Computer HW and SW Record

FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS), TIRUNELVELI
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND BUSINESS

SYSTEMS
LABORATORY MANUAL
21CS2312-COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE TOOLS
LABORATORY (COMPUTER WORKSHOP)
2021 – 2022 / EVEN SEMESTER

REGISTER NUMBER :
NAME OF THE STUDENT :
BRANCH : COMPUTER SCIENCE AND BUSINESS
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
BATCH : 2021 – 2025 BATCH
21CS2312-COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE LABORATORYPage 1

YEAR / SEMESTER : I YEAR / II SEMESTER
FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(AUTONOMOUS), TIRUNELVELI-627003
ROLL NO……………………….
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this is a bonafide record of work done by

Selvan/Selvi………..………………………………………………...with
Reg.No………………………………………. of II semester in COMPUTER
SCIENCE AND BUSINESS SYSTEMS ENGINEERING Branch of this
institution in the 21CS2312 - COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
TOOLS LABORATORY (COMPUTER WORKSHOP) during 2020-2021.
Staff-in charge H.O.D
Submitted for the Practical Examination held on…………………

Internal Examiner External Examiner
INDEX
PAGE
EX.NO DATE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT MARKS SIGN
NO
1(a) Study of Desktop Computer, Mother Board and Its

Interfacing Components
Familiarize the Computer System Layout:

1(b)
Marking Positions of Smps, Motherboard, FDD,
HDD, CD, DVD And Add On Cards
2 Configure Bios Setup Program and Troubleshoot

the Typical Problems using Bios Utility
3
To Install Hard Disk And Configure to the PC’s
4(a)
Printer Installation and Servicing , Troubleshoot
Install and Configure Scanner, Web Cam, Cell

4(b)
Phone and Bio- Metric Device with System and
Troubleshoot the problems
5 Assemble a System with Add On Cards and Check

the Working Condition of the System

6(a)
Install and Configure Dual OS Installation
6(b) Install and Configure Dual OS Installation using

Virtual Machine
7(a)
Recovering the Root File System after Corruption
7(b) Create a FAT32 Formatted Partition on a Disk in

Windows 7, and convert the Partition to NTFS
8
Remote Desktop Connections and File Sharing
9
Study of Basic Network Commands
10(a)
Creating an Advertisement Page in MS-Word
10(b)
Mail Merge using MS-Word
11
Creating a Pay Details Report using MS-Excel
12
Creating a Bar Chart
13 Creating a Macro to Create a Line Chart
using Data in Work Sheet
14 Make a Presentation and apply various effects

using MS-PowerPoint

15
Creating a Database using MS-Access
Ex. No. 1(a) STUDY OF DESKTOP COMPUTER, MOTHER BOARD
AND ITS INTERFACING COMPONENTS
Date:
Aim: To identify the front panel indicators and switches and rear side connector in a computer system.
Components/Tools:
Computer with front, real panel connection, CD drive, USB, audio,
Procedure:
Tower Case:
Hard Drive Activity LED:

LED provides visual indication that data is being read from or written to the hard drive.
Reset Switch:
Supporting the reset function requires a momentary-contact switch that is normally open.
When the switch is closed, the board resets and runs POST.
Power Switch:
Supporting the power on/off function requires a momentary-contact switch that is normally open. The
switch should maintain contact for at least 50 ms to signal the power supply to switch on or off.
Drive bays:
Drive bays are most commonly used to store disk drives, although they can also be used for front-end
USB ports, I/O bays, card readers, fans, tool storage, and other uses. 3.5" - 3.5" bays, their actual
dimensions are 4" wide by 1" high. Those with an opening in the front of the case are generally used for
floppy or Zip drives
Front Side Connectors:
USB Connectors:

USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a way of setting up communication between a computer and peripheral
devices. USB is intended to replace many varieties of serial and parallel ports.
USB can connect computer peripherals such as mice, keyboards, PDAs, gamepads and joysticks,
scanners, digital cameras, printers, personal media players, flash drives, and external hard drives.
Card Reader:
● Card reader" is used to reads flash memory cards. It can be a standalone device that
connects to a computer via USB or it may be integrated into a computer, printer, or

multifunction device
● Most card readers accept multiple memory card formats, including compact flash (CF),
secure digital (SD), and Sony's Memory Stick.
Audio Jack:
A socket for plugging in an audio source, Audio jacks are found on many types of audio equipment and
musical instruments that accept external sound sources.
Rear Side Connectors:

PS/2 Port:
The PS/2 standard, introduced by IBM in 1987, stands for Personal System/2. A PS/2 port is an
electronic receptacle or plug found on computers. It accepts a PS/2 cable with a mini- DIN connector,
and is most often used to plug in a keyboard or mouse.
The connector is small with a diameter of about 1/3 inch (9.5mm). It features a metal sleeve that is
notched to ensure proper alignment when inserting it into the PS/2 port. This protects the circular pins
inside the DIN connector from becoming bent.
Parallel Port:
This interface is found on the back of older PCs and is used for connecting external devices such as
printers or a scanner. It uses a 25-pin connector (DB-25). The latest parallel port standard, which
supports the same connectors, is called the Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP).
Serial Port:
The serial port is used for peripherals such as mice, gaming controllers, modems, and older printers. It
is sometimes called a COM port or an RS-232 port.

Result:
Thus the front panel indicators and switches and rear side connectors in a pc are identified.
Ex No: 1(b)
FAMILIARIZE THE COMPUTER SYSTEM LAYOUT: MARKING POSITIONS OF SMPS,

MOTHERBOARD, FDD, HDD, CD, DVD AND ADD ON CARDS.
Date:
Aim:
To familiarize a computer system layout and mark the positions of SMPS, Motherboard, FDD, HDD,
CD / DVD drive and add on cards.
Components/Tools:
SMPS, Motherboard, FDD, HDD, CD / DVD drive, processor, PATA/SATA Cables, different types of
RAM, and add on cards.

Procedure: Motherboard:
The motherboard has been an integral part of most personal computers. The motherboard is a common
circuit board. Each circuit card performs a unique function in the computer and gets its power from the
socket.
CPU:
The CPU, or processor, is the heart of your computer no matter what type (PC, Server,and Laptop).
There are many brands for processors such as Intel and Athlon all with different processors for your
computer.

RAM:
Random Access Memory (RAM) is the form of memory contained in most computers.When an
application is running it stores its information in the RAM. When you close the application the
information is deleted from the RAM.
Hard- Disk Drive:

A hard drive stores all your files and information in a permanent form unlike storing it in RAM (which
is temporary). The larger your hard disk (drive) the more information and files you're able to store.

CD-Rom:The CD-Rom is reads CD's. CD-Rom completely stands for Compact Disk Read Only
Memory. CD's have much more data than a floppy disk. Using CD-RW you can make your own CD's
and use them more like a floppy disk.
DVD-Rom:
DVD-ROM is a digital optical disc storage format. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than compact
discs while having the same dimensions. Blank recordable DVD discs (DVD-R and DVD+R) can be
recorded once, Rewritable DVDs (DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD-RAM) can be recorded and erased
multipletimes.
Floppy Drive:
A floppy drive reads the popular floppy disk. Floppy disk is easy to use, rewritable, compact, and great
for storing information. The floppy drive is simple and allows you to read, write to, and write over
information stored on a floppy disk.

Power Supply:
The power supply is usually a small metal box in the top corner of a case (tower). You can see the
power supply as below diagrams.
Access Slots:
Access slots or expansion slots are openings in a computer where a circuit board can be inserted to add
new capabilities to the computer. Examples of drives that may go here would be modems; USB drives,
networking cards, video adapters, and sound cards.

Result:
Thus the computer system layout in SMPS, Motherboard, FDD, HDD, CD, DVD and addon cards of
the pc’s are identified.
Ex. No. 2 CONFIGURE BIOS SETUP PROGRAM AND TROUBLESHOOT
THE TYPICAL PROBLEMS USING BIOS UTILITY.

Date:
Aim:
To configure BIOS setup program and troubleshoot the typical problems using BIOS utility.

Components/Tools :
SMPS, Motherboard, FDD, HDD, CD / DVD drive, processor, PATA/SATA Cables, different
types of RAM, and add on cards
Procedure:
BIOS Setup:
The BIOS Setup utility reports system information and can be used to configure the server
BIOS settings. BIOS have a Setup utility stored in the BIOS flash memory. The configured data is
stored in the system's battery-backed CMOSRAM.
To access BIOS configuration screens and to change the system’s parameters complete the following
steps:
1. Power on or power cycle theserver.
2. To enter the BIOS Setup utility, press the F2 key while the system is performing the power-on
self-test(POST)
3. Press F2 to Run SetupPrompt
4. When BIOS is started, the main BIOS Setup utility top-level screen appears. This screen
provides seven menu options across the top of thescreen.
5. Use the left and right arrow keys to select the different menuoptions
6. To select an option on a top-level screen, use the up and down arrow keys to scroll up and down
the optionspresented.
7. Only options that can be modified are highlighted when you press the up and down arrowkeys.
8. If a field can be modified, as you select the option, user instructions for modifying the option
appear in the right column of thescreen.
9. If a field is a link to a sub-screen, instructions to press the Enter key to access the sub screen
appear in the rightcolumn.
10. Modify the setup field and press the Esc key to save the changes and exit the screen. Some
screens present a confirmation dialog box that enables unwanted changes to be retracted.
11. On sub-screens that only provide configuration information and cannot be modified, press the
Esc key to exit thescreen.
12. To continue modifying other setup parameters, repeat Step 3 through Step 6. Otherwise, go to
Step8
13. Press and release the right arrow key until the Exit menu screenappears.
14. Follow the instructions on the Exit menu screen to save or discard your changes and exit the
BIOS Setuputility.
15. BIOS Setup Screens Overview: ScreenDescription
BIOS Setup Utility Menu Screens :

The BIOS Main screens provide general product information, including BIOS, processor, system
memory, and system time/date.
BIOS Setup Utility: Main

Advanced Setting:
Exit - Save Configuration Changes and Exit Confirmation:

BIOS Power-On Self-Test (POST) Events
At system startup, the BIOS perform a power-on self-test that checks the hardware on your
server to ensure that all components are present and functioning properly.
Result:
Thus the bios setup program and troubleshoot the typical problems using BIOS utility of the
pc’s are identified.
Ex. No. 3 TO INSTALL HARD DISK AND CONFIGURE TO THE PC’S
Date:
Aim:
To (A). Install Hard Disk (B). Identify Master /Slave / IDE Devices (C). Configure CMOS- Setup (D).
Partition and Format Hard Disk. (E). Practice with scan disk, disk cleanup, disk De- fragment, Virus
Detecting and Rectifying Software.
Components/Tools:
Hard disk, Computer running windows7, Active sync utility, Avastanti virus installation kit
Procedure:
(A) Install Hard Disk: How to Install a Hard Drive:
Steps :
● Unplug your computer and switch off the power supply.
● Locate the hard drive bay on the front of the computer. Put the hard drive in the hard drive bay
and line up the screw. Secure the hard drive into the hard drive bay with screws.

