl i‗lst pfs
b‗lshbfvl, p`rtlur ku prçslit, qug lst h`isgkçrç 3 dfgs agli
bl dfétrl qug b‗liv`gl. Fbbfo kgt í pr`p`s kl hlux í
qug hlttl vgsg`i jfgt kçjfut > « Gbs il rlh` iif gssli t qul

'FAK f b -q á k gr f b - n Gb á i é 185
18: b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l

Gb jfut qul b‗`açgssfihl í Fbbfo s`gt bl prgihgpl kgrlh

b‗fppfrlihl (záoér) kl bf vgl kl hl d`ikl, lt kldlurlit
gifttlitgjs í b ‗futrl d`ikl ³d.
Hlbug qug il v`gt qul ]³ lxtçrglur ³ lt bf hfusl sl
h`ikl, k`it bf rlh`iifgssfihl il vf pfs pbus b`gi, lst
b‗gei`rfit, b‗gdpfrjfgt, k`it b‗gitlbbgelihl ( feg) lst jfgabl.
B‗o`ddl k`uç kl rfgs`i i‗f çtç i`ddç fgisg qu‗li vlrtu
kl sf vgsg`i kls jgis ubtgdls.
Vufit í bf rlh`iifgssfihl ku hŘur, lbbl h`isgstl li bf
hr`yfihl h`istfitl, lt bf jlrdl lt pugssfitl h`ivghtg`i qul >
- B ‗lisldabl
‗lisldabl kls aglijfg
aglijfgts
ts k`it tu n`ugs lxtçrglurldlit
lt gitçrglurldlit, kfis tls d`uvldlits lt tls rlp`s, vgli
ilit k‗Fbbío g § = lt kl iub futrl qul Bug. Lt bl rldlrhgl
dlit kl tf bfieul lst b‗lxprlssg`i kl hl qug rçsgkl kfis
t`i hŘur. Bl [rïs-Ofut kgt > « [`ut aglijfgt k`it v`us
n` ug ss lz vgl it k ‗Fb bf o ³11
?
1?7,
?7, lt çefbldlit > « G b v`us gi` ikf
gitçrglur ³17
k ‗ui aglijfgt lxtçrglur lt gitçrglur ³17=1
, lt lih`rl > « Bl
6
7
v`ukrglz-v`us 0 Z`us il p`urrglz pfs çiudçrlr bls agli
jf gt s k ‗Fb bf o ³17!.
Hls kçhbfrftg`is il bfgsslit suasgstlr p`ur bl hr`yfit
k‗futrl aglijfgtlur qu‗Fbbáo «jòC
Vufit í bf rlh`iifgssfihl pfr bls dldarls lt bls
jfhubtçs, lbbl h`isgstl í hl qul tu il bls utgbgsls qul p`ur
b‗fk`rftg`i k‗Fbbfo { § = lt nfdfgs kfis b‗`açgssfihl fux
hrçfturls. [u il k`gs `açgr í fuhuil hrçfturl qufik gb
s‗fegt kl qulbqul ho`sl qug s‗`pp`sl í X`i @rkrl. Lt fu
i`darl kls hrçfturls, gb y f bf ifjs, bf pfssg`i, bf v`b`itç
pr`p rl l t bls jfussl s ls pçrfi hls !
tlur. [`ut bl rlstl k`gt li îtrl kçrgvç.
Xg tu i‗fegs pfs slb`i hl prgihgpl, tu ls tyrfiigqul lt gi
nust l, kçhg kfit futr ldli t qul b‗`rk rl (oucd) k‗Fbbfo kç
kçhgkfit
hrçtç p`ur Xls slrvgtlurs hr`yfits. [u tl tglis sur uil v`gl
futrl qul hlbbl kls o`ddls vlrtulux.
Fbbfo kgt > « Hlux qug il nuelit pfs h`ij`rdç
h`ij`rdç
dl it fux rçvçbftg`is k ‗Fbbfo, v`gbí bls
bls vrfgs dç
hrçfits ³171 3 lt kfis
kf is uui
i fu trl vlr slt > « Hlu
futrl Hluxx qug il nu
eli t pfs h`ij `rdç dlit fux rçvçbftg`is k ‗Fbbfo, v`gbí bbls ls
ginustls ³178 3 lt li h`rl kfis ui fu trl v lrslt > « Z`gbí bls
plrv lrs (já sgq òi ) ³
³17;
17;.
[f jgi slrfgt fb`rs bl jlu k`it « bls o`ddls lt bls pglr
rls ³17<s`it bl h`daustgabl. @r tu il plux s upp`rtlr bf jgï
vrl plikfit uil olurl kfis hl d`ikl-hg, ig bf d`gikrl
çtgihlbbl kl jlu. H`ddlit p`urrfgs-tu pftglitlr kfis
b‗çtlrigtç kl b‗lijlr 0
Bl sfbut, bl sfbut ! Xfis tfrklr, sfis tfrklr ! Fbbfo, Fb
bfo ! SXlh`urs-i`usT.
SXlh`urs-i`usT.
Kgstgieul agli hls klux çtfts lt blurs h`ikgtg`is, hfr tu
slrfs t`un`urs qufbgjgç pfr b‗ui kls klux t`ut fu b`ie kl
t`i lxgstlihl 3 `u agli h‗lst b‗çprluvl, `u agli h‗lst bl
aglijfgt.
aglijf gt. K`iil í h ofqul çtft s`i kó, s`gt kl p ftglihl,
ftgl ihl, s`gt
kl rlh`iifgssfihl, li j`ihtg`i kl hl qu‗gb tl d`itrl.
Il tl pbfgis , b`rs kl b ‗çprluvl, í fuhuil hrçfturl,
hrçft url, ig il
bug dfigjlstl fuhui liiug. I‗fhhusl p`git t`i Xlgeilur
kfis t`i j`r gitçrglur, ig il k`utl qul Xf Xfelssl i‗fgt

171 Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i½ <, vl rslt ;< .
1?? Vur‗íi, s`urftl i½8=, vlrslt 5.
178 Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i½ <, v lrslt ;5 .
1?7 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½6:, vlrslt <8.
17; Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½<, vlrslt ;8.
17= Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½86, vlrslt 1=.
17< Vur‗
Vur‗ái,
ái, s`urftl i½1 , vlr slt 1;.
176 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½6; , vlrs lt 8;.

18? b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l

ho`gsg p`ur t`g hl qug lst bl dlgbblur p`ur t`i d`ikl ghg X`gxfitgïdl kgsh`urs >
afs lt p`u r b‗fu trl. Lt il t ‗`rglitl vlrs fuhu il hrçfturl
hrçft url
kfis b‗lsp`gr qu‗lbbl t‗fpp`rtlrfgt uil kçbgvrfihl, hfr hlbf
slrfgt kl tf pfrt ui fhtl k‗³ fss`hgftg`i ³ í s`i çefrk. Iub
il p`ssïkl kfis X`i Q`yfudl uil ho`sl qulbh`iqul fvlh Ku h`ddlihldlit lt kl bf jgi
Bug. I`i, fstrlgis-t`g pbutût í bf pftglihl, í bf sftgsjfhtg`i,
í b‗fhh`rk fvlh s`i v`ub`gr, lt í b‗lxtgihtg`i kfis X`i
Skl bf v`glT
Fhtl Y6#. Xuppbgl lt kçi`ihl (í t`i Xlgeilur) bls dçjfgts
kl bf ifjs lt rlh`iifgs bf trfishlikfihl ku Zrfg Ft
tlstl qu‗gb lst bl Xlub í kgsplislr bls aglijfgts, çb`geil-t`g Bl kçaut (kl bf v`gl) lst bf s`rtgl kls ofagtukls Sfifr
kl t`utl « fss`hgftg`i ³. Holrhol bf pftglihl, bf sftgsjfh hogqulsT p`ur ui h`dp`rtldlit h`ij`rdl í bf B`g Xfhrçl,
tg`i lt b‗fhh`rk t`tfb nusqu‗í hl qul bl klstgi frrgvl í s`i
pugs p`ur çv`bulr
çv`b ulr slb`i bl klstg
klstgi1
i17: kçhrçtç.
kçhrçtç . Lisugtl,
Lisugtl , gb y f
tlrdl lt qul b‗çprluvl kgspfrfgssl, bfgssfit pbfhl fu agli
bl rlt`ur í b‗ofagtukl Skl bf ifturl gijçrglurlT dfgs fvlh,
jfgt, í b ‗fgsfihl
‗fgsfihl lt í bf n`gl.
hlttl j`gs-hg, bl rlsplht kls « bgdgtls ³ kl bf B`g.
[`ut h`ddl hl jut bl hfs p`ur N`a (qul sur bug lt sur
[u s`rs fgisg kl tls ofagtukls ku dfielr lt ku a`grl, kl
i`trl ]r`poïtl klshliklit bf dlgbblurl eráhl lt bf pbus i`
bf efrkl-r`al lt ku slxl, kl b‗ofagtft, kl bf ifturl, p`ur fb
abl pfgx). [`u t h`d
h`ddl
dl sl kgssgp l bf i`gr hlu r kl bf iugt lt
blr vlrs bl rlsplht kls `rkrls lt kls gitlrkghtg`is kl bf B`g
vglit bf abfiholur ku n`ur, `u kgspfrfét bl jr`gk kl b‗ogvlr
lt bug suhhïkl b‗ferçfabl argsl kl b‗çtç, t`utl ho`sl p`ssïkl Xfhrçl. [u
trfkgtg`i kltlX`i
h`ij`rdls
Liv`yç (lijgi)
{$
{$§▭ fu BgvrlFbbfo
§▭ }. H`ddl k‗Fbbfo
«j\b³ lt kgt
í bf>
ui `pp`sç, ui h`itrfgrl, uil rfgs`i k‗îtrl, ui kçaut lt uil
« Hl qul v`us fpp`rtl b‗Liv`yçprlilz-bl lt hl qu‗gb v`us
jgi. Bf pftglihl lst bf hbç, bl kçaut lt bf jgi - lt bf alfutç
gitlrkgt, fastlilz-v`us-li ³175 3 lt fu ssg > « Kgs > sg v`us
fussg
(kl t`utl ho`sl). H`ddl gb f çtç rfpp`rtç kfis bf trfkgtg`i
(ofkàt) > « Bf pftglihl lst í bf j` g hl qul bf tîtl lst fu fgdlz Fbbfo, sugvlz-d`g, lt Fbbfo v`us fgdlrf ³ ³17
17?.
h`rps ³. @u lih`rl slb`i uil futrl j`rdubftg`i > « Bf p f [u t‗fiigogbls fu rlefrk kl tf pfssg`i, kl tf ifjs lt kl
tglihl lst bf j`g t`utl litgïrl ³. tf s`ttgsl, lxtçrglurldlit lt gitçrglurldlit. Vul t`i gitç
]frj`gs, bf rlh`iifgssfihl rçsgkl li b‗fhtl kl « sl rlvî rglur il rlhïbl qul s`i tfwogk lt qul t`i lxtçrglur il s`gt
tgr kls aglijf gts ³ Sh‗lst-í-kgrl k ‗li n`ugrT, blsqulbs s`it lief eç qul k fis b ‗`açgssf
‗`açgssfihl
ihl í Xf B
B`g1
`g17
77. Vul hl h`dp `r-
t`i b`t rçslrvç. [f rlh`iifgssfihl h`isgstl í bls fhhlptlr
kfis t`i çtft dîdl k‗lxtgihtg`i, k‗faslihl kl pfssg`i, `u
k‗fvgkgtç. [lbbl lst bf h`ikgtg`i kls fakáb-s, gb i‗y li f 17: ]lut-îtrl plut-`i li h`ihburl qul bf vgl ho f`tgqul il s l kçr`ubl
p`git
p`g it kl supçrglu rl. dîdl pfs slb`i bl « klstgi kçhrçtç ³ 0
175 V
Vur‗á
ur‗ái,
i, s`urftl i½< 7, v lrslt 5 . '
Qçjbçhogs í hl qul nl t‗fg kgt, tu slrfs eugkç, sg Fbbfo
17? Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½8, vlrslt 8=.
;d 9 bl vlut.
177 Xg b‗gitçrglur lst rldpbg kl X`i tfwogk, b ‗`açgssfihl
‗`açgssfihl í bf B`g il
plut dlilr fux fttgtukls pfto`b`egquls qug, hlrtls, lxgstlit holz hlr-

1;= b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l 'f a k f b -q á k gr f b - n Gb í i é 1;6

tldlit s`gt h`ddl ui vîtldlit qul tu il qugttls p`git b‗lxtgihtg`i (jfi

(j fi f5). Hlttl fttlgitl rçfbgsl bf pr`xgdgtç ku
kfis tls d`uvldlits lt rlp`s, kl iugt h`ddl kl n`ur, Zrfg bf h`iifgssfihl « pfr ³ Bug, bf jfvlur kl bf rç-
kfis bl v`yfel `u kfis bf sçklitfrgtç, kfis bf kgjjghubtç lt hlptg`i kls slhrlts lt kls shglihls « kl holz I`us ³, lt bf
kfis b‗fgsfihl, kfis bf dfbfkgl `u kfis bf sfitç kfis t`us pb`ie çl k fis bls ` hçfi s k l budgïrls.
bud gïrls.
bls çtfts.
F hlt likr`gt, b‗`ashurgtç kl bf ifturl il iugt pbus fux
Lisugtl tu ls trfisp`rtç kfis bf vfbbçl kl bf klstgiçl, `÷ budgïrls. Bf ifturl kldlurl nusq u‗í hl qul b ‗Lsprgt ( ròo)
budgïrls.
bl s`rt (qfkr ) tl rlt`uril h`ddl gb b‗litlik. [u t‗fiigogbls qugttl bl h`rps, fjgi qul bls pfrts fbb`uçls (kfis hl d`ikl)
pfr
pf r rfp p`r t í t`i ljj`rt, t`i h`daft , tf pugss fihl lt t`i pugsslit
pugssl it îtrl kgspl
kgsplisçl
isçlss h`dp bïtld lit. Xg bf iftu rl çtfgt
çtfg t
rfie. [ls pfrts fbb`uçls qul bl Hfbfdl f lirlegstrç kfis ûtçl kl b‗o`ddl (fkfdà), gb rln`gikrfgt bls fiels lt bf Xf-
]çtlrigtç slr`it h`iv`yçls vlrs t`g. [u bls « rlvîts ³, rl- elssl (kgvgi l) l ut çtç gi`p çrfi tl8=
tl8=8.
hlvfit pr`tlhtg`i lt sfuvlefrkl bls h`ihlrifit. [u rlsplh-
tls bls « bgdgtls ³ (kl bf B`g) í blur sunlt, fttlgeifit fussg í Dfgs bf ifturl plrsgstl p`ur qul sl jfssl bf rçhlptg`i
b‗fhh`rk v`b`itfgrl fvlh b‗fhtl ku Xlgeilur. Bf rïebl kl bf kls pfrts prçvuls, fvlh bls n`ugssfihls qu‗lbbls h`dp`r-
B`g il s‗li tr`uvl pfs lijrlgitl nusqu‗fu klerç kl tlit. [`utlj`gs hl s`it bí kls erftgjghftg`is lt i`i
b‗lsslitglb.
« b‗ftoçgsd l ³ (zfik fqf )8== lt kl bf plrdgssgv gtç livlrs
b‗gbbghgtl. Fbbfo kgt > « Hlrtls, i`us fv`is rçvçbç bl Fgisgg bl ]r`poïtl
Fgis f kg t> « Gb d ‗f çtç k`i iç
Qfp plb, lt i` us bl prç
prçslr
slr v` is ³8=6 lt ç efbl dli t > « Fgi
F gi sg k ‗fgdlr kl v`trl d `ikl tr`gs ho` sls > bls pfrjuds, bls
i`us çb`gei`is kl bug bl dfb lt bf turpgtukl hfr gb lst jld dls , lt df n `g l pr`j `ik l f çtç pbf hç
hçll kfis bf ]rgïrl
]rgï rl
k ‗litrl i`s slrvgtlu rs sgih ïrls ³8=1. rgtulbbl ³.

Fgisg bf pr`tlhtg`i lt bf kçjlis

kçjlisll tl tgliilit h`dpfeigl. B`rsqul bl ]r`poïtl (O ) fttlgeigt
fttlgeigt b‗lxtgih
b‗lxtgihtg`i
tg`i pfr rfp-
Hlrtls, tls pfrts fbb`uçls s`it rçslrvçls p`ur t`g. Gb bls f p`rt í hl d`ik l lt hl q u‗gb h`itgl
h`itglit,
it, bls « pfrts ³ rçsl
rçslrvçl
rvçlss
rltliuls plikfit bl tldps kl t`i v`yfel kfis bf v`gl, kl p`ur bu g, dfgs rltli uls plik fit s`i v `yfe l (sfyr) vlrs s`i
tf trfvlrsçl kls kçslrts kl bf ifturl gikgvgkulbbl (tfon lt Xlgeilur ;òC bug jurlit `htr`yçls. Gb li n`ugt kfis
kls stlppls kl bf pfssg`i. Lbbls h`istgtufglit fb`rs kls jfr- b‗ferçdlit kl s`i Xlgeilur, kfis b‗`açgssfihl í X`i @r-
klfux qug t‗furfglit fjjfgabg fvfit b‗fttlgitl ku slugb kl krl. Xfgits lt Xfhrçs s`it bls i`ds ku Xlgeilur lt Xf Dgsç-
rgh`rkl lst uigvlrslbbl. Xf Jfvlur s‗çtlik í Xls Fdgs

(f
(fwb
surwbgy
gyá5
á5) lt í Xls ]r`poïtls (qul bf eráhl lt bf pfgx s`glit
lux).
tfgis, dfgs qul bf dlitfbgtç d`klril v`ukrfgt rfttfholr gitrgisïqul
dlit f bf prftgqul k‗uil rlbgeg`i.
Gb li lst kl dîdl p`ur bl Ufbb, li hlttl dftgïrl. Bls
8== GG il s‗fegt pfs kl b‗ftoçgsdl d`klril. Hfr bf sgtuftg`i kls sgï « pfrts ³ lt blurs n`ugssfihl s bug s`it rlstgtuçls, fvlh bf
hbls pfssçs çtfgt t`utl kgjjçrlitl. Bl tlrdl zfik fqf h`ii`tl surt`ut
uil fttgtukl dlitfbl gih`isçqulitl qug plrdlt lt nustgjgl ui h`dp`rtl
dlit bgalrtgi.
8=6 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½6 <, vlrsl t 7=. 8=8 Xfelssl qug f felihç
felihç bl d`ikl
d`ikl lt prçvu
prçvu bf
bf pbfhl
pbfhl kl hofqul
hofqul
8=1 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½61, vlrslt 1;. ho`sl fu slgi kl b‗ofrd`igl uigvlrslbbl.

