Homework

1) Придаточные предложения в английском.

That (используется для обозначения одуш. и неодуш. имен сущ.) и его значения:

Вместо that мы можем использовать who (одуш) или which (неодуш).

A book is something which people read.

A policeman is someone who deals with criminals.

Важно то, что в придаточных предложениях тоже действуют правила грамматики, там
тоже есть глаголы, там тоже есть времена. Чаще всего эти времена согласуются с главным
предложением. То есть, если в главном будет present simple, то в придаточном тоже будет
present simple.

Частые ошибки:

- Забывать про глагол в придаточном предложении

I know that you a teacher. – I know that you are a teacher.

Green – главное предложение

Brown – придаточное предложение

- Ставить вместе с относительным местоимением еще одно местоимение.

I know a girl who she works in the library. – I know the girl who works in the library.

- Использовать that, which, who – постоянно

В случаях, когда в придаточном предложении who, that, which – субъект, то мы не можем
опустить их. Но если они выполняют роль объекта, то тогда мы можем опустить их.

I know a man who is a lawyer. – Who – здесь субъект.

I spoke to a man who I (субъект есть) had met before. - I spoke to a man I had met before.

Exercise 1.

Exercise 2. Найти лишнее местоимение в каждом предложении.

1. I like the necklace I got it for Christmas. - It здесь лишнее.

2. The boots Ann gave them to me are very comfortable.
3. The man who designed our house he is an architect.
4. The nicest city I've visited it is Paris.
5. The car which it is parked outside belongs to me.
6. The children who they are eating the sandwiches are in my class.
7. The man you met him last week is an author.
8. The story she told you it is true.
9. The chocolates which they are in that box came from Belgium.
10. The actress you admire her is only twenty years old.
11. The house they live in it is very big.
12. The girl who she won first prize is from India.

2) Reading

It’s not in your head; stores are designed to make you buy more products!

Have you ever entered a grocery store to buy some milk but ended up with a bag full of
items you didn’t even need? You’re not alone if you feel guilty for spending more money
than you intended. It’s not our fault that we keep putting items in our shopping carts;
we are manipulated to do so!

Here is a look at some of the most common tricks stores use to keep you filling up your
cart:

Trick 1: Slowing down store traffic

One of the ways stores get customers to spend more money is to make them to stay
inside the store for a longer period of time. The process of slowing the customer down
starts right as they enter the store.
Making aisles smaller
To slow down customers’ shopping pace, stores make the aisles very narrow. It forces
people to spend more time looking at the products on display inside each aisle and
make room for others who might be passing by.
Not placing the most bought items together
Stores also place popular, essential items, like milk, meat and cheese, in different
corners of the store so that you have to go around each and every aisle to find what
you’re looking for.

Trick 2: Sales and discounts

Another tactic that stores use is to entice customers with sales and discounts. Buying
items on sale makes us think we are saving money, but it usually does the opposite
when we end up buying more than we intended.

Combining sales with holidays

Holidays are always the season of sales. The reason is simple—the holiday spirit tends to
put people in a better mood, and a better mood encourages us to open our wallets.
During the holidays, people have more time to spend in stores and might even be
flushed with cash from holiday bonuses. Besides, people are usually looking for presents
during the holiday season. So, even if we are unsure if we need these on-sale items, we
can send them to our family and friends as gifts. Either way, we fool ourselves into
thinking we have saved some pennies.

Buy one, get one free (BOGOF) offers

Whenever we see BOGOF deals, we often focus on the “get one free” part.
We tend to overestimate the value of the items under BOGOF offers without considering
whether we need the “free” product. For instance, suppose you see a BOGOF deal on
milk. If you don’t have enough people in your family to finish the milk, getting the
second one for free isn’t reasonable in the slightest.

Trick 3: Creating the shopping mood

How much you shop has a lot to do with your mood. Knowing this, retailers also try to
influence your sense of sight, sound and smell to make you buy more.
Colorful appearance

Stores are designed to attract you even before you step inside. They use a punch of
bright colors to separate themselves from other neighboring shops. An example is how
every Walmart has the same blue tone, and every Target has a red exterior. These color
schemes tell you what to expect before entering the store. For instance, Walmart’s blue
is supposed to signal trust and security.

Enjoyable music
These days most retailers play music to make the shopping experience more enjoyable
for their customers. For instance, some stores play calming music to slow your pace at
the store. Others, like a sporting goods store, play peppy music that makes you feel
more energetic, putting you in the mood to be active and buy more sporting goods.

Alluring smells
Like color, sound, smells can trigger a customer to buy a product. Smelling freshly-baked
chocolate chip cookies at the store’s bakery can put you in the mood to grab some for
you and your family.

Buy what you need

There are many ways to help you outsmart these tricks. For instance, you can use a
basket instead of a cart to carry fewer items, check the lower shelves for cheaper
products, wear headphones to block out store music and shop with a full stomach.
However, the root cause for us buying more than we require is that we cannot
distinguish between needs and desires. Hence, to beat all these tricks once and for all,
go into the store with a list of items you need and stick to it. If something else appeals to
you, ask yourself:
- Will I need this after some time?
- Am I willing to give up something else to purchase this to stay within budget?
- Am I trying to buy this to fill my emotional need?

Vocabulary Exercises:

1) Match the vocabulary word with its definition:

a. manipulated b. entice c. aisles d. flushed e. overestimate f. appealing g. distinguish h. root

cause
____________ - to control or influence someone or something in a clever or dishonest way
____________ - to attract or tempt by offering pleasure or advantage
____________ - the passageway between rows of shelves in a store
____________ - to be in abundance; to be full of something
____________ - to estimate something as being more than it really is
____________ - attractive or interesting
____________ - to recognize the difference between two or more things
____________ - the basic reason for something

2) Fill in the blank with the correct vocabulary word from the previous exercise:

a. The store used bright colors to ____________ customers even before they entered the
building.
b. She was ____________ with cash from her recent bonus and spent it all at the store.
c. The store's tactic to ____________ customers with sales and discounts worked, and many
people bought more than they intended.
d. It's important to ____________ between your needs and your desires when shopping.
e. The ____________ of the problem was that people couldn't resist the holiday sales.
 3) Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the text:

a. Have you ever entered a ___________ store to buy some milk but ended up with a bag full of
items you didn’t even need?
b. Stores make the aisles very _________ to slow down customers’ shopping pace.
c. ____________ items, like milk, meat, and cheese, are often placed in different corners of the
store.
d. Buying items on _________ makes us think we are saving money.
e. During the holidays, people might be flushed with ________ from holiday bonuses.
f. When you see a BOGOF deal, focus on whether you really need the "________" product.
g. Retailers use a punch of bright colors to ________ themselves from other neighboring shops.
h. Enjoyable ________ can make the shopping experience more pleasant for customers.
i. Smells, like color and sound, can trigger a customer to buy a ___________.
j. To outsmart these tricks, go into the store with a ________ of items you need and stick to it.