● Find the cables that came with your hard drive. Match the connectors on the back of the
hard drive to the cables and attach them. Find the corresponding connectors on the
motherboard and plug themin.
● Set the drive jumper to the master setting if you are installing an IDE drive. Look on the
hard drive or in the manual that came with your hard drive for the jumper settings. Use a
pair of needle nose pliers to adjust the jumper to the propersetting.
● Put the side panel back on the computer and secure it with the screws. Plug the computer
back in and flip the power supply switch back to"On."
(B) Identify Master /Slave / IDE Devices :

How to Set Jumpers for Your Computer’s IDEDrive:
SATA drives each have their own cable that connects to the computer’s motherboard. IDE drives
share a single cable. When two drives share one cable, you give them different names. IDE drives,
those names are “Master” and“Slave.”

1. Find the drive’s Master/Slave identification chart usually printed in black on a sticker
attached to yourdrive.
2. If your drive doesn’t have a sticker, visit the drive manufacturer’s Web site and downloads
the pinsettings.
3. Locate the drive’s Master/Slavepins.
These both live near where the data and power cables plug into the drive. You’ll find six or
more pins, but they’re always set in pairs like the ones in thephoto.
4. With a pair of tweezers or needle-nose pliers, place the jumper (a little plastic thingy)
across the correct pair of pins, either Master orSlave.
(C).Configure CMOS-Setup:
Procedure:
● Go into your BIOS. Press F10 or DEL atstartup.
▪ Advancedsettings
▪ Go to "auto detects harddrives."
▪ Ensure that it detects your new harddrive.

If it doesn't detect the drive, go back and make sure the cables are inserted tightly.
(D). Partition and Format Hard Disk: Create and format a hard disk partition:
You must be logged on as an administrator to perform these steps.
To create a partition or on a hard disk, there must be either unallocated (empty) space on the hard disk
or free space within an extended partition on the hard disk.
If there is no unallocated space, you can create some by shrinking an existing partition, deleting a
partition, or by using a third-party partitioning program.
To create and format a partition (volume):

Open Computer Management by clicking the Start button, clicking Control Panel, clicking System and
Maintenance, clicking Administrative Tools, and then double-clicking ComputerManagement.
1. In the Navigation pane, under Storage, click DiskManagement.

2. Right-click an unallocated region on your hard disk, and then click New SimpleVolume.
3. In the New Simple Volume Wizard, clickNext.
4. Type the size of the volume you want to create in megabytes (MB) or accept the maximum
default size, and then clickNext.
5. On the Assign Drive Letter Or Path page, specify whether you want to assign a drive letter
or path and then click Next. The available options are as follows.

Assign The Following Drive Letter Select an available drive letter in the selection list provided. By
default, Windows 7 selects the lowest available drive letter and excludes reserved drive letters as well
as those assigned to local disks or network drives.
Mount In The Following Empty NTFS Folder Choose this option to mount the partition in an empty
NTFS folder. You must then type the path to an existing folder or click Browse to search for or create a
folder touse.
Do Not Assign A Drive Letter Or Drive Path Choose this option if you want to create the partition
without assigning a drive letter or path. Later, if you want the partition to be available for storage, you
can assign a drive letter or path at that time.
6. Use the Format Partition page to determine whether and how the volume should be formatted. If
you want to format the volume, choose Format This Volume With The Following Settings, and
then configure the following.
● File System Sets the file system type as FAT, FAT32, or NTFS. NTFS is selected by default in
most cases. If you create a file system as FAT or FAT32, you can later convert it to NTFS by
using the Convert utility. You can’t, however, convert NTFS partitions to FAT orFAT32.
● Allocation Unit Size Sets the cluster size for the file system. This is the basic unit in which disk
space is allocated. The default allocation unit size is based on the size of the volume and, by
default, is set dynamically prior to formatting. To override this feature, you can set the
allocation unit size to a specific value. If you use many small files, you might want to use a
smaller cluster size, such as 512 or 1,024 bytes. With these settings, small files use less disk
space.

● Volume Label Sets a text label for the partition. This label is the partition’s volume name and by
default is set to New Volume. You can change the volume label at any time by right-clicking the
volume in Windows Explorer, choosing Properties, and typing a new value in the Label field
provided on the Generaltab.
● Perform A Quick Format Tells Windows 7 to format without checking the partition for errors.
With large partitions, this option can save you a few minutes. However, it’s usually better to
check for errors, which enables Disk Management to mark bad sectors on the disk and lock
themout.
● Enable File And Folder Compression Turns on compression for the disk. Built-in compression
is available only for NTFS. Under NTFS, compression is transparent to users and compressed
files can be accessed just like regular files. If you select this option, files and directories on this
drive are compressedautomatically.
● Click Next, confirm your options, and then clickFinish.
To format an existing partition (volume):
● Formatting a volume will destroy any data on the partition. Be sure to make backups of any data
you want to save before youbegin.
● You cannot format a disk or partition that is currently in use, including the partition that
contains Windows.
● Quick format is a formatting option that creates a new file table but does not fully overwrite or
erase the volume.
1. Open Computer Management by clicking the Start button , clicking Control Panel, clicking
System and Maintenance, clicking Administrative Tools, and then double-clickingComputer
Management. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the
password or provide confirmation.
2. In the Navigation pane, under Storage, click DiskManagement.
3. Right-click the volume that you want to format, and then clickFormat.
4. To format the volume with the default settings, in the Format dialog box, click OK, and then
click OKagain.
(E). Practice with scan disk, disk cleanup, disk De-fragment, Virus Detecting and Rectifying
Software.
Procedure:
Using Scandisk and Disk Defragmenter:

Scandisk and Disk Defragmenter (Defrag) are two programs that when run in conjunction with each
other have the ability to detect and resolve many of the problems which can cause poor performance
and in more serious cases the loss of files.
Running Scandisk:
● Open My Computer > Right click on the drive > selectProperties
● Select tools tab and click checknow

● In the Check Disk <disk name>window, select the Automatically fix file system
errors checkbox
● Click Start
● If the drive that you want to check is currently in use and it is your system drive, you
will see a dialog box with a warning message. In this case, click Schedule diskcheck.
● Exit all open programs, and then restart your computer. The checking will start
automatically before next Windows startup and display the results whencompleted
● If you are not checking the system drive, you do not have to turn off the computer.
However, the selected drive may also be in use. In this case, you receive a message.
After you have saved all files and close all open programs, click Force adismount.
The checking starts immediately. After it is completed, the results will be displayed.
● If you run Scandisk monthly you need only check the "Thorough" box the first time you run
theprogram.
● Always be sure to check the "Automatically fix errors" radiobutton
Running Defragment:
Click the Start button. In the search box, type disk defragment, and then, in the list of results, click Disk
defragment
1. Under Current status, select the disk you want to defragment.
2. To determine if the disk needs to be defragmented or not, clickAnalyzedisk.If you are

prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or
provideconfirmation.
Once Windows is finished analyzing the disk, you can check the percentage of fragmentation
on the disk in the Last Run column. If the number is above 10%, you should defragment the
disk.
3. ClickDefragmentdisk.If you are prompted for an administrator passwordor confirmation, type

the password or provideconfirmation.
Disk Defragmenter might take from several minutes to a few hours to finish, depending on the size and
degree of fragmentation of your hard disk. You can still use your computer during the defragmentation
process.
Notes
● If the disk is already in exclusive use by another program, or if the disk is formatted using a file
system other than NTFS file system, FAT, or FAT32, it can't be defragmented.
● Network locations can't be defragmented.
● If a disk that you're expecting to see under Current status is not showing up there, it might be
because it contains an error. You should try to repair the disk first, then returnto Disk
Defragmenter to try again. See Check your hard disk for errors for more information.
Running Disk Cleanup:
Procedure:
1. Open Disk Cleanup by clicking the Start button , clicking All Programs, clicking Accessories,
clicking System Tools, and then clicking DiskCleanup.
2. Disk Cleanup will calculate the free space on your computer, which may take a few minutes.
3. After the calculation is complete, you should see a dialog box that looks similar to the
following: Confirm that only the following check boxes arechecked:
● Downloaded ProgramFiles

● Temporary Internet Files
● Recycle Bin
● TemporaryFiles
4. ClickOK.
5. You should see a dialog box that asks Are you sure you want to permanently delete these
files?
6. Click DeleteFiles.
7. Disk Cleanup will delete the files and closeautomatically.
Virus Detecting and Rectifying Software:

1. ClickStart.
2. Click All Programs >avastantivirus.
3. ClickScan.

Result
Thus Installation of Hard Disk, configure CMOS-Setup, partition and format Hard Disk
and Identify Master /Slave / IDE Devices are done successfully. Scan disks, disk cleanup, disk
De- fragment, Virus Detecting and Rectifying Software to the PC’s are executed successfully.
Ex. No. 4(a) PRINTER INSTALLATION SERVICING TROUBLESHOOT

Date:
Aim:
Printer Installation and Servicing: a) Head Cleaning in dot matrix printer b) Install and
configure Dot matrix printer and Laser printer c) Troubleshoot the above printers. d) Check and connect
the data cable connectivity
Components/Tools :
Computer with windows 7 OS, Dot matrix printer, Ink jet printer, Laser printer, Driver software’s,
Screwdrivers, printer head cleaning kit,
Procedure:
(a).Head Cleaning in dot matrix printer:
● Adjust the print headspacing.