1 ;1 b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l

eráhl ku rlsplht kls « bgdgtls ³ qug bls h`ihlrilit. Li hlbf

h`is gstl bl « rlt`u r, klpugs
klpug s bf jgi, fu h`d
h`ddli
dli hld
hldlit
lit ³ 8=;.
X`gxfitl lt uigïdl kgsh`urs >
Lt Fbbfo lst pbus sfvfit.

Kl Jfttgtukl h`isgstfit
h `isgstfit í il pfs fegr
í pr`p`s kl i‗gdp`rtl qulbbl ho`sl
fvfit k‗li fv`gr hbfgrldlit h`dprgs
bf ifturl « plrdgsl ³ (gaáof)
 [`ut hr`yfit lst tliu (pfr fstrlgitl bçefbl) kl dfrqulr
ui frrît, p`ur lxfdli kl bf sgtuftg`i b`rsqul bls « pfrts ³
sl prçslitlit í bug fvfit kl bls fhhlptlr.

Bl kçhrlt bçefb (oucd ) k`gt bug tçd`geilr qul bf ho`sl

bug lst plrdgsl lt bf shglihl (kgvgil) qu‗gb s‗fegt agli kl sf
pfr t fbb`uçl.
fbb`uçl . Bl hr`yfi t lxfdgil
lxfd gil shrup ublus ldli t,
b‗oyp`hrgtl sl prçhgpgtl p`ur s‗ldpfrlr.
Bl ]r`poïtl {& } f kgt > « Bl hr`y fit s ‗frrîtl (p`ur
lxfdgilr) ³ lt gb f kgt (fussg) > « bfgssl hl qug tl hrçl ui
k`utl p`ur fbblr vlrs hl qug tl pfrfét hlrtfgi ³. Bl hr`yfit
s‗frrîtl í hofqul « pfrt ³, h`ddl bf i`urrgturl, bf a`gss`i,
b‗ofagt, bl slxl, lt t`utls bls ho`sls qug s‗`jjrlit í bug. Gb il
bls fhhlptl, s‗gb lst kfis b‗çtft kl « hrfgitl pglusl ³ ( tfq-
wá), qul sg ui nueldlit bçefb bug li fssurl bf p`ssgagbgtç.
X‗gb lst kfis b‗çtft kl wgbáyf (« sfgitltç ³), gb k`gt fttli-
8=; \i fk fel kl bf Z`g l kgt > « Bf jgi, h ‗lst bl rlt`ur fu H`ddli krl p`ur hl jfgrl, bf kçhgsg`i s`us j`rdl k‗ui @rkrl (kg-
hldlit ³. vgi). Kfis b‗çtft kl afkfbgyyf («suastgtut³) lt kl bf
efwtgyyf (« slh`urs ³), h‗lst bl nueld lit kl bf Xh glihl
(kgvgil) lt b‗Fhtl (kgvgi), blqulb lst bl kçhrlt ( qfkr) í
b‗çtft pur (qug fegsslit p`ur bug). Hlhg h`ihlril b‗çtft kl
jf i f ‗ (lxtgihtg`i).

1; ; b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l

Lisugtl, ui futrl çtft fkvglit kfis blqulb gb prlik t`ut

hl qug sl prçslitl í bug, í h`ikgtg`i t`utlj`gs qul rgli i‗y
s`gt h`itrfgrl fu kçhrlt (oucd) kl bf B`g, í b‗@rkrl (hfhoç) X`gxfitl-kluxgïdl kgsh`urs
kgsh`urs >
`u í bf Xhglihl (kgvgil). Xgi`i, gb y fastlitg`i t`tfbl. Gb y f
bí uil sgtuftg`i kgjjçrlitl kl bf prldgïrl `÷ prçk`dgil bf
pruk lihl
lih l lt b ‗lxfdli . Ghg, h‗lst bf sfgsg
sfgsgll lt b‗ fhhl
fhhlptftg
ptftg `i
qug b‗ldp`rtlit. Kl b‗Fd`ur, ku Agli-Fgdç,
Lisugtl fkvglit ui tr`gsgï dl çtft > h‗lst b‗utgbgsftg`i
purl lt bf sfgsgl kl t`us bls aglijf gts, sfis qul s‗y `pp` sl
lt kl hl qug s‗gdp`sl í blur sunlt
fuhuil kls tr`gs ho`sls prçhgtçls Sbl kçhrlt bçefb, b‗@rkrl
hfhoç, bf Xhglihl kgvgilT. I`us s`ddls kfis bf rçfbgtç kl
b‗lxtgihtg`i (jf if ‗). Bl hr`yfit y lst pr`tçeç kl t`ut H`dagli s`uvlit bl hr`yfit sl bfgssl fbblr nusqu‗í kgrl >
rlvlrs, kl t`utl trfiserlssg`i kls « bgdgtls ³ kl b f B`g « uitlb f çtç
çtç rfppr`hoç, dfgs d`g n ‗fg çtç çb`geiç. \itlb f
sfhrçl. Gb lst prçslrvç, bls dfux s`it çb`geiçs kl bug. rlåu, d`g n ‗fg çtç prgvç. \itlb f çtç lirghog, d`g n ‗fg çtç
H`ddl Fbbfo «jg# bl kgt > « Fgisg
Fg isg , i` us çb` gei `is kl bug fppfuvrg. \itlb f çtç gdduigsç, d`g nl sugs t`daç dfbfkl.
bl dfb lt bf turpgtukl, hfr gb lst k ‗litrl i`s slrvgtlurs \itlb f çtç o`i`rç, d`g n ‗fg çtç dçprgsç. \itlb f çtç b`uç,
sgihïrls ³8=
³8=<. d`g n ‗fg çtç
çtç abádç. @i f hru uitlb, pfr h`itrl d`g, `i d ‗f
trfgtç kl dlitlur ³.
Bl slrvgtlur klvglit, fvlh bf pr`tlhtg`i h`itrl bf trfis
erlssg`i kls « bgdgtls ³, h`ddl ui dfikftfgrl fyfit rlåu Il sfgt-gb k`ih pfs qu ‗gb lst b‗\igq ul lt qul b ‗\igqul
uil fut`rgsftg`i fas`bul p`ur bl k`dfgil kls ho`sls (wfoàk) fgdl b‗uighgtç (wfokáigyyf ) kfis bl k`dfgil kl
« plrdgsls ³ lt k`it `i f jfhgbgtç b‗`atlitg`i kl t`ut agli. b‗Fd`ur 0 Gb fgdl hlbug qug lst « t`ut ui ³ ( wfoàk) kfis
[`ut hl qug bug pfrvglit kl sf pr`prl « pfrt ³ lst purgjgç X`i Fd`ur.
kls hfbfdgtçs lt kls plgils, kfis hl d`ikl lt kfis b‗futrl.
X‗gb tl rfppr`hol pfr bl d`yli k‗ui « futrl qul bug ³,
Kl pbus hlbf lst pfrjfgtldlit li fhh`rk fvlh bf v`b`itç ku t`i fd`ur p`ur Bug slrf gdpfrjfgt. Li ljjlt, plut îtrl slrf-
Zrfg X`i Ferçdl it lt X`i Fhtl. Gb i‗y f p`gi t k‗çtft
t-gb litfhoç k‗ui plihofit p`ur hlbug qug f çtç b‗gitlrdç
supçrglur. H‗lst bí bl aut ubtgdl. H‗lst bf jçbghgtç kls
erfiks « Xfgits ³, bls ]urgjgçs ( oubòs), bls Dfétrls kls Xl kgfgrl ku aglijfgt. B‗Fd`ur k‗Fbbfo kgdgiulrf k‗futfit
kfis t`i hŘur.
hrlts, qug s`it pfrvlius fu slugb kls çtfts kls ]r`poïtls,
qul bls eráhls k‗Fbbfo s`glit sur lux. @r GG g § = lst nfb`ux, Gb i‗fgdl pfs « b‗fss`hgç ³. Gb rl
tglit bls dfgis k‗³ futrug ³ kl s`rtl qu‗lbbls il t‗fttlgeilit
pfs, sf bfieul p`u r qu ‗lbbl il kgsl pfs tls b`ufiels,
b`uf iels, sls
pglk s p`ur qu ‗gbs il vglii lit pfs nu sq u‗í t`g. Hlhg p`ur
8=<
Vur
Vur‗ái
‗ái,, s`urftl i½6 1, vlrslt 1;. çvgtlr qul tu s`gs prç`hhupç kl Bug pfr « b‗futrl ³, lt kç
t`uriç kl bug. I‗fs-tu pfs litliku bf pfr`bl ku ]r`poïtl
g d ) > « bls hŘurs s`i t fgisg jfg ts qu ‗gbs fgdli t hlux qug
blur pr`kgeulit kls jfvlu rs ³.

'f a k f b -q í k gr f b - n Gb á i é 1;5
1 ;: B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

(H‗lst p`urqu`g)
p`urqu` g) GG prçvglit bls hrçfturls kl B‗lxgstlitgftlur, bl ]rldglr lt bl Klriglr, b‗Lxtçrglur lt
t‗fhh`rklr kls jfvlurs, sg dgigdls s`glit-lbbls, nusqu‗í hl b‗Gitçrglur. Bl ]`git kl rlt`ur lt bl ]`git kl kçpfrt - F Bug
qul tu B‗³ uigjgls ³ lt qul tu B‗fgdls > Vul tu s`gs litgï fppfrtgliilit bls hŘurs lt b‗fpfgsldlit kls Lsprgts ( fr -
wáo).
rldlit í Bug, fvlh t`i lxtçrglur lt t`i gitçrglur, kfis tls
d`uvldlits lt tls rlp`s. Bug qug hfusl bf bgaçrftg`i kls jfrklfux, bls k`is lt bls
[u il v`gs
v` gs pbus bl agli futrldlit qul h`ddl
h`d dl vlifit,
vlifit, kl bgaçrfbgtçs. Gifhhlssgabl lst Xf H`ikgtg`i ( sf ‗i ).
Bug, kl dîdl p`ur bl dfb. [u t‗fiigogbls pfr rfpp`rt fux
hrçfturls lt í bf ifjs, í bf pfssg`i, í bf v`b`itç pr`prl, fux
kçsgrs lt í t`ut hl qug lst « futrl qul bl Xlgeilur (df-
wbá) ³.
(F hl stfkl) Gb bgaïrl bls dfgis kls hrçfturls, p`ur
qu‗lbbls s‗`uvrlit í t`g fvlh kls k`is lt blurs bfieuls,
p`
p`ur
ur q u‗lbbls kgslit
kgsli t tls dçrgtls. Gb t ‗lit`u
‗lit`urlrl í nfdfgs
nfd fgs kl Xf
s`bbghgtukl, kfis hl d`ikl
d`i kl lt kfis b ‗f‗futrl.
utrl.
Il s`gs pfs `uabglux
`uabgl ux kls h`ivlifi
h`iv lifihls
hls (spgrgtulbbls)
(spgrgt ulbbls) !
Qlefrkl vlrs Hlbug qug tl rlefrkl. X`gs t`uriç fttlitgvl
dlit vlrs Hlbug qug tl k`iil X`i Fttlitg`i. Fgdl Hlbug
qug t‗fgdl. Qçp`iks í Hlbug qug t‗fpplbbl. [liks tf dfgi í
Hlbug qug t‗ldpîhol kl t`dalr, qug tl jfgt s`rtgr kls tçiï
arls kl t`i gei`rfihl,
gei`r fihl, qug tl sfuvl kl tf plrkgtg`i,
plrk gtg`i, qug tl
bfvl kl tls gdpurltçs, qug tl bgaïrl kl b‗çtft hfkfvçrgqul,
kl tls gdfegiftg`is fanlhtls, kl bf ifjs qug `rk`iil bl dfb,
kl tls fss`hgçs çefrçs lt çefrfits, tls kgfabls, tls fdgs gi
tgdls, gei`rfits qug sl tgliilit li ldaushfkl sur bl hol
dgi ku Zrfg g d 9 lt qug s‗gitlrp`slit litrl t`g lt t`utl
ho`sl prçhglusl lt rfrl.
Nusqu‗í qufik (rlp`usslrfs-tu) 6f. rçsurrlhtg`i 0 Nus
qu‗í qufik (rlp`usslrfs-tu) bl Zrfg 0 Nusqu‗í qufik (hlttl
plrsgstfi
plrs gstfihl
hl fvlh)
f vlh) bf pfssg`i
pf ssg`i 0 Nusqu‗í
Nus qu‗í qufik
qufi k hlttl
hl ttl s`ttgsl
s `ttgsl 0
Nusqu‗í
Nusq u‗í qufik (kldfiklrfs-tu) hl d`ikl-hgd`i kl-hg 0 Nusqu‗í
Nusqu ‗í
qufik b‗futrl d`ikl 0 Nusqu‗í qufik hl qug lst « futrl
qul bl Xlgeilur ³ 0 @÷ tl tglis-tu pfr rfpp`rt í t`i Hrçf
tlur lt fu Hrçftlur kl t`utl ho`sl 0

X`gxfitl-tr`gsgïdl kgsh`urs >

K‗ui elirl kl h`iifgssfihl

(df'rgjf)

Kfis ui rîvl, h‗lst h`ddl sg nl kgsfgs > « Û t`g qug fs

s`hgls í s`i Xlgeilur, li bug-dîdl pfr sf ifjs, fu klo`rs
pfr Xls hrçfturls,
hrç fturls, kfis Xls Řuvrls
Řu vrls pfr
p fr sf v`b`itç
v` b`itç pr`prl
pr`p rl ³.
\i o`ddl
o `ddl qug sl tr`uvfgt í d`i hûtç, dl kldfikf kldfi kf >
« Vu‗lst-hl qul hl kgsh`urs 0 ³ Nl rçp`ikgs > « Hlbf lst ui
elirl kl df'rgjf (h`iifgssfihl) ! ³.

X`gxfitl-quftrgïdll kgsh`urs >

X`gxfitl-quftrgïd

Kl bf d`rt kfis bfqulbbl gb i‗y f

 p`gitt kl vgl lt kl bf vgl
p`gi vgl kfis bfqulbbl
gb i‗y f p`git kl d`rt

\i n`ur, nl rlsslitgs uil erfikl prç`hhupftg`i qug

t`urdlitfgt d`i ádl lt nl d‗litlikgs kgrl > « Nl vlux
h`iifétrl uil d`rt qug il rlhïbl fuhuil vgl li lbbl, lt çef
bldlit uil vgl qug il h`dp`rtl fuhuil d`rt ³.

Gb dl jut rçp`iku > « Vul vlux-tu kgrl pfr bí, lxpbgqul-

t`g hbfgrldlit 0 ³
Nl prçhgsfgs > « ]fr bf d`rt qug il rlhïbl pfs bf vgl, nl
vlux kçsgeilr df d`rt pfr rfpp`rt fux hrçfturls kl df
pr`prl
pr` prl lspïhl. Kl s`rtl qul n l il blur fttrgau
fttrgaull ig p`u v`gr
kl iugrl ig hlbug k‗fvfitfelr. Lt fussg df d`rt pfr rfpp`rt
í d`i gikgvgkufbgtç (ifjsà), df pfssg`i, df v`b`itç pr`prl
lt dls s`uofgts p`ur hl d`ikl `u p`ur b‗futrl. Vul nl il
rlsslitl ig il prliil h`ishglihl k‗fuhuil kl hls ho`sls.
Vufit í bf vgl qug il h`dp`rtl pfs kl d`rt, lbbl rçsgkl
kfis df vgl (sl kçr`ubfit) pfr b‗Fhtl kl d`i Xlgeilur
« sf
sfis
is qu
qull d`i lxgstl
lxgstlihl
ihl pr`
pr`prl
prl i‗
i‗y
y tr
tr`uvl
`uvl pbfhl.
pbfhl. B
Bff
d`rt kfis hl hfs, h`isgstlrfgt kfis d`i lxgstlihl fuprïs
kl Bug8=:.

8=: H‗lst-í-kgrl > « nl il h`iifétrf

h`iifétrfgg pfs d`i lxgstli hl h`dd l uil
rçfbgtç futrl qul bf Xgliil ³.

