Vision Abhyaas CSAT Test-1 Prelims 2023@pdfnotes - Co

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Test Booklet Series
TEST BOOKLET
CSAT ABHYAAS TEST – 1 (4254) – 2023

C
Time Allowed: Two Hours Maximum Marks: 200
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the Box provided alongside. DO NOT write anything else on
the Test Booklet.
4. This Test Booklet contains 80 items (Questions). Each item is printed in English. Each item comprises four
responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you
feel that there is more than one correct response, mark the response which you consider most appropriate.
In any case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item.
5. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet provided. See direction in the
answers sheet.
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responses marked by you in the answer sheet. For every incorrect response one-third of the allotted Marks
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Directions for the following 3 (three) items: making the shift. Such an event could cause the cash
Read the following two passages and answer the items holdings of banks to drop and hinder banks’ capacity
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items to create loans. It should be noted that the ability of
should be based on the passages only. banks to create loans is influenced by the amount of
Passage – 1 cash they hold in their vaults. This is because the cash
The Reserve Bank of India launched the digital rupee position of a bank determines its ability to expand its
on a pilot basis. The digital currency will be offered by loan book while keeping the risk of a bank running
a select group of public and private banks in a few under control. The digital rupee could also play a
major cities initially, which can be used for both crucial role in India’s transition towards a cashless
person-to-person and person-to-merchant transactions. society. A rise in the use of the digital rupee could
The digital rupee, or the e-rupee, is a central bank eventually free banks from having to maintain
digital currency issued by the RBI. It is similar to the sufficient cash deposits before they expand their loan
physical cash that you hold in your wallet except that books. This could happen if digital rupee deposits turn
the e-rupee is held electronically in a digital wallet out to be considered equivalent to other forms of
overseen by the RBI. The digital rupee is recognized virtual money such as deposits created initially as
as a legal tender by the RBI and thus has to be loans by banks. In such cases, banks will be freed from
accepted by everyone in the country as a medium of the risk of bank runs which have traditionally served as
exchange. It is, however, different from deposits that a check on the unrestrained expansion of loan books.
you hold in a bank. Unlike deposits which are paid
interest, the digital rupees in your wallet are not paid 1. "The introduction of central bank digital
any interest by the central bank. Deposits held in banks currencies internationally has worried many".
can be converted into digital rupees and vice-versa. Which of the following are the concerns the
The RBI believes that the digital rupee will make the author discusses?
rupee more attractive as a currency to users when 1. It could disrupt the entire banking system.
compared to cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrencies have
2. It could cause the cash holdings of banks
been viewed by many investors as alternatives to fiat
to drop and hinder banks’ capacity to
currencies which progressively lose value over time
create loans.
due to debasement by central banks. The introduction
Select the correct answer using the codes
of central bank digital currencies internationally has
given below:
worried many who believe that it could disrupt the
(a) 1 only
banking system. When interest rates offered by banks
(b) 2 only
are low, people may be more prone to converting their
bank deposits into digital currencies since they would (c) Both 1 and 2
not lose out much in the way of interest income by (d) Neither 1 nor 2
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2. Read the following factual statements based 4. n is the average of 5 consecutive integers,
on the above passage. wherein m is the first integer. What will be the
1. It is a legal tender issued by the RBI in average of 9 consecutive integers, wherein the
digital form.
first integer is (m + 2)?
2. It can be used for person-to-person
(a) m + 4
transactions only.
3. The digital rupee in your wallet receives (b) n + 4
interest paid by the central bank. (c) n + 3
Which of the above statements is/are valid? (d) m + 5
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only 5. Anjali is as much younger than Vijaya as
(c) 1 and 2 only
Tanya is younger than Anjali. If the sum of the
(d) 1, 2, and 3
ages of Vijaya and Tanya is 48, how old is
Passage – 2 Anjali?
The public is sometimes derisive of social (a) 26 years
psychologists' study of love and research questions like (b) 33 years
“Does good communication make for successful (c) 24 years
relationships?" They may believe that common sense (d) 18 years
already provides what people need to know about love.
Either that or they claim that romantic love is a
6. Equation x4 – ax3 + bx2 – cx + 8 = 0, when
mystery nobody can explain. These common beliefs
are false. It does not pay to be overly confident about divided by x – 1, leaves a remainder of 4,
maxims learned at one's caregiver's knee or garnered while, when divided by x + 1, it leaves a
from the latest column one has read about relationships remainder of 3. What is the value of b?
in a magazine. Some popular stereotypes about (a) 2.5
relationships are true, others are false, and many are (b) -5.5
half-truths.
(c) -3.5
(d) 6.5
3. Which one of the following statements best
reflects the crux of the passage?
(a) One must be concerned about the feeling 7. In a class of 5 students, the average weight of
of love and not the source of knowledge the 4 lightest students is 40 kg, while the
for love. average weight of the 4 heaviest students is 45
(b) Public opinion on love makes the study of kg. What is the difference between the
love by social psychologists a waste of
maximum possible and minimum possible
time.
average weight of the whole class, if no
(c) Knowledge about love through one’s
student can be less than 10 kg in weight?
caregivers or from some literature cannot
be relied upon. (a) 5 kg
(d) Social psychologists should work towards (b) 6 kg
convincing the public about love through (c) 3 kg
an objective approach. (d) 4 kg
8. A tank has two pipes – A and B, attached to it. 10. Consider the following series:
A can fill the tank in 20 minutes, whereas pipe ABD, DGK, HMS, MTB, SBL, ?
B can empty the tank in 30 minutes. If both A
and B are opened alternately for one minute Which term should come in place of the
question mark in the series?
each, how long will it take to fill the tank?
(a) 121 minutes
Select the correct answer using the code given
(b) 110 minutes
below.
(c) 115 minutes
(a) ZKW
(d) 119 minutes
(b) ZKU
(c) ZAB
9. Three statements followed by two conclusions (d) XKW
numbered I and II are given below. You have
to take the given statements to be true even if 11. If in a certain language, GAMBLE is coded as
they seem to be at variance from commonly FBLCKF, then how will FLOWER be coded
known facts. Read all the conclusions and then in that language?
decide which of the given conclusions (a) GKPVFQ

(b) EMNXDS
logically follow(s) from the given statements,
(c) GMPVDS
disregarding commonly known facts.
(d) HNQYGT
Statements:
Directions for the following 3 (three) items:
I. Only a few rides are trips.
Read the following two passages and answer the items
II. No trip is a mountain. that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
III. All mountains are trees. should be based on the passages only.
Passage – 1
Conclusions: Quite often, our kids are only exposed to the end-user
I: Some trees are not trips. part of technology. Most watch YouTube, play video
II: All rides being trips is not a possibility. games, play on their smartphones, and download
music from Alexa, but what if we could teach our
Select the correct answer using the code given children to create new technology that will catapult
them into digital old age with ease? Learning to code
below.
is just like teaching a child a new language. If you start
(a) Only conclusion I follows
introducing complex skills, such as computer coding,
(b) Only conclusion II follows
to kids whilst they are young, they’ll consume it
(c) Either conclusion I or II follows
quickly, utilise it flexibly and continue to foster it for
(d) Both conclusions I and II follow
decades to come.
12. Which one of the following statements best 13. Based on the above passage, the following
reflects the message of the author of the assumptions have been made:
passage? 1. Exploitation of coral reefs is a causal
(a) Computer coding is the best way to teach effect of poverty in developing countries.
2. With low levels of poverty in developed
children complex life skills.
countries, they do not exploit coral reefs
(b) Given the ill consequences of the end-user
for livelihood.
part of technology, children should avoid
Select the correct answer from the code given
it.
below:
(c) Learning coding at a younger age can
(a) 1 only
make old age easy and prosperous. (b) 2 only
(d) Children should not only become the (c) Both 1 and 2
consumers of coding products, but also (d) Neither 1 nor 2
their creators.
Passage – 2 reflects the crux of the passage?
The connection between poverty and coral (a) Artificial coral reefs can act as an
reef ecosystems is significant: two-thirds of all alternative livelihood for the protection of
natural coral reefs.
countries with reef areas are developing countries, and
(b) Destruction of coral reefs by over-
a quarter of these are least-developed countries. It is
dependence is likely to endanger marine
now well recognized that such communities need to be
biodiversity, but not in developed
offered alternatives for their livelihoods to ensure that
countries.
coral reefs are not further damaged, as well as to
(c) Coral reef protection in developing and
alleviate poverty in coastal areas. Therefore, coastal least-developed countries is possible
managers are shifting towards more integrated and through selective tourism.
participatory approaches to reef management and (d) Practicing selective tourism by coastal
conservation. Such approaches include identifying and communities for coral reef conservation
supporting alternative livelihoods to reduce must be supported by a uniform regulation
dependence on coral reefs, as well as enhancing policy, globally.
current livelihood activities to make them more cost
and resource-efficient. Limited and controlled local 15. There are six children playing football, namely
A, B, C, D, E and F. A and E are brothers. F is
use of coral reefs is now advocated in certain
the sister of E. C is the only son of A's uncle.
circumstances, instead of blanket restrictions on use.
B and D are the daughters of the brother of C's
Selective tourism can regulate the level of carrying
father. How many male players are there?
capacity of the coral reef environment. In the case of
(a) One
selective tourism, the protection of flora and fauna can (b) Three
be done through notification and monitoring of the (c) Five
environment. (d) Two
16. Gopal started from his house towards the west. 19. Consider the following series.
After walking a distance of 30 metres, he
10, 5, 5, 7.5, 15, P
turned right and walked 20 metres. He then
What must be the value of P in the above
turned left and after moving a distance of 10
metres, he turned to his left again and walked sequence?
40 metres. He then turned left and walked 5 (a) 60
metres. Finally, he turned to his left again. In
(b) 37.5
which direction he must be walking now?
(a) North (c) 90
(b) South (d) 46.5

(c) East
(d) South-west
20. The number of sides in a regular polygon is
17. In a row of 21 girls, when Monika was shifted ‘T’ times the number of diagonals in it. What
four places towards the right, she became 12th
is the interior angle of this polygon in terms of
from the left end. What was her initial position
T?
from the right end of the row?
(a) 9th (a) 180 × (T + 2)/(3T + 2)
(b) 10th (b) 540 × (T + 2)/(3T + 2)
(c) 11th
(c) 360 × (T + 2)/(3T + 2)
(d) 14th
(d) 90 × (T + 2)/(3T + 2)
18. Study the diagram given below.
21. A earns 25% more than B. C earns 25% more
than A. A earns 20% more than D. E earns
20% more than A. Each of A, B, C, D, and E
earns an integral amount less than Rs. 100.
What is the total amount earned by all five of
them put together?