● Check the tession on the print head positioning belt. use a non fibrous swap dipped in alcohol to
clean theprint.
● Clean the printer roller surface.
● Clean the gear train of the paper handling motor.
● Apply light oil torails.
● Move the carriage assembly to distribute theoil.
(b).Install and configure Dot matrix printer and Laser printer:

(i) To Install and configure Dot matrixprinter:
Procedure Method 1
1. Every printer should come with the software used to install a printer in Windows or your
operatingsystem.
2. After everything has been plugged in turn the computeron.
3. Insert the CD that came with the printer. If the CD does not automatically start, open My
Computer, double-click on the CD drive, and then click the Setup or Install file. If you have
downloaded the drivers, run the downloaded setupfile.
4. Follow the installation wizard and once completed your software isinstalled.
5. Test the printer to make sure it isworking.
Method 2 :
● Connect the power cable to printer. Connect data cable of the printer tocomputer
● Go to Start > Device and Printers and
click “addprinter”

● Select local printer and clicknext
● On the Choose a printer port page, make sure that the Use an existing port button and the
recommended printer port are selected, and then clickNext.

● Select the Manufacture and model and click next button. if the model is not in the list, click
“have disk” button and in browse window locate thedriver
● If there is an existing driver that you want to replace select it and clicknext

● Type printer name and clicknext
● Computer will installdriver
● if windows ask to share the printer click “do not share printer” and click next. Otherwise select
share this printer and provide “share name”, commentetc

● If you want to set this printer as default select the check box and clickfinish
● Then, follow the instructions on the computerscreen.
● After installation restart the system and check theprinter.

(ii) To Install and configure Laserprinter:
● Connect the power cable to printer. Connect data cable of the printer tocomputer
● Go to Start > Device and Printers and click “addprinter”
● Select local printer and clicknext

● On the Choose a printer port page, make sure that the Use an existing port button and the
recommended printer port are selected, and then clickNext.

● Select the Manufacture and model and click next button. if the model is
notinthelist,click“havedisk”buttonandinbrowsewindowlocatethedriver
● If there is an existing driver that you want to replace select it and clicknext

● Type printer name and clicknext
● Computer will installdriver
● If windows ask to share the printer click “do not share printer” and click next. Otherwise select

share this printer and provide “share name”, commentetc.
● If you want to set this printer as default select the check box and clickfinish

● Then, follow the instructions on the computer screen.
● After installation restart the system and check theprinter.
(c).Troubleshoot the Dot-matrix/ink jet/ laser jet printers Common problems

o Printer does notfunction
o The printer does not print during selftest.
o Printer not ready error messagedisplayed.
o Carriage does notmove.
o Paper empty-notsensing.
o No ribbonfeed.
o Head pins problem and coils check.
General Trouble shooting methods
● If the computer printer does not turn on, make sure power is on at the outlet, then check to be
sure that all cable connections are secure. Check theelectrical cord. Also make sure that the
cover is closedproperly.
● If the printer turns on but does not print, or print is distorted, check software configurations.
Then turn the printer off, wait a few seconds to clear the memory and turn it back on. If
necessary, reboot thecomputer.
● If the unit still doesn’t print or print is distorted, check for a loose belt (dot-matrix only) and
tighten, and remove and clean the printhead (dot matrix and ink-jet printers only). If necessary,
install a new factory-authorizedhead.
● You also can run a self-test following instructions in the computer printer owner’s manual. If
the test fails to identify the problem, contact a servicecenter.
● If the print on the page is smeared or streaked, clean all rollers, platen, and rails (dot matrix or
ink-jet printers) or clean the print head or print cartridge and the corona wire of a laser printer. If
the wire is broken you’ll need to have it replaced by aprofessional.
● Reboot your computer. This generally solves most printingproblems.
● Print a test page. If that prints and the application you are using doesn't, you probably will need
to contact the application's vendor forsupport.
● Try reinstalling the printerdriver
● Offline : Press the Go or Online button. If this does not change the printer display to Online:
Power the printer off for 1 minute and then turn it backon.
● Paper Jam : Open the doors and remove any paper, being careful not to tear it and lose pieces
inside. Paper may also be lodged under the toner cartridge so you may have to pull it out. Ifyou
● believe you have removed the paper but the display still says Paper Jam, power the printeroff
● for 1 minute and turn it back on. If the jam is severe, contact the printer vendor for their
expertise to rectify theproblem.
● Processing Job : If the printer displays Processing Job but nothing is printing the job may just be
really large and taking a while to print. If it has not printed after 5 minutes, press the Cancel Job
button on the printer. If the job will not cancel, power the printer off for 1 minute and turn it
backon.
IO or Other Error :MostIO errors will be cleared by powering the printer off for 1 minute and
turning it back on. You may also need to check to make sure the net work cable
(d).Check and connect the data cable connectivity:
● See whether the cables are inserted fully into the printer port and computerport.
● Check for any bent pins in the printer connector. If bent pins present straightenit.
● Check the type of the cable to be used USB cables should not be longer than 15feet.
● Check the continuity of the cable using multimeter.

Result:
Thus Installation, Configuration and trouble shooting of printers done successfully.
Ex. No. 4b INSTALL AND CONFIGURE SCANNER, WEB CAM, CELL PHONE
AND BIO- METRIC DEVICE WITH SYSTEM AND TROUBLESHOOT
THE PROBLEMS
Date:
Aim:
To Install and configure Scanner, Web cam, Cell phone and bio-metric device with system in a
computer system.
Components / tools
Computer with windows 7 OS, scanner, web camera, cell phone, bio metric device, Device driver
software for the above mentioned items.
Procedure:
Plug and Play installation:

1. Plug your web camera or scanner into your computer.
2. If your camera is Plug and Play,the Scanner and Camera Wizard starts.
-or-
3. Double-click Add Device.

Pa
4. Follow the instructions on your screen.
To Install and configure Scanner
● To open Scanners and Cameras, click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Scanner and
Cameras.
● It displays already installed scanner. Select “add device” and click next in the next
● Select the manufacture and model if it available. Otherwise select “Have disk”

● The next window ask the driver i.e manufactures installation disk. Click browse
● Locate the driver file and click open. Then it will install the driver for the scanner
Notes
● If you have a Plug and Play camera, Windows detects it and installs it automatically.
● If your camera or scanner is not Plug_and_play, follow the installation instructions that
came with the device.
● If your camera or scanner is not listed in the Scanner and Camera Installation Wizard, try
to install it using Device Manager.
Plug and Play installation for we camera / cell phone:
1. After everything has been plugged in turn the computer on.

2. Insert the CD that came with the web camera / cell phone.
3. If the CD does not automatically start, open My Computer, double-click on the CD
drive, and then click the Setup or Install file. If you have downloaded the drivers, run the
downloaded setup file.
4. Follow the installation wizard and once completed your software is installed.
5. Test the web camera / cell phone to make sure it is working.
Cell phone installation in windows xp
● Open Windows Explorer on your PC (usually Start / All Programs / Accessories /

Windows Explorer )
● Connect your phone to your PC
● In XP: After ActiveSync shows it is connected, click on the "Explore" button on

ActiveSync on your PC
● In the ActiveSync Explorer or the Windows Mobile Device Center Explorer window you
just opened on your PC, browse to the folder on your phone you want to copy the file to.
In WinXP: The window will usually open in your phone's My Documents folder in
WinXP ActiveSync. In order to browse anywhere else, you will have go up one level by
double clicking on "My Windows Mobile Based Device" and then browse to any folder
on your phone or select Memory Card and browse to any folder there. Now in Windows
Explorer on your PC find the file that you want to copy to your phone.
● To copy the file to your phone, simply drag the file from Windows Explorer to the the
window of the ActiveSync Explorer or Windows Mobile Device Center Explorer
window.
● Select the manufacture and model if it available. Otherwise select “Have disk”
Bio-metric device
Procedure:
● Plug the U.are.U 4500 fingerprint reader into your computer and install it with the driver
install.
● Check in Device Manager if the fingerprint reader is installed with Digital Persona driver.

● Install Fingerprint SDK software. Restart your computer
● Run the Demo program located in the bin folder where the SDK was installed.

● Place your finger on the reader and see it in action.
Result:
Thus the Installations and configuration of Scanner, Web cam, Cell phone and bio-metric
device to the PC are done successfully.
Ex. No. 5 ASSEMBLE A SYSTEM WITH ADD ON CARDS AND CHECK
THE WORKING CONDITION OF THE SYSTEM AND INSTALL OS.
Date:
Aim:
To Assemble a system with add on cards and check the working condition of the system and
install OS.
Components / tools:
Motherboard, processor ,heat sink, cpu cooling fan, RAM, HDD, CD/DVD drive, SMPS,
connecting cables, Computer case, screws driver set. (All the items must be compatible to
assemble the computer). The example shows the assembling of a typical computer.
Procedure:
● Prepare the Mainboard (motherboard).
● Mount the CPU in the socket of the Mainboard. You must choose the correct CPU for
your motherboard, and install it according to it's instructions. Be careful not to install the CPU in
wrong. Not only would your computer not work, it could short-circuit and damage your
motherboard. Connect the CPU cooler to the Main board.

● Attach the RAM(memory) modules in the corresponding slots. The motherboard should
have rows of lots that have 2 or 3 sections that are different lengths. Make sure the pins
on the RAM cards line up with the pins on the motherboard connector. Don't get the
RAM slots mixed up with PCI slots. The PCI slots are usually wider.
● Open the case and mount the power supply which is M-ATX type. Make sure to connect
all the connections to the drives and the motherboard.

● Attach the Mainboard back plate to the case and check the Mainboard mounting
positions. The motherboard's instructions should tell the position of the motherboard.

● Suitably position the Mainboard in the case.
● Mount the Hard disk and connect it to the power supply and the motherboard. There
should be separate connections for the power supply and the motherboard. In SATA
Hard disk case, should remove the jumper.

● Connect the SATA connectors to the drives and the USB connectors and the case
switches to the motherboard. The case and motherboard's instructions should tell where
to connect the cables.
● Connect the 20 or 24 pin ATX connector and the 4-pin power supply control connector
to the motherboard.

