I”k (RMS)

FAUL TYPE BY SOFTWARE BY MANUAL VARIATION

3 PHASE 3.85 3.72 3.4 %

LINE TO GROUND 2.88 2.79 3.1 %
LINE TO LINE 3.15 3.02 4.1 %
DOUBLE LINE TO GROUND 3.4 3.2 5.9 %
THREE PHASE FAULT

G Δ Y
21kV 21/230kV 230kV
530MVA 530MVA Z1= Z2= 3.24% AT 530MVA
X”d= 21.6% Z1= Z2= 17.64% Z0=1.49% AT 530MVA
X2= 27.3% Z0=14.5%
X0=11.5%

j0.1764 j0.1764 j0.145

j0.216 j0.0324 j0.273 j0.0324 j0.115 j0.0149

∠00
1∠
G ∠00
1∠ G

POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK NEGATIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

I(1)fa I(2)fa I(0)fa

j0.02997 j0.03028 j0.0149

∠00
1∠ G

POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK NEGATIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

I(1)fa = 1/j0.02997 I(2)fa = 0 I(0)fa = 0
= - j 33.37pu
= 44.39 ∠-900kA
 THREE PHASE FAULT CON’T
I(1)faG I(1)faPG I(2)faG I(2)faPG I(0)faG I(0)faPG

j0.1764 j0.1764 j0.145

I(1)fa I(2)fa I(0)fa
j0.216 j0.0324 j0.273 j0.0324 j0.115 j0.0149

∠00
1∠ ∠00
G 1∠ G

POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK NEGATIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

I(1)faPG = (0.216 + 0.1764)/(0.216 + 0.1764 + 0.0324) x I(1)fa

= -j 30.82pu I(2)fa = 0 I(0)fa = 0
= 41.0∠ ∠-900kA I(2)faG = 0 I(0)faG = 0
I faG = 0.0324/(0.216 + 0.1764 + 0.0324) x I(1)fa
(1)
I(2)faPG = 0 I(0)faPG = 0
= -j 2.545pu
= 3.386 ∠-900kA
MULTIPLY BY VOLTAGE CORRECTION FACTER 1.1
I(1)faG = 1.1 x 3.386 ∠-900kA
= 3.725 ∠-900kA

IAG 1 1 1 I(1)faG

IBG = 1 a2 a I(2)faG
ICG 1 a a2 I(0)faG

IAG = 3.725 ∠-900kA

IBG = 3.725 ∠-900kA
ICG = 3.725 ∠-900kA
SINGLE PHASE TO GROUND FAULT

G Δ Y
21kV 21/230kV 230kV
530MVA 530MVA Z1= Z2= 3.24% AT 530MVA
X”d= 21.6% Z1= Z2= 17.64% Z0=1.49% AT 530MVA
X2= 27.3% Z0=14.5%
X0=11.5%

j0.1764 j0.1764 j0.145

j0.216 j0.0324 j0.273 j0.0324 j0.115 j0.0149

∠00
1∠
G ∠00
1∠ G

POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK NEGATIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

I(1)fa I(2)fa I(0)fa

j0.02997 j0.03028 j0.0149

∠00
1∠ G

POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK NEGATIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

I(1)fa = I(2)fa =I(0)fa = 1/j (0.02997 + 0.03028 + 0. 0149)
= - j 13.31pu
= 17.71 ∠-900kA
 SINGLE PHASE TO GROUND FAULT CON’T
I(1)faG I(1)faPG I(2)faG I(2)faPG I(0)faG I(0)faPG

j0.1764 j0.1764 j0.145

I(1)fa I(2)fa I(0)fa
j0.216 j0.0324 j0.273 j0.0324 j0.115 j0.0149

∠00
1∠ ∠00
G 1∠ G

POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK NEGATIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

I(1)faPG = (0.216 + 0.1764)/(0.216 + 0.1764 + 0.0324) x I(1)fa I(2)faPG = (0.273 + 0.1764)/(0.216 + 0.1764 + 0.0324) x I(2)fa I(0)faPG = I(0)fa
= -j 12.29 pu = -j 12.41pu = -j 13.31pu
= 16.35∠ ∠-900kA = 16.51∠ ∠-900kA = 17.71∠∠-900kA
I faG = 0.0324/(0.216 + 0.1764 + 0.0324) x I(1)fa
(1) I faG = 0.0324/(0.273+ 0.1764 + 0.0324) x I(2)fa
(2) I(0)faG = 0
= -j 1.015pu = -j 895pu
= 1.35 ∠-900kA = 1.19 ∠-900kA
MULTIPLY BY VOLTAGE CORRECTION FACTER 1.1 MULTIPLY BY VOLTAGE CORRECTION FACTER 1.1
I(1)faG = 1.1 x 1.35 ∠-900kA I(2)faG = 1.1 x 1.19∠∠-900kA
= 1.485 ∠-900kA = 1.309 ∠-900kA

IAG 1 1 1 I(1)faG

IBG = 1 a2 a I(2)faG
ICG 1 a a2 I(0)faG

IAG = 2.79 ∠-900kA

IBG = 1.40 ∠970kA
ICG = 1.40 ∠830kA
LINE TO LINE FAULT

G Δ Y
21kV 21/230kV 230kV
530MVA 530MVA Z1= Z2= 3.24% AT 530MVA
X”d= 21.6% Z1= Z2= 17.64% Z0=1.49% AT 530MVA
X2= 27.3% Z0=14.5%
X0=11.5%

j0.1764 j0.1764 j0.145

j0.216 j0.0324 j0.273 j0.0324 j0.115 j0.0149

∠00
1∠
G ∠00
1∠ G

POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK NEGATIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

