Tt ow fase ae Cheri stay which dealé with cha — g rami st eens duet clectuicity. OX Vice Vaca. . 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This = nity fe £3 C-Watinen) throng 1 lle > _ — Puchesential dit — Change “Theosiy - = — v qd = fort Anion = = — : soy > Noy > OWT > of > Be SO __ = a sata seams _ 2 _E — lsPunduct 9 ; eh eesti V — OMIA Dog, och ——NeCl tay) ——) At law) + ¢(~ (aa) HO eet Wo - ——Anede ts a - 2 Conve, glut ~ ~ _ in AR Hy - oer —_) — —-— Cl + = Cth, Poked) —Cotede (=) Qon7 —> ho LO, + 907 —_ oO, Producd at Anode Cathode (+) _ : _ -§ ant + 2e7 — 3 hy - h, Product at Cothode a CP fe fi Rolie) : <1]Date : - Page No. Electrolysis —Ailvey _anituele —dolution 40s gh oS * + OT eeee — A390 === Anode (+) ge NOW OH7 oe 2007 — > 50 ner eve a L__+s yeot+jO0 — a = _ > Cathode (-) _ >> Ag, ut ro Sag QO iv deposife. —EEEEE =~ Ay i Os Le => a > Lusi] 2 Electuotysia oD Coppex dulPhoke Anlution = Cusoy —————>_—@t_ + och » Lo. = Ht + on 2 Anode@) _ _ a ‘oy > DHT : one —3 edu + 2e7 PV Vu ae By, | |ectroly He eH Aulphute bol: usi - nr od, Gusoy 4) ———-¥ Cu? +503 ane - a hye == Moe one Anode lt) : oe SER te donot Para pate tn vedor 24 en a Gy _4 ottakeble elechiode £ - _ a itself get oxidiad. Gl) => GP" +r 3 Go tibencted) ~ @ Elechio fleting @ e 6 e v ® © © e © oe a poles fomekl a Lau Ges Coeting on ee eee rs erred ® Gi] ve) Osma ments Tropune Pasa Ame a rneta nese LE Pe > Galvenisetion —__darvele) fee tras) FF (2 Coating i gz lectuolyst, oo v “Tit lowe : _ a _ . ______ Moss _dlepoaited ot Libéno lel on on electuode 14. ---—& ___divecHy 9x10 Poutional tm _quanti though ff, __ ee. 2 a => Some ¢— ws Electuinchemi cal equi valent Qmaetal __ ® & =D Aependd ufon nature s ® deposi or Liberal an_electhode wher _ _ ithDate = Page No. sae! 7 oe Imole (le 8°3) _ ~~ _2mole (axiee J) —— oa @) ere > Nur WD determine amant change in dota to_obtein og 2p _——_Ca_}uom__Ca-Sow . > —fas0y— — La — _ — Means 3. (o"% +9e7 ——9 Co - Ser anole ge~__Imale pane athage ey XE yo _ — > Ty 20 3 a. 2 De > : He 4 op Obsaintel_by £ dog “CE As > ran > Clee ae a > > Alo, ——>~ AL - 5 tors 3 ALT? +3e- —3 AL _ > 2 _3mole__—)_Imale __ - =— 3x96500 * 21 OC. ay _ hue —_— — —— 2 Caltulole change in Raiedoy to obtain 124 Oa mak st P_by — eletuolysia .— ee HO" ee HE es ou ee 0 1S 2291 +98 _ ho oF bos +2e7— fewaday 2rd Jap — le y ————Gnneckd in __Soted thon mass deposi o_O move _electiniytic cell _aue —___ Aid oy —_lbete kd __on an electinde ts all Honal . pacing ~ : alittecttyy Pio petiona esuivolent —.ooit Lo os k | TORO ORROTS i Spratley tinny a Qn blu —— sipped in Im § 2n C cus aue ) Wey Zar X F500 _ ; _ Wen zn| ( + foot 3 mer depatitel of feu] beta tel ahem Irae) & eS & & & - Wen = Zen x C500 & —& —& & € Ss s5 Quer Thnee dlectualghit Cell A,B £C ane Connecttd sin gees _ > having 27) Cu, Ag electuode