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OMICRON PTL User Manual ENU
OMICRON PTL User Manual ENU
OMICRON PTL
User manual
V3.00
Contents
1 Definition ....................................................................................................................................................4
2 General .......................................................................................................................................................4
3 Quick Start Information ............................................................................................................................4
4 XRIO Converter Structure ........................................................................................................................5
4.1 General Structure .................................................................................................................................5
4.2 Relay Parameter Section .....................................................................................................................5
4.3 Additional Information ...........................................................................................................................5
4.3.1 General ...........................................................................................................................................5
4.3.2 Relay Information ...........................................................................................................................5
4.3.3 Circuit Breaker ................................................................................................................................5
4.3.4 Test Information ..............................................................................................................................5
4.4 RIOplus .................................................................................................................................................6
4.5 Template Controller ..............................................................................................................................6
4.6 RIO .......................................................................................................................................................6
4.7 Active RIO Functions ............................................................................................................................6
5 Relay Settings Import ...............................................................................................................................7
6 Protection Test Template for Test Universe...........................................................................................8
6.1 Test Object with XRIO Converter .........................................................................................................8
6.2 Hardware Configuration .......................................................................................................................8
6.3 Common Testing Procedures ...............................................................................................................8
6.3.1 Delete Inactive Test Modules .........................................................................................................8
6.3.2 Wiring Check ..................................................................................................................................8
6.3.3 Initial Test .......................................................................................................................................8
6.3.4 Trip Test with Circuit Breaker .........................................................................................................8
6.4 Feeder Protection Templates ...............................................................................................................9
6.4.1 Main and Backup Protection...........................................................................................................9
6.4.2 Switch onto Fault Protection ...........................................................................................................9
6.5 Line Protection Templates ................................................................................................................. 10
6.5.1 Main Protection with Distance Protection .................................................................................... 10
6.5.2 Main Protection with Line Differential Protection ......................................................................... 12
6.5.3 Backup Protection ....................................................................................................................... 12
6.5.4 Switch onto Fault Protection ........................................................................................................ 13
6.6 Transformer Protection Templates .................................................................................................... 14
6.6.1 Internal Fault Protection .............................................................................................................. 14
6.6.2 External Fault Protection ............................................................................................................. 14
6.7 Generator Protection Templates ....................................................................................................... 15
6.7.1 Generator Differential Protection ................................................................................................. 15
6.7.2 Fault on Connected Network ....................................................................................................... 15
6.7.3 Other Generator Protection ......................................................................................................... 15
6.8 Motor Protection Templates .............................................................................................................. 18
6.8.1 Overload Protection ..................................................................................................................... 18
6.8.2 Short Circuit Protection ................................................................................................................ 18
6.8.3 Network Fault Protection ............................................................................................................. 19
6.9 Radial Feeder Recloser Test Templates ........................................................................................... 20
6.9.1 Metering Test ............................................................................................................................... 20
6.9.2 Minimum Trip Current Tests ........................................................................................................ 20
6.9.3 High Current Trip Tests ............................................................................................................... 20
6.9.4 Overcurrent Characteristic Tests ................................................................................................. 20
6.9.5 Cold Load Pickup or Delay Curve Characteristic Tests .............................................................. 20
6.9.6 Successful Reclose Sequence Tests .......................................................................................... 20
6.9.7 Reclose Sequence to Lockout Tests ........................................................................................... 21
6.9.8 Reset Timer Tests ....................................................................................................................... 21
6.9.9 High Current Lockout Tests ......................................................................................................... 21
6.9.10 Sequence Coordination Tests ................................................................................................... 21
6.9.11 Sensitive Earth Fault Min Trip ................................................................................................... 21
6.9.12 Sensitive Earth Fault Trip Time ................................................................................................. 22
6.9.13 Sensitive Earth Fault Sequence ................................................................................................ 22
1 Definition
A Protection Test Template (PTT) is one part of a Protection Testing Library (PTL) -item. There are two
types of PTTs:
➢ PTT for Test Universe with an integrated XRIO Converter (OCC file format)
➢ PTT for RelaySimTest (RSTT file format)
2 General
The OMICRON PTL User Manual describes the common aspects of all Protection Test Templates and
XRIO Converters. The specific aspects are covered in a PTT specific manual, which is automatically
installed with every PTL-item.