● Mount the DVD-ROM drive. After connecting the ATA cable to the device, hook it up to
the power supply. Installing a Graphics Card (Add-on):
● Remove the back panel covers that line up with the PCI-E slot. Almost all modern
graphics cards use PCI-E. Some will require you to remove two of the protective plates as
opposed to just one. You may have to punch the plates out of the case.
● Insert the graphics card. You may have to bend a tab on the slot to allow the graphics
card to be inserted. The tab will help lock the graphics card in place (this is more
important for bulkier, high-end cards). Apply light, even force until the card is seated
uniformly, and the back panel lines up.

● Secure the card. Once you have inserted the card, use a screw to secure it to the back
panel of the case. If you don’t secure your card, you could end up damaging it in the long
run.
● Install any other PCI cards. If you have any other PCI cards that you are add, such as a
dedicated sound card, the installation process is the same as the video card process.
● Finally, Close the cabinet case.
Select a compatible operating system and to install.
Final Check:
Mother board jumper configurations are the settings for the processor operator.
1. Drive jumper settings, master/ slave correct?
2. Are the processor, RAM modules and plug in cards finally seated in there sockets?
3. Did you plug all the cables in? Do they all fit really?
4. Have you frightened all the screws in plug- in cards or fitted the clips?
5. Are the drive secure?
6. Have you connected the power cables to all driver?
Result:

Thus assemble PC with add on cards and check the working condition of the system
successfully.
Ex. No. 6 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE DUAL OS INSTALLATION
Date:
Aim
To install and configure a Dual OS installation in a computer system.
Components / tools
Computer, Windows 7and Xubuntu installation discs.
Procedure
Ensure that your computer meets or exceeds the minimum system requirements to run Windows 7
and Xubuntu Linux:
A. Install Windows 7
Minimum requirements
● 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor*
● 1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GB RAM (64-bit)
● 16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit)
● DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver
● Super VGA 800x600 Display Adapter
● CD or DVD-ROM
● Keyboard and mouse, or other pointing devices
● Network Interface Adapter required for Internet and Network Connectivity
● Ensure you have a Windows 7 Product Key. It is printed on a sticker on your software
package. It is a string of 5 groups of characters (each 5 long), separated by dashes,
resulting in 25 characters in all.
● It looks like this: HHHCF-WCF9P-M3YCC-RXDXH-FC3C6.

● When the software has almost finished installing, you will be asked for it. You need the
product key to complete installing Windows.
Steps installing windows 7

● Before inserting the CD, you'll have to enter bios (in most cases by pressing DEL on
system startup) and select your primary boot device CD-ROM Insert the Windows XP
Installation Disc and start your computer. When prompted to "Press any key to boot
from CD," press a key on the keyboard.

● The installation program will check your hardware, install default-set drivers, and load
files necessary for installation. When arriving at the "Welcome to Setup" screen, Press
ENTER to begin the installation process.
● Now you will get the Windows Setup Window. This is the part to select Language for
your windows. Select ‘English’ and click Next. Also there will be a ‘INSTALL NOW’
button. Click on it and proceed to next step.

● Select language, country and keyboard and click next
● Click install now

● Accept the license agreement by checking the check box. And click Next button.
● If you want to upgrade already existing Operating system select Upgrade. Click Custom
option now.

● This is the important step. Here we can partition the hard disk and format the drive. If
there is no partition in the hard disk, the window will be shown in right side. Click drive
options to create/delete/for make partitions
● Create drives as required and select the drive you want to install Windows 7 and click
next

● The installation process will start and take few minutes.
● Provide user name

● Provide the Product key. And click next
● The computer will restart and will boot with the new OS

(B) . Install Xubuntu
Step 1: Create a live Xubuntu USB or disk if it is not available
Download and create a live USB or DVD. In Windows, you can use tools like “universal USB
installer “ to create a live Xubuntu USB
Step 2: Boot in to live USB
Plug the live USB or disk in to the computer and restart the computer. While booting the
computer press F10 or F12 function key (defers from computer to computer) to go to the boot
menu. Now, choose the option to boot from USB or CD/DVD.

Step 3: Start the installation
It will take some time to boot in to the live USB or disk. Once booted, you will be immediately
provided with option to either try XUbuntu or install XUbuntu. Even if you choose to try, you
can find the option to install on the desktop:
First few screens are pretty straight forward. Just choose press continue:

Step 4: Prepare the partition
This is the most important part of the whole dual boot installation. Where to install Xubuntu?
Windows is already installed here, so, we’ll prepare a new partition for Xubuntu. In the
Installation Type window, choose Something Else:

As you can see, it has 3 NTFS and some ext4 partitions.One of the NTFS partition consists of
Windows installation. This should be untouched if you want to keep your Windows installation
safe.
If there is no “free space”, you need to delete a NTFS or existing ext4 partition and create some
free space. This will delete all the data in that partition
Click on the desired partition and press the – to delete the partition.

Step 5: Create root, swap and home
Once you have some free space on your hard drive, its time to install Ubuntu on it. Now, there
are several ways to do it. We have to create minimum a Root, a Swap and a Home partition.
Create a root partition first. Choose the free space available and click on +.

Here, choose the size of root directory, choose ext4file system, and mount point as / (i.e. root):
Next step is to create swap partition
It is advised by many that Swap should be double of your system’s RAM size. You can choose the
swap size accordingly

The next step is to create Home. Try to allocate the maximum size to Home because this is
where you’ll be downloading and keeping the files

Once you have created Root, Swap and Home partitions, click on Install Now button.
Step 6: Follow the trivial instructions
If you successfully created the partitions as mentioned above, you will be taken through a
number of screens to select options like keyboard layout, login credentials etc.

Once the installation is over, you will be presented with the option to keep trying live version or to
restart the system.
On next boot, you will see the option of XUbuntu in the grub screen.
Result
Thus the Dual OS installation was done successfully.

Ex. No. 7(A) RECOVERING THE ROOT FILE SYSTEM AFTER CORRUPTION
DATE :
Aim
To recover the corrupted root filesystem and restore the root filesystem from backups
Components / tools
Computer, Windows 7and Xubuntu installation discs.
Procedure
To restore your root filesystem:
1. Shut the system off.

2. Insert your boot floppy (or a single boot/root floppy disk) in the floppy disk drive and
power up the system.
3. At the Boot: prompt, press <Enter>.
4. When prompted, insert the root floppy disk and press <Enter>.
5. The system creates a RAM disk and loads a rudimentary root filesystem into memory.
After you see the startup messages that list the devices configured into the kernel, the root
prompt (#) is displayed. Enter this command:
fsck /dev/hd0root
If fsck appears to be successful, shut down the system with haltsys(ADM) and try
booting from the hard disk again by pressing <Enter> at the Boot: prompt. If the check
fails, continue with the next step.
6. Enter this command to reconfigure your root disk from scratch:
mkdev hd
NOTE: You may see a few error messages like these:
/usr/lib/mkdev/hd: uniq: not found

mv: cannot access /tmp/DKINIT21: No such file or directory (error 2)
These are a consequence of operating from the limited RAM disk file system and can be
ignored.

This runs all the programs necessary to initialize your disk as described in ``Installing a
hard disk'', including:
o setting disk parameters with dkinit(ADM) if necessary; this is skipped for SCSI
disks
o partitioning the disk with fdisk(ADM). If you had multiple partitions, you should
use the information you recorded as described in ``Recording your root disk
layout''. If only the root filesystem is corrupted, it is not necessary to repartition
the drive and you can simply quit out of fdisk.
o mapping bad blocks or sectors with badtrk(ADM). You can choose quick or
thorough and destructive or non-destructive scans. If you destructively scan the
disk, you will overwrite the boot sectors of the drive -- see ``System fails to boot
or displays ``NO OS'' message'' for more information.
o recreating the filesystems and swap space with divvy(ADM). Use the information
you recorded in ``Recording your root disk layout''. If you want to change the
sizes, ensure they are at least as large as before.
If the hard disk or filesystem information is still valid, you do not need to recreate it. For
example, if your hard disk still has a valid badtrk table, you do not need to run
a badtrk scan. Intact filesystems will be preserved if possible.
7. Soon after you see the Making filesystems message, the root prompt is returned. Enter:
fsck /dev/hd0root
This cleans the root filesystem on the hard drive.
8. Enter:
mount /dev/hd0root /mnt
This mounts the root filesystem on the hard disk.
9. Insert the first volume of the root filesystem backup and restore the filesystem with the
following commands:
cd /mnt
cpio -ivmkBud -I/dev/xxx
where xxx is either rct0 (for a 1/4-inch cartridge tape) or rctmini (for a mini-cartridge
tape).

NOTE: If you see an error message like this when you attempt the restore:
NOTICE: HTFS: No space on dev ram (31/7)

cpio: cannot write /_BACKUP_CONTENTS_:...
...No Space left on device (error 28)
This means the files were written to the tape device using absolute instead of relative
pathnames. You are attempting to write to the root filesystem loaded onto the ramdisk instead of
the root filesystem on the hard drive. You must add the -A option to the cpio command line:
cpio -ivmkBudA -I/dev/xxx
This suppresses absolute pathnames on the files passed to cpio.
10. After the restore is complete, make sure there is a stand directory at the top of the root
filesystem. If there is not, create it with the following command:
mkdir stand
NOTE: If your system is un upgrade from a release prior to SCO OpenServer Release 5, you do
not have a boot filesystem (/stand) and you should not create it. You should also skip steps 12-
14.
11. Un mount and clean the newly restored file system with the following commands:
cd /
umount /dev/hd0root
fsck /dev/hd0root
You may see this message, which can be ignored:
umount: warning: /dev/filesystem was not in mount table
12. Check the boot filesystem (/stand):
fsck /dev/boot
13. Mount the filesystem and change directories:
mount /dev/boot /mnt

cd /mnt
14. Insert your backup tape of the boot filesystem and restore it using the same command you
used for the root filesystem. When the restore is complete, unmount the filesystem and
check it:
cd /
umount /mnt
fsck /dev/boot
15. Restart your system from the root disk. Power-cycle the computer and boot normally.
16. Restore any secondary filesystems using the Backup Manager. When this process is
complete, your system should be returned to its original state.
Result
Thus the corrupted root filesystem is recovered and restored the root filesystem from backups

Ex. No. 7(B) CREATE A FAT32 FORMATTED PARTITION ON A DISK IN
WINDOWS 7, AND CONVERT THE PARTITION TO NTFS
DATE :
AIM :
To Create a FAT32 formatted partition on a disk in Windows 7 and convert the partition to
NTFS
PROCEDURE:
There are three ways to break the 4GB file barrier and 2TB partition barrier of the FAT32 file
system. Two ways are possible to convert FAT32 to NTFS without losing data. One is using 1.
EaseUS free partition software, the other is using 2 CMD.
1. Convert FAT32 to NTFS via EaseUS Partition Master
EaseUS Partition Master is a software to convert FAT32 to NTFS without losing any data., It is a
comprehensive disk management tool that allows users to resize, copy, convert, explore, create,
delete and format partition. With this partition freeware, you can convert FAT32 to NTFS in
Windows 2000/XP/Vista/Windows 7/8/10 easily and safely. It also enables you to do other more
partition management operations like removing GPT disk partition, resize the NTFS partition
and partition external hard drive, etc. Follow the steps and convert to NTFS with the best
FAT32-to-NTFS Converter:
Step 1: Install and launch EaseUS Partition Master on your computer.