Identify the region(s) representing ‘Youth’,
(a) Rs. 300
who are employed, but not educated.
(a) 4 only (b) Rs. 245
(b) 1, 4, 7 (c) Rs. 305
(c) 4, 7
(d) Rs. 480
(d) 4, 5, 6
Directions for the following 4 (four) items: of the GIBs and to release the chicks in the wild. The
Read the following two passages and answer the items initiative is likely to take 20 to 25 years. Experts,
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items including scientists from the WII, have called for
should be based on the passages only. removing all overhead powerlines passing through the
Passage – 1 GIB priority/critical areas in Rajasthan; the Ministry of
Several threats have led to the decline of the GIB Environment, Forest and Climate Change has
populations; however, power lines seem to be the most constituted a task force. Questions, however, are being
significant. Like other species of bustards, the GIBs raised about the slow pace of implementation.
are large birds standing about one-meter-tall and
weighing about 15 to 18 kg. In most cases, death is due 22. What is/are the most logical conclusion(s) that
to collision rather than electrocution. A study by the can be drawn from the passage given above?
Wildlife Institute of India (WII) in 2020 recorded six 1. Breeding of Great Indian Bustards, to
cases of GIB mortality due to power-line collisions in increase their population, can only be done
Thar from 2017-20. Listed in Schedule I of the Indian in the wild.
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, in Appendix I of 2. The steps being taken to conserve the GIB
CITES, as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red have earned wide acclamation.
List, the Great Indian Bustard (GIBs) enjoy the highest Select the correct answer using the codes
protection both in India and globally. The earliest given below:
estimates show the population was about 1,260 in 1969
(a) 1 only
but has declined by 75% in the last 30 years.
(b) 2 only
Historically, the GIB population was distributed
(c) Both 1 and 2
among 11 States in western India but today the
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
population is confined mostly to Rajasthan and
Gujarat. Small populations are found in Maharashtra,
23. With reference to the above passage, the
Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. The overall
following assumptions have been made:
population of the GIB totals 150 across the country,
1. The Great Indian Bustard (GIB) is
which includes about 128 birds in Rajasthan. Along
considered to be India’s most critically
with the attempts to mitigate the impacts of power
endangered bird.
transmission lines on the GIB, steps have been taken
2. The GIB population is confined to
for the conservation breeding of the species. A total of
northern Indian states.
16 GIB chicks, artificially hatched from eggs collected
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
from the wild, are being reared in the satellite
conservation breeding facility at Sam in Jaisalmer, (a) 1 only
Rajasthan. The objective of ‘Habitat Improvement and (b) 2 only
Conservation Breeding of Great Indian Bustard-an (c) Both 1 and 2
integrated approach is to build the captive population (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Passage – 2 24. Which of the following statements best
The unveiling of MBBS Hindi textbooks is a positive reflects the underlying message of the
development for students for whom this language was passage?
the medium of instruction in school. Students schooled (a) Only an educated population can best
in their mother tongue have a disadvantage in higher make use of the benefits of digital
education where English is usually the medium of progress.
instruction and examination. Flexible language
(b) The use of English should be minimized.
policies can greatly benefit such students, which is
(c) Educationally rich people are found to be
why this reform should be extended to other languages
more morally upright as compared to the
and disciplines too. But it’s important to ensure that
uneducated.
local language books maintain the quality standards of
(d) None of the above
the sourcebooks. The corpus of local language texts
must also expand so that a student who opts to study in
25. With reference to the above passage, the
the local language isn’t left behind the rest. Much is
following assumptions have been made:
being made on social media of the new Hindi
textbooks having transliterations of terms like 1. Language is never a barrier in learning,
anatomy, physiology, etc. rather than pure Hindi especially in higher education.
translations. That is misguided criticism. 2. India is witnessing a great internal

Transliteration can be helpful in disciplines like migration, and a rigid approach to
medicine, where the larger body of knowledge is in the language can affect migrants’ children
English language. Of course, language flexibility in negatively
higher education should include students having room Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
to improve their English skills too. This will open up (a) 1 only
more opportunities for them in the global knowledge (b) 2 only
economy. Remember how, under the Left government, (c) Both 1 and 2
Bengal paid a heavy price for curbing English to (d) Neither 1 nor 2
promote the local language? India’s workforce, from
IT to nursing, is prized everywhere because of
26. A can complete a task in 12 days. B can
familiarity with English. Parents, across classes, angle
complete the same task in 18 days. If A and B
for English education for their wards for this reason.
work on this same task on alternate days
India is also witnessing great internal migration, and
starting with A, then in how many days can
migrant children should not be put at risk by rigid
they finish the entire task?
approaches to language. GoI’s recent foundational
(a) 10.83 days
learning survey found children displaying more
proficiency in English than in their mother tongues. (b) 14.33 days
Let all languages flourish. Let parents and students be (c) 11.50 days
able to choose what’s best for them. (d) 84 days

27. Two statements followed by a question are given 30. Performances of four dancers - P, Q, R and S
below. are scheduled on four consecutive days, one
on each day, but not necessarily in that order.
Statement 1 : Anil and Pawan are of the same The first performance is scheduled on 13th
weight. February on Thursday, just followed by
Statement 2 : Pawan weighs more than Neeraj, performance of S. Dancer P will not perform
on 15th February, and one dance is scheduled
but less than Sahil. between the performance of P and Q.
On which day is the performance of dancer R
Question: Who is the heaviest? scheduled for?
(a) 15th February, Saturday
(b) 15th February, Friday
Select the correct answer from the code given (c) 16th February, Saturday
below: (d) 16th February, Sunday
(a) Statement I alone is sufficient to answer the 31. The sum of the fourth and twelfth terms of an
question. arithmetic progression is 20. What must be the
(b) Statement II alone is sufficient to answer the sum of the first 15 terms of that arithmetic
progression?
question. (a) 300
(c) Either Statement I alone or Statement II (b) 120
alone is sufficient to answer the question. (c) 150
(d) 270
(d) Both the statements are needed together to
answer the question. 32. Three statements followed by three
conclusions are given below. You have to take
the statements to be true even if they seem to
28. 1 unit of x% alcohol is mixed with 3 units of be at variance from the commonly known
y% alcohol to make a 60% alcohol solution. x facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide
and y are integers. If x > y, what is the number which of the given conclusions logically
follows/follow from the statements,
of possible integral values that x can acquire? disregarding the commonly known facts:
(a) 34
(b) 30 Statement-1: Some Cities are Villages.
Statement-2: All Villages are Shops.
(c) 41 Statement-3: All Shops are Malls.
(d) 13
Conclusion I: Some Malls are Cities.
Conclusion II: All Shops are Cities
29. What is the remainder when Conclusion III: Some Shops are Cities.
76×77×78×79×80×81×82 is divided by 1539?
(a) 3 Which of the above conclusions is/are correct?
(a) Only Conclusion-I
(b) 2 (b) Only Conclusion-II
(c) 1 (c) Conclusion-I and Conclusion-III
(d) 0 (d) Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II

33. A cube, whose two adjacent faces are 34. Which of the following measures guarantees
coloured, is cut into 125 identical small cubes. lower gender gaps in wealth accumulation?
What is the ratio of the number of cubes that
1. High proportion of women in leadership
are coloured on at least one face and cubes that
are not coloured at all? roles.
(a) 16 : 9 2. High rate of GDP growth of a country.
(b) 9 : 16 Select the correct answer using the codes
(c) 5 : 8
given below:
(d) 8 : 5
(a) 1 only
Directions for the following 2 (two) items: (b) 2 only
Read the following passage and answer the items that (c) Both 1 and 2
follow. Your answers to these items should be based on
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
the passage only.
Passage
There’s a big gender disparity in wealth creation – this 35. According to this passage, which of the
is not a novel finding but what makes WTW’s 2022 following are the reasons affecting women's
global gender wealth equity report interesting is that it
accumulation of wealth?
tries to isolate the causes using a sample of 39
1. Women’s choice of career trajectories
countries. On average, women are expected to
accumulate 74% of wealth as compared to men at the 2. Access to relevant information
time of retirement. The main causes for the difference 3. Gender pay gap
are a gender pay gap and women’s delayed career
trajectories on account of care giving. A stop-start
given below:
career for women because of social attitudes means
that it’s in senior positions, where the pyramid narrows (a) 3 only
and most wealth is created, that there are the largest (b) 2 and 3 only
gender gaps. There’s no silver bullet to change things. (c) 1 only
Consider two examples. With women here expected to
(d) 1 and 2 only
accumulate only 64% of wealth as compared to men,
India is the worst performer among the 12 Asia-Pacific
countries studied. The trade-off between a smooth 36. If the ratio of the lengths of two trains is 5 : 4
career trajectory and an outsized influence in India, and the ratio of their speeds is 4 : 3, what must
where only 3% of women in the workforce occupy
be the ratio of the time taken by them to cross
senior positions. But even though Argentina has highly
qualified women, with a relatively high proportion in an electric pole?
leadership roles, it fares a shade worse than India. The (a) 5 : 3
Argentinian economy is prone to bouts of (b) 13 : 15
hyperinflation. Gender-wise wealth disparity is a
(c) 15 : 16
product of deeper inequalities that are not easily
remedied. (d) 5 : 16

37. Ramkumar, a fruit seller, purchased some 41. Six persons P, Q, R, S, T and U are sitting
bananas at the rate of 25 for Re. 1. If after
equidistant from each other around a circular
selling all bananas, he earned a profit of 25%,
table. Three of them face inwards, while the
what is the number of bananas he must have
sold to get back his investment of Re. 1? other three face outwards. Any two neighbours
(a) 20 (i.e. persons sitting adjacent to each other) face
(b) 16
opposite directions (i.e. one inwards and the
(c) 12
(d) 24 other outwards).
38. A watch reads 4:30. If the minute hand points

Consider the Question and two Statements
east, in which direction will the hour hand
point? given below:
(a) North
(b) North-west
Question: Who is sitting to the immediate right
(c) South-east
(d) North-east of T?
39. Consider the following series:

Statement-1: S and R are sitting opposite each
4212142112444122121442142121241421241
other. Q and U are sitting opposite each other.
46
How many 2's are followed by 1's, but not Statement-2: P, Q and R are facing the centre,
preceded by 4? while S, T and U are facing outwards.
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four Which one of the following is correct with
(d) Five respect to the question and the statements?
(a) Statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer

40. Nitin started counting down from 32, while at
the same time Sumit started counting upwards, the question.
starting from 1. Sumit was only calling out the (b) Statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer
odd numbers. What common number will they
the question.
call out at the same time if they were calling
out at the same speed? (c) Both Statements 1 and 2 together are
(a) 19 sufficient to answer the question.

