10. 11. 12. 13. 14. OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS LEVEL - 1 Which is known as artificial silk ? (A) Rayon (B) Nylon (C) Orlon (D) Polyester The fibre obtained from cellulose is ....... (A) Polyester (B) Nylon (C) Acrylic (D) Rayon The alkali used in the preparation of rayon is: (A) Sodium Carbonate (B) Sodium hydroxide (C) Calcium hydroxide (D) None of these By which fabrics terrycot is made ? (A) Polyester + Cotton (B) Cotton + Orlon (C) Cotton + Nylon (D) Cotton + Rayon Choose the correct opition (i) Rayon. (a) Track units and ropes (ii) Nylon (b) Artificial silk (iii) Polyester (c) Used for making clothes (A) i-b, (B) i-b, ii-c, iii-a (C) i-a, fi-c, iii-b (D) None of these Which of the following do not contain polyester fabric ? (A) Terrywool (B) Terrycot (C) Terylene (D) Orlon PET bottles and utensils are made from (A) Polyester (B) Nylon (C) Teflon (D) Orlon Plastic products are identified by the use of some special numbers. These numbers represent for (B) Thermal resistance of plastic product (A) Electrical conductivity of plastic product (C) Durability of plastic product (D) Recycling of plastic product Which of the following plastic is a thermosetting plastic ? (A) Polystyrene (B) Polyethylene (C) PVC (D) Bakelite Which polymer is used in making automobile battery casing ? (B) Polyester (A) High density polyethylene (C) Pvc (D) Poly propylene Which is used in making of thermocol ? ; (A) Polypropylene (B) Polyethylene j (C) Polystyrene (D) High density polyethylene : Which is used to make disposable cups ? i (A) Low density polyethylene (B) Polypropylene i (C) Polystyrene (D) PVC. i Which of the following is a thermoplastic ? ! (A) Bakelite (B) Melamine (C) PVC (D) None of these The strongest synthetic fibre is | (A) nylon (B) rayon (C) polyester (D) acrylic }eer wing 2072 2h YO, Sha om 8 A 5 15. Synth i Fibres & Plastics Which fibres are used in endoscopy in medical instrument. (A) Synthetic fibres (B) Natural fibres (C) Optical fibres _(D) Allof these LEVEL - I Cotton fibre : (A) Bums readily with a smell of burning paper (B) Bums poorly without any flame (C) Produces a sooty flame (D) Metts and bums with difficulty Wool burns with a bad smell due to : (A) Burning of cellulose (B) Burning of proteins (C) Buming of fats (D) Allof these Inan experiment: following fibres are Put in water. Cotton, nylon and wool. Then identify the correct statement among the following : (A) Cotton absorbs maximum amount of water. (B) Nylon absorbs maximum amount of water, (C) Wool absorbs maximum amount of water. (D) All the three fibres absorb same amount of water. Choose the correct option among the following : (i) The raw materials for making Nylon is propene. (ii) Polyester can be used to make blended fibre (iii) Melamine is used to make electrical switches. (A) TIT (B) FTF (C) TFT (D) FFF The process involving heating of natural rubber with sulphur is called : (A) Galvanisation (B) Vulcanization (C) Bessemerisation —_(D) Sulphonation Which fibre melts and bums with difficulty during flame test : (A) Rayon (B) Jute (C) Cotton (D) Nylon Which plastic is used in making combs : (A) Melamine (B) Bakelite (C) PVC (D) Polystyrene The polymer which is used as a lubricant, especially in those parts of machine, where oil can not be easily applied is: (A) PVC (B) Polyethene (C) Teflon (D) Polystyrene Out of the following, which plastic is used for packaging of fragile items like TV & Computers : (A) PVC. (B) PS (C) PP (D) PET Which of the following represents the correct match for items in Column A with those in Column B. ‘Column A Column B 1) Nylon (a) Thermoplastic it Pvc (b) Thermosetting plastic (ll) Bakelite (c) Fibre (A) I- (b), Il- (c), Ill - (a) (B)I- (b), I (a), II - (c) (C)1- (c), I (a), IN - (b) (D) I (c), I (b), Ill - (a) ————-Class VIII Chemistry [ exeRcise-2 Come NO Very short answer type questions 7 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. % 8. 9. What are synthetic fibres ? Give two examples. What are natural fibres ? Give two examples. Why is rayon called artificial silk ? Why parachutes and ropes are made from nylon? Write two uses of melamine plastic. White five names of different kinds of plastic containers that you use in daily life Write two uses of plastic in medical. Write two names of polymer which are biodegradable. Give two examples each of thermoplastics and thermosetting plastic. 10. Give two disadvantages of synthetic fibres. Short answer type questions el CG) od be te Why in summer wearing of cotton clothes is preferred in comparison to synthetic clothes ? Why rayon clothes are generally preferred over other synthetic fabrics in summer ? Why synthetic fibres are more popular than natural fibres ? Why nylon is blended with wool ? Why plastic is known as polymer ? Give the two differences between thermoplastics and thermosetting plastic. What are "5R" principle ? Long answer type questions 1. 10. 