Step 2: Select a FAT32 partition, right-click on it and select "Convert to NTFS". If you need to
convert a storage device such as SD card or USB flash drive to NTFS, insert it into your PC first
and repeat the previous operation.
Step 3: Click "OK" on the pop-up dialog box to continue.

Step 4: Go to the upper left corner, click the "Execute 1 Operation" button and you will see the
operation details. Click "Apply" and "Finish" when the process completes.
2. Convert FAT32 to NTFS Using CMD in Windows XP and Windows Vista
As I have mentioned before, you can also convert FAT32 to NTFS without losing data using
command lines.
1. Convert FAT32 to NTFS in Windows XP
● Click "Start > Run".
● Enter "cmd" into the text field labeled "Open". Click "OK". Then, enter the command
below:
Click to copy

d: is the drive that you want to convert to NTFS.
2. Convert FAT32 to NTFS In Windows Vista
● Click the "Start" sphere.
● In the Start Menu search box, enter cmd and hit "Enter". Then, enter the command below:
Click to copy
d: is the drive letter that you want to convert to NTFS.

Result :
EaseUS FAT32 to NTFS converter is your best choice to convert to NTFS without losing data in
Windows XP or Vista. If you try other solutions, back up data in advance. Having a backup can
always do you a favor in data recovery.
Ex. No. 8 REMOTE DESKTOP CONNECTIONS AND FILE SHARING
DATE :
AIM:
To connect to another computer using Remote Desktop Connection and share a File
PROCEDURE:
With Remote Desktop Connection, you can connect to a computer running Windows from
another computer running Windows that's connected to the same network or to the Internet. For
example, you can use all of your work computer's programs, files, and network resources from
your home computer, and it's just like you're sitting in front of your computer at work.
To connect to a remote computer, that computer must be turned on, it must have a network
connection, Remote Desktop must be enabled, you must have network access to the remote
computer (this could be through the Internet), and you must have permission to connect. For
permission to connect, you must be on the list of users. Before you start a connection, it's a good
idea to look up the name of the computer you're connecting to and to make sure Remote Desktop
connections are allowed through its firewall.
If your user account doesn't require a password to sign in, you'll need to add a password before
you're allowed to start a connection with a remote computer.

TO ALLOW REMOTE CONNECTIONS ON THE COMPUTER YOU WANT TO CONNECT
TO
1. Open System by clicking the Start button , right-clicking Computer, and then
clicking Properties.
2. Click Remote settings.
If you're prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or
provide confirmation. Under Remote Desktop, select one of the three options.
3. Click Select Users.

If you're an administrator on the computer, your current user account will automatically be
added to the list of remote users and you can skip the next two steps.
4. In the Remote Desktop Users dialog box, click Add.
5. In the Select Users or Groups dialog box, do the following:
1. To specify the search location, click Locations, and then select the location you want
to search.
2. In Enter the object names to select, type the name of the user that you want to add,
and then click OK.
3. The name will be displayed in the list of users in the Remote Desktop Users
dialog box. Click OK, and then click OK again.
TO LOOK UP THE COMPUTER NAME OF THE REMOTE COMPUTER
1. On the remote computer, open System by clicking the Start button , right-
clicking Computer, and then clicking Properties.
2. Under Computer name, domain, and workgroup settings, you can find your computer
name, and its full computer name if your computer is on a domain.

TO ALLOW REMOTE DESKTOP CONNECTIONS THROUGH A WINDOWS FIREWALL
If you're having trouble connecting, Remote Desktop connections might be getting blocked by
the firewall. Here's how to change that setting on a Windows PC. If you're using another firewall,
make sure the port for Remote Desktop (usually 3389) is open.
1. On the remote computer, click Start and select Control Panel.
2. Click System and Security.
3. Click Allow a program through Windows Firewall under Windows Firewall.
4. Click Change settings and then check the box next to Remote Desktop.
5. Click OK to save the changes.
To set a password for your user account
Your user account must have a password before you can use Remote Desktop to connect to
another computer.
1. Click Start and select Control Panel.
2. Double-click User Accounts.
3. Select Change your Windows Password under User Accounts.
4. Click Create a password for your account and follow the instructions on the screen.
To start Remote Desktop on the computer you want to work from
1. Open Remote Desktop Connection by clicking the Start button . In the search box,
type Remote Desktop Connection, and then, in the list of results, click Remote Desktop
Connection.
2. In the Computer box, type the name of the computer that you want to connect to, and then
click Connect. (You can also type the IP address instead of the computer name.)

RESULT:
Thus the connection is established and file shared between Remote Desktop Connection
Ex. No. 9 STUDY THE BASIC NETWORK COMMANDS
DATE :
AIM:
To study the basic network commands (such as tracert, traceroute, ping, arp, netstat, nbstat,
NetBIOS, ipconfig, winipcfg and nslookup) and their arguments, options and parameters in
details including how they are used to troubleshoot the computer network.
SIMPLE COMMANDS:
Tracert: Determines the path taken to a destination by sending Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages to the destination with incrementally increasing Time
to Live (TTL) field values. The path displayed is the list of near-side router interfaces of the
routers in the path between a source host and a destination. The near-side interface is the
interface of the router that is closest to the sending host in the path. Used without parameters,
tracert displays help. This diagnostic tool determines the path taken to a destination by sending
ICMP Echo Request messages with varying Time to Live (TTL) values to the destination. Each
router along the path is required to decrement the TTL in an IP packet by at least 1 before
forwarding it.

Effectively, the TTL is a maximum link counter. When the TTL on a packet reaches 0, the router
is expected to return an ICMP Time Exceeded message to the source computer. Tracert
determines the path by sending the first Echo Request message with a TTL of 1 and
incrementing the TTL by 1 on each subsequent transmission until the target responds or the
maximum number of hops is reached. The maximum number of hops is 30 by default and can be
specified using the -h parameter
The path is determined by examining the ICMP Time Exceeded messages returned by
intermediate routers and the Echo Reply message returned by the destination. However, some
routers do not return Time Exceeded messages for packets with expired TTL values and are
invisible to the tracert command. In this case, a row of asterisks (*) is displayed for that hop.
To trace the path to the host named www.google.com and prevent the resolution of each IP
address to its name, type:
tracert -d www.google.com
To trace the path to the host named www.google.com and use the loose source route 10.12.0.1-
10.29.3.1-10.1.44.1, type:
tracert -j 10.12.0.1 10.29.3.1 10.1.44.1 www.google.com

Syntax
tracert [-d] [-h MaximumHops] [-j HostList] [-w Timeout] [TargetName]
PING :
Verifies IP-level connectivity to another TCP/IP computer by sending Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages. The receipt of corresponding Echo Reply messages
are displayed, along with round-trip times. Ping is the primary TCP/IP command used to
troubleshoot connectivity, reachability, and name resolution.

You can use ping to test both the computer name and the IP address of the computer. If
pinging the IP address is successful, but pinging the computer name is not, you might have a
name resolution problem. In this case, ensure that the computer name you are specifying can
be resolved through the local Hosts file, by using Domain Name System (DNS) queries, or
through NetBIOS name resolution techniques.
To test a TCP/IP configuration by using the ping command:
● To quickly obtain the TCP/IP configuration of a computer, open Command Prompt, and then
type ipconfig . From the display of the ipconfig command, ensure that the network adapter
for the TCP/IP configuration you are testing is not in a Media disconnected state.
● At the command prompt, ping the loopback address by typing ping 127.0.0.1
● Ping the IP address of the computer.
● Ping the IP address of the default gateway. If the ping command fails, verify that the default
gateway IP address is correct and that the gateway (router) is operational.
● Ping the IP address of a remote host (a host that is on a different subnet). If the ping
command fails, verify that the remote host IP address is correct, that the remote host is

operational, and that all of the gateways (routers) between this computer and the remote host
are operational.
ARP
Displays and modifies entries in the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache, which contains
one or more tables that are used to store IP addresses and their resolved Ethernet or Token Ring
physical addresses. There is a separate table for each Ethernet or Token Ring network adapter
installed on your computer.
Syntax
arp [-a [InetAddr] [-N IfaceAddr]] [-g [InetAddr] [-N IfaceAddr]] [-d InetAddr [IfaceAddr]]
[-s InetAddr EtherAddr [IfaceAddr]]
Examples:
To display the ARP cache tables for all interfaces use following command
arp –a
To display the ARP cache table for the interface that is assigned the IP address 192.168.42.171

Netstat
Displays active TCP connections, ports on which the computer is listening, Ethernet statistics,
the IP routing table, IPv4 statistics (for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP protocols), and IPv6
statistics (for the IPv6, ICMPv6, TCP over IPv6, and UDP over IPv6 protocols).
Netstat provides statistics for the following:
● Proto - The name of the protocol (TCP or UDP).