(b) 21
(d) Both Statements 1 and 2 together are not
(c) 22
sufficient to answer the question.
(d) They will never call out the same number
42. Two statements followed by two conclusions 44. A German text has to be translated to French.
numbered I and II are given below. You have What are the options available to accomplish
to take the given statements to be true even if the job?
they seem to be at variance from commonly (a) C can translate from German to English
known facts. Read all the conclusions and then and then E can translate from German to
decide which of the given conclusions French.
logically follow(s) from the given statements, (b) B can translate from German to English
disregarding commonly known facts. and then E can translate from German to
French.
S1: All pictures are Bright.
(c) A can translate from German to Marathi
S2: No Picture is Dark.
and then D can translate from Marathi to
French.
Conclusion:
(d) B can do the translation on his own.
I. Some Bright are Dark.
II. Some Pictures are not Dark.
Directions for the following 5 (five) items:
Read the following three passages and answer the
Which of the above conclusions is/are correct?
items that follow each passage. Your answers to these
(a) Only I follows
items should be based on the passages only.
(b) Only II follows
(c) Either I or II follows Passage – 1
(d) Both I and II follow The challenge in the Madras high court to the
Emergency-era shifting of education from the state list
Directions for the following 2 (two) items: to the concurrent list is a futile exercise in turning back
Read the passage below and answer the 2 (two) items the clock. Forty-six years have passed since the 42nd
that follow. Constitution Amendment Act. In this period, the
education sector has seen far too many changes, and
There are five translators – A, B, C, D and E in a most can’t be reversed. For instance, a common
multi-language translation lab. A and B know English national medical test now allows students the ease of
and Hindi. C and B know English and German. D and appearing for just one examination instead of multiple
A know Marathi and Hindi. E and B know Hebrew and ones conducted by each state. States still enjoy the
French. A person can translate between any two flexibility to operate their universities, schools, and
languages that he or she knows. education syllabus. The private sector is also
flourishing in education. And the policy tinkering at all
43. Who can translate from English to Marathi? levels goes on. UGC is restructuring undergraduate,
(a) B
PG, and doctoral programs. States are trying out
(b) D
clustering of schools, closing down smaller
(c) A
schools. Instruction in English seems to have lost
(d) C
favour at the Centre, even though society is Passage – 2
irrevocably headed in the opposite direction. But the Knowing what’s needed to solve a problem is one
moot point is no one entity can claim complete control. thing, but doing it is quite another. By now every
It is a diverse ecosystem. Far more important issues doctor in the country should be familiar with growing
than locating education in the Constitution are at stake. antimicrobial resistance and what their role in curbing
its spread needs to be, but their prescription behaviour
The Constitution’s bouquet of rights, directive
remains largely unreformed. The latest ICMR attempt
principles, and duties cannot be meaningfully enjoyed
to reform this behaviour involves advising doctors to
by citizens without quality education, and access to
avoid using antibiotics in conditions such as low-grade
quality remains a big failure. Against the National
fever and viral bronchitis, plus planning a stop date to
Education Policy’s goal of combined government
ensure that antibiotics are not given beyond the
expenditure on education at 6% of GDP, 3% of GDP recommended duration.
was budgeted in 2021-22. States should be goading
GoI to spend more; moving education to the state list 46. In the context of the passage, what is the core
could reduce the Centre’s urgency to boost education concern of the author?
spending. State governments must also ask themselves 1. Non-recognition of a problem.
why state universities and many state government 2. Inaction over even exploring a solution to
schools find few takers while there’s a rush to secure the problem.
admissions to central universities and Kendriya 3. The lag in attitudinal and behavioral
Vidyalaya. The obsession with controlling education change required to address the problem.
isn’t helping. Politics can wait.
given below:
(a) 1 only
45. With respect to the above passage, which of
(b) 2 only
the following statements is/are correct? (c) 3 only
1. Quality education is very important for (d) None of the above
enjoying one’s rights.
47. Based on the above passage, the following
2. Budgetary provisions are higher than the
assumptions have been made:
national education policy goals.
1. The ICMR advises doctors to avoid using
3. States are trying out clustering of schools
antibiotics in most cases.
and closing down smaller schools. 2. Doctors should ensure that antibiotics are
Select the correct answer using the codes not given beyond the recommended
given below: duration.
(a) 1 and 3 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Passage – 3 49. Based on the above passage, the following
The society that we live in is in a continuous state of assumptions have been made:
change. The changed lifestyle of individual consumers, 1. Consumption patterns of society change
for instance, has changed their way of doing things every 100 years.
such as consumption patterns. For example, 2. Today, consumption of services through
approximately 100 years ago, consumption occurred in the internet is safer than a barter system.
the form of bartering or purchases made by travelling 3. It is not possible to understand consumer
merchants. These days, the developments in the field behaviour without the integration of new
of communication, technology, information, and technologies.
marketing have created new shifts in the way Which of the above assumptions is/are
consumers inform and learn about certain products and invalid?
services. In particular, in the last two decades, (a) 1, 2 and 3
consumers have become accustomed to using the (b) 2 and 3 only
internet as means to inform themselves about products (c) 1 and 2 only
or services and other information in general. It has (d) 3 only
become ever so important for the companies of the 21st

century to work on the integration of new technologies 50. [x] is the greatest integer lesser than or equal
and to understand how consumers use the internet; this to x. Find the number of positive integers n,
day, everything is linked with the World Wide Web, such that [n/11] = [n/13].
whether it is social interaction or shopping. (a) 31

(b) 25
(c) 35
48. How has the internet changed the pattern of
(d) 40
consumption?
1. It has made possible the delivery of
51. Consider the following graph in which daily
international products and services.
temperatures from 1st to 10th April are given.
2. It has reduced the cost of products and
The temperature is recorded twice every day at
services.
6 A.M. and 6 P.M. Observe the graph and
3. The process of bartering is now digital.
answer the question that follows.
4. Mode of access of information about
products and services has changed.
given below:
(a) 1 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 4 only
(d) 2, 3 and 4 only
Which of the following can we infer from the 53. Who is at the extreme left end ?
above graph? (a) Alok
1. Temperature has increased consistently
(b) Bhagat
from 7th to 9th April.
2. If there was a 5% decrease in temperature (c) Subodh
on 5th April at 6 A.M., it still would have (d) Data inadequate

been the hottest morning.
3. Temperature difference between the
54. Who is in the middle ?
hottest morning and the coolest evening is
(a) Bhagat
more than 10° C
(b) Jayesh
Select the correct answer using the codes (c) Pramod
given below.
(d) Subodh
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only 55. To find the answer to the above questions,
(d) 1 and 3 only which of the given statements is redundant and
can be dispensed with?

52. An individual has a certain number of small
(a) II only
boxes to pack into big parcel containers. If he
packs 3, 4, 5 or 6 boxes per parcel, then he is (b) III only
left with one box. If he packs 7 boxes per (c) IV only

parcel, then no box is left over. What is the (d) All statements are necessary to answer the
number of boxes with him?
given questions.
(a) 106
(b) 301
(c) 309 56. A and B take part in an archery duel. A can
(d) 400 strike with a probability of 0.6, while B can
strike with a probability of 0.8. A is to take the

Directions for the following 3 (three) items:
first shot, post which they will shoot
Read the following information carefully and answer
the questions that follow. alternatively. What is the probability that A
will win the duel?

I. There are five friends.
(a) 7/10
II. They are standing in a row facing South.
(b) 15/23
III. Jayesh is to the immediate right of Alok.
IV. Pramod is just between Bhagat and Subodh. (c) 12/23
V. Subodh is just between Jayesh and Pramod. (d) 11/17
Directions for the following 4 (four) items: 58. Which one of the following statements best
Read the following two passages and answer the items reflects the crux of the passage?
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items (a) Considering the high potential of AI
should be based on the passages only. chatbots, India should fund the
Passage – 1
development of such technologies.
Artificial intelligence will be integrated into everyday
(b) Without autonomous functionality, the
technology throughout the next decade to facilitate
adoption of AI chatbots would be difficult.
services. Currently, chatbots rely on a human
(c) AI chatbots have the potential to bring
engineer’s intelligence to continuously update the
about a major change in the business
system (i.e., they are not autonomous). AI chatbots
will be different from current conversational and setups.
messenger chatbots (e.g., Google Home and Siri) as (d) Companies while developing AI chatbots
they will autonomously identify arrangements, trends, should address the ethical challenges
and significance from data that is too intricate to be related to AI.
processed by human programmers or machines to
mimic human-like conversation. It has been suggested Passage – 2
that AI chatbots will reduce costs for companies by A massive open online course (MOOC) is open to
decreasing human input and will increase user value
anyone, anywhere, and anytime and is mostly provided
by engaging in intelligent conversations that reduce the
for free; it is often taught by a professor from an
time it takes a human to achieve a task and improve
eminent university, making it a prospective
their performance. While chatbots are currently
environment for education in the future. Despite a
popular, it is predicted that AI chatbots will advance
continuous spread of MOOCs and high attendance
chatbots in the market, growing to be worth over 100
billion US dollars by 2025. rates, about 80% of learners drop out from most
MOOC lectures after one or two videos or before
57. Based on the above passage, the following reaching one-third of the course. Although researchers
assumptions have been made: perceive this learning pattern as a typical feature of
1. The high demand for AI chatbots will MOOCs over time, some argue that lecture completion
consequently lead to more jobs. rates are not a suitable measure for the success of
2. Cost of development of chatbots is high,
MOOCs. Given the large difference in the level of
restricting their autonomous functionality.
learners’ behavioural and cognitive student
engagement between those who discontinued learning
(a) 1 only
at an early stage and those who finished the course,
(b) 2 only
one can conclude that success in MOOC learning
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 depends on how consistent the learning has been.

59. Which of the following is/are the most 62. Three statements followed by a question are
rational and logical inference/inferences that given below.
I. Sanjay is six years older than Gopal.
can be made from the passage?
II. Gopal's brother was born in 1982.
1. New developments in education field
III. Sanjay' s brother is two years younger than
cannot always be assessed with the old Gopal's brother, who was eight years younger
paradigms of evaluation. than Gopal.
2. MOOCs are more effective than
classroom-based education. Question: In which year was Sanjay born?