dipped _ in _2nSDy—) Cus Oy » “ Ag NOs 4ol- oo = > T1708 5 Q Ay deposited At (atime oa pada OS A Cuwtent . — ficient it 22 65: 54 —— > Detemine | Cys 62 6q {| > —— !) Mass Q Gk zn depaited Lag 2 totg J = 5 ) How a Guaent Qlovd_ “in the Guourh “yy — @+ cxt arte AY FO asce sXe 96 s00¢ —> PE > 9S) _ exlent i _ = Hi i —— — . . > > “Mobility st @_Mobiti ioma — CohHion” tt 3 maxs Anion Qu - mox-_ = - moby tote oT < ot a = ent alee. 4 ——— _ Tama _ Xelaked to Conduction Q dbolution Cond ucton ce (6) 7 TT Pin yyy ee Rs Value —chenge _ pL Galuanometen oleflecion 20 te &l —_ pee _— j i Byes = , u _ a —Gsurying —-@pacity writ Ysleas _sol — a = SO BUF _ es ee\ (Bx x3 awed (Pee laHionshi: GER . — _ a rn = § xp ni tee Aten Qg - oo a ee Suoss ection 2 (andojingx. —_ a $s = iL ———— ae Umit Q le = Ohl ac fc) ger" e Gnsont — — © — [Polen Cond caret Um) gas — : pT 4 the Conductonce meas € QAthat Volume o> colt which Grbins te Lranle ele te © ~~ _@ — 2 - Clechiclyle ee New ‘ 4 : ° 7 ent fox ya eax e mo)2 + Arn 7 € [Mem 3 f-Vxk, va = EXD Volume | wo Cr? 2 € Timbo ae - — Which Contoing Imole € Gh elecbiolybe -€ Te eiclaulty ia given — 1 -§ roland ‘| molek puestnit te —in_looocn® do) s = looo Molasiity , ara ‘ Mol OO Pea “Valid —— ‘ Unit co) Arn > Ohm? “raal 3 “| =* ~ Date 1 Page No. "Gouinwlurk canduckmee ND in Conductones that SH —_olume _Q sol Which Cortpin _ a 7 a a Y elechinlyle. _ _ 2 + — ~» fe =e x1200 | ~~ Nournati 7S, faotanahia pid ones conducbne_ Conductoneg Ags Kx Joo@ 7 * Molawiidy x01) ~ L - ~ Aes = a ° im Por eet Spo \ le Plotavity = : g vvvvd Ara olM ___ Kistonee 2 500 k 2 K Xlooo » a | | box 2 x107* Soo loo > | | | | 32x MYPAT D022 nent cn rot Motaxti ty oo 19 _x1lo0 0 O-1Bue A_Centain —Cunment _Litputatea 0- 5049 cf Hain Dhouns. —___Hew__mnony grams. q—foppa G@n__be beveled by + tha Same Cuuent_ Qloso}ng _fou_tho Same time by * —_Cusdy _Avluttion = ys a Se te ____ Mo Q_g ey. Q_ pacl_= mo. Q _g eg: 2 Hy Produc a = _O* 50 ae5- 7 a bod GQ ions per Umit ("A= d4imes when Cone ay _ —Nolume ab 4 Ren conc. = elsheng ehectHolyte tale elecholy ke —— Cn_ arta polation Cuune fou sttong eectialyte Gut y-axis p* —as__Am chong e —Alnwly _.o¥4n dilution clue_to_ small L'a Beeeeee) Yt =) eee lit 0212-17 (1a nna n en ene EEE nnNEmEneEnEE 3K _mndany ioe Con detumine AS jo hing_elttlyic api P MX But Gn'+ Detemine fou_votak clecial gies Cusive Cont Cut yeoxls =e ly due to _ropid a “a ital —cectiatg —— Bedepandent: Migration g jond —__ ____ oo At. 2—alluton anton butions Gan ion trwands Am 4 Aegy i i a re ee _ mc) le cae on eae) - rei Peondchonee —— _ Conductence of ie OTe Taine 1 pooh ig We. tp sang —2lectMolite -bovi nh Common ion.Date : a Page No. Are Chycooh 29 | slag Kohlowsth Wap Aw? _CHatoone = x \Ai8 chstoon = Astor + Aye — D AR Noel = 4 [Aficuyoona = Xeuspos + 2%oct Ate bet = 2 [AB won 2 9290 4 9 —O - AB et Pt Oe — D O-oiGG _ \xpe-y. @ @ 4 le \-) 4» ele te elo ee @® ~Te_detomine @ £ ®& . u ~ elissected en) aguee Comston: a _ ed chatl (ey weak ociotion electuolyte. a ee —* Jou = pe. isclabd Af | ue mols Q clectuntyye token, 7 Abi F Tks Ca® [ mk -@_=5_detumine —Aulubiliy Q dpanngly Soluble cold. ‘ed — Ara 2 ik xX1o08 Molanity 7 Bt 0 dilution _ Molaui ty = colubihy A= Ave a Ly - - : ee ee = = > ’ xX1o00 _ Solub' iit. Solubility =_kxlo00 | AR EEDate = Page No. Electstochernical Cell L Coalvenic Col) A desice_ia_ohich chemical fnegy Converted inte _flecttical _ engy itn in dinect ¥edox Proc ns Oi de > Cals) 7 (ont) | = k 7 I> — Fad atl | Fiona “Cobode. ; > D-2nias jae |€ | | | 998 — Lectionraohive_ fouce [Eem-A) — Porn Hal aiff: bl onode__ £ Gthede chen no _load- f4esent in extemal — Cheat. Wd ge . . Ostend Ecett s- Ecothode —EAnode _ pa Vhaw he lion layin PE _ : Porential Po¥nHal ~—-QCotnode _ — ani i = ax ee : - = pt Bn Det oe - - Secon - > s~ typed ; - = =a ~ —_ ox daHon lucHon ; poate Polen Hal + Ot fede - ood e- & ° - s ion saitfen Benet + L : 4 - I Reduction oxidation — ; | | if || FP fhDate + SS Page No. > = = = : a —____Umden_ some Condition SSS fit metal : ee sl How “to. Detunming “Electiode_ Potential I~ = / ___“Steia__Single electrode _Con't_act as Onode ow Cotbecle e aence elec Stondoxrd hyaluog en electode (S+H>t) — gy - 1, G) > an%agy Fre~ Catnodel- Hlow) +27 3 Hy (3) Cassa ¥a) nl GG 2 een eee Efe) tin =O ee fap = . a > Evel = £%otnode — Cianode. | a > ~—— 0-16 V = EB pe pty, = Eon 7 - OV + 9 ~ty a — Q—-__£2n 9 -o-tev ; __ > | - — -Date eet TT Os Sine Z _ oe | : L | = f a - U - ! ES eetl = EXoimode = Efnede _ — 0734 V Buy — & ‘eepnt | O34v 2 C%u —o a EG, = 4+0°34V wie { Gnclualon ; { _tlement with “Ve Reduction PakntialLsmetlen velue) avo § ele Ytactive ove i e foo C Ve Reduction Fottntial meant tesa ¥eactiue den Hp 4 4 _Llectnio cheraicol Seve Sosied ___ “Te ausangerment

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Kista Anode. aoe Ase ic ALU ——> aly a0} xr. —Lathodet- fe 4ar——> Fe Tx | | I | || | rane 2A 3¢6"_——9 al +360 6) E0:F col 9 ee t R —Eonoole ts = Po + 2). a) Boy oo ererdohon ——alf_atton) |e? um) ff, if 9 PP DH= ) Detenat-ration — Q- Non _stondauel rel elechuoae tl t Eta f ———-“uaing_ Neunat 9.” a _ M. Coll . elect) eS Ratoduck Cone + Reactant Canc, oe awaday change a WF Redaxe C98 09 > > pT: — _ _ a _ ~ f= -E= 09-0591 log a - $a n a ~~ ~~ a a > wine electrode Pokntial Q 2m * i Br] POroImM 8 tt cn Em = -0-16 y- a _ S_2n" 426 —>» ants) _ _ M22) 3 ___f2n_=_E2n— 0-059) log n 2) -0-16 — 9-054) a Bey] = 2 2» >) =8-16 = 9-058 log _1 — 2 = 7 - — 2 moth 90 54) sabe oe = _ ee ea 2 ss) 0-92 Vv. oe a at ames E: PO - 0-054) “wh | u yo -o- 055). | tos lo ge 7 > bay = -RA fem as Wt er ww E+ £=q0sa) toy : : n ~ 2 O- 04054! by Be _ ! “te = 0-059) log e598 94 )=0:059) x3 —— Vv Non- Stondarnd — Clechtochernical cell £-1 rl 4 £Gu = flew ~ 2: -202 er fe ae Se os Eu oo. . ren . —____= Fall a-054 toy a (my 200) | ee ans ___&- Retewmine. ec Eeeit __ —Aypae * lore ee) my on fe*(o- mee ee z= Dal a agen ee ena — FZ?