1<1 b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l

Hlttl v`b`itç f çtç bf pbus prçhglusl kl t`utls hlbbls

qul n ‗fg luls
luls klpugs qul n ‗f
‗fgg fhhçkç í bf h`dprçolisg`i
Hfqfbtu).
X`gxfitl-hgiqugïdl
X`gxfitl-hgiqugïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl b‗gitlrkghtg`i kl s‗grrgtlr h`itrl

Fbbfo b`rsqul bf suppbghft
su ppbghftg`i
g`i (2
(2ku lá )
tfrkl í îtrl lxfuhçl

Vu‗lst-hl qul hlttl grrgtftg`i h`itrl t`i Xlgeilur

b`rsqul tf kldfikl (k u rá y) i‗lst pfs lxfuhçl 0
B`rsqul tu tl pbfgis fgisg > « Gb d‗gitlrkgt kl d‗fkrlsslr
fux hrçfturls lt d‗gdp`sl kl il kldfiklr qu‗í Bug slub.
Z`gbí qul n ‗`açgs
‗`açgs í X`i `rkrl, dfgs qu‗gb il d ‗lxfuhl
pfs ³.
Gb t‗lst rçp`iku > « Ls-tu bgarl `u lshbfvl ( rfa k) 0 ³ Xg
fak)
tu fjjgrdls qul tu ls bgarl, fb`rs tu ls ui dçhrçfit (cfjgr).
Xg pfr h`itrl, tu h`ijlssls qul tu ls bl slrvgtlur ( rfak fak))
k‗Fbbfo, `i tl kld fiklrf > « Hrgtgquls-tu t`i dfétrl (wftt)
p`u r bl rltfrk fpp`rtç
fpp` rtç í tl rçp`i krl jfv`rfab
jfv` rfab ldlit
ldli t 0 K`u-
tls-tu kl Xf Xfelssl lt kl bf Dgsçrgh`rkl qu‗gb f p`ur t`g
h`ddl p`ur t`utls Xls hrçfturls 0 @u agli ls-tu kl hlux
qug s‗fastgliilit k ‗fhhuslr blur Xlgeilur «jiC
«jiC
Xg tu jfgs pfrtgl kl hls klriglrs lt rlh`iifgs, kfis hl k ç
bfg fpp`rtç p`ur tl rçp`ikrl, Xf Xfelssl lt Xf Z`b`itç
`rglitçl vlrs t`i agli, tu k`gs (pbutût) bl rldlrhglr. Li lj
jlt, Gb ho`gsgt p`ur t`g bl dlgbblur lt GG çb`geil kl t`g bl iug
sgabl.
Xg pfr h`itrl, tu B ‗fhhusls ku jfgt kl hl rltfrk, tu ls pfr
bí dîdl ui gihr`yfit, (cfjgr), hfr tu vglis kl Bug fttrgaulr

1< ; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL ' f a k f b - q á k g r f b - n éb á i é 1<<

b‗ginustghl, `r « Gb i ‗lst p`gi t ginustl fvl fvlhh bls slrv
slrvgg [`i fttrgautg`i kl b‗ginustghl sglk agli dglux í tf ifjs
tlurs ³8=5. Gb i‗fkdlt fuhuil ginustghl. Gb bug lst gdp`ssgabl qu‗í t`i Dfétrl (dfwbá ) - ]rliks efrkl í il pfs bug `açgr,
`açgr,
k‗îtrl ginustl çtfit t`i ]`sslsslur (Dá bgc ) lt Bl ]`ssls
Dábgc ig í fgdlr sf h`dpfeigl, ig í îtrl sftgsjfgt kl sls fhtls lt
slur kl t`utls ho`sls. Bl v`hfabl k‗ginustghl il bug sglk kl sls pfr`bls kfis b‗lisldabl kls çtfts. Lbbl lst
pfs, hfr b‗ginustl
b‗ginu stl lst hlbug qug p`r
p`rtl
tl bf dfgi sur bl agli b‗liildgl k‗Fbbfo h`ddl kl t`g-dîdl. Lbbl lst b‗fdgl kl
k‗futrug sfis sf plrdgssg`i. b‗liildg k‗Fbbfo lt kl t`g-dîdl, h‗lst-í-kgrl kl Xftfi, bl
Gb f fgisg rliku sfis `anlt t`i grrgtftg`i í X`i sunlt, bfpgkç (sfytòi fr-rfnàd). Lbbl lst s`i fdgl gitgdl, s`i ls
b`rsqu‗gb fegt fvlh t`g kl jfå`i í h`itrfrglr tf ifturl (tfa‟) pg`iil
pg` iil lt sf jgkïbl fbbgçl.
lt bl kçsgr kl tf ifjs 3 dîdl sg slb`i bls fppfrlihls tu ls Fbbfo, Fbbfo lt lih`rl Fbbfo
Fbbfo ! ]rliks efrkl, prliks
prliks
bçsç. efrkl ! Bl sfbut,
sfbut, bl
bl sfbut ! Fhhusl
Fhhusl tf ifjs lt fttrgaul-bug
[u k`gs t‗fstrlgikrl í bf rlh`iifgssfihl (sucr), í bf pf b‗ginustghl. Lt rçhgtl-bug bf ]fr`bl kgvgil > « ]`urqu`g Fb
tglihl, í b‗fhh`rk t`tfb fvlh Xf Z`b`itç, í b‗fafik`i kl bfo v`us jlrf gt-àb s`ujjrgr sg v`us d figjlst
figjlstlzlz kl bf rlh`i
b‗grrgtftg`i, kl b‗fhhusftg`i, kl bf plrsgstfihl kfis bf s`ttgsl ifgssfihl lt sg v`us fvlz bf j`g 0 ³86
³86= fgi
fgisg
sg qqul
ul bf ]fr`bl
]fr `bl >
kl bf ifjs lt kl sf pfssg`i qug çefrlit kl bf v`gl k‗Fbbfo. «F bbf o i ‗lst pfs ginustl fvlh bls
bls elis, dfgs hl s`it bls
Kldlurl kfis b‗gdpb`rftg`i h`istfitl lt bf rlholrhol sgi elis qug s`it ginustls fvlh lux-dîdls ³86 ³866 lt k ‗futrls
hïrl kl rljuel (fuprïs kl Bug) 3 kfis bf a`iil `pgig`i kl vlrslts `u ofkét-s qug v`it kfis bl dîdl slis.
t`i Xlgeilur
Xlgei lur ; g # 8=?, kfis b ‗fttlitl ku s`ubfeld
s`ub feldlit8
lit8==7, kfis X`gs li buttl h`itrl tf ifjs p`ur Fbbfo. Kgsputl-bf kl Xf
bf h`ijgfihl li Xf ]r`dlssl lt kfis bf puklur livlrs Bug. pfr t
pfrt H`dafts-bf,
H`d afts-bf, s`gs bl dlilur
dli lur kl X`i frdçl h`itrl
Qlstl t`un`urs li fhh`rk fvlh Xf Z`b`itç, efrkl X`i \ig lbbl. Lbbl lst bl pbus erfik kls liildgs k ‗Fbbío
tç (tfwogk ). Oátl-t`g k‗fhh`dpbgr Xls @rkrls, lt h`dp`rtl-
t`g h`ddl ui d`rt klvfit bf « klshlitl ³ kl Xls kçhrlts Fbbfo gD } kgt8
kgt8661 > « Û Kfwòk
Kfwòk,, ss`rs
`rs kl tf pfss
pfssg`i,
g`i, hfr
kfis tf klstgiçl lt klvfit b‗Fhtl qu‗gb `pïrl li t`g ! iub il dl kgsputl d`i Q`yfudl lxhlptç bf pfssg`i ³.
Xg tu il p`uvfgs t‗ldpîholr k‗fhhuslr lt k‗fv`gr dfu
vfgsl `pgig`i, fb`rs kgrgel hls fttgtukls vlrs hlbbl qug bls
dçrgtl bl pbus, í sfv`gr tf ifjs qug « `rk`iil bl dfb ³, bf
rlalbbl í s`i Xlgeilur «jòC
86= Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½;, vlrslt 6;5.
866 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½6= , vlrs lt ;;.
8=5 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½8, vlrslt 6?1. 861 GG s‗fegt k‗uil ]fr`bl rfpp`rtçl kl « B‗ui kls Bgvrls Xfhrçs ³.
8=? « Nl sugs fuprïs kl bf a`iil `pgig`i qul d`i slrvg tlur f kl
D`g ³. Ofké t quksà, qug sgeigjgl qul bl slrvgtlur tr`uvl s`i Xlgeilur
tlb qu‗gb b‗furf gdfegiç (Eçiçrlux, Hbçdlit lth. `u futrldlit).

8=7 « B ‗fttlitl (h`ijgfitl lt pftglitl) ku s`ubfeld lit h`istgtul

h`istgtul uil
fk`rft g`i ³ (ofkét).

X`gxfitl-sgxgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl b‗`rkrl
(k
(kuu rá )kl
lt suppb
suppbglr
glr pfr bf prgïrl
kl b‗gitlrkghtg`i
k‗fafik`iilr hlbbl-hg

Il kgs pfs > « Nl il kldf ikl rfg rgli í Fbbfo, hfr sg hl

qul nl kçsgrl d ‗lst
‗lst klstgiç, bf ho`sl vglikrf qul nl bf k l
dfikl `u pfs. Lt sg hlbf il d‗lst pfs klstgiç, Gb il dl
b‗fhh`rklrf pfs pbus í bf sugtl k‗uil prgïrl ³. I`i, pbutût
kldfikl-Bug t`ut hl qul tu kçsgrls lt k`it tu fs al
s`gi ku agli kl hl d`ikl lt kl b‗futrl lt qug il h`dp`rtl
rgli k‗gbbghgtl `u kl iugsgabl. Hfr Fbbfo `rk`ii l qu ‗`i
Bug kldfikl (bls ho`sls) lt i`us lxo`rtl í bl jfgrl.
Gb kgt > « Kldfiklz-d`g, nl v`us lxfuhlrfg ³868 lt
fussg > « L t k ld fik lz Xf jf vl ur í F bbfo , lt il s`u ofgt lz
pf s hl k` it F bbf o f jfv `r
`rgs
gsçç bls ui s pf r r fpp `rt f ux fu
trls pfrd g v`us ³86
³ 86;.
]fr fgbblu
fgbblurs,
rs, bl ]r`poït
]r`poïtll ( X ) f kgt > « kldfiklz í Fb
bfo, li çtfit hlrtfgi kl bf rçp`isl ³ lt çefbl dli dlitt >
« kldfiklz í Fbbfo li tlikfit bls pfudls kl v`s dfgis ³
Sí ofutlur kl bf p`gtrgil li ui elstl kl rçhlptg`iT 3 lt agli
k‗futrls trfkgtg`is lxgstlit í hl sunlt.
Il kgs pfs i`i pbus > « Nl b ‗fg gdp b`rç lt GG il d ‗f rgli
rçp`iku 3 nl hlssl k`i h kl bl prglr ! ³ Dfgs plrsgstl kfis tf
prgïrl kl kld
kldfikl
fikl {ku f*). Xg hlttl ho`sl t‗lst klstgiçl, Gb

868 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½;=, vlrslt :=.

86; Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½;, vlrslt 86.
1<? b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l

tl bf jlrf pfrvligr fprïs tf kldfikl

kldfikl.. Lt hlbf fuedlitlrf tf
X`gxfitl-slptgïdl kgsh`urs
kgsh`urs >
j`g, tf hlrtgtukl lt t`i tfwogk t‗lih`urfelrf í hlsslr kl tl
t`urilr vlrs bls hrçfturls lt t‗fdïilrf í t‗fkrlsslr í Bug,
kfis t`us tls çtfts, p`ur Bug lxp`slr tls als`gis.
Xg bf ho`sl il t‗lst pfs klstgiçl, Gb t‗fhh`rklrf k‗îtrl Ku h`daft spgrgtulb
sftgsjfgt lt h`dabç pfr Bug-Dîdl *$§# li h`dplisftg`i. h`itrl bf ifjs (ngoák fi-ifjs)
Fgisg s‗gb s‗fegt kl pfuvrltç, kl dfbfkgl, Gb tl bls jlrf fh
hlptlr. X‗gb s‗fegt k‗uil klttl, Gb rlikrf t`i hrçkgtlur h`d lt kl sf d`kfbgtç h`ihrïtl
prçol isgj, dfe
dfeifig
ifigdl
dl n us qu ‗fu d `dli t `÷ gb tl slrf k`i 
iç kl bl rlda`urslr
rlda`urslr.. Gb p`urrfgt dîdl gihgtlr t`i hrçkgtlur
í fiiublr `u fu d`gis rçkugrl tf klttl. Xg hl klriglr i‗li
jfgt rgli, Fbbfo tl rçslrvlrf uil erfikl rçh`dplisl li Hofqul j`gs qul tu h`dafts tf ifjs, bf vfgihs lt bf tuls
h`dplisftg`i kl hl qu‗gb il t‗f pfs fhh`rkç kfis hl fvlh b ‗çpçl kl bf « h`itrf kghtg`
kghtg`ii ³86< 3 Fbbfo bug rl k`ii l
vgl. Lbbl sl krlsslrf (í i`uvlfu) h`itrl t`g lt lxgelrf qul
d`ikl-hg.
kglux. Hfr GG lst Eçiçrlux, Qghol, lt [rïs Dgsçrgh`r tu bug fhh`rkls sls kçsgrs, sls pbfgsgrs « gbbghgtls ³ `u
« plrdgs ³.
Gb il kçå`gt pfs hlbug qug B‗gdpb`rl, kfis hl d`ikl-hg
`u kfis b‗futrl. \i açiçjghl f içhlssfgrldlit bglu p`ur hl H‗lst fgisg qul tu rlt`urils fu h`daft, í b‗ljj`rt kl
klriglr, í h`urt `u í b`ie tlrdl. b‗ldp`rtlr (sur bf ifjs) p`ur qul tl s`gt h`istfddlit gis
hrgtls kls rçh`dplisls. Z`gbí bl slis kl bf pfr`bl ku ]r`
Bl ofkàt sugvfit i`us f çtç trfisdgs > « Bl hr`yf it v lr poïtl
poï tl > « I`u s rlvli`is kl bf plt gtl eulrrl sfgitl
rf kfis s`i bgvrl, fu N`ur kl bf Qçsurrlhtg`i, kls a`iils
vlrs bf eerfi
rfikl
kl eul rrl sfgi
sfgitl . Gb pfrbfgt ku h`daft
tl ³86:*
fhtg`is gishrgtls qu'gb i ‗f p`urtfit pfs fhh`dpbgls. Gb bug
slrf kldfikç > « Bls fs-tu rlh`ii uls 0 ³ Gb rçp`ik
rlh`iiuls rçp `ikrf
rf >
« I`i, nl il bls h`iifgs
h` iifgs pfs
p fs 3 k ‗`÷ d
dll v gliili t-lbbls 0 ³ Gb
gliilit-lbbls
bug slrf kgt > « Lbbls s`i
s`itt kls h`dplisftg`
h`dp lisftg`is is p` ur bls kl 86< H‗lst-í-kgrl li bf h`itrlkgsfit, li s‗fpp`sfit í sls v` b`itç s, lt
dfikls qul tu fs jfgtls kfis bf kldlurl ku afs í sls kgsh`urs.

d`ikl ³ ³. 86: Bf trfkuhtg`i ofagtulbbl kl ngo ák pfr eulrrl

eulrrl sfgitl f çtç dfgitl
iul.
Gb li lst fgisg pfrhl qul pfr s`i gdpb`rftg`i k‗Fbbfo
Bl tlrdl ngo ák lst kçrgvç kl bf rfhgil N.O.K. qug h`ii`tl bls gkçls
gU}, bl hr`yf it lst kfis X`i giv `hftg`i, « b‗\igjgf it ³,
k‗ljj`rt, kl trfvfgb fssgku, kl buttl h`itrl kls kgjjghubtçs lth. Gb lst hbfgr
pbf
pbfåfi
åfi t bf ho`
ho`sl
sl í s`i likr
likr`gt
`gt fppr`p rgç, k`ii fit s`i kó í qul bl slis prldglr kl hl h`daft lst spgrgtulb, hfr bl k`dfgil kl bf
Hlbug qug bl dçrgtl, il s‗fttrgaufit ig j`rhl ig p`uv`gr 3 H`iifgssfihl lt kl b‗Ltrl f t`un`urs lu bf prçhlbblihl sur hlbug kls
b`gi kl t`ut `reulgb, frr`efihl lt fkdgrftg`i kl s`g. [`ut h`itgielihls, (kfis bf vgsg`i trfkgtg`iilbbl).

hlbf h`istgtufit futfit k‗fhtls pglux k`it bls rçh`dplisls Hlttl

efrkl klrigïrl
qu‗gb fjjgrdftg`i
lst qulstg`i p`urrfrçlbbldlit
kl bf vgsg`i îtrl h`itlstçl sg `i il prliks
trfkgtg`iilbbl, lt i`i
sl tr`uvlit fuprïs k‗Fbbfo
kls pçrgpçtgls kl b‗ogst`grl ‟tr`p‗ oudfgil qul k‗fuhuis s`it tlitçs kl
prlikrl, sfis pbus fdpbl lxfdli, p`ur bf « [rfkgtg`i ³.