Each PTT is user adaptable and can be extended by inserting additional tests or shortened by deleting
tests to fit the requirements of each user.
The Protection Testing Library is intended to support the advanced Test Universe and RelaySimTest user.
Advanced knowledge of the Test Universe and RelaySimTest software, the XRIO standard and the
LinkToXRIO concept are a precondition to benefit from the PTTs.
The Delete Inactive Test Modules button can be executed in the group User Command of the Home tab
to remove irrelevant test modules.
The XRIO Converters are divided into two root blocks, the CUSTOM block and the RIO block. The RIO
block contains the standard RIO test module interface. The CUSTOM block is re-named to match the
protection relay type modeled in the XRIO Converter. It normally has four sub-blocks:
➢ General
➢ Relay Information
➢ Circuit Breaker
➢ Test Information
4.3.1 General
The General block contains detailed information for the test report, like manufacturer, device type,
substation name etc. These parameters are linked to the NamePlate block in RIOplus and from there to
the Device sub block of the RIO block. The parameters of this block have to be set by the user.
4.4 RIOplus
The RIOplus section is divided into different sub-blocks, which include either relay information or
modeling of a certain protection function. The sub-blocks of these protection functions include all the data
required for testing the respective function.
The RIOplus block is not visible in the Standard view of the Test Object. It can be extended, but existing
parameters must not be deleted or changed.
The Template Controller block is not visible in the Standard view of the Test Object. It can be
extended, but existing parameters must not be deleted or changed.
4.6 RIO
The RIO section of the XRIO Converter contains all functions required to use the specialized test
modules (like Advanced Distance or Overcurrent) provided by the OMICRON Test Universe software.
Application Notes on the relay settings import for selected manufacturers are available in the OMICRON
Cutomer Portal. The handling of the import filters is similar:
➢ Click the File menu in the menu bar of the Test Object and click Import relay settings....
➢ Select the matching import filter in the Import Relay Settings dialog box.
After the relay settings have been imported successfully, a message box shows the number of imported
parameters. Additionally, the imported parameters are shown as Information in the Error View of the
Test Object. When the import of a parameter fails, it gets shown as an Error or Warning.
The phase rotation is set fix to ABC in PTL XRIO Converters. Relay settings for the phase rotation are
not processed. If a phase rotation ACB is needed, the wiring has to be adapted:
• Connect CMC phase B to relay phase C
• Connect CMC phase C to relay phase B
Pickup Test
The overcurrent pickup is tested using the Pick-up/Drop-off Test of the Overcurrent test module. The
smallest pickup of all active phase, residual and negative sequence overcurrent elements is tested. The
pickup and drop-off values are assessed. See the online help of the Test Universe for further information
on the Pickup/Drop-off Test tab of the Overcurrent test module.
Directional Test
The overcurrent directional characteristic is tested with the Overcurrent test module. Two Characteristic
Tests are placed inside the directional (forward or reverse) sector. Two more Characteristic Tests are
placed just outside the directional sector. It is sufficient to attest the difference between the forward and
non-directional, alternatively between the reverse and non-directional or the forward and reverse
characteristics.
The trip times of directional overcurrent protection are tested with a preset angle in the corresponding
direction. There is no specific angle preset for non-directional protection.
Directional Test
Most line protection PTTs cover distance protection functions, where the Advanced Distance test module
is used for testing the directional characteristic. It is sufficient to attest the difference between the forward
and non-directional, alternatively between the reverse and non-directional characteristics.
Set the test points for the directional test similar to the test points shown in Figure 3.
The distance direction is tested separately for fault loop A-N and fault loop A-B-C. The directional test is
not necessary for mho distance characteristics.
If a directional overcurrent function is covered by the line protection PTT, the directional test is similar to
the feeder protection directional test.