_feell 2 Even =0-052) log @ oe 7 etter ee 7 = (-o-e pl) - 9-054) 0g AC 4 a ore | | | + 203 205 (my foJ® oe eg 20-3 ~0-054) lay 10° _ “ $ F034 0059) x 6 5S 0-35 Vv - 7 _ 7O___Detev mination _}_Electuode Sota ertinteDoka pee : ee . C Ge2 oo x Aon a educde 0 Cee] Fe = fe2* +20" > Fe n=s2 —@__£,” € Fed Fe =9 Feit + ae-> > Fe mes —@ Fo 2 _ Ain @ =D + 2 Aga = Ab, + AG _ ais anf mgt - Mas = nee mey _ _ - OES etme — _ _ ng ee 2») _L£+24 _ = Pr 3 a _ - 2D Ge detsmine cell is — _ mM ___fe | fe (o-e1m) }] AL™* (0-001 m)] abo Lac} al 2 Mv _ ——— a fe fe = eS os _— Eeatt = £*= 9-954 log & n ee = - - +e _ ——— ¥ 7 _ —Conarlin G—— oe aa - mode £ Gtnode ~— ES Some aenetol dipped in Some_ ere es auth haved. if: Cone _ = ws, 2 Sa emiecnon J ic _ G4 Such cell (Call = 0) : ae Prete Cll J& — Tie ese - —& _ _ but gas hnvclued _ — i /orenP _* = & ‘Bes Fela} et tee fay Gl Reaction will & —be__Spontencowr if - A) R= 8) > — & atin D) fp =A = Latin 9 pipeee - oe 0 a — aa —2et =a lets) 20 2er ~ a _ saan » Gace net) Gihode EEE > 7 - _ wf = om =0-0 54 tap — yf Le T a oe o ef me ——— > - 2-0: 054 tog fh - 7 > = 20-958) ng > © oe ~ 3 a - > — F Relatfonshtp blw £-m-F 2 colt £ AG 3 AG = -ve Q use jal ood 7 a lene by dystere oo - 2 =electitcol took _ 2 - 3 =chanye. x Potentiel. dif ae —_ i > =nf x Evel _ 3 Ao_2_=nF feet} Ags -né eau _ _ > Relomtionship bj Evelt Lk (epuslonstont) 3 ar >= At’ +2: 303 £7 (09.6 — __{von't vei 4) _ So AG" = -2"303 eT log 2 fe Eval = £22303 RT og a a leg ks lela ee DP [og k= eit | > at age) — 4 6-059] 2 _oe - = ——+ — Cell a a \ — hich elt he nechauger — See ana wee Ta) e FP gt techlenche Gil sv) ge _ cen aprile sod Lo thodle ——— + 7 rt a har —£ _ T+ -| nist Paste e EE {4 tt Manse a | Ul _ aie eos a a eo —gapattine SA wens Gree Conteinen Se - OF nck anbyct & At fmede -2n_—3 Dpr?* +9¢- © At Cotmode © Mo, + 2NHit +0 Bro, t2NH3 +H,d = Dole Zn jon Combine sith Nia Jour 0 Complex [an imi T 2 —This_Cll_ do met Pradside_(ontont Voltage sterough out ie ros ——tine —hecoude electue lye Gone. chenge wot time e > HA _Cell _ecome dod aliet Some time even ft ie met —___In_use becouse Amonium chlowide al tole wwe ; Zinc. so se Use Fouous Popo lime to slow down © this Pua car, & 9 —Mlewy Call_o Bution Gall —-35v) _& - =fytephie Tet - & 7 * mmolat Ponte Ze for ere < Oy gO 2 ro, tape qT@ Date No. Page es ——but_ 08) £440. > Hy!) + 20n7 - 7s do _nert chonge—icith Hime “41 Quovider _Gnatont —Voltoge — though out Ue time.» tA mot Env Luamental | feted ce—ie$ Puerence * = — nest Canby es esi J ~~ Coser at cien — Poss (0a) 4) 2 fsou W) +20 - sere: zk Papal 50% ; + Ut 407 ——> Prsoy 2H, 0- ——__-_ Oy get So Speci pi Coll, ene ore Dict ee——_ Ghaaging) [Ext Voltage EmeE geal] — a _ CrectclyHe Gl Nechanisn cm _ ———dissolvtel to, 50, etc. 40 arte ad elechiolyte e 0 a 5 dine seachuity Q H 1A -Iras ton fe cay s 28 fo Ht get peductd ——$@. Angdy Femetal Cothede _r Fe —> fe? +r0- 2s bon 3 on - nx er 2H +10, 3 wo. a PT OHO DOs Angle a Sua feta & roa, o- e _ _ - pe. 4.0,-Mh0 fes0y-2HD: & be. clechuochemi al Setup tne Place aud Metal _ - ~ 3 enidised —_omeand Como ded p97 5 blFacto schich dedde fel Q Cautotion a > O Beoctvity og Mel yp _ — y Rate 2 Comuorio 3 a > get oxidised Metal 9 @_ Presence _Q Tnp sidiea te - = > Tin pure metal Comode ostiy. __ 7 —e “leas %achve elernent iP ies > 4 pn - a y® Presen line water) _ a _ Me Cea a Jouce metal to acta ot onede.. = Mlethed in Presont Cowintiog : a 2 Weapons ble fou. Cosmosion do not (ome in Corttoe-+ v0’ _ oem FS sesifiel orci a a Aetna § onal sity — —___In__oxidetion, __ ee @_falvenisetion — =P Bera _ © - nv Se SHoth- : B __2n_Coating on Fe. — AO, — z “Tn ning a an a “ark on toke Sn Gaaling “on m Ee ply 2S — st send sth atin Q joun ~ tte pace 4 _Fuel cell eT 7 * Fy « } md — #7 | | FT a 3 A device uohich Geoseereetebtoin convent Combustion enes crn into _elec-tticol eneugy ‘Sa _Feeg Hy Fuelcell (fart uacel in Apollo 4 tot = Se pra set) {t+ MgO + 2e- —3 9 ou Papen = Ho. | < ea oe « = aE | 7) oo +20n7- 20+ 20- 4 2 — Cle with Pt,eo — } = Adu anto; ye - oe > - en envi Hon mental Quiendly. _ » uy) High edticons Grex 8%) oe ~~ Didadventose_ a Se . — Costly. a Oo WO Efficreney g— puct call —— > ——- are a > 4 = elecbuicol enengy x loo _ ett enesigy a — = pee ~~ hh ee —_ Lg) yduogeaubon-0 pele a —_—_ (so Pone 92) N= ; = a > Gg “+ 6HyO —> atop ? Gada = Thations . _ a ae tations ave boatel on dha pick that dating dine. — f_tétuction » one Qe fons 18 Yepleted by the othe .now thee pod ze ions ilo tn theis_ionic Conduct vities which _ Yeault 4 Vay! ing Consluchity duniing Ao. Cowise Q tttelion . bo Conductometic ttuolions (on be — > Poi formiel in Schutiond whee te ions _hove digeen eth Conductivilies and | Se ee LS _-+20 e7 ae a — mo bilities we Gon hove _urttnest Canes fesolg- fens ined ad _boses ete, a 2 Song acid Vs Steong Be _ Consideved htuation @) HCL (Stony ccd) with Nodn Isto oy base) a AniNielly swith pure UCL —.the fonductonce vey. high due to 1ho highly ae al: . a oe Qnducing ions : wows One we stork adding rota fans mabey gp aue_xeptterd s0itn Net (slow mouirg) theueby dec toxivg Overell @nductonce. Bill dhe equivalence pomt. whew woe Kove only Macl i _oum cols Now pe futher add Noort then the sole stata hosing om excess C7 OH jong « ohich_inuteases the Conductivity + Hence if we plot a gusph Q— Conductonce Versus Volume Qwaon add tel | Ll ae