1:= B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL ‗FAK FB-VÁKGQ FB-NÀBÁIÉ 1:6

h`itrl bf ifjs, ku jfgt kl b‗fhofrildlit kl hlttl klrigïrl Xg b ‗`i `anlhtl > « H`ddlit
H`dd lit bf ifjs kl b‗Liv`yç
kfis bls kçsgrs lt bls pbfgsgrs, lt kl s`i litîtldlit kfis bf k‗Fbbáo ; X ) rljuslrfgt-lbbl
rljuslrfgt-lbbl b‗fk`rft
b‗fk`rftg`i,
g`i, fb`rs
fb`rs qu‗gb
qu‗gb (X )
kçs`açgssfihl Sí FbbfoT. H‗lst çefbldlit bl slis kl bf ]f i‗f pfs kl pfssg`i 0 ³ (Xlb`i bf ]fr`bl kgvgil) > « G b i l

r`bl kgvgil
vgliil > « L t fk`rl
bf hlrtgtukl ³8665. Ht`i
³8 t`i
‗lstslgeilur nurlsqku‗í
bí ui @rkrl
@rk ‗Fbbáhhllo qul tlí
‗Fbbáo pf
bç rbl
³86?.pf6666s slrf
³86 slb`
slb`iirçp`iku
bf iku
rçp` pf
pfssg`
ssg`
> «i,qu‗Fbbío
hl q u ‗gb$$$6
$$$rçhgtl buglssl
6 s‗fkr lst írçv
s‗fkrlssl rçvç
X`çi
X`i
X`i ]r`poïtl gO ) kl h`itgiulr
h`itgiulr b‗fk`rftg`i
b‗fk`rftg`i,, bfqulbbl lst ]r`poïtl H®) p`ur qul s`gt jgxçl (pfr s`i lxldpbl) bf B`g
`pp`sgtg`i í bf ifjs. Hfr bf ifjs rljusl t`utl fk`rftg`i, lt Xfhrçl lt qu‗lbbl s‗fppbgqul í t`utl sf h`dduifutç nus
il rlholrhol qul s`i h`itrfgrl, nusqu‗í hl qul vgliil bf qu‗í bf vliul kl b‗Olurl. ]fr fgbblurs, Fbbfo «jgÇ f k`iiç
hlrtgtukl 3 h‗lst-í-kgrl bf d`rt.
d`rt. í s`i ]r`poïtl ;®) bf j`rhl kl k`dgilr bf ifjs lt bf pfs
sg`i p`ur qu‗lbbls il bug jfsslit fuhui t`rt, ig il bl
h`itrfgeilit í buttlr. Li hlbf gb lst kgjjçrlit ku rlstl kl sf
[`utlj`gs gb jfut sgeifblr qul bf « eulrrl ³ pr`prldlit kgtl i‗lst
h`dduifutç.
qu‗uil fppbghftg`i tldp`rlbbl ku ngo ák (h‗lst p`urqu`g lbbl lst qufbg
jgçl kl « pltgtl ³) qug il h`ihlril qul bf kçjlisl kl bf h`dduifutç Dfgitlifit sg bl hr`yfit plrsgstl kfis hl h`daft nus
trfkgtg`iilbbl li tfit qul tlbbl (bf eulrrl p`ur kls auts pr`jfils lst
i`ddçl ofra).
qu‗í
qu ‗í bf d`rt, lt qu‗g
qu ‗gbb rln`geil s`i Xlgeilur fvlh uil
çpçl kçefgiçl lt r`uegl pfr bl sfie kl bf ifjs lt kl bf pfs
Xlb`i uil t`ut futrl fppr`hol, gb lst hurglux kl i`tlr qul bls tr`gs
blttrls kl N.O.K. `it p`ur vfblurs iudçrgquls 8, <, ;, h‗lst-í-kgrl hlb
sg`i, hlbug-hg bug fhh`rklrf bl ]frfkgs h`ddl b‗fssurl Xf
bls ku hçbïarl trgfiebl pytofe`rghgli, lt k`it bl syda`bgsdl f çtç ]fr`bl gU $ > « Dfgs hlux qug rlk`utfglit kl h`dpfrfétrl
h`ddlitç pfr Qliç Euli`i, h`ddl fyfit trfgt í « bf Z`b`itç ³ kfis klvfit blur Xlgeilur lt qug efrkfglit blur ádl kls pfs
bl dghr`h`sdl lt fu k`dfgil fdgdgqul kfis bl dfhr`h`sdl. sg`is, fur` it bl ]frfkgs p` ur rljuel ³86
³867.
Hlux qug slr`it gitçrlssç pfr hl sunlt p`urr`it sl rlp`rtlr fu hof
pgtrl 16 kl « Bf Erfikl [rgfkl ³ i`tfddlit pfels 65: lt 655 kl Lt s‗gb litrl kfis bl ]frfkgs, gb li jfgt sf kldlurl, sf
b‗çkgtg`i Efbbgdfrk 67<5, `÷ Qliç Euli`i hgtl bf k`htrgil pytofe`rg plrd filihl
plrdfili hl lt s`i bglu kl
k l rlp`s. Gb lst fssurç
fssur ç kl il pbus
pb us li
hgliil fjjgrdfit qul > « bf Z`b`it ç çvlrtuçl pfr bf j`g... p`uvfgt sua s`rtgr p`ur fbblr fgbblurs lt sl rltr`uvlr kfis hl d`ikl-hg.
nueu lr bf Iç hls sgt l lbb l dîd l, h`ddfi klr í bf Ifturl, lt `pçrlr kls [`us bls n`urs lt í t`utl olurl, Gb ;jt!Y bug rli`uvlbbl t`us
dgrfhbls ³. B‗`i plut fgisg h`istftlr qul bl slis kl i`trl rfhgil vlr
afbl sl rltr`uvl pblgildlit lt qu‗gb il s‗fegt pfs ghg k‗ui nlu stçrgbl lt
elirls kl aglijfgts, lt bl rlvît kl t`utls lspïhls kl r`als
hçrçarfb. Kl pbus, sg b‗`i u tgbgsl bl « pltgt nf jr ³, `÷ gb lst
purldlit hçrçarfb. k‗o`iilurs, sfis jgi, sfis tfrgssldlit. [`ut h`ddl bug,
p`ssgabl k‗gitlrhofielr kls blttrls kl dîdl vfblur iudçrgqul, lt sg kfis hl afs d`ikl, fvfgt rli`uvlbç hofqul n`ur, í hofqul
b‗`i hofiel bl ngd li sgi (t`us klux kl vfblur 8), `i `atglit bf rfhgil olurl lt í hofqul gistfit, sf buttl h`itrl bf ifjs lt bf pfs
X [BK. qug k`iil bls gkçls kl « h`itldpbftg`i ³, « tçd`geifel ³, lt sg`i.
slh`ikfgrldlit kl « dfrtyrl ³. Hl klriglr tlrdl il k`gt pfs sueeçrlr
kl rçfhtg`is çd`tg`iilbbls, dfgs îtrl rfppr`hoç ku « iub il plut v`gr Vufit í b‗gdpgl (cfjgr), í b‗oyp`hrgtl (duiájgq) lt fu
Kglu sfis d`urgr ³ kl b‗Fihgli [lstfdlit. pçho lur ( 55s/). qug lux i‗`it pfs dliç bf buttl h`itrl bf
pçholur
Gb jfut plut-îtrl fn`utlr, qul iub il p`rtl tçd`geifel kl bf vçrgtç,
kfis hl d`ikl tçiçarlux, sfis li suagr bls h`isçqulihls.
]`ur rçsudlr hl pr`p`s qu‗gb jfut hb`rl, gb y f b‗fkfel sugvfit kl bf
Z`gl > náo gk tus áogk, s`gt « buttls sçrglusldlit, tu h`itldpblrfs ³. 8gX Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½<8, vlrslt 8;.
865 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½6<, vlrslt 77. 867 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½57, vlrslt ;B
1:1 B ‗ FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

ifjs lt bf pfssg`i kfis hl afs d`ikl, dfgs blur `it `açg lt

`it çtç k‗fhh`rk fvlh bl kgfabl (sfytái), gbs sl s`it fdfb X`gxfitl-ougtgïdll kgsh`urs >
X`gxfitl-ougtgïd
efdçs fvlh t`utls s`rtls kl pçhoçs, tlbs b‗gdpgçtç,
« b‗fss`hgftg`i ³ lt k‗futrls kl d`gikrls klerçs k‗gdp`r
tfihl, nusqu‗í bf survliul kl bf d`rt li klo`rs kl b‗Gsbfd
lt ku rlplitgr. Fbbfo bls prçhgpgtlrf kfis bl jlu pr`dgs fux Kl Xf ]fr`bl gd!9> « Hof
Hofqul
qul n`ur
n` ur GG
gdpgls slb`i Xf ]fr`bl > « Hrfgeilz bl jlu klstgiç lst kfis uil i`uvlbbl h`ikgtg`i ³
fux gdpgls ³81
³81=.
X‗gb bls y prçhgpgtl lt li jfgt blur rçsgklihl lt blur fa`u
tgssldlit jgifb, bl jlu argbbl blurs plfux, lt blurs hofgrs,
blsqulbbls slr`it (h`istfddlit) rli`uvlbçls. Fbbfo Yjg}9 B`rsqu‗Fbbáo lxfuhl ui slrvgtlur li bug fhh`rkfit hl
kgt « Hofqul j`gs qul blurs plf ux s`i t h`isudçls, i`us qu‗gb kldfikl, hlbf il rçsubtl pfs k‗ui jbçhogssldlit kl
blur k`iilr`is k ‗futrls plfu x ³81 ³816. GGbb jf
jfgtgt hl
hlbf
bf t`ut
t` ut Xf Z`b`itç ig trfhç
kçjgigtgvldlit k‗uilbld`kgjghftg`i fpp`rtçl
Hfbfdl lt qul í hl(kgvgil)
bf Xhglihl qu‗fvfgtf
h`ddl lux `it ferçç blurs ádls ( iujòs ) lt blurs pfssg`is,
t`un`urs su.
kfis hl d`ikl-hg, kfis blurs çtfts kl rçalbbg`i h`itrl Bug
gd9. Dfgs t`ut sgdpbldlit, sf kldfikl f çtç li fhh`rk fvlh
bf v`b`itç kl s`i Xlgeilur gD } p`ur b‗gistfit k`iiç. Bf
]`ur bls elis ku jlu, blurs plfux lt blurs hofgrs s`it
rçp`isl jfv`rfabl lt bf rçfbgsftg`i ku als`gi s`it `atliuls
h`itgiulbbldlit rldpbfhçls fjgi qu‗gbs e`ótlit fux s`uj
kfis bl d`dlit prçvu kl t`utl çtlrigtç, li vlrtu kl
jrfihls. ]`ur bls elis ku ]frfkgs, bls aglijfgts s`it h`itg
b‗frrgvçl kl hlttl olurl prçhgsl kfis bl h`urs kl bf klstgiçl
iulbbldlit rli`uvlbçs p`ur qul blurs kçsgrs lt slisftg`is
s`glit gitlisgjgçs. (gqfkfr ).
Bls Dfétrls kl bf Xhglihl `it fgisg h`ddlitç bl vlrslt
Lt bf hfusl kl hlttl sgtuftg`i sl tr`uvl kfis bl h`daft
h`itrl bf ifjs lt fu rljus kl bug `açgr kfis hl d`ikl-hg. sugvfit > « Hofqul n`ur 66 lst kfis uil i`uvlbbl h`ikg
tg`i ³811, h‗lst-í-kgrl > Gb h`ikugt bls pfrts fbb`uçls (df-
Hlbf lst bl slis kl bf pfr`bl ku ]r`poïtl ( = } > « Hl
qákàr) í blurs tldps jgxçs (dfwáqbt).
d`ikl-hg lst bl hofdp k ‗lisldlihldlit kl Zfutrl
d`ikl ³. Fbbfo il k`iil í plrs`iil kfis hl d`ikl qulbqul
ho`sl li vlrtu kl sf slubl rlquîtl. Kl dîdl GG i‗çhfrtl
p`gitt qulbq
p`gi qulbqul
ul ho`s
ho`sll k ‗uil plrs
plrs`iil
`iil slub
slubldli
ldlitt pfrh
pfrhll qul
hlttl klrigïrl b‗gdpb`rl kl bl jfgrl. Vufit fu ofkét > « Bl
81= Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1, vlrslt 1;. kçhr lt (qfkf N) kgvgi i ‗lst çhfrtç qul pfr bf prgïr l
816 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½;, vlrslt <:. (2k u lá o ³, sf sgeigjghftg`i, slb`i hlrtfgis, lst > qul bl kçhrlt

811 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½<<, vlrslt 17.

1 :; B ‗FHHÏ X F\ DWX[ Ï QL 'f a k f b -q á k g r f b -né b í i G 1:<

i‗lst çhfrtç qul pfr bf prgïrl prçvul pfr bl kçhrlt h`ddl í qug tu vlux lt tu ûtls bl rïeil í qug tu vlux, tu çbïvls
h`ikgtg`i kl s`i çb`geildlit. qug tu vlux lt tu fafgssls qug tu vlux. Bl agli lst kfis
Kl dîdl iub i‗litrl fu ]frfkgs pfr (bl dçrgtl) kl sls [f dfgi, lt t`ut [ ‗ls p`ssgab
p`ssgabl.
l. [u jfg s litrlr bf iugt kfis
fhtg`is, dfgs pfr bf (slubl) Dgsçrgh`rkl k‗Fbbfo «jg#. bl n` u r lt litrlr bl n` ur kfis bf iugt. [u jfg s s`rtgr bl vg
Içfid`gi
Içfi d`giss fu ]frfkgs
]frfk gs GG k`iil
k`ii l fux slrvgtlurs
slrvgt lurs kls klerçs,
klerç s, vfit ku d` rt lt s`r
s`rtgr
tgr bl d`rt ku vgvfit
vgvfit.. [u k`iils í qu g
í bf dlsurl kl blurs Řuvrls. tu vlux sfis h`dptlr ³ ³81
815.
Gb f çtç rfpp`rtç kl (Á‗gsf (Fbbfo s`gt sftgsjfgt k‗lbbl)
qu ‗lbbl
‗lbbl gitlrr`elf bl ]r`poïtl { X ) > « Lst-hl qul qulb
qu‗ui litrlrf fu ]frfkgs pfr sls Řuvrls 0 ³ Gb rçp`ikgt >
« I`i pfs, dfgs slubl dli t p fr bf Dgsç rgh`rkl
rgh`r kl k ‗Fbbf o ³.
Lbbl gisgstf
gisgs tf > « ]fs dîdl
dîd l t`g
t` g 0 ³ Gb rçp`ik
rçp `ik gt > « I`i, ig
dîdl d`g, s fu j sg Fbbfo dl h`uvrl kl Xf Dgsçrgh`rkl ³, lt
gb jgt bl elstl kl pbfhlr sf dfgi sur sf tîtl.
Li ljjlt, iub il plut fv`gr ui kr`gt sur Fbbfo « jg# lt GG
i‗lst pfs tliu kl s‗fhqugttlr k‗ui slrdlit. Gb jfgt hl qu‗gb
Bug pbfét. Gb jfgt s`ujjrgr qug GG vlut, lt pfrk`iil í qug GG
vlut. Gb jfgt dgsçrgh`rkl í qug GG vlut. Gb jfgt hl qu‗gb vlut.
« Iu b il b ‗gitlrr`el
gitlrr `el s ur hl qu ‗g b jf gt, dfgs lux s`it
s `it gi tlr
r`eçs ³818. Gb lirghogt (rgzq) qug GG vlut, sfis h`dptlr, kl
pfr Xf Dgsç rgh`rkl
rgh`r kl lt Xf Bgaçrfbgtç.
Bgaçrf bgtç. Gb prgvl
prgv l qug GG vvlut
lut kl
pfr Xf Nustghl. Lt h`ddli
h`d dlitt i ‗li slrfgt-gb
slrfgt- gb pfs fgisg, fb`rs
qul bls hrçfturls klpugs bl [rûil nusqu‗í bf slptgïdl tlrrl
(bf pbus gijçrglurl) s`it Xf ]`sslssg`i lt X`i @luvrl 0 Gbs
i‗`it pfs k‗futrl pr`prgçtfgrl ig k‗frtgsfi qul Bug. Gb
kgt > « J f-t- gb ui futrl hrçft lur qu ‗Fbbf o 0 ³81; lt fu fuss
ssgg >
« W f-t-gb ui futrl kglu fvlh Fbbfo 0 ³81< lt lih` rl >
« H`iifgs-tu qulbqul kgvgigtç qug b‗çefbl 0 ³ 8
1:.Gb « jb#
kgt > « Kgs > û Fbbfo , Dfétrl
Dfétr l k u rïeil, tu k`iils
k`ii ls bl rïei
rïeill
 818 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½16, vlrslt 18.
81; Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½8<, vlrslt 8. 815 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½8, vlrslt 1:-15.

81< Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½15, vlrslt :8.

81: Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½67, vlrslt :<.

X`gxfitl-iluvgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl J @r
@rkrl
krl kl kldfiklr
kldfi klr bl pfrk`i,
pfrk` i,
bf pr`tlhtg`i, bf eráhl, b‗ferçdlit
lt bf pftglihl í Fbbfo «jg#

Il kldfikl
kld fikl rgli k ‗futrl í Fbbfo
Fbbfo,, qul bl pfrk` i p `ur bls
pçho çs pfssç
pfssçss lt bf pr`tl htg`i ( 'gsdf) qug gdduigsl h`itrl
lux kfis bls n`urs í vligr 3 fgisg qul bf eráhl (tfwjéq) p`ur
uil fk`rftg`i h`ivlifabl, b‗`açgssfihl í b‗@rkrl, bf sftgs
jfhtg`i klvfit b‗fdlrtudl ku klstgi, bf pftglihl jfhl fux
kgjjghubtçs lt fux çprluvls, bf rlh`iifgssfihl p`ur bls
agli jfgts
jfgt s lt bls k`is 3 lijgi uil d` rt « shlbbçl shlb bçl pfr bl
agli ³81? lt bf rçu ig`i fvlh bls ]r`poï
]r`poïtls,
tls, bls Zçrgk gqul
gquls,
s,
bls dfrtyrs lt bls vlrtulux. Li ljjlt qulbbl lxhlbblitl
h`dpfeigl gbs h`istgtulit !
Lt il Bug kldfikl pfs hl afs d`ikl, ig bf hlssftg`i kl
bf pfuvrltç lt kls çprluvls p`ur bls rldpbfhlr pfr bf rg
holssl lt bf trfiqugbbgtç. (Kldfikl) pbutût bf sftgsjfhtg`i
kl tf pfrt lt kl hl qu‗gb kçhgkl. Lt gdpb`rl Xf ]r`tlhtg`i

81? Hfr bls fhtls kl t`utl uil vgl v`it kçplikrl p`ur blurs h`isç

qulihls jgifbls kl bf dfigïrl k`it hlbbl-hg vf s‗fholvlr.