● Local Address - The IP address of the local computer and the port number being used. The name
of the local computer that corresponds to the IP address and the name of the port is shown unless
the -n parameter is specified. If the port is not yet established, the port number is shown as an
asterisk (*).
● Foreign Address - The IP address and port number of the remote computer to which the socket is
connected. The names that corresponds to the IP address and the port are shown unless the -n
parameter is specified. If the port is not yet established, the port number is shown as an asterisk
(*).
(state) Indicates the state of a TCP connection. The possible states are as follows:
● CLOSE_WAIT
● CLOSED
● ESTABLISHED
● FIN_WAIT_1
● FIN_WAIT_2
● LAST_ACK
● LISTEN
● SYN_RECEIVED
● SYN_SEND
● TIMED_WAIT
Syntax
netstat [-a] [-e] [-n] [-o] [-p Protocol] [-r] [-s] [Interval]

Ipconfig
Displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) settings. This command is
most useful on computers that are configured to obtain an IP address automatically. This enables
users to determine which TCP/IP configuration values have been configured by DHCP,
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA), or an alternate configuration.
● If the Adapter name contains any spaces, use quotation marks around the adapter name (that is,
"Adapter Name").
● For adapter names, ipconfig supports the use of the asterisk (*) wildcard character to specify
either adapters with names that begin with a specified string or adapters with names that contain
a specified string.
● For example, Local* matches all adapters that start with the string Local and *Con* matches all
adapters that contain the string Con.
Syntax
ipconfig [/all] [/renew [Adapter]] [/release [Adapter]] [/flushdns] [/displaydns] [/registerdns]

[/showclassid Adapter] [/setclassid Adapter [ClassID]]
Parameters

Used displays the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for all adapters.
without
parameter
s
/all Displays the full TCP/IP configuration for all adapters. Without this parameter,
ipconfig displays only the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway values
for each adapter. Adapters can represent physical interfaces, such as installed
network adapters, or logical interfaces, such as dial-up connections.
/renew Renews DHCP configuration for all adapters (if an adapter is not specified) or for
[Adapter] a specific adapter if the Adapter parameter is included. This parameter is available
only on computers with adapters that are configured to obtain an IP address
automatically. To specify an adapter name, type the adapter name that appears
when you use ipconfig without parameters.
/release Sends a DHCPRELEASE message to the DHCP server to release the current
[Adapter] DHCP configuration and discard the IP address configuration for either all
adapters (if an adapter is not specified) or for a specific adapter if the Adapter
parameter is included. This parameter disables TCP/IP for adapters configured to
obtain an IP address automatically. To specify an adapter name, type the adapter
name that appears when you use ipconfig without parameters.
/flushdns Flushes and resets the contents of the DNS client resolver cache. During DNS
troubleshooting, you can use this procedure to discard negative cache entries from
the cache, as well as any other entries that have been added dynamically.
/ Displays the contents of the DNS client resolver cache, which includes both
displaydns entries preloaded from the local Hosts file and any recently obtained resource
records for name queries resolved by the computer. The DNS Client service uses
this information to resolve frequently queried names quickly, before querying its
configured DNS servers.
/ Initiates manual dynamic registration for the DNS names and IP addresses that
registerdn are configured at a computer. You can use this parameter to troubleshoot a failed
s DNS name registration or resolve a dynamic update problem between a client and
the DNS server without rebooting the client computer. The DNS settings in the
advanced properties of the TCP/IP protocol determine which names are registered
in DNS.
/ Adapter Displays the DHCP class ID for a specified adapter. To see the DHCP
showclassi class ID for all adapters, use the asterisk (*) wildcard character in place of
d Adapter. This parameter is available only on computers with adapters that are
configured to obtain an IP address automatically.
/setclassid Adapter [ClassID] Configures the DHCP class ID for a specified adapter. To set
the DHCP class ID for all adapters, use the asterisk (*) wildcard character in place
of Adapter. This parameter is available only on computers with adapters that are
configured to obtain an IP address automatically. If a DHCP class ID is not
specified, the current class ID is removed.
Examples:

ipconfig To display the basic TCP/IP configuration for all adapters
ipconfig /all To display the full TCP/IP configuration for all adapters
ipconfig /renew "Local Area To renew a DHCP-assigned IP address configuration for
Connection" only the Local Area Connection adapter
ipconfig /flushdns To flush the DNS resolver cache when troubleshooting DNS
name resolution problems
ipconfig /showclassid Local To display the DHCP class ID for all adapters with names
that start with Local
ipconfig /setclassid "Local To set the DHCP class ID for the Local Area Connection
Area Connection" TEST adapter to TEST
RESULT:
Thus the basic network commands such as tracert, traceroute, ping, arp, netstat, ipconfig, and
their arguments, options and parameters were studied to troubleshoot the computer network
Ex. No. 10(a) CREATING AN ADVERTISEMENT PAGE IN MS-WORD

DATE :
Aim :
To Create a advertisement page in MS Word.
Steps to be followed :
1. Open Microsoft Word. If you haven't already done so, launch Microsoft Word from the Start
menu (Windows) or Applications folder (macOS). This opens the app to the "New" page.
2. Click the Blank Document option. It should be the first option in the list of new file types.
3. Click the Layout or Page Layout tab. The name of the tab will vary by version, but you'll
always find one of these options at the top of the app.

4. Click the Size button on the toolbar. It's near the top-left corner of the app. This displays
different size options for your document.
5. Select a size for your poster. To specify a custom size, click More Paper Sizes at the bottom
of the menu and make your selections.
6. A common poster size supported by most home printers is 11x17 inches. You can find 11x17
paper anywhere that sells printer paper.
7. Select a poster orientation. If you want your poster to print in landscape (horizontal) mode,
click the Orientation menu on the Page Layout tab and select Landscape. If you're okay with
the poster being set up in Portrait (vertical) mode, you can skip this step.
8. Create a headline. Many posters have a large text headline at the top. If you'd like to add a
headline, follow these steps:
Click the Insert tab at the top.

Click Text Box near the top-right corner of Word.
Select Simple Text Box option to insert a text box.
Type a few words you want to appear large on the poster.
Highlight the text in your headline.
9.Click the Home tab to return to the font options, and then choose an easy-to-read font at a large
size. You can also choose colors if you plan to make a color poster.
10. Drag the edges of the text box to the desired size. You can also move the text box to another
location by hovering the mouse cursor over one of the lines and then dragging.
11. Another way to insert a headline is to click Word Art on the Insert tab and then select a
design. This is a quick way to stylize text without having to specify font colors and sizes.
12. Insert graphics into the poster. If you have a certain photo or illustration you want to
include in the poster, you can insert it by clicking the Insert tab and selecting Pictures. If you
want the photo to appear below the headline, drag the headline's text box above the photo.
13. You can also insert shapes and customize them. To insert a shape, click the Insert tab and
select Shapes. You can then choose a shape and use the mouse to draw it at the desired location.
You can type on shapes by double-clicking them to activate the cursor.

14. Add regular text. To insert text into your poster, add another text box like you did when
creating the headline (on the Insert tab), and then type anything you wish. You can then format
the text with the desired fonts and orientation back on the Home tab.
15. Save your finished poster. To do so, click the File menu at the top-left corner, select Save
As, and then save to your desired location.
16. Print the poster.
Sample Advertisement: 1
Sample Advertisement: 2

Result :
Thus the advertisement page was designed using MS-Word.
EX.NO:10(b) MAIL MERGE USING MS-WORD

Date:
Aim : To create a Mail Merge Letter and a macro for inserting a picture and formatting the text
in Word
Steps to be followed:
Prepare your letter
1. Go to Mailings > Start Mail Merge > Letters.
2. In Word, type the body of the letter that you want to send to your mailing list.Set up your
mailing list Your mailing list is a data source that contains the information that Word uses to
customize your letter. Add personalized content to your letter
Add content to your letter that’s different for each person who receives it.
Go to Mailings > Address Block.
Choose a format for the recipient's name In the Insert Address Block dialog box.

Choose OK.
Choose Greeting Line.
Select the format you want to use in the Insert Greeting Line dialog box.
Select OK to insert the greeting line field.
Go to File > Save.
3. Preview and print the letters, Go to Mailings > Preview Results to preview your
letters.
Choose Next or Previous to scroll though your data set to be sure the names and addresses look
right.

Select Preview Results again switch from the merged results back to the mail merge fields in your
letter
4. Select Finish & Merge > Print Documents.
Choose Edit Individual Documents, Print Documents, or Send Email Messages.
5. Save your personalized letter
Go to File > Save. When you save the mail merge document, it stays connected to your mailing
list for future use.
To reuse your mail merge document, open the mail merge document. Choose Yes when Word
prompts you to keep the connection.
Result :
Thus the Mail Merge was implemented using MS-WORD.
EX.NO:11 CREATING A PAY DETAILS REPORT USING MS-EXCEL

DATE :

Aim : To create a report in Excel containing the pay details of the Employee.
Step 1: Open a new blank excel spreadsheet. Go to Search Box. Type “Excel” and double click
on the match found under the search box to open a blank excel file.
Step 2: Save the file on the location you want your payroll to be saved so that it does not get lost
and you will always have it with you.

Step 3: In this newly created file where all your employee payroll information would be stored,
therefore, create some column with names which can hold the values for the certain
parameters/variables. Enter the column names in the following hierarchy.
● Employee Name (column A): Contains your employee name.
● Pay/Hour (column B): Contains per hour pay rate to the employee without any currency
symbol.
● Total Hours Worked (column C): Contains total hours worked by an employee in a day.
● Overtime/Hour (column D): Overtime rate per hour without any currency symbol.
● Total Overtime Hours (Column E): Number of hours employees overtime in a day.
● Gross Pay (column F): Payable amount to the employee without any deductibles.
● Income Tax (column G): Tax payable on Gross Pay.
● Other Deductibles (If Any) (column H): Deductibles other than Income Tax.
● Net Pay (column I): Payment the employee will receive in hand after all the deductions.

Step 4: Add the details column-wise like Employee Name in column A, a number of hours
worked and hourly paying rate, etc. I will say input the fields with no formula (From column A
to column E). See the screenshot below for better understanding.
In this example, if you can see the Total Hours Worked and Total Overtime Hours are
considered on a monthly basis (because we pay the employee on a monthly basis, right?).
Therefore 160 means total hours worked during the month. Same is the case with total hours
overtimed. Also, the Pay/Hour and Overtime/Hour are in USD.
Step 5: Formulate Gross Pay. Gross Pay is nothing but the sum of the product of Pay/Hour,
Total Worked Hours and Overtime/Hour, Total Overtime Hours. (Pay/Hour * Total Hours
Worked) + (Overtime/Hour * Total Overtime Hours). In the payroll sheet, it can be formulated
under cell F4 as =(B2*C2)+(D2*E2). It’s a simple formula anyway. However, you can see the
screenshot below for a better understanding.