Select the statements that are required to
below:
answer the question
(a) 1 only (a) I and II together
(b) 2 only (b) II and III together
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) I and III together
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) All I, II and III
63. A man owns a semicircular plot of land of

radius 60 m. He wants to build a triangular
reflects the message of the author of the godown on his plot. What can be the
passage? maximum area that his godown can have?
(a) Charging some basic fees for MOOCs (a) 3600 m2
could help reduce the drop-out rates. (b) 7200 m2
(c) 1800 m2
(b) Attendance is not the sole criterion to
(d) 1200 m2
gauge the success of MOOCs.
(c) Researchers must find out the reasons for Directions for the following 4 (four) items:
the high dropout rates from MOOCs. Read the following information carefully and answer
(d) We need to find ways to make the teachers the questions that follow.
punctual so that the potential benefits of
P, Q, R, S, T and U are six students procuring their
MOOCs can be realised.
Master's degree in six different subjects — English,
History, Philosophy, Physics, Statistics and
61. On a certain sum of money, the compound Mathematics. Two of them stay in a hostel, two stay as
interest earned at the end of three years is Rs. paying guests (PG), and the remaining two stay at their
1456. While, compound interest earned at the homes.
end of two years is Rs. 880. Compute the

I. R does not stay as a PG and studies Philosophy.
principal invested.
II. The students studying Statistics and History do not
(a) Rs. 2,400 stay as PG.
(b) Rs. 2,800 III. T studies Mathematics and S studies Physics.
(c) Rs. 2,000 IV. U and S stay in a hostel. T stays as a PG and Q
(d) Rs. 1,600 stays at home.
64. Who studies English? 69. An urn contains 5 green, 4 blue and 3 red
(a) R marbles. If 3 marbles are drawn randomly,
(b) S what is the probability that atleast one of them
(c) T is red?
(d) None of the above (a) 43/55

(b) 34/55
(c) 32/45
65. Which of the following combinations of
(d) 52/55
subject and place of stay is not correct?
(a) English — Hostel
Directions for the following 2 (two) items:
(b) Mathematics — PG
Read the following passage and answer the items that
(c) Philosophy — Home
follow. Your answers to these items should be based on
(d) Physics — Hostel
the passage only.
Passage
66. Which of the following pairs of students stay
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and large-scale
at hostel and at home respectively?
restrictions imposed in almost all countries around the
(a) QR world, working and schooling from home have
(b) SR become the new norm. The migration of activities to
(c) US the online platform is changing people’s approach to
(d) Data inadequate everyday activities. Teleworking has increased
tremendously with the pandemic as a method for
67. Which subject does Q study? companies to adapt to the situation. Thus, individuals
(a) History and organizations are becoming increasingly
(b) Statistics dependent on the Internet to carry out their daily work.
(c) History or Statistics This has resulted in a huge increase in virtual presence
(d) None of the above and time spent online. In line with the increasing
interactions in cyberspace, the potential risk of cyber-
attack posed by these specific changes in behaviour
68. Two numbers are such that the ratio between
during the pandemic is increasing globally. The
them is x : y. If x is increased by 100% and y
psychological anxiety and fear that people experienced
is increased by 150%, the new ratio becomes 3
during the pandemic drove the success of cyberattack
: 2. Then the value of x : y is
incidence. These conditions make cybersecurity one of
(a) 4 : 9
the most significant issues today. Protecting people
(b) 8 : 15
and organizations from becoming targets of
(c) 8 : 9
cybercriminals is a priority for industry and academia.
(d) 15 : 8
70. Which among the following are the 73. Consider the following expression.
problematic issues caused due to the COVID- 10 + 103 + 106 + 109
19 pandemic? What is the value of the above expression?
1. Tele-education (a) 1010101010
2. Increased virtual presence (b) 1001000010
3. Teleworking (c) 1001000110
Select the correct answer from the code given (d) 1001001010
below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 74. How many different positive integers exist
(b) 2 and 3 only between 106 and 107, such that the sum of their
(c) 2 only digits is equal to 2?
(d) None of the above (a) 6
(b) 7
71. Which of the following is/are the most (c) 5
practical implications of the issue discussed in (d) 8
the passage?
1. The government may step up its efforts to
75. In the first 1000 natural numbers, how many
control the increasing number of cyber
integers exist such that they leave a remainder
bullying cases.
4 when divided by 7, and a remainder 9 when
2. Companies may invest in improving their
divided by 11?
cybersecurity.
(a) 12
(b) 16
below:
(c) 13
(a) 1 only
(d) 11
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
76. Set A contains all the even numbers between 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
and 50, both inclusive. Set B contains all the
even numbers between 102 and 150, both
72. If fire is called cloud, cloud is called water,
inclusive. What is the difference between the
water is called air, air is called sea and sea is
sum of the elements of set B and that of set A?
called river, what do we drink when thirsty?
(a) 2500
(a) Fire
(b) 5050
(b) Air
(c) 1125
(c) Sea
(d) 6275
(d) River
Directions for the following 4 (four) items: 78. Based on the above passage, the following
Read the following two passages and answer the items assumptions have been made:
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
1. Cinema is the best medium to understand
should be based on the passages only.
the complexities of society.
Passage – 1
Cinema, frequently termed the 7th art form, offers 2. The user’s previous choices and
viewers, not only an opportunity for mood regulation demographics are sufficient for effective
but also a window to other values and experiences, internet-based recommendation systems.
providing new forms to understand personal and social
issues and affording a valuable medium to promote
(a) 1 only
health, education and wellbeing. To help viewers
(b) 2 only
access and navigate through these resources, internet-
based recommendation systems can be helpful tools. (c) Both 1 and 2
However, to reach their full potential, these systems (d) Neither 1 nor 2
ought to consider more than the user’s previous
choices, or demographics, and account for the user’s
Passage – 2
subjective experience, affective states, and context.
In the face of intensifying climate change–related
Nowadays, it is possible to find some attempts that
combine the user’s daily subjective experience (e.g., hazards, one might expect that construction in
affect, values) and movie search, navigation, and countries would move away from cities whose climatic
recommendation, in an attempt to help emotion conditions are projected to deteriorate (that is, “future
regulation and life satisfaction.
bad locations”) and toward cities whose climate will
be less affected or may even improve. Since the 1960s,
77. Which of the following is/are the most
rational and logical inference/inferences that however, the opposite has occurred. Construction in
can be made from the passage? countries has increasingly gravitated toward cities
1. Cinema, as the 7th art form, is devoid of projected to become unbearably hot because of climate
any negative impact on individual or change. These trends suggest a spatial misallocation of
society.
investments in buildings, with negative potential
2. Technology is now penetrating deep
impacts on populations' future health and safety. Thus,
enough to influence an individual’s
emotions and life satisfaction. because buildings, especially tall buildings, are durable
Select the correct answer from the code given structures that depreciate only slowly over decades,
below: these construction patterns risk locking in urban
(a) 1 only
development and, therefore, urban populations in
(b) 2 only
suboptimal locations that will be most affected by
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 climate change.
79. Which of the following is/are the most
rational and logical inference/inferences that
can be made from the passage?
1. Construction in climate-affected urban
locations may not be a sustainable plan.
2. Climate change has not discouraged the
construction of buildings in urban cities.
below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

reflects the crux of the passage?
(a) Construction in cities should be mixed
with greenery to reduce the impact of
climate change.
(b) Construction in urban cities coupled with
climate change endangers the urban
population.
(c) Instead of moving constructions away
from urban cities, governments should
focus on mitigating climate change.
(d) The rate of climate change will even affect
the cities with less construction.
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of Vision IAS.
VISIONIAS
www.visionias.in
ANSWERS & EXPLANATION
CSAT 2023 – ABHYAAS TEST – 2 – 4254
1 (c)
Statement 1 is correct. The passage mentions, “The introduction of central bank digital currencies internationally
has worried many who believe that it could disrupt the banking system”. It clearly indicates the potential disruption
in banking system. When interest rates are low, people may convert their bank deposits into digital currencies, which
in turn could cause the cash holdings of banks to drop and hinder banks’ capacity to create loans. The author further
goes on to discuss the many other ways that people apprehend this could happen. So, this statement is correct.
Statement 2 is correct. The passage mentions, “Such an event could cause the cash holdings of banks to drop and
hinder banks’ capacity to create loans. When interest rates offered by banks are low, people may be more prone to
converting their bank deposits into digital currencies, since they would not lose out much in the way of interest
income by making the shift. Such an event could cause the cash holdings of banks to drop and hinder banks’ capacity
to create loans.” So, this statement is correct.
2 (a)
Statement 1 is correct. The passage mentions, “The digital rupee is recognized as a legal tender by the RBI and
thus has to be accepted by everyone in the country as a medium of exchange”. It shows that the e-rupee is a type of
digital currency, legalized by the RBI and has to be accepted by everyone.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “The digital currency will be offered by a select group of public
and private banks in a few major cities initially, which can be used for both person-to-person and person-to-
merchant transactions”. Therefore, it can be used for person to person and also for person to merchant transaction.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “It is, however, different from deposits that you hold in a bank.
Unlike deposits which are paid interest, the digital rupees in your wallet are not paid any interest by the central
bank”. Therefore, according to the passage, the digital e-rupee in your wallet does not pay any interest, normally
received in case of cash deposits.
3 (c)
Option (a) is incorrect. The context of the feeling of love is not covered in the passage. Also, why one should not
be concerned about the source of knowledge for love is not discussed in the passage. So, this option is beyond the
scope of the passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. This option is based on the line: “The public is sometimes derisive of social psychologists'
study of love and research questions like “Does good communication make for successful relationships?” It reflects
that the public sometimes mocks the study of love by social psychologists. But to conclude and say that such a study
by them is a waste of time would be out of context and not correct. So, this option is not the best crux of the passage.
Option (c) is correct. The given option is based on the following lines: “These common beliefs are false. It does
not pay to be overly confident about maxims learned at one's caregiver's knee or garnered from the latest column
one has read about relationships in a magazine.” These explain that the knowledge about love from the mentioned
sources is false and hence we can conclude that we cannot rely on such information. So, the option best captures the
essence of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. The context of the objective approach by social psychologists and why they should
convince people about love using that approach is beyond the scope of the passage, because it is not covered in the
passage. So, this option is not correct.