8) Which type of synthetic fibre is used to make sweater and blankets and why ? By which properties synthetic fibres are preferred to make dress material ? Give reasons (i) Uniforms of fireman have coating of melamine plastic. (ii) Bakelite is used for making electrical switches (iii)Plastic is used in place of metals. Why it is dangerous to leave plastic bags near fire? Why accumulation of plastic is considered a serious problem ? What are the hazards of disposal of plastic in to water ? Explain how polybags thrown here & there carelessly are responsible for the deaths of. ‘animals, especially cows. What are the "two main solutions’ of "Plastic disposal problems" ? Why teflon is used to make nonstick cooking pans and other cookwares ? Why plastics are used as covering material in electrical appliances ? ee wn) 0222 Np he neae np DOE Cy Se Pe Ae ALLEN Synthetic Fibres & Plastics Poercist-3 ee Fill in the blanks 1. Cotton, silk, linen and wool are ..... - fibres 2. — Rayon is mixed with .... to make ........ wand mixed with ccs to make The fibre used in parachute making and ropes for rope climbing is Melamine is a ....cnssu. plastic Like synthetic fibres plastic is also a The name of the fire proof plastic is A special plastic on which oil and water do not stick i5 «1... 3 4. 5, 6. A material which gets decomposed through natural processes is called ... 7. 8. 9. Plastic which gets deformed easily on heating and can be bent easily i... 10. Plastics which when moulded once, can not be softened by heating 18 .-.--------- 11. Containers which are light weight, lower price, good strength and easy to handle is made up of 12. Most of the thermoplastics can be Match the column 1. Match the terms of column-I correctly with the statement given in column-II. Column-I Column-II (1) Polyester (i) Prepared by using wood pulp (2) Acrylic (ii) Used for making parachutes and stockings (3) Rayon (iii) Used to make sweaters & shawls (4) Nylon (iv) Fabrics do not wrinkle easily 2. Match the terms of column-I correctly with the statement given in column-II Column-I Column-Il (1) Polymer (i) Poly Tetra FluoroEthylene (2) Polyethene (ii) Thermosetting plastic (3) Bakelite (iii) Thermoplastic (4) Teflon (iv) Biodegradable (5) Woollen cloth (v) Small units combine to form large single units‘Ao hts vig Cen 0 Spee He Re gs Synthetic Fibres & Pla: Synthetic Fir e8 1.0 2.0 24 4.0 44 INTRODUCTION | Ever since man settled into farming communities about 10,000 years ago his needs for various kinds of materials has increased many times. In the beginning, he used mud, stones, and wood ‘c make his dwelling and agricultural tools. Soon he started making potteries and other objects of daily use. As the civilization advanced, he learnt to obtain metals like copper, zinc and later iron from their minerals. Gradually he leamt to produce alloys having superior properties. With the discovery of metals and alloys, the technique of casting developed. With the passage of time gles and plastic were prepared. Presently, thousands of new materials are being prepared and tested for their probable uses every year. NATURAL AND MAN MADE MATERIALS. ; ified into We use a variety of materials in the course of our daily life. All these materials may be classified in natural materials and man made materials. Natural Materials The materials which occur in nature and used as such are called natural materials. For example, ‘wood, cotton, coal, graphite, diamond and many minerals of metals and non metals are natural materials. Man made materials The materials obtained from natural materials (also called raw materials) by chemical processes are called man made materials. The man-made materials are also called synthetic materials. For example, plastics, paints, cement, fertilizers, detergents, glass, synthetic fibres etc., are man made materials. CLOTHING MATERIALS Fabrics are materials that we use for making our clothes. Most of our clothing materials either come from plants or from animals. For example, cotton and jute are plant-fibres, where as, wool and silk, are animal fibres. Fabrics are obtained from threads by weaving them into sheets. The threads are made from fibres. All these fibres were formed to be made of long-chain molecules. These long- chain like molecules are made up of small molecules. The long chain-like molecules are called polymers. Fibres have many uses. Besides our clothes, they are used for making carpets, sails of boats, parachutes, upholstery and many more items. FIBRE TO FABRIC To begin with, here is a quick glance at some of the terms and steps associated with fabrics. Classification of fibres The fibres may be classified into natural, semi synthetic and synthetic (artificial) fibres. (i) Some fibres such as silk and wool are of animal origin and others like cotton, jute and flax are of plant origin. Animal fibres are protein by nature, whereas plant fibres are cellulose based. Plant fibres and animal fibres are called natural fibres. (ii) Semi - synthetic fibres are mostly obtained from naturally occurring fibres by chemical modification. For example, cellulose on reaction with acetic anhydride in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid gives cellulose diacetate which is used for making threads of acetate and other materials like films and glasses. (ili) Synthetic fibres are those which are made by man in the laboratories. These are also called attificial fibres. Rayon, nylon and polyester are example of synthetic (artificial) fibres. These synthetic fibres are made from chemical substances. Nylon and polyester are prepared from chemical substances obtained from coal and petroleum. Rayon is not considered a truly synthetic fibre by some people because, it is not obtained directly from wood. 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