TITLE CHM420 LAB REPORT

SEMESTER OCT 2022

EXPERIMENT 7
NAME SITI NURANIS RUQAYYAH BINTI ZAINUDDIN
STUDENT ID 2022646624
PROGRAME AS222
GROUP 1
TYPE OF FILE WORD
 PAGE CONTENT
2 TABLE OF CONTENT
3 INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVE, RESULT
4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
5 QUESTIONS
6 REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
 Oxidation-reduction processes involve electrons transfer from one species to another.
Potassium permanganate has been widely used as an oxidizing agent and requires no indicator
unless very dilute solutions are used. The oxidizing action of KMnO4 in the acidic medium can
be represented by the following equation:
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- Mn2+ + 4H2O
Solution containing MnO4- ions are purple in colour and the solution containing Mn2+ ions
are colourless and hence permanganate solution is decolourised when added to a solution of a
reducing agent.

OBJECTIVE
To standardize the potassium permanganate solution by titration method

RESULTS
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Mass of sodium oxalate 0.364 g 0.345 g 0.311 g
Final burette reading (mL) 10.80 28.00 38.00
Initial burette reading 0.0 21.30 28.00
(mL)
Volume of KMnO4 (mL) 10.80 6.70 10.00

DISCUSSION
 Since we just need to utilize the right amount and concentration of potassium
permanganate in this experiment, standardization of the compound is essential. Na2C2O4 solution
act as a reducing agent as well as a primary standardized potassium permanganate.
During the titration, the colour of the solution from colourless to pink slowly. This colour
change indicates that the equivalence point in obtained.
There are a few possibility errors that will be occurs in this experiment. The first error
that could be happen is systematic errors-parallax error. The precaution needed to be taken to
avoid the error is to ensure our eye level is perpendicular to the scale of the measuring
instruments.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, standardization of the potassium permanganate solution by titration
method is achieved, with a correct amount and concentration of potassium permanganate used.

QUESTIONS
 1. Write the overall chemical equation for the redox reaction between potassium
permanganate and sodium oxalate.
2MnO4- (aq) + 5C2O42- (aq) + 16H+ (g) 2Mn2+ (aq) 10CO2 (g) + 4H2O (l)

2. Calculate the actual molarity of potassium permanganate solution.

Average mass of Na2C2O4 = (0.364 + 0.345 + 0.311) g ÷ 3

= 0.340 g
No of moles Na2C2O4 = 0.340 g × 1 mole Na2C2O4 / 134.0 gmol-1
= 0.0025 moles Na2C2O4
0.0025 moles Na2C2O4 × 2 moles KMnO4 / 5 moles Na2C2O4 = 0.001 moles KMnO4

Average volume KMnO4 = (10.8 + 6.7 + 10) mL ÷ 3

= 27.5 mL / 1000
= 0.0275 L

Molarity of KMnO4 = 0.001 moles / 0.0275 L

= 0.0364 M KMnO4

3. Explain why no indicator is needed in this experiment.

There were no indicators needed in this experiment because the chemicals themselves
that are being oxidized or reduced serve as indicators because redox involves completely
changing the electronic states of the element that is often colored. As we can see that the
colour of potassium permanganate is purple. The permanganate ion (purple colour)
responsible to reacts to form Mn2+, very pale pink in solid state but colourless situation.
Until the purplish color of the permanganate fades and the reaction is complete, there is
almost no permanganate left when reacting with sodium oxalate. The purple hue will
change into a colourless solution at the conclusion of the process. As indicators are used
to bring colour to colourless reactions, because one of the reactants has a colour that turns
colourless at the end of the reaction no indicator is required.

4. Explain why heating is necessary in the standardization of potassium permanganate.

Oxalic acid solution is heated before titration with KMnO4 solution because this reaction
happens only in certain temperature. Oxalic acid is heated to speed up the liberation of
Mn2+ ion which will then catalyze the reaction.

REFERENCES
Law, J., & Rennie, R. (2020). A Dictionary of Chemistry (Oxford Quick Reference) (8th ed.).

Oxford University Press.

Scholz, F., & Kahlert, H. (2019). Chemical equilibria in analytical chemistry : the
theory of acid-base, complex, precipitation and redox equilibria. Springer.

BYJU'S. (2011). Redox Titration - Definition and Examples of Oxidation-Reduction

Titration. Byjus.com. https://byjus.com/chemistry/redox-titration/

‌Vedantu. (2019, May 8). Redox Titration. Vedantu.com; Vedantu.

https://www.vedantu.com/chemistry/redox-titration