4 (b)
Let the 5 consecutive integers be 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
The average of 5 consecutive integers from 1 to 5 is 3.
Therefore, the value of m is 1 and the value of n is 3.
So, m + 2 = 3
9 consecutive integers starting from m + 2 will be 3, 4, ... , 11
Their average is 7.
We know that, n = 3. So, 7 has to be (n + 4).
5 (c)
Let the age of Anjali = x years.
And, let the difference in the ages of Anjali and Vijaya = a years.
Age of Vijaya = x + a years
Age of Tanya = x – a years
As given in the question, sum of ages of Vijaya and Tanya = 48
(x – a) + (x + a) = 48
or 2x = 48
or x = 24 years.
Age of Anjali = x = 24 years
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
6 (b)
Let f(x) = x4 – ax3 + bx2 – cx + 8
When divided by x – 1, f(x) leaves a remainder of 4.

So, f(1) = 4
or 1 – a + b – c + 8 = 4
or –a + b – c = - 5 ...... Eqn (1)
When divided by x + 1, f(x) leaves a remainder of 3.

So, f(–1) = 3
or 1 + a + b + c + 8 = 3
or a + b + c = - 6 ...... Eqn (2)
Adding equations (1) and (2), we get:

2b = -11,
or b = -5.5
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

7 (c)
Let’s say that the students are named a, b, c, d and e, in increasing order of weights.
The average weight of a, b, c and d is 40 kg, whereas the average weight of b, c, d and e is 45 kg.
So, the sum of a, b, c and d is 160 kg, and the sum of b, c, d and e is 180 kg.
What must be the total weight of all the students?

There are two ways of looking at this.
a) Total weight = 160 + e
b) Total weight = 180 + a
So, e is 20 kgs heavier than a.
The average weight of the whole class will be the minimum if the value of a is the minimum.
This will be the case if b = c = d = e = 180/4 = 45 kg, and a = e - 20 = 25 kg
So, minimum average weight of the whole class = (180 + 25)/5 = 41 kg
The average weight of the whole class will be the maximum if the value of a is the maximum. This will be the case
if a = b = c = d = 160/4 = 40 kg, and e = a + 20 = 60 kg
So, maximum average weight of the whole class = (180 + 40)/5 = 44 kg

So, the difference between the maximum possible and the minimum possible average weight = 44 – 41 = 3 kgs.
8 (c)
Pipe A can fill the tank in 20 minutes.
So, part of the tank filled in 1 minute = 1/20
Pipe B can empty the tank in 30 minutes.
So, part of tank emptied in 1 minute = 1/30
Part of tank filled in 2 minutes (Pipe A is opened for 1 minute and Pipe B is opened for the next 1 minute) = 1/20 –
1/30 = 1/60
Part of the tank filled in 57 × 2 = 114 minutes = 57/60.
The last 3/60th part is filled in 115th minute by pipe A.
Hence, the tank is filled in 115 minutes.
So, option (c) is the correct answer.

9 (d)
A Venn diagram deduced from the given statements has been drawn below:
Therefore, both conclusions I and II follow.

So, option (d) is the correct answer.
10 (a)
Clearly, the first letters of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth terms are moved three, four, five, six and seven
alphabet-letters forward respectively to obtain the first letter of the successive terms.
The second letters of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth terms are moved five, six, seven, eight and nine
alphabet-letters forward respectively to obtain the second letter of the successive terms.
The third letters of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth terms are moved seven, eight, nine, ten and eleven
alphabet-letters forward respectively to obtain the third letter of the successive terms.
Thus, the missing term would be ZKW.

So, option (a) is the correct answer.
11 (b)
The first, third and fifth letters are each moved one alphabet-letter backward, while the second, fourth and sixth
letters are each moved one alphabet-letter forward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code.
So, option (b) is the correct answer.
12 (d)
Option (a) is incorrect. The given statement is not correct because it projects computer coding as the best
mechanism to teach children life skills which is not based on the information given in the passage. The passage
nowhere suggests that computer coding is the best method to learn life skills. The only coverage about computer
coding is in line “If you start introducing complex skills, such as computer coding, to kids whilst they are young,
they’ll consume it quickly, utilise it flexibly and continue to foster it for decades to come” and this does not imply
or mean what is stated in this statement.
Option (b) is incorrect. The passage does not discuss the ill consequences of end-user technology for children and
why they should avoid it. So, this option is beyond the scope of the passage and hence, is not correct. The author
primarily discusses the need to transition children from the demand side to the supply side of technologies.
Option (c) is incorrect. The passage talks about learning to code and how it can help in catapulting
(launching/moving) them into digital old age with ease through line “… but what if we could teach our children to
create new technology that will catapult them into digital old age with ease?”. This does not mean, that by learning
coding at a young age their old age will become easy or/and prosperous. There is no such relationship established
in the passage. Hence, this option is not correct.
Option (d) is correct. The essence of the following lines “Quite often, our kids are only exposed to the end-user
part of technology. Most watch YouTube, play video games, play on their smartphones, and download music from
Alexa, but what if we could teach our children to create new technology that will catapult them into digital old age

with ease?” is best captured in the given option. Children consume end-user technology, but they should also create
new technology. So, this option is correct.
13 (a)
Assumption 1 is correct. The lines “It is now well recognized that such communities need to be offered alternatives
for their livelihoods to ensure that coral reefs are not further damaged, as well as to alleviate poverty in coastal
areas.”, reflect that coral reefs were acting as a source of livelihood for coastal areas which led to their destruction.
Hence, alternatives for their livelihood need to be offered to protect the coral reefs. So, this assumption is correct.
Assumption 2 is incorrect. Refer to the first line of the passage: “The connection between poverty and coral
reef ecosystems is significant: two-thirds of all countries with reef areas are developing countries, and a quarter of
these are least-developed countries.” These lines talk about the intricate relationship between coral reefs and
livelihood (which may lead to exploitation of reefs) in developing and least-developed countries. This does not
mean that there is absolutely no exploitation of coral reefs in developed countries. In the context of this passage, we
cannot comment on this. Therefore, this assumption is invalid.
14 (c)
Option (a) is incorrect. There is no discussion of artificial coral reefs as an alternative livelihood for the protection
of natural coral reefs. So, this option is beyond the scope of the passage. The author only discusses solutions like
integrated and participatory approaches to reef management, selective tourism and controlled local use of coral
reefs.
Option (b) is incorrect. Refer to the line: “Such approaches include identifying and supporting alternative
livelihoods to reduce dependence on coral reefs.” The author does talk about dependence on coral reefs. It is
possible that marine biodiversity would be affected by overdependence and the associated exploitation. However,
we cannot say that it would not happen in developed countries. There is no concrete information given the passage
to conclusively establish this claim. So, this is not the crux of the passage.
Option (c) is correct. The lines “The connection between poverty and coral reef ecosystems are significant: two-
thirds of all countries with reef areas are developing countries, and a quarter of these are least-developed
countries.” and “Selective tourism can regulate the level of carrying capacity of the coral reef environment. In the
case of selective tourism, the protection of flora and fauna can be done through notification and monitoring of the
environment”, clearly demonstrate that selective tourism can help in coral protection in developing and least-
developed countries.
Option (d) is incorrect. Practicing selective tourism is good for coral conservation but the context of uniform policy
regulation, that too globally, is not a part of the passage. There could be region wise variations in the exploitation
of coral reefs. Therefore, it would be imprudent to recommend a globally uniform regulation.
15 (b)
A and E are brothers. Hence, both are males.
F is the sister of E, and hence a female.
C is a son, and hence a male.
B and D are daughters, and hence females.
Thus, there are three males in all.
So, option (b) is the correct answer.

16 (a)
The path taken by Gopal is shown below.
Clearly, Gopal is finally walking in the North direction.

So, option (a) is the correct answer.
17 (d)
Final position of Monika has been shown below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 M 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Initial position of Monika has been shown below:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 M 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Clearly, Monika's initial position was 8th from the left end and 14th from the right end. Hence, the answer is (d).
18 (a)
The required region is the one which is common to the Youth and Employed circles, but lies outside Educated circle,
i.e. 4.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
19 (b)
Given series: 10, 5, 5, 7.5, 15, P
The series follows the following pattern:
10 × 0.5 = 5
5×1=5
5 × 1.5 = 7.5
7.5 × 2 = 15
So, P = 15 × 2.5 = 37.5

20 (a)
Let the number of sides in the regular polygon be n.
Therefore, Number of diagonals = nC2 - n = [n (n-1)/2] - n = (n2 - 3n) / 2
Given, Number of sides = T x Number of diagonals
Or n = T × (n2 - 3n)/2
Or n = (2/T) + 3 = (2 + 3T)/T
Interior angle of a regular polygon = (n - 2) × 180/n