\i ofkàt kgt qul hlrtfgils plrs`iils fhh`dpbgsslit bls fhtg`is kls
elis klstgiçs fu ]frfkgs plikfit prlsqul t`utl blur vgl, dfgs jgifbl
dlit t`dalit kfis bls fhtg`is kls elis kl b‗lijlr, kfis blqulb gbs s`it
prçhgpgtçs fprïs blur d`rt. Lt givlrsldlit k‗futrls, fprïs uil vgl rç
prçolisgabl, fhhïklit fu ]frfkgs ku jfgt k‗fhtg`is b`ufabls fhh`dpbgls
í bf jgi kl blur lxgstli hl tlrrlstrl.
tlrrlstrl.

'f a k f b -q á k gr FB-NbBÁIb 1:7

1:? B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

(/z
(/zg/0
g/0)8
)817 h`itgiulbbl
h`itgiul bbl kfis b ‗çtft `÷ GG t ‗f pbfhç lt çpr`uvç, Bug. [u il b‗fhhuslrfs pfs k‗fvfrghl p`ur futfit. Hfr tu il
nusq
nu sq u‗í hl qu ‗gb tl kçpbfhl
kçpb fhl í ui futrl çtf
çtftt kgjjçrlit.
kgjjçr lit. Hfr tu b‗furfs pfs kl
hŘur bgarl gdpb`rç pfr pfssg`i
hls ho`sls, lt v`b`itç
il kçsgrfit rgli,pr`prl, fyfit bl
dfgs fegssfit
il sfgs pfs kfis blqulb rçsgkl bl agli > kfis bf pfuvrltç `u
kfis bf rgholssl, kfis b‗çprluvl `u kfis bf trfiqugbbgtç. Gb f p`urr tl h`i
p`u h`ij`rd
j`rdlr
lr í X`i @ rkrl k ‗lxlrhlr
‗lxlr hlr bf kldfikl.
kldfi kl.
rlpbgç klvfit t`g bf shglihl kls ho`sls, kl s`rtl qu‗gb lst Vul bf pfgx s`gt sur t`g !
slub í h`iifétrl blurs fvfitfels lt blurs i`hgvgtçs.
Gb lst rfpp`rtç qul '\dfr Gai fb-Ofttáa f kgt
kg t >
« ]lu d‗gdp`rtl kfis qulb çtft nl dl rltr`uvl 3 qu‗gb dl
s`gt kçsferçfabl `u ferçfabl, hfrh fr n ‗gei`rl kfis blqulb kls
klux eét bl agli ³. Gb s‗lst lxprgdç fgisg í hfusl kl sf pfr
jfgtl sftgsjfhtg`i kl bf kgrlhtg`i k‗Fbbfo g D j lt kl bf qugç
tukl qufit í X`i Ho`gx lt kl X`i Kçhrlt.
Fbbfo kgt > « Bl h`d aft v`us lst pr lsh rgt agli qul
v`us il b ‗fgdglz pfs. Z`u
Z`uss p`uvl z il pfs fgdlr hl qug
v`us lst a`i lt fgdlr hl qug v`us lst dfuvfgs. Fbbfo sfgt
lt v`us il sfvlz pfs ³ 88
=.

Kldlurl kfis hlttl p`sgtg`i nusqu‗í hl qul kgspfrfgs

kgspfrfgssl
sl
tf pfssg`i lt sl argsl tf ifjs. Lbbl klvglikrf oudabl, vfgi
hul lt k`hgbl. Lisugtl s‗çvfi`ugr`it tf v`b`itç pr`prl lt
tls s`uofgts gikgvgkulbs. Bls d`ikls hrççs gfcwárg) s`rtg
r`it kl t`i hŘur, gb i‗y rlstlrf pbus rgli sgi`i Fbbfo
[`i hŘur sl rldpbgrf kl b‗Fd`ur k‗Fbbfo lt tf v`b`i
tç klvglikrf sgihïrl kfis Xf rlholrhol
Bl v`ub`gr tl slrf rliku pfr X`i @rkrl p`ur bf kldfikl
k ui pbfgsgr kl hl d`ikl `u kl b futrl. Dfgs fb`rs tu kl
dfiklrfs h`ij`rdçdlit í X`i @rkrl. X‗gb tl k`iil, tu
rldlrhglrfs lt tu n`ugrfs kl t`i b`t. X‗gb tl prgvl tu il
t‗grrgtlrfs pfs, ig il hofielrfs gitçrglurldlit pfr rfpp`rt í

817 Ogjz lst utgbgsçl p`ur bf pr`tlhtg`i qug livlb`ppl bls fw bgy á ‗
(sfgits) lt àsdá p`ur hlbbl qug fhh`dpfeil bls fi agy á ‗ (pr`poïtls). F
hl klriglr sunlt, hj. bf i`tl i½1;<.
88= Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1, vlrslt 16:.

X`gxfitl-kgxgïdl kgsh`urs >

Kl bf rlh`iifgssfihl
lt kl b‗fvlu kl b‗gdplrjlhtg`i

H`ddlit p`urrfglit îtrl fhhlptçls tf vfigtç p`ur tls

Řuvrls, tf h`isgkçrftg`i kl t`g-dîdl li lbbls lt tf kl
dfikl kl rçtrgautg`i 0 Fb`rs qul t`ut tl vglit kl bf eráhl
k‗Fbbfo, kl X`i Fgkl, kl Xf J`rhl, kl Xf Z`b`itç lt kl Xf
Jfvlur. Lt b‗fastlitg`i kls pçhoçs il t‗lst p`ssgabl qul pfr
Xf ]r`tlhtg`i lt Xf Xfuvlefrkl. @÷ tl sgtuls-tu k`ih pfr
rfpp`rt í bf rlh`iifgssfihl lt bf h`ishglihl kl hls agli
jfgts 0 Vul s`it k`ih hlttl s`ttgsl lt hlttl gei`rfihl 0
[u t‗lijblrfgs kl vfigtç í pr`p`s ku h`urfel lt kl bf
eçiçr`sgtç k‗futrug 0 Fb`rs qul tu slrfgs gihfpfa bl kl
h`dafttrl sfis b‗fgkl k‗ui o`ddl h`urfelux qug jrfppl
(k‗fa`rk) t`i liildg, tl plrdlttfit í t`i t`ur kl
b‗fholvlr. Xfis bug, h‗lst t`g qug slrfgs çtliku sur bl s`b í bf
pbfhl
pbf hl kl t`i fkvlrsfgrl.
fkvlrsfg rl. Kl dîdldîdl,, tu i‗fu rfgs p`gi t kç kç 
pli sç u il p frtgl
frtg l k l tl
tlss aglis sfis b ‗fssurfi hl k ‗ui o` ddl
dd l
kl h`ijgfihl eçiçrlux, qug tl efrfitgssl s`i rldpbfhl
dlit. Xfis Xf ]fr`bl lt sfis tf h`iv`gtgsl p`ur hl qu‗gb t‗f
plrdgs,
plrd gs, tu i ‗furfgs dîd l pfs k`iiç uil gijgd l pf rhlbbl rhlb bl kl
tls aglis. H`ddlit, kfis hls h`ikgtg`is, plux-tu çpr`uvlr
kl bf vfigtç p`ur tls pr`prls fhtls 0
B‗çtft bl dlgbblur p`ur t`g, h‗lst bl rldlrhgldlit, lt bf
eb`rgjghftg`i kl Hlbug qug t‗fssgstl (Fbbfo), lt Xf b`ufiel
plrpç tulbbl.
tulbb l. [u k`gs t`ut Bug fttrga ulr, kfis t`us tls çtfts,
í b‗lxhlptg`i ku dfb lt kls pçhoçs.

151 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

tghlHls
lt klriglrs, tu k`gs bls
s`i i`i-rlsplht klsrfpp`rtlr í tf ifjs,
h`ivlifihls. Lbbl ídçrgtl
s`i ginus
hls X`gxfitl lt `izgïdl kgsh`urs
kgsh`urs >
fhhusftg`is pbus qul qugh`iqul, hfr lbbl lst bl bglu kl t`us
bls dfux lt b‗gistgeftrghl kl t`utls jfutls lt k`ddfels.
Kl b‗
b ‗fspgrfit lt ku agli-fgdç
Dîdl sg h‗lst agli Bug «jòj³ qug lst t`i Hrçftlur lt bl
Hrçftlu r kl tls fhtls, fgisg qul kl t`i « fhqugsgtg`i ³
Hrçftlur
(cfsa)d.
(cfsa)d. [u il plux îtrl qul b‗ui kls klux > s`gt ui fspgrfit
H‗lst t`g qug « fhquglrs ³ dfgs h‗lst Bug qug hrçl. (,duràk), s`gt ui agli-fgdç frklddlit rlholrhoç (durák).
H`ddl b‗f kgt ui kls sfvfits pfr Fbbfo gjjéjr > « Lbbl
Lbb l Xg tu ls ui fspgrfit, tu slrfs hofreç k‗ui jfrklfu. ]`rtl
(b‗fhtg`i) vglikrf jftfbldlit kl t`g ³8881*
8681*. jfgx, tu supp`rtlrfs t`utl ho`sl kgjjghgbl lt b`urkl, hfr h‗lst
t`g qug kçsgrls. B‗fspgrfit lst li plgil nusqu‗í hl qu‗gb
Gb y f fussg bf pfr`bl ku ]r`poïtl > « Fegssl z. F p pfrvglii
pfrv gliill í s`i aut
au t lt rln`geil
rln`ge il s`i agli-fgdç.
agli- fgdç.
pr` hol
holz-v`
z-v` us (k Fb bá o) , s`yl z k r`gts lt jlr dl
dls.
s. Hofhui lst
Gb il tl sglk pfs kl jugr bls çprluvls qug fttlgikr`it tf
vlrs)) hl p`urqu`g gb f çtç hrçç ³.
fssgstç p`ur (fbblr vlrs
plrs`iil,
plrs`i il, tls aglis,
a glis, t`i çp`usl `u tls lijfits. [u k`gs li
kurlr nusqu‗í hl qul tu s`gs lxldptç kls Řuvrls (f'dáb)w
lt kçafrrfssç kls jfrklfux, kls s`ujjrfihls, kls prçnukghls
lt kls oudgbgftg`is. ]r`tçeç kl t`ut fvgbgssldlit, gdpurl
tç, `utrfel `u als`gi livlrs bls hrçfturls, tu litrlrfs kfis
bf h`dpfeigl kls agli-fgdçs, `anlts kl (Xf) s`bbghgtukl, bls
rlholrhoçs (durákòi).
 Xg tu ls ui agli-fgdç (durák), tu il k`gs pfs i`i pbus
fhhuslr bl Zrfg «j§# p`ur bls çprluvls qu‗gb t‗liv`gl. Il
k`utl pfs kl t`i rfie lt kl bf kldlurl qul tu fs fuprïs kl
886 Z`gr bf i`tl i½ :1. Bl Cfsa il slrfgt pfs p`ssgabl sfis bls fhtls
hrççs pfr Fbbfo.
Bug «jòC GG il jfgt qul t‗çpr`uvlr p`ur tl plrdlttrl
k‗fttlgikrl bf h`ikgtg`i kls o`ddls SvçrgtfablsT lt çblvlr
881 Hf
Hfrr bls fhtls (p`ur livgsf elr ui k`df gil pbus bfrel qul b ‗fhtg`i tf kldlurl nusqu‗í hlbbls kls « sfgits ³ ( fwbgyá) lt kls
pr`prldlit kgtl) s`it h`ij`rdls í bf iftur
ifturll kl b ‗Lt
‗Ltrl.
rl. « suastg
sua stgtut
tutss 99(fakáb-s).

888 GG s‗fegt
s‗fegt kl
klss fhtg
fhtgvgt
vgtçs
çs li e
eçiç
çiçrfb
rfb,, dfgs i`i
i`i kls `ab
`abgeft
geftg`is
g`is rrgg
tulbbls.

15; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL F a k f b -q á k g r f b -né b á i à 15<

Z`ukrfgs-tu qul tf kldlurl spgrgtspgrgtulbbl

ulbbl (dfizgbf) lt t`i sugs bl pbus h`iifgssfit pf r Fbbfo k ‗litrl v`us lt hlbug qug
klerç kl rçfbgsftg`i (kfrfnf) s`glit gijçrglurs fux blurs 0 Bl hrf git bl pb us ³.
Vul tls r`als k‗o`iilur, tls budgïrls lt t`i aglijfgt s`glit
d`gikrls qul bls blurs 0 Xg dîdl t`g tu tl tr`uvfgs sftgsjfgt H`ddlit h`ihlv`gr qul bl agli-fgdç s`gt çpr`uvç lt
kl tf h`ikgtg`i SfhtulbblT, bl Zrfg il b‗fhhlptlrfgt
b‗fhhl ptlrfgt pfs ljjrfyç, bug bl rlholrhoç, b‗`anlt kl bf s`bbghgtukl 0 Bf rç
p`urr t`g. Fbbf
p`u Fbbfoo ; § = kgt > «Fbbf o sfgt lt v`us,
v`us, v`us il sf p`isl
p`i sl rçsgkl kfis hl í qqu`g
u`g i`us fv`is jfgt fbbusg`i,
fbbus g`i, í sf
vlz pfs ³88;. Gb ho`gsgt p`ur t`g bl pbus ofut, bl pbus suabgdl, v`gr b‗fttlgitl kls kldlurls çblvçls kfis bl ]frfkgs. Li lj
bl pbus çblvç, bl pbus fppr`prgç. Lt t`g tu rljuslrfgs 0 jlt, bls klerçs ku ]frfkgs il pluvlit îtrl çtfabgs lt çblvçs
qul pfr bls Řuvrls fhh`dpbgls kfis hl d`ikl-hg > « Hl
afs d`ikl
d`i kl lst bl hofdp
hofd p k ‗lisldlihld
‗lisldl ihld lit kl
k l b ‗futrl ³.
Xg lxp`sç
fvlz tu `anlhtls,
t`ut kgsfit
k‗fa`rk,> « b‗çprluvl
H`ddlit,plut-lbbl
k‗fprïs hl qul v`us
fttlgikrl bl @r, bls fhtls kls ]r`poïtls lt kls Xfgits, fprïs
agli- fgdç,, fb`rs qu
agli-fgdç qu‗lbbl
‗lbbl h`ihlril
h`ih lril b‗fd fit lt qul bl prl  b‗fhh`dpbgssldlit kls h`ddfikldlits p`sgtgjs lt
dglr lst b‗`anlt kl bf s`bbghgtukl 0 ³ b‗fastlitg`i kls gitlrkgts, h`isgstlit li pftglihl,
sftgsjfhtg`i lt fhh`rk fvlh bf v`b`itç k‗Fbbfo kfis
Gb tl slrf rçp`iku > « I`us fv`is çv`quç li prldglr bf b‗çprluvl.
b`g eçiçrfbl, pugs dlitg`iiç, li h`ijgklihl, b‗lxhlptg`i
p`ssgab
p`s sgabll li
l i sl
slh`ik
h`ik bglu ³. Lt v`gbí qu‗gb bïvl bls trgaubftg`is lt qul blur pfrvgli
ilit bls aglijfgts, bls jfvlurs, bf s`bbghgtukl lt bf Qlih `itrl
É6 i ‗y f fuhui k`utl qul bl ]r`poïtl çtfgt bl Xlg (bgqòn p`ur t`utl b‗çtlrigtç « sfis jgi ³ (fafk).
eilur kls agli-fgdçs Sk‗FbbfoT lt fussg qu‗gb f çtç bl pbus
çpr`uvç kls o`ddls. Bug-Dîdl {$&) f kgt > « N ‗fg lu í Lt Fbbfo lst pbus sfvfit !
hrfgikrl kfis (bf hfusl) k ‗Fbbfo h `ddl plrs`iil i ‗f lu í
bl jfgrl. Lt n ‗fg suag kls k`ddfels kfis hlttl hfusl,
h`ddl iu b futrl i ‗li f suag.suag. Gb d ‗lst frrgvç kl pfsslr
trlitll n`urs lt trlitl iugts sfis kgsp`slr kl pbus kl i `urrg
trlit
turl qul i ‗furfgt pu fargtlr « b ‗fgsslbbl kl Agbáb ³ ³88<. Lt gb
f kgt > « I`us, fssld abçl kls pr`po ïtls, s`dd ls bls pbu s
çpr`uvçs k ‗litrl bls o`ddls 3 gb li vf (li hl k`dfgil) sl
b`i uil ogçrfrhogl kl d`gikrls trgaubftg`is p`ur hofqul
klerç `÷ sl sgtulit bls oudfgis ³. Gb f çefbldlit kgt > « Nl

88; Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1, vlrslt 181.

88< B‗lxprls sg`i lst trfkugtl

trfkugtl kfis sf bgttçrfbgt
bgttçrfbgtç.
ç. Gb s ‗fegt k‗gdfelr
uil pltgtl qufitgtç kl i`urrgturl (h`ddl qulbquls kfttls pfr lxldpbl)
í dîdl k‗îtrl hfhoçl s`us b‗fgsslbbl k‗ui o`ddl fsslz erfik (Agbáb
lst bl hçbïarl h`dpfei`i lt prldglr du‗
du‗fzzgi
fzzgi kl b‗Gsbfd).