After using formula the answer is shown below.
Drag the same formula cell F3 to cell F6.

Step 6: In order to calculate the Income Tax, you need to check how much percentage of tax
your employee pays on the total gross pay. Income Tax is always calculated on Gross Pay. In
this case, we will consider 15% of Income-tax on all the Gross Pay. The formula for Income Tax,
therefore, becomes as – 0.15 * Gross Pay.
Which in terms of excel payroll sheet can be formulated under cell G2 as =0.15*F2 (Column F
contains Gross Pay amount).

Drag the same formula in cell G3 to G6.
Step 7: You have to mention other deductibles if any for a particular employee. These
deductibles may contain the premium of health/life insurance, professional taxes, EMI amount if
any loan is taken from an organization, etc. add these amount values under column H. If there is
no other deductible for a particular employee, you can set the value under column H for that
employee to zero.

Step 8: Now, finally we come towards Net Pay. Net Pay is nothing but the amount that gets
credited into your employee’s bank account after all the deductions from Gross Pay. Therefore,
in this case, we will deduct (subtract) Income Tax (column G) and Other Deductibles (Column
H) which can be formulated under cell I2 as =F2-(G2+H2). Here, Income Tax and Other
Deductibles are summed up and then subtracted from Gross Pay. See the screenshot below for
better understanding.
Drag the same formula in cell I3 to cell I6.

This is how we create the payroll under excel to manage the things on our own.
Step 9: Add all the employee names working for you in this payroll one by one and set their total
worked hours, overtimed hours, deductibles and charges accordingly. For Gross Pay, Income
Tax and Net Pay, just drag the 4 th cell of respective columns to have the details formulated. Also,
add some formatting to the cells and add total at the end of the sheet. The final Payroll should
look like this.
After using SUM Formula, the answer is shown below.

Find the Sum Total below.

Result :
Thus the report in Excel containing the pay details of the employee was created.
EX.NO:12 CREATING A BAR CHART
DATE :
Aim : To create simple bar chart to high light the sales of a company for 5 different periods
Step 1: Enter your data into Excel columns.
Step 2: Click and drag your mouse across the data that will appear in the chart.

Confirm the highlighted columns contain one independent variable and one dependent variable
(multiple dependent variables are discussed in the next section), and the column headers if
desired (Excel will make one of the headers as the chart title).
Step 3: From the ribbon, click Chart, click the Bar icon, and then click 2-D Clustered Bar (with
a single dependent variable as we are using here, the results will be the same no matter which
option you choose).
The chart will appear on the same

page as the data. Your default might be to include the legend — you can remove it by clicking it
and pressing the delete key on your keyboard.
Create a Chart with Multiple Dependent Variables
Unlike data with a single dependent variable, the type of chart chosen (clustered or stacked)
makes a difference for data with more than one dependent variable. For this example, we’ll use
clustered. The legend that Excel creates will also be valuable.

Follow the same steps as above to select at least two columns of dependent variables.

To change the font and appearance of titles, click Chart Title and then click More Title Options.
Additionally, in some versions of Excel, you can click on the title in the chart and a side menu
will appear with options to customize the text.
To reword a title, just click on it in the chart and retype.
Adjusting Axes
To adjust the horizontal or vertical axis, you can resize by clicking on a square in the corner and
dragging an edge.

For finer adjustments, right click the axis and choose Format Axis…

For a numeric axis, you can change the the start and end points, as well as the units displayed.
Simply change the numbers in the boxes to make the starting and ending point the minimum and
maximum, respectively.

For clustered bar charts, any changes will only affect the bars associated with the same
dependant variable of the selected bar. Repeat to update all the bars in the chart.
If bars don’t look right, select the chart, right-click the chart and click Change Chart Type.... In
addition to the 2D bars demonstrated in this tutorial, there are options for 3D bars/columns,
cylinders, cones, and pyramids.
Result :
Thus a simple bar chart was created.

EX.NO:13 CREATING A MACRO TO CREATE A LINE CHART
Date: USING DATA IN WORK SHEET
Aim :
To create a line chart in Excel with this macro. This allows you to quickly and easily create line
charts and graphs from a selection of data on the worksheet.
Procedure:
This is a bare-bones version of this macro and is in this fashion so that it is easy to integrate into
any other macros that you may be using in Excel.
To use this macro simple replace 'Sheet1'!$A$1:$B$67 with the range cell references of the
source data that you would like to use in your chart.
Excel Macro to Create a Line Chart
Sub Create_Line_Chart()
'create a line chart in excel with this macro
ActiveSheet.Shapes.AddChart.Select
ActiveChart.SetSourceData Source:=Range("'Sheet1'!$A$1:$B$67")
ActiveChart.ChartType = xlLine
End Sub
Steps to Install the Macro
1. Select and copy the text from within the grey box above.
2. Open the Microsoft Excel file in which you would like the Macro to function.
3. Press "Alt + F11" - This will open the Visual Basic Editor - Works for all Excel
Versions. Or For other ways to get there,
4. On the new window that opens up, go to the left side where the vertical pane is located.
Locate your Excel file; it will be called VBAProject (YOUR FILE'S NAME HERE) .

5. If the Macro goes in a Module, otherwise continue to Step 8.
6. If the Macro goes in the Workbook or ThisWorkbook, otherwise continue to Step 8.
7. If the Macro goes in the Worksheet Code, otherwise continue to Step 8.
a. Directly underneath your excel file called VBAProject(your file's name here),
click the Microsoft Excel Objects folder icon to open that drop-down list.
b. Within the list that appears you will see every worksheet that is in that excel file.
They will be listed as such: Sheet1(NAME OF SHEET HERE) and under that
will be Sheet2(NAME OF SHEET HERE). Select the sheet in which you want
the macro to run and double-click that sheet.
c. A new window inside the Visual Basic Editor's window will appear. In this new
window, paste the code for the macro. Make sure to paste this code underneath
the last line of any other code which is already in the window.
d. Repeat steps b and c for every sheet you want the macro to work in. Putting the
macro in one sheet will not enable it for any other sheets in the workbook.
e. Go to Step 8.
8. Close the Microsoft Visual Basic Editor window and save the Excel file. When you
close the Visual Basic Editor window, the regular Excel window will not close.
9. You are now ready to run the macro.
RESULT:
Thus a line chart in Excel with this macro was created to quickly and easily create a line charts
and graphs from a selection of data on the worksheet.

EX.NO:14 MAKE A PRESENTATION AND APPLY THE FOLLOWING
DATE:
Aim: To make a presentation and apply the following
a. Add audio and video effects

b. Apply various Color Schemes
c. Apply various animation Schemes
Procedure:
Steps to be followed For Adding Videos To PowerPoint
Before you insert video clips into PowerPoint presentation slides, do take into consideration the
below mentioned steps:
● First, display the slide in which you want to add a video clip. Further on, from
the Insert tab, point to the Media section and open the Video drop down menu. From
here you can add a video from a website, your hard drive or by using video clips via
clipart.
● To resize the video image, you will need to choose the movie in the slide and then drag it
around.

A.Instructions For Adding And Recording Audio Clips in PowerPoint
After adding the video in presentation slides, it’s time to add some sound effects such as: voice
recordings and music. These may add professionalism to your presentation. To add a sound clip,
perform the following steps:
● Firstly, display the slide to which you want to add sound to, then use this method. From
the Insert tab, point to Audio and select Record Audio. After that, PowerPoint will show
the Record Sound dialog box. To record your sound, use the controls in this box and click
the OK button.
● To re size the sound icon, choose the sound clip in the slide and drag it.
● For more modification and settings, right-click the inserted clip or go to Audio Tools
from the Ribbon menu.
Using the above mentioned instructions, you can easily add audio and video clips to your
PowerPoint presentations.

B.How to Create a Color Scheme in PowerPoint
Each Microsoft PowerPoint theme includes a built-in color scheme to apply to your slides. If you
don’t like the available choices, you can create custom color schemes in PowerPoint to use in
your presentation.
1. Open the Design tab by clicking it on the Ribbon.
The Design tab kicks into action.
2. Select a color scheme to use.
Colors in a scheme work as a unit to make your presentation attractive.
3. Click the Theme Colors button and then choose Create New Theme Colors.
The Create New Theme Colors dialog box appears.

4.Click the button for the color you want to change.
For example, to change the first accent color, click the Accent 1 button. This summons a gallery
of color choices.Pick a color you like.
5.If you don’t like any of the choices, click the More Colors button.
This brings up the Colors dialog box.
6. Click the color that you want and then click OK.
You’re whisked back to the Create New Theme Colors dialog box.
7. Choose Save.
Your custom color scheme is saved.