Figure 3: Directional test point placement for quadrilateral (left) and circle zone characteristic (right)
Possibly there are more test shots than necessary in the trip time test modules, because the preset test
points are set relative to all possibly active distance zones in forward and reverse direction. If a distance
zone is exclusively not active or directional, the test points set relative to this distance zone collapse into
the origin of the R-X test plane. In this case, delete all unnecessary test points. The unnecessary test
points can be identified by a very small impedance value (e.g. 0.0000 µΩ or 0.000Ω) or by their zone
reference, which is set to Line length (see red markings in Figure 4).
The test shots marked with an exclamation mark, respectively colored in pink as shown in Figure 4 are out
of range. In this case, remove the link of the test current in the settings tab and set the test current
manually. Keep in mind that the test current has to be higher than the distance protection release current.
Reach Test
The distance reaches are tested by Check Tests with check lines at 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°. Each check
line is set relative to a length of 120% of all active distance zones. In some PTTs , the check lines might
be placed at the line angle instead of 90° and 270°. The check lines at 0° and 180° are not necessary for
mho distance characteristics.
The single relay tests have to be performed with active communication. Each relay has to be tested
separately. During the test it has to be ensured, that the remote end does not measure any current.
In end-to-end tests, a CMGPS 588 is required for each side to synchronize the test signals. Please see
the CMGPS 588 user manual how to setup the system. The corresponding test modules for relay 1 and
relay 2 need to be opened and then run simultaneously on both sides.
Communication Check
An Annunciation Checker test module is used to guide the tester through the process of checking the line
differential protection communications. The test steps show instructions for relay 1 and relay 2 and have
to be executed in the provided order. The test has to be assessed manually.
Pickup Test
The smallest pickup of all active phase, residual and negative sequence overcurrent elements is tested.
The pickup and drop-off values are assessed. See the online help of the Test Universe for further
information on the Pickup/Drop-off Test tab of the Overcurrent test module.
Pickup Test
The pickup of the smallest active overcurrent stage is tested with a Pick-up / Drop-off Test in the
Overcurrent test module. The fault current (single-phase and multi-phase faults) is ramped until the relay
picks up.
Stability Test
The blocking test is intended to check the differential protection stability in case of an external fault that
occurs on the connected power system.
Three-phase and single-phase external faults are tested with the Diff Configuration test module. The
single-phase test additionally checks the correct zero sequence current elimination in case a step-up
transformer is also inside the protected zone. The test has to be assessed by clicking the Passed or
Failed button after a sufficient time.
Characteristic Test
The characteristic test is intended to check the differential protection trip in case of an internal fault.
Single-phase and multi-phase faults are tested with the Diff Operating Characteristic test module. A
search test is performed to verify the trip characteristic. Change the predefined test lines to fit the
characteristic set in the protection relay.
Trip Time
The differential trip time test is intended to check the differential protection trip time. The
Diff Trip Time Characteristic test module is used. Single-phase and multi-phase faults are tested. One test
point is preset for each fault type, but any required test point can be added.
Impedance Protection
The impedance protection test is divided into two parts, a trip time test and a reach test. The
Advanced Distance test module is used. Test shots are usually placed at 0° and/or 90° of each active
zone. The test points can be adapted if necessary.
The Overcurrent test module is used for the trip time test. A voltage value is preset in the test module and
can be changed in the Additional Information section if necessary.
Overload Protection
The trip time is tested by simulating a three-phase overload condition. The Overcurrent test module is
used. A test shot is preset and can be changed if necessary.
Power
The pickup values of power protection stages are tested with the Advanced Power test module using
Power Ramps. The absolute value of the active, reactive, or apparent power is increased or decreased
depending on the power function until the relay picks up.
If available as a relay setting, directional angles of power protection functions can be tested with the
Advanced Power test module using Power Shots. The test points have to be set manually similar to
Figure 5.
The trip times of power protection stages are tested with the Advanced Power test module using Power
Shots. The test modules include pre-defined test shots. Please check and adjust the test shots if
necessary. Test shots of deactivated stages can be deleted.
Underexcitation
Depending on the relay parameters, either an Advanced Distance or an Advanced Power test module is
used to test the underexcitation function. See the specific PTT manual for a detailed description on the
underexcitation tests.
Other protection functions used to protect the motor may trip during this test, especially if higher fault
currents are injected into the relay.
Overcurrent Protection
Pickup Test
The overcurrent pickup is tested using the Overcurrent test module. The smallest pickup of all active
phase, residual, negative sequence and zero sequence overcurrent elements is tested. The pickup
current is assessed.
Trip Time Test
The trip times are tested with the Overcurrent test module.
The Ground Minimum Trip Current Test might interfere with the Sensitive Earth Fault function, when SEF
is set with a low minimum trip current and a long trip time. To avoid this interference, the Ground Minimum
Trip Current Test uses the Pulse Ramping test module when a SEF function is activated in the recloser
controller. The test current is pulsed with the current amplitude being raised in each new current pulse.
The time of each of the current pulses is short enough to force the ground overcurrent element to trip
without tripping the SEF element.
The time settings for all fault states are not linked. They may have to be adapted if the preset time is not
sufficient for the active settings.
All trip times are measured; all Interval times are measured and assessed. Additionally, a Level
Assessment of the Fault Cleared state is implemented, which assesses that no trip command must be
sent during the Fault Cleared state.
Successful reclosing sequences are tested for phase and ground faults.
Only the Interval times are measured and assessed in the Reset Timer tests. Additionally, Level
Assessments are active to ensure that no Trip command is sent during the Reset Time state and that no
Close command is sent during the Lockout state.
Functionality
The PTTs cover tests for a 1-/3-pole automatic reclosing (AR) mode using a protection area of 100% line
length. This may be a differential protection function or an overreaching zone of a distance protection
function. The templates have to be adapted, if you are using a different application concerning mode or
additional signals, e.g. a CB ready signal or CB aux. contacts.
Important: The Iterative Closed-Loop simulation method of RelaySimTest is used for testing the AR
function. Further information can be found in the RelaySimTest help.
Test Scenarios
The AR function is tested with faults at 100% line length (resp. on both line ends for end-to-end tests).
The phase-selective trip signals and the close command signal of the relay are measured and assessed.
In the AR successful (cycle 1) test, the line fault extinguishes after a time delay of 100 ms. In the AR
successful after cycle 2 test, the line fault has to extinguish during the second interruption. Therefore, the
Delay since previous event for the Line fault 1 inactive event (see Figure 6) has to be set greater than
the dead time of the first AR cycle plus a time which covers two trip times and CB opening times (e.g.
200 ms). In the AR unsuccessful test, the fault remains until the end of the test.
For cross-checking an AR distance zone, the power system has to be extended by a following line. The
tests have to be created manually.
Functionality
The PTTs cover tests for the teleprotection with distance protection function and the following modes:
• Permissive Underreach
• Permissive Overreach
• Blocking
Test Scenarios
The teleprotection with distance protection function is tested with significant faults at the following
locations:
• Busbar 1
• Busbar 2
• Line, 0%
• Line, 50%
• Line, 100%
The trip signals and the send signal of the relay are measured and assessed according to the expected
relay behavior of the teleprotection mode. The assessment of the send signal is important to differentiate
between the three teleprotection modes.
Important: The Iterative Closed-Loop simulation method of RelaySimTest is disabled for testing the
teleprotection function. With Iterative Closed-Loop enabled, please adjust the trip time assessments for
the “Fault on Busbar” test cases according to your application (iterative tripping of relay 1 and relay 2
possible). Further information about Iterative Closed-Loop can be found in the RelaySimTest help.
Functionality
The PTTs cover tests for the different modes of the weak infeed function for teleprotection with distance
protection:
• Only echo (with Permissive Overreach)
• Only weak infeed operate (with Permissive Overreach or Underreach)
• Echo and weak infeed operate (with Permissive Overreach)
Test Scenarios
The weak infeed function in a permissive overreach scheme is tested with significant faults at the
following locations:
• Busbar 1
• Busbar 2
• Line, 0%
• Line, 100%
The weak infeed function in a permissive underreach scheme is tested with significant faults at the
following locations:
• Busbar 1
• Busbar 2
• Line, 50%
The trip signals and the send/echo signals of the relay are measured and assessed according to the
expected relay behavior of the weak infeed mode.