= 180 – 360/n
= 180 – 360 T/(2 + 3T)
= (360 + 540 T – 360 T) / (3T + 2)
= (360 + 180 T) / (3T + 2)
= 180 × (T + 2)/(3T + 2)
21 (c)
Let’s compare the incomes of A, B, C, D and E.
A = (5/4) × B
Or B = (4/5) × A
C = (5/4) × A
A = (6/5) × D
Or D = (5/6) × A
E = (6/5) × A
In order for the amounts earned by A, B, C, D and E to be integers, the amount earned by A should be a multiple of
4, 5 and 6. Or, the amount earned by A should be a multiple of 60. The only multiple of 60 that is a 2–digit number
is 60.
So, if A earns Rs. 60, B should earn Rs. 48. C should earn Rs. 75. D should earn Rs. 50. And E should earn Rs. 72.
The total amount earned by all 5 of them should be equal to Rs. 60 + Rs. 48 + Rs. 75 + Rs. 50 + Rs. 72 = Rs. 305
22 (d)
Statement 1 is invalid. Refer to the line: “A total of 16 GIB chicks, artificially hatched from eggs collected from
the wild, are being reared in the satellite conservation breeding facility at Sam in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.” It clearly
highlights the breeding of GIB chick in artificial set up. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that breeding of Great Indian
Bustard can be done only in the wild.
Statement 2 is completely wrong in the context of this passage. Refer to the last line: “Questions, however, are
being raised about the slow pace of implementation.” This line highlights the slow pace of implementation of the
GIB conservation measures. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that the steps being taken to conserve the GIB have
earned wide acclamation.
23 (d)
Assumption 1 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Listed in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act,
1972, in Appendix I of CITES, as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, the Great Indian Bustard (GIBs)
enjoy the highest protection both in India and globally”. It implies that the Great Indian Bustard is important for
the environment and ecology and that is why they are included in IUCN red data book as an endangered species.
However, suggesting that “…as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List,) the Great Indian Bustard (GIBs)
enjoy the highest protection in India” is not the same as “The Great Indian Bustard (GIB) is considered to be India’s
most critically endangered bird”. The passage makes a general statement regarding GIB being highly protected, but
does not make a comparison amongst the animals/birds included in the critically endangered category.
Assumption 2 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Historically, the GIB population was distributed among 11
States in western India but today the population is confined mostly to Rajasthan and Gujarat. Small populations are
found in Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh.” It implies that GIBs are found in many states but most of
them are found in Rajasthan and Gujarat, which are western states rather than northern, esp. Gujrat.
24 (d)
Option (a) is incorrect. Nowhere in the passage has the author mentioned that only an educated population can
best make use of the benefits of digital progress. So, this option is incorrect.
Option (b) is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Of course language flexibility in higher education should include
students having room to improve their English skills too. This will open up more opportunities for them in the global
knowledge economy.” The author highlights how Bengal paid a heavy price for curbing English to promote the local
language. It implies that, along with local languages, the English language is also important, as it will allow availing
more opportunities globally in every field. So, this option is incorrect.
Option (c) is incorrect. Nowhere in the passage has the author mentioned the educationally rich people or their
morality. This passage limits its domain to the medium of language for subjects of higher education. So, this option
is incorrect.
Option (d) is correct. Since, options (a), (b) and (c) are incorrect, option (d) is the most appropriate answer.
25 (b)
Assumption 1 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Students schooled in their mother tongue have a disadvantage
in higher education where English is usually the medium of instruction and examination. So, even in higher
education, language can be a barrier in learning. Therefore, this assumption is incorrect.
Assumption 2 is correct. The passage mentions, “India is also witnessing great internal migration, and migrant
children should not be put at risk by rigid approaches to language.” Rigid approaches to language can negatively
affect the children of migrant population because these children might have received their earlier teachings in a
different language. It implies that language should be flexible - flexible language policies can greatly benefit
students who migrate from another state. So, this assumption is correct.
26 (b)
A can complete the task in 12 days and B can complete the task in 18 days.
So, in one day, A can do 1/12th of the task, while in one day B can do 1/18th of the task.
In two days, they can complete 1/12 + 1/18 = 5/36th of the task.
So, at the end of 14 days, they would have done 35/36th of the task.

On the 15th day A would begin the work with 1/36th of the task still remaining.
He can finish 1/12th task in a day.
So, he would take one-third of a day to finish 1/36th of the task.
So, they can finish the whole task in 14.33 days.
27 (d)
From1, we have : A = P.
From 2, we have : N < P < S.
Combining the above two, we get : N < A = P < S.
So, Sahil is the heaviest amongst them.
So, both statements 1 and 2 are required to answer the question.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
28 (a)
As per the question, x > 60 > y
Also, we can infer that both x and y have to be non-negative and cannot be more than 100. So, 0 ≤ x, y ≤ 100
Using the Alligation method, we get:

(60 – y) / (x – 60) = 1/3
Or (x – 60) = 3(60 – y)
As y is an integer, 60 – y must be an integer too.
So, x – 60 has to be a multiple of 3.
If y = 47, x = 99.
If y = 80, x = 0.
Therefore, x can be 0, 3, 6, 9, …..96, 99. That is, a total of 34 possible values.
29 (d)
76×77×78×79×80×81×82/1539
= 76×77×78×79×80×81×82/(81×19)
= 4×77×78×79×80×82

Here, 1539 divides the given expression completely.
So, the remainder is zero.
30 (d)
According to the question,
The first performance is scheduled on 13th February on Thursday, just followed by performance of S. So, S’s
performance is scheduled on 14th February on Friday.
Dancer P will not perform on 15th February. So, P’s performance can be on 13th or 16th February.
One dance is scheduled between the performance of P and Q. Thus, it is clear that P will perform on 13th February
and Q on 15th February. Therefore, R will perform on 16th February.
So, final arrangement will be:

P – 13th February, Thursday
S – 14th February, Friday
Q – 15th February, Saturday
R – 16th February, Sunday
Dancer R’s performance will be on 16th February, Sunday.
31 (c)
Let t1 be the first term, t4 be the 4th term, and t12 be the 12th term of the progression.
The sum of the first 'n' terms of an arithmetic progression = (n/2) [2t1 + (n - 1) × d]
So, Sum of the first 15 terms of an AP = (15/2) [2t1 + (15 - 1) × d] = (15/2) [2t1 + 14d] …… equation (i)
We can find the answer either if we know t1 and d, or if we can find the value of [2t1 + 14d].
The sum of the 4th and 12th terms = 20.

So, t4 + t12 = 20
t4 can be expressed as t1 + 3d
Similarly, t12 can be expressed as t1 + 11d
∴ t4 + t12 = 20 can be expressed as t1 + 3d + t1 + 11d = 20
Or 2t1 + 14d = 20
Substituting 2t1 + 14d = 20 in equation (i), we get:

Sum of the first 15 terms = (15/2) [2t1 + 14d]
= (15/2) × 20 = 150.
32 (c)
As per the statements, we get:
Here, City is denoted as C, Village is denoted as V, Shop is denoted as S and Mall is denoted as M.
Conclusion-I: Some Malls are Cities → It is correct

Conclusion-II: All Shops are Cities→ It is not correct
Conclusion-III: Some Shops are Cities → It is correct
Therefore, Conclusion-I and Conclusion-III are correct.
33 (b)
As shown in the figure, the shaded portion is coloured. Clearly the rows of smaller cubes (formed by cutting the
large cube into 125 parts) which are indicated by tick have none of their faces coloured.
Since there are 16 such rows, and each row consists of 5 cubes, so there are 16 × 5 = 80 cubes which are not coloured
at all.
Now, on the upper coloured surface, there are 25 coloured cubes, and the adjacent coloured surface has 20 coloured
cubes (whose at least one face is painted).
Total coloured cubes = 25 + 20 = 45
So, required ratio = 45 : 80 or 9 : 16
Hence, the ratio of cubes which are coloured on at least one face and cubes which are not coloured at all is 9 : 16.
34 (d)
Statement 1 is incorrect. Refer to the line: “But even though Argentina has highly qualified women, with a
relatively high proportion in leadership roles, it fares a shade worse than India.” Despite having high proportion
of women in leadership roles, Argentina has gender gaps in wealth accumulation. Therefore, this answer option is
incorrect.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The passage does not make any reference to GDP growth rate of a country. Therefore,
this answer option is entirely beyond the scope of this passage.
35 (a)
Statement 1 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “On average, women are expected to accumulate 74% of wealth
as compared to men at the time of retirement. The main causes for the difference are a gender pay gap and women’s
delayed career trajectories on account of care giving”. It implies that women spend a long time in care giving
which takes away time from their careers. Therefore, as per the passage, women’s delayed career trajectories, rather
than the choice of career, affect their accumulation of wealth. So this statement is incorrect.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The passage does not mention, “Access to relevant information” as the reason affecting
women’s accumulation of wealth. So, this statement is not valid according to the passage.
Statement 3 is correct. The passage mentions, “On average, women are expected to accumulate 74% of wealth as
compared to men at the time of retirement. The main causes for the difference are a gender pay gap and women’s
delayed career trajectories on account of care giving”. It shows that women’s accumulation of wealth capacity
depends on the gender pay gap, which means that women get lower wage for the same amount of work. So this
statement is correct.
36 (c)
Given: Ratio of length of both trains = 5 : 4 and ratio of their speed = 4 : 3
Let the length of trains be 5x and 4x and speed of trains be 4y and 3y
∵ Time = (distance/speed)
∴ Required ratio of time taken by them to cross an electric pole = (5x/4y) : (4x/3y) = 15 : 16
37 (a)
Method I:
∵ Price of 25 Bananas = 100 paise
∴ Cost Price of 1 Banana = (100/25) = 4 paise
To get a profit of 25%, price of 1 Banana = [4 × (125/100)] = 5 paise
∴ Number of Bananas needed to be sold to get back Rs 1 (100 paise) = (100/5) = 20 Bananas
Method II:
If cost is constant (Rs 1 in this case), then:
1
𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 ∝
𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
Here there is a profit of 25%, so CP : SP = 100 : 125 = 4:5
So to get back Rs 1 he should sell 20 bananas.

38 (d)
At 4:30, the position of the minute and hour hands of the clock will be as follows.
As shown above, if the minute hand points towards the east, the hour hand will point towards the north-east.
39 (c)
2's followed by 1's, but not preceded by 4 have been highlighted below.
421214211244412212144214212124142124146
40 (d)
Numbers called out by Nitin: 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 .....
Numbers called out by Sumit : 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 .....
Clearly, they will never call out the same number at the same time.
41 (d)
From statement 1:
S and R are sitting opposite to each other, and Q and U are also sitting opposite to each other. So, P and T must also
be sitting opposite to each other. But we do not know who is facing inwards and who is facing outwards. So,
Statement-1 alone is not sufficient.
From statement 2:
P, Q and R are facing the centre, while S, T and U are facing outwards.
But we do not know their exact position. So, Statement-2 alone is not sufficient.
Even both statements together cannot provide us a definite answer.

Thus, even both Statements 1 and 2 together are not sufficient to answer the question.