The Standard tab of the Colors dialog box shows 127 colors, plus white, black, and shades of
gray. To use a color that doesn’t appear in the dialog box, click the Custom tab to view the
custom color controls.
C.Apply various animation schemes.
1. Start Microsoft PowerPoint

2. Open the College Park Auto Shop2 presentation and make sure the first slide is
displaying
3. On the slide, click Park to make sure the title is selected

4. On the main menu, click Slide Show and click either (in 2000) Preset Animation or (in
2003) Animation Schemes...
5. Click Fade In One By One
6. To apply an animation to all slides, on the main menu, click View -> Master -> Slide
Master
7. Click title in the first line
8. On the main menu, click Slide Show -> Animation Schemes... and click Neutron
9. On the main menu, click Slide Show -> Preset Animation -> Typewriter
10. On the Master toolbar, click Close
11. Save the presentation and view it
Custom Animations
A custom animation allows you to consider the objects or the text boxes in a slide, one at a time,
and to animate them. To support this, Microsoft PowerPoint allows you to identify each and
apply the desired animation to it.
To perform custom animation on one slide:
● You can right-click a work or an object in the slide and click Custom Animation...
● While the slide is displaying, on the main menu, click Slide Show -> Custom
Animation...
To apply a custom animation to all slides, first access the master slide. Then, either right-click it
and click and click Custom Animation or, on the main menu, click Slide Show -> Custom
Animation.
Creating a Custom Animation
1. To create a custom animation for one slide, display the first slide
2. Right-click Park on the slide and click Custom Animation...
3. In the Check To Animate Slide Objects list, click the check box of Bevel 3
In the Entry Animation And Sound combo box of the Effects property page, select Dissolve

4.
5. In the Check To Animation Slide Objects list, click the check box of Title 4
6. In the Entry Animation And Sound combo box, select Stretch
7. In the Check To Animation Slide Objects list, click the check box of Text 5
8. In the Entry Animation And Sound combo box, select Stretch
9. In the Check To Animation Slide Objects list, click the check box of Text 9
10. In the Entry Animation And Sound combo box, make sure Fly and From Left are
selected.
In the Introduce Text combo box, select By Letter
11. Click OK
12. On the main menu, click View -> Master -> Slide Master
13. On the main menu, click Slide Show -> Custom Animation...
14. In the Check To Animation Slide Objects list, click the check box of Title 12
15. Click the Effects property page
16. In the Entry Animation And Sound left combo box, select Blinds
17. In the Entry Animation And Sound right combo box, select Vertical
18. In the Introduce Text combo box, select By Word
19. In the Check To Animation Slide Objects list, click the check box of Rectangle 7

20. In and in its Start Animation section, click the Automatically radio button
21. Accept the default value of 00:00
22. Click the property page
23. In the Entry Animation And Sound left combo box of the Effects property page, select
Wipe
24. In the Entry Animation And Sound right combo box, select Right
25. Click OK
26. Save the presentation and view it
Result :
Thus a presentation was made with audio and video effects, Color schemes and animation
Schemes
EX.NO:15 CREATING A DATABASE USING MS-ACCESS
DATE:
Aim : To create a simple database/ Tables using MS-Access.

1.click on the “Create” key to kick-start your first Microsoft Access database

2.Once you successfully launch and create your first database, Access opens up the “Table
Tools” View to create tables, because really, Access is all about tables
3.Here, we will create a simple budget application with 3 tables: Regular Expenses, Monthly
Income and Monthly Expenses. The columns highlighted in blue are unique, and can hence be
used as the primary key. (Do note that where more than one column is highlighted in blue,
the combination together is unique.)
4.To add the Regular Expenses table, use the right-hand side tab.
● The first column (ID) is auto-generated by Access and serves as the default primary
key. (We can change this later.)
● Click on “Click to Add” to enter the next Column name. You will be given a (drop-
down) choice for type of column. Choose Text, and enter “Expense Name”.
● Again Click to Add next column, choose Text and enter “Type”.

● Again Click to Add next column, choose Number and enter “Amount”.
● Finally, save your newly created table (using Control Key + “S” keys). When prompted
for a name, type “Regular Expenses”.
From the CREATE tab, use Create -> Table and follow the above steps to similarly create tables
“Monthly Income” and “Monthly Expenses”.
5.In this step, we will manually enter data into the tables. But do note that Access offers several
other effortless ways to import data into tables (from an Excel sheet, from a text file, etc.).
Here, we must mention that Access wins over Excel in data validation if the tables are rightly
designed. To understand the relevance of table design, we will simply add data to the “Regular
Expenses” table and explore the challenges.
Here is the data we intend to add into our tables:
The “Datasheet View” is best used to add/delete/alter table data, and opens up any time you
double click on a table’s name in the left-side tab. You can also access it using DESIGN Tab ->
View -> Design View. Once you’re in this view, choose the table you will work with (“Regular
Expenses”) in the left-side tab. On the right-side tab,
● Click on the second column (Expense Name) and type “Rent”.

● Click on the third column (Type) and type “Fixed”.
● Click on the fourth column (Amount) and type “2000”.
● You have completed the first row. Repeat for remaining rows.
● Repeat the same for “Income” and “Monthly Expenses” table.

As you are sure to have observed, Access automatically generates a unique number for the first
column (ID), as this treats this as the default primary key. This is the column that is typically
used to retrieve unique rows of data from the table.
But this value may be difficult for us to remember as it has no relevance to our data. Also, we
have already identified our unique primary keys and should capture this in the table design. The
next step will show you how to re-design the table to take care of this.

If you explore the “Regular Expenses” table (screenshot above), you’re sure to catch some
inconsistencies. Let’s fix this as follows:
● By default, the auto-generated ID column is set as the primary key, and hence the small
key icon to its left. We change this by highlighting (single click) the Expense Name
column, and choosing the “Primary” Key icon on the top tab. (You can also right-click on
the column name and choose “Primary Key”). The key icon will change accordingly.
● We no longer need the ID column. So right click on it and choose “Delete Rows”. This
will automatically delete this column (and all previously inserted values for it) from this
table.
● The Amount column is set to data type Number. Change this to Currency.
Now our table looks good. You can similarly edit the other 2 tables in Design view, to alter their
primary key, set currency data type and add additional data into all the tables so we can play with
it in successive steps.

B. Mail Merge with MS-Access.
A mail merge lets you address envelopes to all individuals in a table or query. In the following
example, we'll walk through the process of setting up envelopes with names and addresses, so
that they're ready for printing and mailing.
1. Launch a mailing wizard

2. Select the document Option
3. Switch to MS Word and select the document type

4. Select the Document Type
Select the document type that you'd like to work on.
For this example, we're doing a mail merge so that we can put names and addresses on
envelopes.
1. So select Envelopes from the Mail Merge wizard at the right of the screen

Select the Envelope Size and other Options
Select Change document layout then click Envelope options... to launch the Envelope
Options dialog box.
1. Click OK when done 22l1.
Review and Continue
The Use the current document is now selected.
The envelope is now displayed in relative proportions to the size that you selected.
Check that it looks correct and click Next: Select recipients to continue.
1.
Select Recipients
This is where you get to select the recipients. However, Word recognizes that we're
already using a table from Access, so Use an existing list is now selected, with the details
listed below.

Check that it looks correct and click Next: Arrange your envelope to continue.

2.
Arrange the Envelope
Click on the envelope where the address block should go.

Then click Address block... from the Mail Merge Wizard.
Insert Address Block
Use this dialog box to determine how the fields will be displayed on the envelope.
Depending on how your database has been designed, you may be able to select Insert
recipient's name in this format and Insert postal address.
However, if the envelope preview is blank (like in this example), you will need to match
the fields.
To match the fields, click Match Fields....
3.

Match Fields
Use this dialog box to match the fields that appear on the envelope, with the fields from
your database.
Use the drop-down list to select a field from your database that matches the field on the
left.
In this example, there's only one required field (Company). We can

use CustomerName from our database for this field (our database only has one field for
the customer name). Had we selected Insert recipient's name and Insert postal address at
the previous dialog box, there would be many more required fields — some of which we
don't have matching fields in our database. Therefore, by deselecting that option at the
previous step, the wizard is less restrictive and we can continue by matching some of the
optional fields.
If you find yourself in a similar situation, and you plan to do more mail merges in the
future, you may wish to check Remember this matching for this set of data sources on
this computer to save you from having to manually match the fields each time.
Click OK once you've matched the fields you need.
4.

Review and Close the Dialog Box
Now the envelope preview is displaying an address from our list.
Check that it appears in the correct format. Use the little arrows to step through the list if
you need to.
You'll also notice that Insert postal address is now selected.
Click OK to continue.
5.
Review and Continue
The dialog box has closed and we're now back at the Arrange your envelope step.
You'll notice that «AddressBlock» is now displayed on the envelope where the address
will appear.
Click Next: Preview your envelopes to continue.

6.
Preview your Envelopes
The preview envelope is now displaying the actual names and addresses from our
database, exactly as they'll appear when they're mailed out.
You can use the little arrow buttons to navigate through the list to see how other records
appear.
click Next: Complete the merge.

Result :
Thus the mail merge was implemented in MS Access

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FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND BUSINESS

2021 – 2022 / EVEN SEMESTER

NAME OF THE STUDENT :

BRANCH : COMPUTER SCIENCE AND BUSINESS

BATCH : 2021 – 2025 BATCH

21CS2312-COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE LABORATORYPage 1

FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Certified that this is a bonafide record of work done by

Staff-in charge H.O.D

Submitted for the Practical Examination held on…………………

21CS2312-COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE LABORATORYPage 2

1(a) Study of Desktop Computer, Mother Board and Its

Familiarize the Computer System Layout:

2 Configure Bios Setup Program and Troubleshoot

Install and Configure Scanner, Web Cam, Cell

5 Assemble a System with Add On Cards and Check

21CS2312-COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE LABORATORYPage 3

6(b) Install and Configure Dual OS Installation using

7(b) Create a FAT32 Formatted Partition on a Disk in

13 Creating a Macro to Create a Line Chart

using Data in Work Sheet

14 Make a Presentation and apply various effects

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Ex. No. 1(a) STUDY OF DESKTOP COMPUTER, MOTHER BOARD

AND ITS INTERFACING COMPONENTS

Hard Drive Activity LED:

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Front Side Connectors:

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connects to a computer via USB or it may be integrated into a computer, printer, or

secure digital (SD), and Sony's Memory Stick.

Rear Side Connectors:

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FAMILIARIZE THE COMPUTER SYSTEM LAYOUT: MARKING POSITIONS OF SMPS,

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Hard- Disk Drive:

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Ex. No. 2 CONFIGURE BIOS SETUP PROGRAM AND TROUBLESHOOT

THE TYPICAL PROBLEMS USING BIOS UTILITY.

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1. Power on or power cycle theserver.

3. Press F2 to Run SetupPrompt

15. BIOS Setup Screens Overview: ScreenDescription

BIOS Setup Utility Menu Screens :

BIOS Setup Utility: Main

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Exit - Save Configuration Changes and Exit Confirmation:

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(A) Install Hard Disk: How to Install a Hard Drive:

● Unplug your computer and switch off the power supply.

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back in and flip the power supply switch back to"On."

(B) Identify Master /Slave / IDE Devices :

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● Go into your BIOS. Press F10 or DEL atstartup.

▪ Go to "auto detects harddrives."

▪ Ensure that it detects your new harddrive.

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