X`gxfitl-k`uzgïdl kgsh`urs
kgsh`urs >

Kl hlux qug pfsslit pfr bls dfrhoçs

lt s`it fttgrçs pfr hl qug s‗y tr`uvl.
Lt kl hlux qug y litrlit
dfgs efrklit pftglihl

Hlux qug, k‗litrl bls elis kl rlbgeg`i lt k‗`aslrvfihl

fssgku l, pf ssli t pfr bls bglux kl dfr hoç
hoç888:,* kfis bl pfr
h`urs qu‗gbs k`gvlit ldpruitlr p`ur sl rlikrl í bf prgïrl
ku vlikrlkg, `u í kls rçuig`is `u futrls hgrh`istfihls
`abgeçls, h`iifgsslit kls çtfts kgvlrs >
Gb y f hlbug qug litrfit kfis bl dfrhoç lt y fplrhlvfit
 (bls `anlts kl) kçsgrs lt pbfgsgrs, s‗li tr`uvl fjjlhtç lt
h`ikgtg`iiç. Bls tlitftg`is s‗fttfholit fb`rs í s`i hŘur,
hfusfit sf plrtl, b‗fafik`i kl sf rlbgeg`i lt kl
b‗`aslrvfihl, bl rlt`ur í b‗fss`uvgssldlit kl bf « ifturl ³
(,tfa '), b‗`açgssfihl í bf pfssg`i. Xfuj sg Fbbfo bl rft
trfpl pfr Xf Dgsçrgh`rkl, Xf ]r`tlhtg`i, lt bf J`rhl qu‗gb

88: Bls bg
bglux
lux kl dfrhoç
dfrhoç çtfgli
çtfglitt h`isgkç
h`isgkçrçs
rçs pfr bls o`ddl
o`ddlss kl bf
Z`gl, kçsgrlux kl sl h`ihlitrlr sur b‗giv`hftg`i kl blur Xlgeilur,
h`ddl kls bglux kl kgvlrtgssldlits, kl kgsplrsg`is, lt `÷ b‗`i lst fu
h`itfht gd dçkgft kl t`utls s`rtls k‗gijbulihls « hfptgvfitls ³ lt
h`rruptrghls kl bf v`b`itç spgrgtulbbl. Fun`urk‗oug, h‗lst çvgklit, bl
« dfrhoç ³ lst pfrt`ut. Dfgs hlttl sgtuftg`i i‗lst pfs sfis gssul. Lbbl
plut dîdl s‗fvçrlr ui l fgkl p`ur hlux qug `it h`ddlihç í s‗çvlgbblr
spgrgtulbbldlit 3 dfgs dîdl lux k`gvlit efrklr bf hrfgitl k‗Fbbfo lt
il pfs s`us-lstgdlr bls gijbulihls qug y s`it í b‗Řuvrl.

'fak fb-qákàr fb-nébáié 157

15? B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

hoç, dfgs pfr s`i hŘur, gb v`gt s`i Xlgeilur ;òC Xf df
bug h`dduigqul p`ur rçsgstlr í hls tlitftg`is. Fuqulb hfs nls tç í ui d`dli
d `dlit,t, lt Xf Alfutç í ui
u i futrl.
gb lst sfuvç.
Gb y f lijgi hlbug qug litrl kfis bl dfrhoç, bl hŘur rld
Gb y f hlbug qug v`yfit hls ho`sls lst sur bl p`git kl sl
pbg k‗Fbbfo
k‗Fbb fo ;7=, kl pfr uil dgsçrgh`rkl qu‗gb bug fhh`rkl.
plrkrl,, dfgs rlvglit
plrkrl rlvgl it í ssff rfgs`i
rfgs` i Hfqb), í sf rlbgeg`i lt buttl
p`urr pftglitlr,
p`u pftgl itlr, auvfit
auv fit hofqul
hofqu l e`uttl fdïrl
fdïr l kl bf rçs
rçsgs
gs Hlttl dgsçrgh`rkl bl kçt`uril kl bf vgsg`i gitçrlssçl kl hl
tfihl fux tlitftg`is. Gb lst kfis bf sgtuftg`i ku h`dafttfit qug sl prçslitl klvfit bug. Klpugs s`i litrçl nusqu‗í sf
(,dunáogk), Fbbfo ;D$ b‗fssgstl p`ur vfgihrl sf ifjs, sf if s`rtgl (ku dfrhoç) gb lst pb`ieç kfis bf prgïrl (ku‟f (ku‟f ‗), bf
turl lt sf pfssg`i. Lt GG bug rçslrvl kls rçh`dplisls eçiç kldfikl kl pfrk`i, b‗gitlrhlssg`i, bf h`dpfssg`i lt bf dg
sçrgh`rkl li jfvlur kls elis qug s‗y tr`uvlit. Xls ylux
rlusls
rfpp`rtlkfis
qul b‗futrl d`ikl.
bl ]r`poïtl
]r`poïtl { X )\il
f kgttrfkgtg`i ( ofafr
> « Bl hr`y fit )sli`us
v`gt s`it rldpbgs
rldp bgs kl bfrdls
bfrd ls (p`ur
(p`u r bf h`ikgtg`i kls elis)8
el is)888? lt sf
gishrgrl í s`i pr`jgt s`gxfitl-kgx a`iils fhtg`is (ofsfif) bfieul lst `hhupçl í bf eb`rgjghftg`i lt bf b`ufiel k‗Fbbfo
p` ur s ‗îtrl kçt` uriç k ‗ui kçsg r (sfow
(sfowf),
f), qul hlbu
hlbug-hg
g-hg b ‗fgt p`ur hl qu‗gb blur f k`iiç kl Xls aglijfgts
aglijf gts lt Jfvlurs.
Jfvlu rs.
suanueuç `u pfs ³. Hlbug-bí lst fpplbç « e`uvlrilur ³ (li hofrel) kls hgtçs lt
kls o`ddls ( lgaák
ga ák ). Xg tu bl kçsgrls, tu plux bl kçsgeilr
Gb y f lih`rl hlbug qug s‗fppr`prgl hls `anlts kl kçsgrs, « h`iifgssfit ³, « suastgtut ³, « fshïtl ³, ³, « sfvfit gih`i
bls fhquglrt kl pfr bf jfvlur ku aglijfgt k‗Fbbfo ;D] ;D] qug iu ³, « suastgtut agli-fgdç lt rlholrhoç
rlh olrhoç ³, « vghl-rçelit
bug f çtç fhh`rkç li dftgïrl kl rgholssls dftçrglbbls. Lt gb (iá‗ga) sur tlrrl ³ (p`ur Xls slrvgtlurs), « fdafssfklur ³,
rldlrhgl Fbbfo «jjtb* p`ur hlbf. « ofagbl lxçhutfit ³, « eugkl lt eugkç ( dfokà) ³, « gikghf
Gb y f pfr fgbblurs, hlbug qug il bls v`gt pfs (hls `anlts), tlur ku holdgi ³, « dfétrl spgrgtulb ( dursgk) ³. Hlbug-bí lst
ig i‗li prlik h`ishglihl. Gb lst fvluebl í t`ut hl qug i‗lst bl s`ujrl r`uel lt b‗Řuj kl bf pgl (afyk
(afykft -rfq rq)887. Vul
ft fb -rfq
pfs F bbáo GG il v`gt
v `gt pf
pfss « futrl qul Bug B ug ³. Gb lst s`urk
í t`utls ho`sls lt i‗fttlik rgli k‗ui « futrl qul Bug ³. Gb
lst tr`p `hhupç pfr fgbblurs, p`ur rldfrqulr futrl qul X`i
agli-fgdç
agli- fgdç lt s`i als`gi kl Bug.Bug . Gb lst b`gi
b` gi kl
k l hhll qug `hhupl
`hhup l 88? Fgisg bf h`dpfssg`i, hhlbf
lbf klvrfgt îtrl çvgklit, i ‗lst b‗fpfifel
t`ut bl d`ikl. Xg tu bl v`gs pfsslr pfr bl dfrhoç lt qul tu k‗fuhuil j`rdl trfkgtg`iilbbl. Gb jfukrfgt í hlttl `hhfsg`i kçi`ihlr
b‗gitlrr`els sur hl qu‗gb y f vu, gb tl rçp`ikrf > « Nl i‗fg uil ginustghl qug h`isgstl í h`dpfrlr uil trfkgtg`i t`tfbl, qug k`gt rç
p`ikrl fux als`gi
als`giss kl t`utls bls hftçe`rgls k ‗îtrls oudfgis, fvlh kls
tgli vu ! ³ Hlrtls, gb f agli vu bls ho`sls dfgs slubldlit lislgeildlits pbus pfrtghubgïrldlit klstgiçs í hlux qug s‗liefelit
pfr « bf vul kl sf tîtl ³8 ³8885, ii`i
`i hlbbl kl s`i hŘur. Lt k‗ui sur bf v`gl kl bf kçbgvrfihl. Bl vçrgtfabl çqugvfblit kl sls lislgeil
rlefrk fhhgklitlb, i`i k‗ui rlefrk hupgkl 3 ui rlefrk j`r dlits sl rltr`uvl, p`ur b‗àsbád, kfis bl t f s f w w u j l t i`i kfis bf slubl
dlb, i`i lsslitglb, ui rlefrk kl surjfhl, i`i kl pr`j`i nurgspruklihl
nurgspru klihl h`dprgsl lx`tçrgquldlit.
klur. ]fr s`i lxtçrglur, gb v`gt hl qug sl pfssl kfis bl dfr- 887 [`utls hls kçi`
kçi`dgiftg`is
dgiftg`is tçd`geilit agli kk‗uil
‗uil rçfbgtç gigtgf
tgqul dçh`iiul lt v`gbçl pfr bf h`dprçolisg`i ofagtulbbl (plut îtrl
dîdl pbus pfrtghubgïrldlit pfr bf vçrgtfabl `aslssg`i) kls ‟j`ihtg`is‗
spgrgtulbbls kfis blur rfpp`rt fvlh bls gikgvgkus lt b‗ogst`grl « `anlh
tgvl ³. Gb y f ui igvlfu ku lfq b qug j`ihtg`iil p`ur bls als`gis kl hl
885 d`ikl slisulb lt qug fakgqul kgjjghgbldlit sls kr`gts !
Hj. bf i`tl i½1?:.

1?= B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

bf sftgsjfhtg`i k‗Fbbáo s`gt sur bug lt sur t`ut hr`yfit fspg

rfit í F bbfo lt pfrvliu
pfrvl iu í J ubtgdl stftg`i.
X`gxfitl-trlgzgïdl kgsh`urs
kgsh`urs >
Lt Fbbfo lst bl Eugkl.

K‗ui er`upl kl Xfgits fuxqulbs

Fbbfo rçvïbl bls vghls
lt kçjfuts k‗futrug

Gb frrgvl qu‗Fbbfo kçv`gbl í ui kl Xls fdgs (wfbà)

bls vghls hfhoçs k‗futrug, s`i dlis`iel, sls prçtlitg`is 3
s`i « fss`hgftg`i ³ (sgrc ) kfis bls fhtls, bls pfr`bls, bls
plisçls
plisç ls i`i lxprgdçls
lxprgd çls lt bls gitlitg`is.
gitlitg`i s. B ‗fdg k ‗Fbbáo li
 çpr`uvl uil h`bïrl sfhrçl gssul kl b‗fd`ur nfb`ux qug lst
bl sgli p`ur bl Xlgeilur, X`i Liv`yç lt Xf Qlbgeg`i. Hlttl
h`bïrlihl
prçsl
prçslihlfuedlitl
(`u dîdl
dîdli lbug-dîdl, pugs
li b‗faslihl)
b‗fasli hl) lxtçrglurldlit,
plrs` iilli li
kl bf plrs`iil bf
qulstg`i.
H`ddlit hlbbl-hg plut-lbbl prçtlikrl í bf sfuvlefrkl
fvlh hls dfbfkgls lt blur Sh`rtïels kl s`ujjrfihlsT lt hls
k`ublurs vgsgabls lt givgsgabls 0 H`ddlit plut-lbbl
prçtlikrl
prçtl ikrl fu tfwogk fvlh hl sgrc (fss`hgftg`i) 0 B ‗
« fss`hgftg`i ³ lst gihr`yfihl lt çb`geildlit kl bf
pr`xgdgtç
pr`xg dgtç k‗Fbbáo
k‗Fbbáo.. H‗lst b‗fttrgaut
b‗ftt rgaut kl b ‗liildg, kl Xftfi bl
bfpgkç, fgisg qul hlbug kls oyp`hrgtls qug sl rltr`uvlr`it
hlrtfgildlit fu pbus afs klerç kl b‗lijlr, p`ur y sçn`urilr
çtlrilbbldlit.
Bf dlitg`i kl hls vghls fppfrfét sur bf bfieul ku wfbà,
fvlh hlbbl kl hls fhtls dfuvfgs lt kl s`i `utrlhugkfihl í
prçtlikrl
prçtl ikrl h`dpbfgsf
h`d pbfgsfddl
ddlitit fux çtfts kls o`ddls
o`dd ls
vçrgkgquls, í `slr sl h`dpfrlr í hlux qug s`it fiigogbçs
kfis bl Kçhrlt lt b‗Fhtl k‗Fbbáo.

' f a k f b - q á k à r f b -n à b á i à 1?8
1?1 B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL

]frj`gs (hlttl rçfhtg`i ku wftt) vglit kl bf nfb`usgl p`ur SFgisg sl rçfbgsl sgd ubtfiçdlitT
ubtfiçd litT uil kgjjghub
kg jjghubtç
tç (utgbl)8
(utgb l)8;;6
Fbbfo (`u agli p`ur kçsfppr`uvlr, `u lih`rl p`ur fu wfbé lt ui açiçjghl p`ur b‗çefrç li plrkgtg`i pfr sf s`t
slrd`iilr hlttl plrs`iil). Bl h`dp`rtldlit ku wfbé plut tgsl lt s`i fvluebldlit.
fussg îtrl pr`v`quç pfr b‗Fhtl k‗Fbbfo b‗ldp`rtfit (sur Lt Fbbfo eugkl qug GG vlut vlrs bf v`gl kr`gtl8;1.
bug), pfr Xf Z`b`itç lt Xf H`bïrl h`itrl bl dlis`iel. Kfis
hl klriglr hfs, bls fukgtlurs, (sfis bl sfv`gr) fhhuslit Fb
bfo kl dçkgsfihl. Gbs s‗gitlrr`elit > « Lst-gb h`ivlifabl
qu‗ui Xfgit {wftt) dçkgsl k‗futrug, fb`rs qul hlbf bug lst
gitlrkgt 0 ]lut-gb`uçv`qulr
s`iil prçslitl faslitlkls
lt ho`sls
qug il h`ihlrifit
s`it h`iiuls uiligplr
kl
t`us ig kl qulbquls-uis 0 ³ Hlttl kçsfppr`aftg`i gbbustrl
kfis blur hfs bl vlrslt qug kgt > « Bl ur pî ho ç (gtd ) lst pbu s
utgbgtç ³
erfik qul blur utgbgtç ³8;
8;=.
Li b‗fppfrlihl, hlttl kçsfppr`aftg`i vlut kçi`ihlr ui
fhtl abádfabl, dfgs kfis bf rçfbgtç hfhoçl lbbl lst
rçpr`aftg`i ku Xlgeilur Bug-dîdl Squg lst b‗Felit kl hlt
fhtlT.
SBl tçd`gi fttlitgj kls pr`p`s ku wfbéT klvglit
plrpb lxl. Hl qug s‗gdp`sl
plrpblxl. s‗gdp` sl í bug, h‗lst kl sl tfgrl, kl sl
s`udlttrl (tfsbàd) lt k‗li holrholr b‗fhhlptftg`i lt bf
bçegtgdgtç kfis bf B`g Xfhrçl 3 pbutût qul bf h`itlstftg`i ku
Xlgeilur lt ku wfbé qug « dçkgslit ³ k‗futrug, ku jfgt kl
sls jfussltçs lt dlis`iels.
K‗fgbblurs hlttl « dçkgsfihl ³ plut klvligr bf hfusl ku
rlplitgr (kl bf plrs`iil li qulstg`i) lt b‗fdlilr nusqu‗í 8;6 Hfr bl w f b é rlih`itrl bf kgjjghubtç qug h`isgstl í çpr`uvlr
lxtgrplr bl dfb kl s`i îtrl lt í rlvligr kl s`i gei`rfihl lt b‗faslihl kl h`dprçolisg`i kl bf pfrt kls futrls o`ddls. Hl qug lst
í bf j`gs giçvgtfabl lt trïs utgbl í sf pr`erlssg`i gigtgftgqul. Hlttl lxpç
kl sls lrrldlits. rglihl lst hlrtls eçiçrfbl pfrdg bls o`ddls, dfgs kfis bl hfs ku wfbé,
lbbl klvglit pbus rfkghfbl, pbus krfdftgqul.
8;1 £ glst
gls t Tf tr
trfkuhtg`i
fkuhtg`i bf pbus h`urf
h`urfitl
itl lt bf pbus nustl, dfgs gb jfut
prçhgslr qul « Gb vlut ³ plut îtrl çefbldlit bu « gb vvlut lut ³ (fvlh ui g
dgiushubl) hl qug k`iil (li jrfiåfgs) « Fbbfo eugkl qug bl vlut vlrs bf
v`gl kr`gtl ³ 3 futrldlit kgt bl prgihgpl > « Fgkls t`g, bl Hglb t‗fgklrf ³
lst rfpplbç fu slgi dîdl kl b‗fjjgrdftg`i qu‗li kçjgigtgvl t`ut kçplik
8;=
kl bf v`b`itç k‗Fbbfo.
Vur‗íi, s`urftl i½1, vlrslt 167.

X`gxfitl-quft`rzgïdl kgsh`urs >

Hl qu‗gb gih`dal í b‗o`ddl

gitlbbgelit kl holrholr h`ddl
gikghftg`is p`ur pfrvligr (í bf
hlrtgtukl) kl b‗\igtç (wfokáigyyf )
k‗Fbbfo «
 Bf prldgïrl ho`sl qul b‗o`ddl gitlbbgelit Åáqgb) lxf
dgil h‗lst bug-dîdl, sf h`istgtutg`i. Lisugtl gb rçjbçhogt fu
sunlt kls hrçfturls (dfobuqát
(dfobuqát wf dfaku'áO)8 )8;
;8 lt kç kug
kugtt kl
sls `aslrvftg`is b‗lxgstlihl ku Hrçftlur. Hfr gb p`ssïkl
kfis hls h`ikgtg`is t`utls bls gikghftg`is h`ihlrifit
b‗Frtgsfi (kgvgi). Kfis Xf t`utl pugssfihl `digprçslitl, gb
f ui tçd`geifel kl Xf Xfelssl gijgigl. [`utls ho`sls
lxgstlit pfr Bug. Kfis hl slis, gb y f ui pr`p`s kl Gai 'Fa-
aás (qu ‗Fbbfo s`gt sftgsj fgt k ‗lux)8;
‗lux)8;;, li j `rdl kl h `dd li
tfgrl kl bf ]fr`bl kgvgil > « Gb v`us f s`u dgs dg s t`ut
t` ut hl qu g
lst kfis bls klux lt sur bf tlrrl ³8;³8;<.

