DEBRECENI EGYETEM

MŰSZAKI KAR
GÉPÉSZMÉRNÖKI TANSZÉK

Technical drawing
Dr. Czégé Levente
Czege.levente@eng.unideb.hu; 307. szoba
 Technical drawing
1. The engineering drawing
2. Titel block
3. Scale
4. Standards
5. Lettering
6. Types of engineering drawings
7. Géprajzok megjelenési formái

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Technical drawing
• Engineering drawing is a two dimensional representation of three
dimensional objects. In general, it provides necessary information
about the shape, size, surface quality, material, manufacturing
process, etc., of the object.
• It is the graphic language from which a trained person can visualise
objects.
• In an industry, these drawings help both the technical as well as
commercial staffs at various stages like: conceptual stage, design
stage, modification stage, prototype development stage, process and
production planning, production, inspection, marketing, Servicing and
maintenance, etc.

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Technical drawing
• Drawing sheet is the medium on which drawings are prepared by
means of pencils or pen. Drawing sheets are available in standard
sizes.
• A standard A0 size sheet is the one with an area of 1 m2 and having
dimensions of 1189 x 841. Each higher number sheet (A1, A2, A3, etc.
in order) is half the size of the immediately lower numbered sheet.

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Technical drawing

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A műszaki rajz
• Lines
• Lines is one important aspect of technical drawing.
• Various types of lines are used to construct drawing, each line used in
some specific sense. Lines are drawn following standard conventions.
• A line may be curved, straight, continuous, segmented.
• It may be drawn as thin or thick.

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Technical drawing

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A műszaki rajz

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Title block
• An important feature which is a must in every drawing sheet.
• The title box is drawn at the bottom right hand corner of every drawing
sheet and provides technical and administrative details regarding the
drawing/component.
• The title box is divided in to two zones: (a) part identification zone and (b)
additional information zone.
• In the part identification zone, information like the component identification
number , name of the part, the legal owner of the drawing (i.e. the name of
firm/component/etc will be highlighted.
• in the additional information zone, technical information like symbols indicating the
system of projection, scale of drawing, method of indicating surface texture,
geometric tolerances, etc. will be highlighted.

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Title block

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Title block

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Title block
• Attól függően, hogy a feliratmezőt a rajzlap hosszabb vagy rövidebb
oldalán (a jobb alsó sarokban) helyezik el, lehet a rajz fekvő vagy álló.
• Olvasási főirányok: egy műszaki rajz mindig alulról és jobbról kell
olvasható legyen.

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Scale
• There is a need to reduce or enlarge while drawing the objects on
paper. Some objects can be drawn to their actual size. The proportion
by which the drawing of aan object is enlarged or reduced is called
the scale of the drawing.
• A scale is defined as the ratio of the linear dimensions of the object
as represented in a drawing to the actual dimensions of the same.

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Scale

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Scale

M 1:2 M 1:1 M 2:1

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 Standards
• "A standard is a document, established by consensus, that provides rules,
guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results”(As defined in
ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004).
• Standards are voluntary for organizations.
• In some cases it is compulsory to use standards:
• Contracts: if it is declared in the contract.
• Litigation: in case of legal proceedings the content of the concerned standard is
authoritative.
• If the standrad is obligated by the law. (eg.: safety)

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 Standards
Benefits of Standardization
• Reductions in types and dimensions of identical components (inventory
control).
• Reduction in manufacturing facilities.
• Easy to replace (Interchangeability).
• No need to design or test the elements.
• Improves quality and reliability.
• Improves reputation of the company which manufactures standard
components.
• Sometimes it ensures the safety.
• It results in overall cost reduction.
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 Standards
Interconnection of standard types
MSZ: national standard
ISO: international standard
EN: european standard
MSZ EN: nationalized european standard
MSZ ISO: nationalized international standard
MSZ EN ISO: international standard acknowledged in
the EU as well.

EN ISO 5457 Technical drawings, product definition and related documentation

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 Lettering
• The essential features of lettering on
technical drawings are, legibility,
uniformity.
• In order to meet these requirements, the
characters are to be clearly distinguishable
from each other in order to avoid any
confusion between them.

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Szabványírás

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Types of engineering drawings
Machine Drawing
• It is pertaining to machine parts
or components. It is presented
through a number of
orthographic views, so that the
size and shape of the component
is fully understood. Part drawings
and assembly drawings belong to
this classification.

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Types of engineering drawings
Production Drawing
• A production drawing should furnish all the dimensions, limits and
special finishing processes such as heat treatment, honing, lapping,
surface finish, etc., to guide the craftsman on the shop floor in
producing the component. The title should also mention the material
used for the product, number of parts required for the assembled
unit, etc.
• Since a craftsman will ordinarily make one component at a time, it is
advisable to prepare the production drawing of each component on a
separate sheet.

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Types of engineering drawings

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Types of engineering drawings
Assembly Drawing
• A drawing that shows the various parts of a machine in their correct
working locations is an assembly drawing.

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Freehand sketch
• Often freehand sketching can be used to explore and communicate
mental concepts that come about in the mind’s eye.
• The process of sketching can solidify and fill out rough concepts.
• Sketching captures the ideas in a permanent form that can be used to
communicate the concept to others.
• Freehand sketching quickly translates the image of the concept in the
mind’s eye to paper.
• Engineers often communicate via rough freehand sketches to refine
and improve the design.

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Freehand sketch
• Horizontal lines are drawn from left to right. Horizontal lines are lines
parallel to the lower edge of the drawing paper.
• Vertical lines are sketched from the top downward.
• Short lines (max. 10-30 mm) are drawn with finger movement while
long lines are made with arm movement. Long lines, however, may be
drawn in segments.

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Freehand sketch
• Nearly horizontal or vertical lines are frequently easier to draw than
inclined lines, so it may be helpful to shift the paper to draw the line
horizontally or vertically.

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Freehand sketch
A straight line is sketched in the following ways:
a./ Sketch the endpoints of the line as dots or small crosses. Then place your pencil
on the starting endpoint. Keeping your eyes on the terminal point, use a smooth
continuous stroke to draw the line between the points.
b./ For long lines, it may be helpful to mark two or three points along the line and
use the procedure between consecutive points or to make two or three shorter
passes lightly with the pencil before a final darker line.

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Freehand sketch
• Square.

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Freehand sketch
• Dividing a line.

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Freehand sketch
• Sketching a circle: The centre of the circle should be under the wrist.

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Freehand sketch
Sketching a circle:
• First, draw light horizontal and vertical lines crossing at the center of
the circle.
• Second, lightly mark the radius of the circle on each line. Finally,
connect the radius marks with a curved line to form a circle.

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Freehand sketch
Sketching a circle:
• Lightly draw a square box the same size as the circle diameter.
• Then lightly draw diagonals of the box and centerlines between midpoints of the
sides of the box.
• Mark the radius on these lines, and sketch the circle within the box.

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Freehand sketch
• Ellipse: on sketches ellipse is always a distorted view of a cirlce. First,
draw light lines as axis of the ellipse. Second, lightly mark the vertices
of the ellipse on each line. Finally, connect these marks with a curved
line to form an ellipse.
•

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Freehand sketch
• Often freehand sketching begins with light thin lines called
construction lines that define enclosing boxes for the shape that is
being sketched.
• The construction lines become the path for the final straight lines of
the sketch.
• The intersection of construction lines specify the length of the final
lines.
• Points marked by the intersection of construction lines guide the
sketching of circles and arcs.
• Construction lines guide the proportions of the sketch.

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Freehand sketch
• Freehand sketch in axonometrie

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Freehand sketch

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