42 (b)
One possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as follows:
Conclusion I: Some Bright are Dark → False (It is not definite)

Conclusion II: Some Pictures are not Dark → True
Hence, only Conclusion II follows.
Explanation for Questions 43 and 44:

From the information given in the passage, we can fill in the table containing the names of the translators and the
languages they know:
43 (c)
As given in the above table, A knows the languages English and Marathi. Hence, A can translate from English to
Marathi.
44 (d)
B can do the translation on his own, as he knows both German and French.
45 (a)
Statement 1 is correct. The passage mentions, “The Constitution’s bouquet of rights, directive principles, and
duties cannot be meaningfully enjoyed by citizens without quality education”. Hence, this statement is correct.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Against the National Education Policy’s goal of combined
government expenditure on education at 6% of GDP, 3% of GDP was budgeted in 2021-22.”. It implies that the

expenditure goal of the national education policy is 6% of GDP, against the budgetary provisions (2021-2022) of
3% of GDP only. It shows that Budgetary provisions are lower than the National Education Policy goal. So this
statement is incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct. The passage mentions, “UGC is restructuring undergraduate, PG, and doctoral programs.
States are trying out clustering of schools, closing down smaller schools.” Therefore, it is clear that state
governments have been trying to cluster schools. So, this statement is correct.
46 (c)
Statement 1 is incorrect. Refer to the line: “By now every doctor in the country should be familiar with growing
antimicrobial resistance.” This clearly means that the problem has been well recognised. Therefore, this answer
option is incorrect.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Refer to the line: “By now every doctor in the country should be familiar with growing
antimicrobial resistance and what their role in curbing its spread needs to be…” The highlighted part clearly means
that the doctors are well aware of the solution to the problem. Therefore, it would be incorrect to say that there is
inaction over even exploring a solution to the problem.
Statement 3 is correct: The passage mentions at the beginning itself, "Knowing what’s needed to solve a problem
is one thing, but doing it is quite another. By now every doctor in the country should be familiar with growing
antimicrobial resistance and what their role in curbing its spread needs to be, but their prescription behaviour
remains largely unreformed." These lines set the tone of the main concern of the author that there is an attitudinal
and behavioural change required to address the problem.
47 (b)
Assumption 1 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “The latest ICMR attempt to reform this behaviour involves
advising doctors to avoid using antibiotics in conditions such as low-grade fever and viral bronchitis”. It implies
that doctors should avoid using antibiotics in conditions such as low-grade fever and viral bronchitis”. There is a
difference between “…conditions such as low-grade fever and viral bronchitis” and “most cases”; the latter not
being attributed to any type or grade of disease. So this assumption is incorrect.
Assumption 2 is correct. The passage mentions, “Plus planning a stop date to ensure that antibiotics are not given
beyond the recommended duration”. It implies that doctors should ensure that antibiotics are not given beyond the
recommended duration. So, this assumption is correct.
48 (c)
Statements 1, 2 and 3 are incorrect. The passage nowhere discusses the aspect of the delivery of products and
services. Also, there is no mention of reduction in the cost of products and services. The context of barter is not
about the present times but limited to 100 years ago as per the lines “For example, approximately 100 years ago,
consumption occurred in the form of bartering or purchases made by travelling merchants.” Therefore, all the three
statements 1, 2 and 3 are incorrect.
Statement 4 is correct. The lines “These days, the developments in the field of communication, technology,
information, and marketing have created new shifts in the way consumers inform and learn about certain products
and services.”, show that developments in communication technology, information, etc. have changed the mode of
access to information about products and services.
49 (a)
Assumption 1 is invalid. The lines “The changed lifestyle of individual consumers, for instance, has changed their
way of doing things such as consumption patterns. For example, approximately 100 years ago, consumption
occurred in the form of bartering or purchases made by travelling merchants.”, have only given the example of
changing consumption patterns but that does not mean that these patterns change every 100 years.
Assumption 2 is invalid. The assumption is about the comparison of safety in the consumption of services in the
internet world and the barter system. However, the passage does not discuss this aspect. The reference to barter

system has been made only to highlight the changing nature of consumption patterns. So, this assumption is beyond
the scope of the passage.
Assumption 3 is invalid. The lines “It has become ever so important for the companies of the 21st century to work
on the integration of new technologies and to understand how consumers use the internet; this day, everything is
linked with the World Wide Web, whether it is social interaction or shopping”, are about what the companies should
focus upon. So, integration of technologies and understanding consumer behaviour are two separate and different
things on which the companies should focus. Therefore, we cannot say that without the integration of technologies
it is not possible to understand consumer behaviour.
50 (c)
When n = 1, 2, 3....10, both values will be equal to 0. So, 10 possibilities.
When n = 13, 14, ....21, both values will be equal to 1. So, 9 possibilities.
When n = 52, 53, 54, both values will be equal to 4. So, 3 possibilities.
when n = 65, both will be equal to 5. So, 1 possibility.
So, in total there are 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 10 = 35 possibilities.
51 (b)
Statement 1:
On observing the graph carefully, we find that there is a constant increase in the temperature at 6 a.m. during the
given period. But, in case of temperature at 6 p.m., first there is a decrease, followed by an increase during the same
period. So, this statement is not correct.
Statement 2:
If there was a 5% decrease in temperature on 5th April, then the temperature on that day would have been 29 ×
(95/100) = 27.55°. It would still have been the hottest morning. So, this statement is correct.
Statement 3:
Hottest morning temperature = 29°
Coolest evening temperature = 34°
Difference between hottest morning and coolest evening temperature is (34-29)° = 5°. It is less than10°, so this
statement is incorrect.
Hence, option (b) is the most appropriate answer.
52 (b)
The required number should be such that it leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 3, 4, 5 or 6, but no remainder
when divided by 7. Such a number is 301.
Explanation for Questions 53, 54 and 55:

Jayesh is to the immediate right of Alok, i.e. J, A.

Subodh is just in between Jayesh and Pramod. So, we get: P, S, J, A.
Pramod is just in between Bhagat and Subodh. So, we get: B, P, S, J, A.
53 (a)
Alok is at the extreme left end.
54 (d)
Subodh is in the middle.
55 (d)
56 (b)
A can win in the following scenarios:
1. A strikes in first shot. P (A in 1st shot) = 0.6
2. A misses in the first shot, B misses in the second, A strikes in the third. P (A in 3rd shot) = 0.4 × 0.2 × 0.6 {A
misses, then B misses and then A strikes}
3. A misses in the first shot, B misses in the second, A misses the third, B misses the fourth, and A strikes in the
fifth. P (A in 5st shot) = 0.4 × 0.2 × 0.4 × 0.2 × 0.6 {A misses, then B misses and then A misses, then B misses, then
A strikes}
And so on.
Overall probability = Sum of all these scenarios = 0.6 + (0.4 × 0.2 × 0.6) + (0.4 × 0.2 × 0.4 × 0.2 × 0.6) + ………
= 0.6 [ 1 + (0.4 × 0.2) + (0.4 × 0.2)2 + (0.4 × 0.2)3 + …..]
This is an infinite geometric progression with first term 0.6 and common ratio 0.4 × 0.2 = 0.08.
Required probability = a/(1 - r) = 0.6/(1 - 0.08) = 0.6 / 0.92 = 15/23
57 (d)
Assumption 1 is invalid. The given assumption is not correct because it is contradictory to the information given
in the passage. The lines “It has been suggested that AI chatbots will reduce costs for companies by decreasing
human input and will increase user value by engaging in intelligent conversations that reduce the time it takes a
human to achieve a task and improve their performance”, reflect that AI chatbots will reduce costs by decreasing
human input, which means that there will be reduced human participation leading to fewer jobs. So, to assume that
more demand for AI chatbots will increase jobs would not be correct.
Assumption 2 is invalid. The given assumption states that the high cost of chatbots is the reason for their non-
autonomous functionality. However, AI chatbots are going to be autonomous. The current chatbots are not
autonomous because of the human engineering interventions. So, this assumption is not valid.
58 (c)
Option (a) is incorrect. The context of funding for the development of AI chatbots is not a part of the passage.
Also, the passage is not specific to India. The author mostly focusses on the features, benefits and challenges of AI
chatbots. Therefore, this option is not the crux of the passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. Refer to the line: “Currently, chatbots rely on a human engineer’s intelligence to
continuously update the system (i.e., they are not autonomous). AI chatbots will be different…” As per the
information in the passage, AI chatbots are autonomous. So, the question of the autonomous nature of AI chatbots
does not arise. Also, the challenges in the adoption of chatbots are not discussed in the passage. So, this is not the
crux of the passage.
Option (c) is correct. The lines “AI chatbots will be different from current conversational and messenger chatbots
(e.g., Google Home and Siri) as they will autonomously identify arrangements, trends, and significance from data
that is too intricate to be processed by human programmers or machines to mimic human-like conversation ….
While chatbots are currently popular, it is predicted that AI chatbots will advance chatbots in the market, growing
to be worth over 100 billion US dollars by 2025”, show that AI chatbots have the potential to bring about a major
change in the business setups. So, this is the best crux of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. This option is beyond the scope of the passage because there is no discussion about the
context of ethics related to AI. Hence, this is not the crux of the passage.
59 (a)
Statement 1 is correct. In this case, MOOC is a prospective environment for education in the future (a new
development in the field of education). Some researchers suggest that the effectiveness of MOOCs should not be
assessed by the old paradigm of lecture completion rates. This parameter of evaluation was more suited to the
classroom-based learning model. Therefore, it is correct to say that new developments in education field cannot
always be assessed with the old paradigms of evaluation.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The author limits the scope of discussion to the different aspects of MOOC. The benefits,
issues and evaluation mechanism of the effectiveness of this futuristic model. There is absolutely no mention of the
classroom-based education. Therefore, it is difficult to infer the relative effectiveness of MOOC and classroom-
based education.
60 (b)
Option (a) is incorrect. The reasons for dropping out are not discussed in the passage. So, to conclude that no fee
is the cause of the dropout rate and charging some basic fees could ensure reducing the drop-out rates would not be
correct. So, this is not the best message of the author.
Option (b) is correct. The lines “... Given the large difference in the level of learners’ behavioural and cognitive
student engagement between those who discontinued learning at an early stage and those who finished the course,
one can conclude that success in MOOC learning depends on how consistent the learning has been”, illustrate
that the learning outcomes from MOOC majorly depends on consistency in learning and efforts should be made to
achieve it. Therefore, this answer option is correct.
Option (c) is incorrect. The lines “Although researchers perceive this learning pattern as a typical feature of
MOOCs over time, some argue that lecture completion rates are not a suitable measure for the success of MOOCs”,
demonstrate that researchers perceive that dropping out of MOOCs is a feature of MOOCs. This does not mean that
researchers must enquire about the reasons. Also, there is no discussion about the enquiry of the reasons for dropout.
Option (d) is incorrect. The given option is not true, because there’s no certainty that resolution of the stated issue
will help in increasing the lecture completion rates. The conclusion from the lines “Given the large difference in the
level of learners’ behavioural and cognitive student engagement between those who discontinued learning at an
early stage and those who finished the course, one can conclude that success in MOOC learning depends on how
consistent the learning has been.”, show that success of MOOC learning depends on consistency rather the given
issue. So, this is not the best message of the author.
61 (c)
Let principal = P, rate of interest = r%
CI earned at the end of three years = P(1 + r)3 - P = 1456
CI earned at the end of two years = P(1 + r)2 - P = 880
Dividing one by the other we get: [(1 + r)3 – 1] / [(1 + r)2 – 1] = 1456/880
We can cancel ‘r’ and solve the resulting equation. However, let us see if we can spot something in the numbers.
1456/880 = 728/440
The amounts at the end of three years and two years are linked to (1 + r)3 and (1 + r)2 respectively.
Now observe that 1728 = 123 and 144 = 122.
So, 728/440 = (1728 − 1000) / (1440 − 1000) = (1.728 − 1) / (1.440 − 1)
So, r = 20% and P = Rs. 2000
62 (d)
From II, we know that Gopal's brother was born in 1982.
From III, we get to know that Gopal’s brother is 8 years younger to him. So, Gopal was born in 1974. From I, we
can see that Sanjay is 6 years older than Gopal. Thus, Sanjay was born in 1968.
So, all the three statements are required.
63 (a)
The largest triangle that can be formed inside a semicircle is the one which has the base as the diameter of the
semicircle and height as the radius of the semi circle. For all other triangles can be formed only by reducing either
the base or the height or both.
The picture above shows the largest godown that he can build on his plot.
Area of the godown = base × height / 2 = 120 × 60 / 2 = 3600 m2
Explanation for Questions 64 to 67:

I. R does not stay as PG and studies Philosophy.
III. T studies Mathematics and S studies Physics.
IV. U and S stay in hostel. T stays as PG and Q stays at home.