8;8 Ghg klux igvlfux kl «hr çf tg` is³ s`it çi`ihçs > B ‗ g a k á ‗ lst
b‗gistfurftg`i kgrlhtl. Bl O fb q lst « hrçftg`i ³ pr`prldlit kgtl.

8;; @i sfgt qul « Gai 'Faaás ³ sgeigjgl Jgbs kl 'Faaás. Kfis hlttl
lxprlssg`i gb y f k`ih b‗çv`hftg`i kl klux plrs`iils, bl pïrl lt bl jgbs,
blsqulbs çtfit klux h`dpfei`is hçbïarls, s`it rçuigs kfis bl açiçjghl
kl bf açiçkghtg`i kldfikçl p`ur lux 3 k‗`÷ bl pburglb utgbgsç kfis bl
tlxtl frfal.
8;< Vur‗ái, s`urft
s`urftll i½;<, vlrslt
vl rslt 68
68..

1?: b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l 'FAK FB-VÁKGQ FB-NÀBÁIG 1?5

(Gai ‗Faaás) kgt > « Kfis t`utl ho`sl gb y f ui I`d ]ugssl Fbbfo bj$# i`us jfgrl açiçjghglr kl bf afrfcf (gi
k‗litrl Xls I`ds. Lt bl i`d kl hofqul ho`sl pr`hïkl kl jbulihl spgrgtulbbl) kl tlbs îtrls lt i`us rçuigr, bl N`ur ku
X`i I`d. [u tl tr`uvls litrl Xls I`ds, Xls Fttrgauts lt « rfssldabldlit ³, li blur h`dpfeigl, kfis blur prçslihl
Xls Fhtls. Gb lst hfhoç pfr Xf pugssfihl ( qukrf) lt dfig givg`bfabl (ourd) ! - ádài.
jlstl pfr Xf Xfelssl (ogcdf)8;)8;:. Zgsgabl
Zgsga bl pfr
p fr Xls Fttrga
F ttrgauts
uts lt
givgsgabl kfis X`i Lsslihl. Gb v`gbl b‗Lsslihl pfr bls Ft
trgauts lt kgssgdubl bls Fttrgauts pfr bls Fhtls. Gb kçv`gbl bf

Xhglihl pfr
Fhtgvgtçs bf Z `b`itç8;
(,ofrfcát
ofrfcát`b`itç8 ;6 lt dfigjlstl
). Gb kgssgdubl bf Zlt
b‗ofagbltç `b`itç pfr
p fr bls
b‗`pçrftg`i,
kçpb`yfit b‗Řuvrl lbbl-dîdl pfr bf Z`b`itç. Gb rlstl hfhoç
kfis X`i Dystïrl lt dfigjlstl kfis Xf Xfelssl lt Xf pugs
sfihl. « Qgl
Qglii i ‗ls t slda bfabl
bfab l í Bug, lt GG ls t hl
hlbug
bug q ug li
tl
tlik
ik l t qu g v`
v`gt
gt ³
8
;?
.

Gai 'Faaás f tçd`geiç, pfr hls pfr`bls, kl slhrlts kl bf

h`iifgssfihl qug il sl dfigjlstlit qu‗í pfrtgr kl bf
« igho l rlh
rlhlbf
lbfit lf u ³8;7. X`i hfs (fdr ) f pr`hç
it u i jbfda lfu
kç kl bf prgïrl sugvfitl, qul bl ]r`poïtl, blvfit bls
« dfgis kl b‗gdplhhfagbgtç ³ ( àsdá ), f jfgtl í s`i fvfi
tfel > «Fbbáouddf, k`iil-bug bf h`dprçolisg`i (jgqo) kl
bf rlbgeg`i (kéi) lt lislgeil-bug bl tf Rvàb ³8<
³8<=.

8;: Bf q u f k r f h`ihlril b‗gitçrglur. Bf o g c d f sl rfpp`rtl fu vgsgabl,

fu dfigjlstç.
8;5Bf v`b`itç k‗Fbbfo s‗lxlrhl li h`ij`rdgtç fvlh bf Xhglihl qu‗gb
f kls ho`sls.
8;? Vujái,
Vuj ái, s`urftl i½;1, vlrslt 66
66..
8;7Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½1;, vlrslt 8<.
8<= Hlttl prgïrl ku ]r`poïtl gikgqul agli qul bl tlrdl kl
tf ‗wàb lxgstfgt kçs bl kçaut kl b‗Gsbád lt qu‗gb il s‗fppbgqufgt pfs,
h`ddl `i b‗f tr`p s`uvlit v`ubu ubtçrglurldlit, fux lxpbghftg`is
« gikgvgkulbbls ³, rftg`iilbbls v`grl jfitfgsgstls.
]fr fgbblurs, lbbl rçvïbl b‗lrrlur kl hlux qug j`it uil blhturl ku
vlrslt 5 kl bf s`urftl 8 tlbbl qu‗gbs kçiglit í qugh`iqul, sfuj í Fbbfo,
eb`grl í Bug, bf Xhglihl ku tf ‗wàb.

X`gxfitl-qugizgïdl kgsh`urs >

Ku tfsf wwujj8<6l
tfsfwwu 6ltt kl
k l bbf
f afsl
af sl su
surr
bfqulbbl gb lst çtfabg
 Nl tl rlh`ddfikl bf hrfgitl k‗Fbbfo (tfqwá Fbbfo )8
)8<
<1 lt
s`i ` açgss fihl 3 bl rlsp lht kl b ‗lxtçr glur kl bf B `g8
`g8<
<8,
b‗gitçergtç kl bf p`gtrgil (sfkr), bf eçiçr`sgtç kl b‗ádl,
b‗fdçigtç ku vgsfel, bf hofrgtç fegssfitl, b‗fastlitg`i
k‗`hhfsg`iilr ku dfb, bf pftglihl klvfit bl prçnukghl lt bf

8<6 Kl i`s n`urs trfkugt pfr bl tlrd l « s`ujgsdl ³, tlrdl li gsril.

Bl kçbuel k‗gei`rfihl gih`ishglitl çtfit sg pugssfit í b‗olurl fhtulbbl,
hlrtfgis il vlrr`it kfis hlttl rldfrqul qul hoghfil `u prçhg`sgtç.
[`utlj`gs, gb jfut lspçrlr qul k‗futrls sl s`uvglikr`is ku rldïkl fu
kçs`rkrl s`hgfb, prûiç í b‗ldplrlur kl Hogil pfr H`ijuhgus > rçtf abgr
bf kçi`dgi ftg`i nust l k ls ho`sls.

8<1Hj. bf i`tl i½6=6.

8<8 B‗ « lxtçrglur ³ kl bf b`g > hl qug

qug gdpbgqul h bfgrl dlit qu‗lbbl
qu‗l bbl f
fussg ui « gitçrglur ³, dfgs qu‗gb il sujjgt pfs kl holrholr í sl
h`ij`rdlr slubldlit f hl klriglr. Li ljjlt b‗gitçrglur, agli h`dprgs,
gihbut b‗lxtçrglur. Bf kgvgsg`i lxtçrglur/gitçrglur i‗lst qul h`ihlp
tulbbl, toç`rgqul. « B`rsqul b‗`i f dgs kl hûtç bf plfu ku d`ut`i,
h‗lst qul hl klriglr lst kçní d`rt ³ h`ddl i`us bl kgsfgt ui o`ddl
sgdpbl, dfgs ldpbg kl hl a`i slis qug jfgt tfit kçjfut í hlrtfgis
« gitlbblhtulbs ³.
Gb jfut h`ivligr qul hl prgihgpl, kfis sf dgsl li prftgqul plut jfgrl
çpr`uvlr (fux plrs`iils h`ikgtg`iiçls pfr bf dlitfbgtç d`klril) kls
« tlisg`is ³ pfr rfpp`rt í uil fppr`hol qug sl vlut « gitçrglurl ³ fvfit
t`ut. Dfgs kfis hl hfs hl i‗lst nfdfgs ku jfgt kl bf B`g Kgvgil lbbl-
dîdl, dfgs kl bf h`ihlptg`i, lt kl bf prftgqul qu‗li `it bls o`ddls
qug i`us bf trfisdlttlit.

17= B‗FHHÏX f u d y s t ï r l 'FAK f b -q á k gr f b - n Gb í i é 176

pfuv rltç , bf kçjl isl kl bf kgeig tç kls dfétrl s spgrgt ulbs, B

fs
fe
ls
slk
gv
gi
ltfsfwwuj)8<;, sur bl d`kïbl kl
(
b‗fjjfagbgtç fvlh bls jrïrls, bf vçrfhgtç lt bl a`i h`islgb Dòsá (D`àsl) ;$®) 3
fvlh bls pltgts h`ddl bls erfiks Sk‗litrl luxT 3 bl rli`i
hldlit fux qulrlbbls, bf a`itç lt bf aglivlgbbfihl, ♪ Bls p çrçergif tg` i
ì
s (sgyáof), sur bl d`kïbl kl
b‗ofagtukl kl bf bgaçrfbgtç lt b ‗faf
‗fafik`i
ik`i kl bf toçsfurgs
toçsfurgsftg`i,
ftg`i, i`trl slgeilur Gs f (Nçsus) {?=R) 3
(Nçsus)
bf hlssftg`i kl bf jrçqulitftg`i kls pr`jfils, lt b‗litrfgkl ♪ B f p f uv r
l tç (jfqr), sur bl d`kïbl kl i`trl slg
p`u r bf vgl trfk gtg` iil bbl (kài ) lt hlbbl kl hl afs d`ikl eilur lt ]r`poïtl Duofddfk qul bf eráhl lt bf
(kuiyá). pfgx s`gli t sur bug fgisg qul sur sls jrïrl
jrïrlss k‗l
k‗litrl
itrl
Bf vrfgl pfuvrltç h‗lst hlbbl qul tu il dfigjlstl pfs í bls ]r`poïtls lt bls Liv`yçs, t`utls blurs jfdgbbls
t`i sldabfabl. Bf vrfgl rgholssl h‗lst k‗îtrl gikçplikfit
(Áb) lt t`us blurs h`dpfei`is.
kl t`i sldabfabl.

Bl tfsfwwuj il h` isgstl pfs í fhquçrgr bf h`iifgssfihl

pfr bls kgshu
kgshussg`i s, bls « n`utl s `rft` grls ³ (qéb wf qáb),
ssg`is,
dfgs pfr bf jfgd, bf rupturl kls ofagtukls lt b‗çb`geildlit
kls ho`sls pbfgsfitls Sp`ur b‗gikgvgkufbgtçT.

I ‗fa`rkl pfs ui jf q àr fvlh bf shglihl, tu b‗ljjfr`u

holrfgs, dfgs
dfgs fa`rkl bl pbutût fvlh bf a`itç - Bf shglihl
çb`geil k‗ldabçl lt bf aglivlgbbfihl (rgjq) hrçl b‗gitgdgtç.

Vufit fu tfsfwwuj, gb lst aátg sur ougt qufbgtçs (ogsáb) > 8<; H`dd
H`ddll hlbf f çtç sgsgeifb
eifbçç pfr Qliç EEuli`i
uli`i > « Ltfit k`iiç bbll
hfrfhtïrl kl bf bfieul frfal (hfrfhtïrl qug bug lst k‗fgbblurs h`ddui
B
fe
çi
çr
`s
s̀
g
tç(sfoá *), sur bl d`kïbl kl i`trl slg fvlh bf bfieul oçarfàqul), bl slis prldglr lt j`ikfdlitfb k`gt îtrl
eilur Garáoéd (Farfofd) 3 k`iiç pfr bls i`darl 3 lt li jfgt, hl qu‗gb y f kl pfrtghubgïrldlit rl
dfrqufabl, h‗lst qul pf r b‗fkkgtg
b‗fkkgtg`i
`i kls vfblurs iudçrgquls kls blttrls
B
fs
ft
gs
jf
ht
g`
i{rgkf), sur bl d`kïbl kl Gsoáq k`it gb lst j`rdç bl d`t åòj g f bl i`darl kl blttrls qul « fb-ogcd f fb-
gbáogyyf ³ h‗lst-í-kgrl « sfelssl kgvgil ³«. (Qliç Euli`i, Fpl råu sur
(Gsffh) 3
b‗çs`tçrgsdl Gsbfdgqul lt bl tf`àsdl, hofpgtrl 6).
B
fp
ft
gl
ih
l(sfaj), sur bl d`kïbl kl Fyyòa (N`a) « ]lrs`iil il plut nfdfgs sl kgrl åòjb, sg hl i‗lst pfs purl gei`
rfihl, hfr gb pr`uvl pfr bí dîdl qu‗gb il b‗lst pfs rçlbbldlit, hlttl
qufbgtç çtfit içhlssfgrldlit ui slhrlt « sgr r ³ litrl bl vçrgtfabl åòjb lt
Fbbfo 3 `i plut slubldlit sl kgrl dutfsfw wgj, tlrdl qug s‗fppbgqul í
B
‗
fb
bus
g`
i( gsárf), sur bl d`kïbl kl ^fcfrgyf
ì qugh`iqul lst litrç kfis bf « v`gl ³ gigtftgqul, í qulbqul klerçs qu‗gb
(^fhofrgl) ;®®') 3 s`gt pfrvliu 3 dfgs bl åójé fu vrfg slis ku kl hl d`t lst slubldlit hl
bug qug f fttlgit bl klerç suprîdl ³. (Gagkld).
B
‗
lxp
ft
rg
ftg
`i(euraf ), sur bl d`kïbl kl Wfoyá
ì @i bl v`gt, bl åòjb f hlssç k‗îtrl ui gikgvgku, gb s‗gklitgjgl í bf Xf
(Nlfi) 2(?Xg) 3 elssl kgvgil lbbl-dî
lbbl-dîdl.
dl.

X`g
X`gxfit
xfitl-sl
l-slgzg
gzgïdl
ïdl kgsh`urs8
kgsh`u rs8<
<<8
:>
<
 Nl tl rlh`ddfikl kl jrçqulitlr bls rghols fvlh kgeigtç
(ag-ft-tf'zàz), lt bls pfuvrls fvlh oudgbgtç (ag-ft-tfkbàb
(ag-ft-tfkbàb).
).
Efrkl b‗oudgbgtç lt bf sgihçrgtç, futrldlit kgt bf plrdf
ilitl vgsg`i ku Hrçftlur. Il hrgtgqul p`git Fbbfo kfis Stls
rçfhtg`is livlrsT bls hfusls slh`ikls, kldlurl Bug oud

abl
abldl
dlit
it s` udgs kfis t`us bls çt
çtfts.
fts.
Il içebg
içebgel
el p`gi t bl kr`gt kl t`i jrïrl s`us prçtl xtl kl
b‗fdgtgç qug v`us uigt.

Jrçqulitl bls « pfuvrls ³ (juqfríy

(juqfríy<<: fvlh d`klstgl,
kfis bl rlsplht kls h`ivlifihls lt fvlh eçiçr`sgtç. Lt
bfgssl tf ifjs pçrgr nusqu‗í hl qul bf vgl SvçrgtfablT tl s`gt
k`iiçl.
SX`uvglis-t`g qulT bls hrçfturls bls pbus pr`hols
k‗Fbbfo s`it hlbbls qug s‗fvïrlit bls pbus dfeifigdls. (Lt
qul) bf dlgbblurl Řuvrl h`isgstl li bf efrkl ( rg'áyf
rg'áyf)) ku
« slhrlt ³ (sgrr) p`ur qu‗gb il sl t`uril pfs vlrs « futrl
qu‗Fbbfo ³.

8<8 Hl kgsh`urs il p`rtl fuhui

fuh ui tgtrl kfis bb‗`rgegifb.
‗`rgegifb.

8<: ]fuvrl s‗litlik kfis bls klux slis, kl pfuvrltç dftçrglbbl lt

pfuvrltç spgrgtulbbl. Z`gr bl hofpgtrl fb -Jfqru kfis Fp lr åu s su r
b‗çs`tçrgsdl gsbfdgqul lt bl tf`àsdl pfr Qliç Euçi`i.

1 7; B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL
'f ak f b -q á k gr f b - n éb á ià 17<

[glis-t`g jlrdldlit í bf Zçrgtç lt í bf pftglihl. Vul

kfis hl d`ikl, klux ho`sls tl sujjgslit > bf h`dpfeigl
k‗ui jf q àr lt bl slrvghl ( ogkdf) fssgku rliku í ui wfbà. Xf blhturl ‟suiigtl‗ kl bf porfsl 3 hl qul bl dfkofa ku sfyo lt bl h`itlxtl
h`ijgrdlit.
hol qul bl jf qà r lst hlbug qug il sl h`itlitl kl rgli li kl
Agli sór, uil blhturl sjgtl litlikrfgt hlttl porfsl h`ddl gdpbg
o`rs k ‗Fbbfo gO ). (Lt sfhol sfhol qul)
qul) b‗ferlssg`i
b‗ferlssg`i kgrgeçl
kgrgeçl qufit qul bl ]r`poïtl furfgt bug-dîdl h`ijgç sf Bglutlifihl í qulb
h`itrl ui gijçrglur lst jfgablssl, h`itrl ui supçrglur uil qu‗ui 3 (Bl prgihgpl kl bf kçsgeiftg`i fssurfit bf h`itgiugtç p`ur hof

jfijfr`iifkl, lt h`itrl ui çefb ui dfuvfgs hfrfhtïrl. qul çp`qul).

Bf pfuvrltç lt bl tfswwuj s`it kls ho`sls sçrglusls. Il
bls prliks li rgli í bf bçeïrl.
bçeïrl.
Vu‗Fbbáo i`us fhh`rkl Xf eráhl pr`pghl ( wfnjfqfiá)
fgisg qu‗í t`us
t`us bls dusubdfis
dusubdfis - ádài !
Û Fdg (wfbà), fppbgqul-t`g í b‗giv`hftg`i (kgcr) k‗Fbbfo
kfis t`ut çtft, hfr lbbl rçuigt t`ut agli p`ssgabl. Lt pr`tïel-
t`g li fkoçrfit jlrdldlit í bf « h`rkl k‗Fbbf
k‗Fbbf o ³8<
³8<5 3 hl qu
qugg
rlp`usslrf t`utl hfbfdgtç. Qlstl t`un`urs prît í rlhlv`gr
bls çvçildlits kçhrçtçs pfr bl Klstgi, hfr gbs s`it giçbuh
tfabls. Lt sfhol qul tu slrfs gitlrr`eç sur tls d`uvldlits
lt tls rlp`s. H`isfhrl-t`g í hl qug lst bf prg`rgtç kl
b‗gistfit lt prliks efrkl í il pfs liefelr tls dldarls
kfis kls fhtls suplrjbus.
X`gs `açgssfit í Fbbfo, í X`i ]r`poïtl lt í hlbug fuqulb
Gb f h`ijgç Xf Bglutlifihl (wfbá-ou)8<?.
8<5 Vur‗ái,
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i ½8, vlrsl t 68.
Bf h`rk l k ‗Fbbfo > gb jfut holrholr í h`dprlikrl hl qu‗lbbl plut
îtrl h`ihrïtldlit, hfr bl Vur‗ái
Vur‗ái il pfrbl pfs dçtfpo`rgquldlit. Kfis
ui prldglr slis lt dîdl kfis t`us bls slis h‗lst bf Vur‗ái bug-dîdl.
@i rldfrqulrf ui syda`bgsdl fxgfb (h`rkl tlikul vlrtghfbldlit)
lt b‗gin`ihtg`i kl sl « rçuigr ³ fut`ur kl hlt fxl p`ur prçvligr bf kgs
plrsg`i jftfbl.
8<? Kfis hlttl porfsl bl pr`i`d gb plut fussg agli kçsgeilr Fbbfo
qul X‗Liv`yç.
X‗Liv`yç. Fgisg bf dfnushubl (ku tlxtl trfkug
trfkugt)
t) h`rrlsp`ik í bf
Hlttl rldfrqul plut sldablr o`rs kl pr`p`s. Dfgs f-t-`i sujjg
sfddlit rldfrquç qul bl Vur‗ái bug-dîdl prçslitl kls pfssfels ku
dîdl stybl 0 Lt hlttl j`gs sfis fdageuàtç sur bl slis, `÷ bls i`ds
« Fbbáo lt X`i Liv`yç ³ `it uil j`ihtg`i erfddftghfbl kl sunlts `u
h`dpbçdlits k‗`anlt, kfis uil porfsl `÷ b‗fhtg`i lst lxprgdçl pfr ui
vlral í bf tr`gsgïdl plrs`iil ku sgieu bglr lt `÷ bl rliv`g fu h`upbl
dfrqul blur gikgvgsgagbgtç. Lxldpbl > Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½;?, vlrslt 7 3
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½;, vlrslts 68-6; 3 Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½?, vlrslt 1= 3
Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½?, vlrslt 1;, lth.). Xgeifb`is fu pfssfel uil futrl
fss`hgftg`i çtr`gtl, i`i sfis rfpp`rt fvlh bl sunlt çv`quç > hlbbl kl
b‗O`ddl ]frjfgt lt ku Vur‗ái. Hlttl vçrgtç lst çi`ihçl fussg agli pfr
Xfyygkg Duoyy fk-Kài Gai 'Frfaà qul pfr bls hogjtls, qug lux pfrblit
kl b‗Gdád h`ddl « dfgitlilur ku Vur‗ái ³. Bls lx`tçrgstls p`urr`it
vçrgjglr qul hlttl vçrgtç sl tr`uvl agli kfis bl Ofkgt sugvfit > « Nl v`us
bfgssl klux ho`sls prçhglu sls > bl Bgvrl k ‗Fbbáo lt bls elis kl df Dfg
s`i blsqulbs, il sl sçpf rlr` it nfd fgs n us uq ‗fu N`urs kl bf Qçsu rrlh
tg`i ³. H‗lst ui Ofkgt futolitgqul qug f rlu pfr bf sugtl uil vlrsg`i
qug li efrkl b‗lsprgt slubldlit pfrtglbbldlit, hfr lbbl suastgtul í
b‗lxprlssg`i > « elis kl bf Dfgs`i ³ bl d`t « suiiftà ³. Hlrtfgis, fr
eulit qul bl Bglutlifit lst kl t`utl jfå`i çtfabg kfis sf j`ihtg`i pfr
Fbbáo, qu‗gb y fgt lu `u i`i kçsgeiftg`i pfr bl ]r`poïtl. Hlttl p`sgtg`i
qug sldabl gifttfqufabl çbukl li rçfbgtç bf kgstgihtg`i hfpgtfbl litrl bls
klux Z`b`itçs `u @rkrls kgvgis (Fdr tf sr jà lt Fdr tfcwàià). Xur bf
kgstgihtg`i litrl hls klux Z`b`itçs hj. Gai 'Frfaà, Jusòs fb-ogcfd,
t`dl 1 kl bf trfkuhtg`i kl Hofrbls-Fikrç Egbgs, hofpgtrl 65, pfel ;?8,
Lk. Fba`urfq.
Gb lst çvgklit, jfut-gb bl rfpplblr qul bf rçvçbftg`i gsbfdgqul rlp`sl
sur b‗`açgssfihl í b‗@rkrl tf sr jà k‗Fbbáo.
Gb jfut dlitg`iilr argïvldlit bf kgst`rsg`i rlbfyçl pfr
b‗`rglitfbgsdl qug f b`ietldps fttrgauç b‗fdagtg`i ku p`uv`gr tldp`rlb
fux slubs pfrtgsfis kl 'Fbà, h`ij`rtfit fgisg bf pr`pfefikl udfyyákl.
Hlttl i`tl il holrhol í h`ivfgihrl plrs`iil í ui rfbbgldlit pfrtg
sfi, blqulb k‗fgbblurs il hofielrfgt, rgli í bf sgtuftg`i rçlbbl kl hlbug
qug b‗ljjlhtulrfgt. X`i slub aut h`isgstl í rfpplblr qul bls h`isgkçrf-

1 7: B‗FHHÏX F\ DWX[ÏQL 'f a k f b -q á k gr f b - n Gb á i à 175

K`iil í hl klriglr s`i kó, lt il bug rçhbfdl pfs hl qug pfeigl

pfe igl s`gt fvlh hlbug qug lst fvlh Fbbfo.
Fbbfo . Lt jrçquli
jrçq ulitl
tl hl
bug gih`dalrfgt
gih`d alrfgt Lt prgl (p`ur bug)8<
bug)8<7 kfis t`ut çtft. Fgl qug lst « futrl qu Fbbfo ³ kfis bl rlsplht kl Xf h`dpf
a`i il `pgig`i
a`iil `pgi g`i kls dus ubdfis
ubd fis lt kl a`iils
a`iil s gitlitg`i
gitl itg`iss í eigl.
blur çefrk. Lvlrtul-t`g í blur pr`hurlr t`ut agli. Il bfgssl Jfgs hofqul dftgi b‗fudûil k‗ui pltgt pfgi lt, bl s`gr,
pfs pfsslr
pfs slr bf iugt
iug t li efrk
efrkfit
fit kfis t`i hŘhŘur
ur ui kçsgr
kçsg r kl bf prgïrl kls d`rts p`ur t`us bls dusubdfis kçhçkçs fu
iugrl, uil rfihuil `u uil h`bïrl p`ur qugh`iqul. Gb jfut h`urs kl bf n`uriçl. Fprïs bf prgïrl ku h`uholr ku s`blgb
qul tu prgls p`ur hlbug qug t‗f hfusç ku t`rt, vlgbbl í îtrl (dferga), prgl p`ur bf kldfikl kl h`isubtftg`i (gs-
h`ishglit ku rlefrk k ‗Fbbfo sur t`g (rfqga Fbbfo). tgofrf)8:6.
Fstrlgis-t`g í bf i`urrgturl bghgtl (ofbáb) lt gitlrr`el bls
]ugs rçpïtl slpt j`gs, dftgi lt s`gr > « Û Fbbfo sfuvl-
elis kl bf Xhglihl pfr Fbbfo fu sunlt kl hl qul tu gei` i`us ku jlu ³ 3 rçhgtl rçeubgïrldlit (bls vlrslts sugvfits) >
rls 8:=. Lpr`uvl
Lpr` uvl bf puklur
puk lur livlrs Fbb
Fbbfo
fo 3 qul tf h`d- « Nl ho lrho l rl
rljue
jue l li Fb
Fbbfo
bfo , qu g li tli k t` ut (fs -sf dà r)
lt k`it bf shglihl lieb`al t`utl ho`sls (fb-'fbàd), kl Xf
tfi bl bfpgkç.
bfpgkç. Bug, (lst)
(lst) Fbbfo, iu b Kglu qul Bug, bl Q`g, bl
Xfgit,
Xfg it, bf ]f gx, bl Ef rfi t8:1, bl Efrkg li, bl
b l J`rt, bl ]ugs-
tg`is
gl kr`k‗`pp`rtuigtç
gt kl bf vçrg tçilb ‗ldp`rtl
k`gvlit pfs
sur sl dulr
t`ut li k`edls
bl rlstl, gitfiegabls,
lt í pr`p`slr uilhfr
rç
jblxg`i (sur ui sunlt fux h`isçqulihls pbus gdp`rtfitls qu‗gb i‗y t`us b`rsqul b ‗`i holrhol í sfv`gr) kl rlh`iifétrl « bls eli s kl bf
pfrfét f pr g`r g sur b‗gitçergtç lt bf sgihçrgtç ku holrholur) fux plrs`i shglihl pfr Fbbfo ³ 0
ils bgarls, h‗lst-í-kgrl pfs tr`p prç`hhupçls pfr blurs « hfrrgïrl spgrg
tulbbl `u rlbgeglusl ³, `u il sl hr`yfit pfs `abgeçls kl dfgitligr uil H`ddlit ui h`islisus k‗gei`rfits plut-gb kçsgeilr bl vçrgtfabl
p`sgtg`i prgsl fitçrglurldlit, li `uabgfit « qu‗fu klssus kl hofqul sfvfit 0 Gb jfut agli efrklr í b‗lsprgt qul bf Xhglihl li qulstg`i ghg
sfv fi t lst ui @di gshg lit ³ (Vur‗ái, s`urftl i½61, vlrslt 5:). i‗lst pfs kl hlbbls qug s‗fhqugïrlit pfr b‗gdgtftg`i lt bf rçpçtgtg`i
K‗fgbblurs bls qulrlbbls « lxtçrglurls ³ i‗`it nfdfgs fjjlhtç fvluebls.
J çs`tçrgsdl vrfg. Bl ]r`poïtl f lu lt « furf t`un`urs kls suhhlsslurs, B ‗gdád 'F\ f kgt > « Il h`iifgs pfs bf Zçrgtç pfr bls elis (h ‗lst f
qul bl d`ikl bls h`iifgssl `u bls gei`rl ³ (pfr`bl kl Wgdád 'Fbg). kgrl pfr hl qul kgsslit bls fut`rgtçs fkdgsls li bf dftgïrl) dfgs
Li ljjlt, gb gdp`rtl kl s`rtgr kls h`ijusg`is lt gdpfssls hrççls pfr h`iifét (k‗fa`rk) bf Zçrgtç, tu rlh`iifétrfs qulbs s`it bls sglis ³.
bls fhr`aftgls dlitfbls lt bls nustgjghftg`is kl j`ihtg`is gdfegifgrls - H`ddlit il pfs hgtlr ghg sfy ygké Fodfk ft-[énái
ft-[énáiéé > « Bls elis, fu
pr`abïdl qug sl rçplrhutl í agli kls igvlfux - lt k`it bbff slubl rfgs`i n`ur k‗oug, s`it h`d dl kls p`u bls > hl qug blur gdp`rtl, h ‟lst k l pgh `
k‗îtrl lst kl kçt`urilr
kçt`urilr - h`ishgl
h`ishglddlit
ddlit `u gih`i
gih`ishglddl
shglddlitit - kl bf rlr lt e`alr qulbqul ho`sl sfis sl prç`hhuplr k‗`÷ hlbf pr`vglit, ig
Z`gl Kr`gtl (k`it bf içhlssgtç kl bf quîtl lst qu`tgkgliildlit rfppl `÷ hlbf bls dïilrf ³ (hgtç kfis fb-Gjákf fb-fod fkgyyf ).
bçl kfis bf prgïrl rgtulbbl). I`us il prçtlik`is pfs í i`trl t`ur, sfv`gr
8:6 GG s‗f egt k‗ui l gstgoárf eçiçrfbl > kldfikl p`ur
p`ur qu‗Fbbfo ho`g
gikgqulr í futrug bf Z`gl Kr`gtl - qul hlbf s`gt hbfgr -, hl qul i`us sf
sgssl t`un`urs p`ur bl hr`yfit h`ijgfit bl dlgbblur ( gk lst bl pbu pr`jg
v`is h‗lst qu‗lbbl il h`isgstl pfs í fk`rlr bls gk`bls, qulbbls qu‗lbbls
s`glit. tfabl). Gb lst í rldfrqulr qul hls klriglrs h`islgbs sl rltr`uvlit kfis
'Frfaà í ui fdg > « H`islgb í ui fdg ³ trfk.
uil blttrl fkrlssçl pfr Gai 'Frfaà
8<7 ]rgl p` ur bug > hfr sf táhol lst b`urkl, kgjjghgbl... surt`ut s‗gb
8< D. Zfbsái gi Ltukls trfkgtg`iilbbls, i½;=7/;6= , fiiçl 67:?.
i‗lst pfs h`ij`rtç pfr bl tf ‗ygk
ygk.. (b‗fgkl) spçhgfb k ‗Fbb
‗Fbbfo.
fo.
8:1 « Bl efrfit ³ > trfkugt ghg fb-d u‗dgi
u‗dgi 4 bgttçrfbldlit bl Hr`yfit,

8:= Ghg sl pp`sl

`sl uil qulstg`i qug s`uvlit sldabl içebgeçl > qulbs hlbug fvlh blqulb `i lst li sçhurgtç. Fgisg bf J`g ( gdái) lst uil qufbgtç
s`it bls hrgtïrls rçlbs qug plrdlttlit fux gei`rfits (qul i`us s`ddls kgvgil (gl vrfg Hr`yfit lst Fbbfo Bug-Dîdl).

17 ? b ‗f h h ï s f u d y s t ï r l

sfit, bl Dfeigjgqul
Dfeig jgqul.. Eb`grl í Fbbfo Fbb fo ! B`gi kl Bug hl
qu‗`i bug fss`hgl. Bug Fbbfo, bl Hrçftlur, bl I`vftlur, bl X`gxfitl-kgx-slptgïdl kgsh`urs >
J`rd ftlur , í B ug s `it bls pbu s a lfu x I`ds, bls îtrls kls
kl ux lt kl bf tlrrl Bl eb`rg
eb`rgjglit
jglit.. Gb lst bl ]ugssfi t, bl
Xfel ³ 8:
8.

Kl b‗frrît ( wuqòj) fuprïs k‗Fbbfo gdp

lt kl b‗lxtgihtg`i (jfif )
livlrs bls hrçfturls

X`gs fvlh Fbbfo h`ddl kçiuç kl t`ut bl hrçç lt,

fvlh bls hrçfturls, h`ddl kçp`urvu kl ifjs (d`g gikgvg
kulb). Xg tu tl tglis fvlh Fbbfo, sfis bf hrçftg`i, tu fs
« tr`uvç ³8:;8<>
:
<> tu t‗ls çtlgit pfr rfpp`rt í t`ut (bl rlstl). Xg
tu ls sfis ifjs fuprïs kls hrçfturls, tu pfrvglis í îtrl
nustl,
nust l, í survgvrl (afqàtf ) lt í çhofpplr fux h`isçqulihls
(qug rçsubtlit kls fhtg`is lt rçfhtg`is).

Kçblstl-t`g kl t`ut sur bl slugb kl tf rltrfgtl (of bw fj :<.

Litrl slub. [u y vlrrfs, fvlh b‗Řgb kl t`i « slhrlt ³ t`i
(fdg) gitgdl (fiàs). [u h`itldpblrfs hl qug sl tglit fu-
klbí kl bf vgsg`i `rkgifgrl. Bf ifjs kgspfrfétrfs, lt b‗@rkrl
k‗Fbbfo lt Xf ]r`xgdgtç prlikr`it pbfhl. H‗lst fb`rs qul
t`i gei`rfihl slrf h`iifgssfihl, t`i çb`geildlit pr`xgdg
tç, t`i sgblihl giv`hftg`i ( kgcr) lt tf trgstlssl kl s`bgtukl
slrf h`i s`bftg`i kl h`dpfeigl gitg
gitgdl
dl..

8:8
Vur‗ái,, s`urftl i½<7, vlrs lt 18-1;.
Vur‗ái 8:; Gk ls t b‗`anlt kl tf rlholrhol. F pr`p`s
pr`p`s kl Ufnfkf (tr`uvlr), hj.
bf i`tl i½1?5.
8:< O fb w f 4 bl bglu `÷ b‗`i s‗gs`bl, sl rltgrl. Gb plut fussg agli sl
tr`uvlr li s`g-dîdl.