I(1)fa I(2)fa I(0)fa

j0.02997 j0.03028 j0.0149

∠00
1∠ G

POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK NEGATIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

I(1)fa = I(2)fa = 1/j (0.02997 + 0.03028) I(0)fa = 0
= - j 16.6pu
= 22.08 ∠-900kA
 LINE TO LINE FAULT CON’T
I(1)faG I(1)faPG I(2)faG I(2)faPG I(0)faG I(0)faPG

j0.1764 j0.1764 j0.145

I(1)fa I(2)fa I(0)fa
j0.216 j0.0324 j0.273 j0.0324 j0.115 j0.0149

∠00
1∠ ∠00
G 1∠ G

POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK NEGATIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

I(1)faPG = (0.216 + 0.1764)/(0.216 + 0.1764 + 0.0324) x I(1)fa I(2)faPG = (0.273 + 0.1764)/(0.216 + 0.1764 + 0.0324) x I(2)fa I(0)faPG = I(0)fa
= -j 15.33 pu = -j 15.48 pu = 0
= 20.4 ∠-900kA = 20.6 ∠-900kA I(0)faG = 0
I faG = 0.0324/(0.216 + 0.1764 + 0.0324) x I(1)fa
(1) I faG = 0.0324/(0.273+ 0.1764 + 0.0324) x I(2)fa
(2)

= -j 1.27pu = -j 1.12pu
= 1.70∠ ∠-900kA = 1.48 ∠-900kA
MULTIPLY BY VOLTAGE CORRECTION FACTER 1.1 MULTIPLY BY VOLTAGE CORRECTION FACTER 1.1
I(1)faG = 1.1 x 1.70 ∠-900kA I(2)faG = 1.1 x 1.48∠∠-900kA
= 1.86 ∠-900kA = 1.63 ∠-900kA

IAG 1 1 1 I(1)faG

IBG = 1 a2 a I(2)faG
ICG 1 a a2 I(0)faG

IAG = 0.23 ∠-900kA

IBG = 3.02 ∠1780kA
ICG = 3.02 ∠20kA
DOUBLE LINE TO GROUND FAULT

G Δ Y
21kV 21/230kV 230kV
530MVA 530MVA Z1= Z2= 3.24% AT 530MVA
X”d= 21.6% Z1= Z2= 17.64% Z0=1.49% AT 530MVA
X2= 27.3% Z0=14.5%
X0=11.5%

j0.1764 j0.1764 j0.145

j0.216 j0.0324 j0.273 j0.0324 j0.115 j0.0149

∠00
1∠
G ∠00
1∠ G

POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK NEGATIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

I(1)fa
j0.02997 I(0)fa
I(2)fa

j0.03028 j0.0149

∠00
1∠ G

POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK NEGATIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

I(1)fa = 1/j (0.02997+ 0.03028//0.0149 ) I(1)fa = 0.0149/( 0.03028 + 0.0149 ) x I(1)fa I(1)fa = 0.03028/( 0.03028 + 0.0149 ) x I(1)fa
= - j 25.03 pu = - j 8.25 pu = - j 16.78 pu
= 33.3 ∠-900kA = 11.0∠ ∠-900kA = 22.3∠ ∠-900kA
 DOUBLE LINE TO GROUND FAULT CON’T
I(1)faG I(1)faPG I(2)faG I(2)faPG I(0)faG I(0)faPG

j0.1764 j0.1764 j0.145

I(1)fa I(2)fa I(0)fa
j0.216 j0.0324 j0.273 j0.0324 j0.115 j0.0149

∠00
1∠ ∠00
G 1∠ G

POSITIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK NEGATIVE SEQUENCE NETWORK ZERO SEQUENCE NETWORK

I(1)faPG = (0.216 + 0.1764)/(0.216 + 0.1764 + 0.0324) x I(1)fa I(2)faPG = (0.273 + 0.1764)/(0.216 + 0.1764 + 0.0324) x I(2)fa I(0)faPG = I(0)fa
= -j 23.12 pu = -j 7.70 pu = 22.3 ∠-900kA
= 30.8 ∠-900kA = 10.24 ∠-900kA I(0)faG = 0
I faG = 0.0324/(0.216 + 0.1764 + 0.0324) x I(1)fa
(1) I faG = 0.0324/(0.273+ 0.1764 + 0.0324) x I(2)fa
(2)

= -j 1.91pu = -j 0.55 pu
= 2.54 ∠-900kA = 0.73 ∠-900kA
MULTIPLY BY VOLTAGE CORRECTION FACTER 1.1 MULTIPLY BY VOLTAGE CORRECTION FACTER 1.1
I(1)faG = 1.1 x 2.54 ∠-900kA I(2)faG = 1.1 x 0.73∠ ∠-900kA
0
= 0.8 ∠-90 kA
= 2.79 ∠-900kA

IAG 1 1 1 I(1)faG

IBG = 1 a2 a I(2)faG
ICG 1 a a2 I(0)faG

IAG = 2.0 ∠-900kA

IBG = 3.2 ∠1780kA
ICG = 3.2 ∠20kA