It’s clear from the table above that R must be staying at home, and P at PG.
II. The students studying Statistics and History do not stay as PG. So, P must be studying English.
64 (d)
P studies English.
65 (a)
Clearly the incorrect combination is English — Hostel
66 (b)
S stays at hostel and R stays at home.
67 (c)
Q studies History or Statistics.
68 (d)
According to question, x is increased by 100%
∴ x + 100% of x = 2x
Similarly, y + 150% of y = 2.5y
Now, (2x/2.5y) = 3/2
or 4x/5y = 3/2
or x/y = 15/8 = 15 : 8

69 (b)
Number of possible ways of selecting 3 marbles out of 12 marbles = 12C3
Now, Probability of selecting atleast one red marble = {1 – Probability of selecting no red marble}
= 1 – [(9C3) / (12C3)] = 1 –[(9 × 8 × 7)/(3 × 2)]/[(12 × 11 × 10)/(3 × 2)] = 1 – [(9 × 8 × 7)/(12 × 11 × 10)] = 1 –
[21/55] = 34/55
70 (d)
All 1, 2 and 3 are incorrect. The given options are not problematic issues per se. Tele-education and teleworking
were the consequences of Covid. However, they cannot be termed as issues because the passage does not discuss
them in that light. Increased virtual presence was again the consequence of Covid, but we cannot term it as a
problematic issue.
71 (b)
Cyber bullying has not been discussed in the passage. So, statement 1 is incorrect.
Refer to the line: “In line with the increasing interactions in cyberspace, the potential risk of cyber-attack posed by
these specific changes in behaviour during the pandemic is increasing globally.” The increased online presence in
the aftermath of Covid has exacerbated cybersecurity concerns across the globe. Therefore, it is imperative that
companies take adequate measures to address this emerging online security concern. So, statement 2 is correct.
72 (b)
We drink water when thirsty. In the coding given in the question we see that water is called air. So, air is the correct
answer.
73 (d)
10 + 103 + 106 + 109 = 10 + 1000 + 1000000 + 1000000000 = 1001001010
74 (b)
Method I
Between 10 and 100, we have 2 such numbers: 11 and 20.
Between 100 and 1000, we have 3 such numbers: 101, 110 and 200.
Therefore, between 106 and 107, we will have 7 integers whose digit-sum will be equal to 2.
Method II
All numbers between 106 and 107 will be 7 digit numbers.
There are two possibilities if the sum of the digits has to be '2'.
Possibility 1: Two of the 7 digits are 1s and the remaining 5 are 0s.
The left most digit has to be one of the 1s. That leaves us with 6 places where the second 1 can appear.
So, a total of six 7-digit numbers comprising two 1s exist, such that the sum of their digits is '2'.
Possibility 2: One digit is 2 and the remaining are 0s.
The only possibility is 2000000.
Total count is the sum of the counts from these two possibilities = 6 + 1 = 7
75 (c)
The first sequence: Numbers leaving a remainder of 4 when divided by 7: 4, 11, 18, 25, 32, 39, 46, 53, 60, 67, ....
The second sequence: Numbers leaving a remainder of 9 when divided by 11: 9, 20, 31, 42, 53, 64, .....
From the listing of the two sequences we can identify the first number that is a part of both the sequences. It is 53.
The common difference of the first sequence is 7 and that of the second sequence is 11.
Elements common to both the sequences will have a common difference equal to the LCM of 7 and 11, i.e. 77. In
other words, every 77th number after 53 will be a term common to both the series.
So, the terms that are common to both the arithmetic sequences can be expressed as 77k + 53.
Because we are interested in the first 1000 natural numbers, k will take values from 0 to 12, i.e. a total of 13 values.
76 (a)
SET A: {2, 4, 6, 8,...., 50}. Set of first 25 consecutive positive even numbers.
SET B: {102, 104, 106,....., 150}. Another set of 25 consecutive positive even numbers starting from 102.
Difference between 1st term of set A and that of set B is 100.
Difference between 2nd term of set A and that of set B is 100.
And so on.
Each term in set B is 100 more than the corresponding term in set A.
So, the difference between the sum of the elements of set B and that of set A = the sum of the differences of all the
terms = (100 + 100 + 100 + .... 25 times) = 25 × 100 = 2500.
77 (b)
Statement 1 is incorrect. The lines, “Cinema, frequently termed the 7th art form, offers viewers, not only an
opportunity for mood regulation but also a window to other values and experiences, providing new forms to
understand personal and social issues and affording a valuable medium to promote health, education and
wellbeing” do talk about the individual and social benefits of cinema. However, it would be an exaggeration to say
that cinema does not have any negative impact at all.
Statement 2 is correct. Refer to these lines that talk about internet-based recommendation systems (technology):
“Nowadays, it is possible to find some attempts that combine the user’s daily subjective experience (e.g., affect,
values) and movie search, navigation, and recommendation, in an attempt to help emotion regulation and life
satisfaction.” Clearly, these emerging technologies claim to help in emotion regulation and life satisfaction. Hence,
we can safely infer that technology is penetrating deep enough to influence an individual’s emotions and life
satisfactions.

78 (d)
Assumption 1 is invalid. Terming cinema as the best medium to understand society would not be correct because
it is not stated in the passage. Also, there is no comparative analysis of the different mediums when it comes to
understanding the finer nuances of society. So, this assumption is not correct.
Assumption 2 is invalid. The lines “However, to reach their full potential, these systems ought to consider more
than the user’s previous choices, or demographics, and account for the user’s subjective experience, affective
states, and context.”, show that it is not only user’s previous choices or demographics which could enhance the
potential of internet-based recommendation systems, but affective states and context as well. So, this assumption is
clearly not correct.
79 (c)
Inference 1 is correct. The given inference is correct because of the lines “Construction in countries has
increasingly gravitated toward cities projected to become unbearably hot because of climate change. These trends
suggest a spatial misallocation of investments in buildings, with negative potential impacts on populations' future
health and safety.” Therefore, the construction in climate-affected cities poses a risk to the population's future
health and safety (not a sustainable plan).
Inference 2 is correct. The lines “In the face of intensifying …. and toward cities whose climate will be less affected
or may even improve. Since the 1960s, however, the opposite has occurred.”, show that despite climate change
threat in urban cities, the construction has still not slowed down in those cities. So, it is correct to infer that even
climate change has not discouraged construction in urban cities.
80 (b)
Option (a) is incorrect. There is no mention of greenery or a mix of greenery with buildings to reduce the impact
of climate change. This option is beyond the scope of the passage. So, this is not the crux of the passage.
Option (b) is correct. The given option is correct because of the following lines “Construction in countries has
increasingly gravitated toward cities projected to become unbearably hot because of climate change.” and
“…these construction patterns risk locking in urban development and, therefore, urban populations in suboptimal
locations that will be most affected by climate change.” Climate change and construction together pose a serious
risk to urban population. The given option captures the essence of the above lines. So, this is the best crux of the
passage.
Option (c) is incorrect. Mitigation of climate change is not the central discussion of the passage. The role of
government concerning mitigation is not discussed in the passage. So, this is not the crux of the passage. The author
limits the scope of the passage to the hurdles posed by climate change and construction in urban areas.
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage nowhere discusses the rate of climate change. Also, how this rate will affect
the cities with less construction is not clear from the information given in the passage. So, this is not the crux of the
passage.
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VISIONIAS

Test Booklet Series

CSAT ABHYAAS TEST – 1 (4254) – 2023

3. You have to enter your Roll Number on the Test Booklet in

1 DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

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decide which of the given conclusions (a) GKPVFQ

(b) South (d) 46.5

18. Study the diagram given below.

21. A earns 25% more than B. C earns 25% more

than A. A earns 20% more than D. E earns

20% more than A. Each of A, B, C, D, and E

earns an integral amount less than Rs. 100.

What is the total amount earned by all five of

them put together?

Rajasthan. The objective of ‘Habitat Improvement and (b) 2 only

Conservation Breeding of Great Indian Bustard-an (c) Both 1 and 2

integrated approach is to build the captive population (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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translations. That is misguided criticism. 2. India is witnessing a great internal

able to choose what’s best for them. (d) 84 days

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10 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

38. A watch reads 4:30. If the minute hand points

39. Consider the following series:

(a) Statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer

(a) 19 sufficient to answer the question.

consumers have become accustomed to using the (b) 2 and 3 only

internet as means to inform themselves about products (c) 1 and 2 only

or services and other information in general. It has (d) 3 only

become ever so important for the companies of the 21st

whether it is social interaction or shopping. (a) 31

on 5th April at 6 A.M., it still would have (d) Data inadequate

can be dispensed with?

left with one box. If he packs 7 boxes per (c) IV only

strike with a probability of 0.8. A is to take the

will win the duel?

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Select the correct answer from the code given

63. A man owns a semicircular plot of land of

end of two years is Rs. 880. Compute the

(d) None of the above (a) 43/55

80. Which one of the following statements best

Copyright © by Vision IAS

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When divided by x – 1, f(x) leaves a remainder of 4.

When divided by x + 1, f(x) leaves a remainder of 3.

Adding equations (1) and (2), we get:

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What must be the total weight of all the students?

So, maximum average weight of the whole class = (180 + 40)/5 = 44 kg

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Therefore, both conclusions I and II follow.

Thus, the missing term would be ZKW.

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Clearly, Gopal is finally walking in the North direction.

Initial position of Monika has been shown below:

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Interior angle of a regular polygon = (n - 2) × 180/n

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Using the Alligation method, we get: