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If an electron iside {uniformly charged sphere, hyn = oe = constant @®) f(r) xr? Of@«r? ) f(r) xr Wey” — ‘Scanned by CamScanner27 mca’ PH A 28 McQ PH B 29 mca PH c 30 mca PH D 31 mca PH c 32 mca PH c 33 mca PH D 34 mca PH 35 ca pl 36 mca PH b ‘Scanned by CamScanner92.4.1 rbit Coupling The spin-orbit coupling in hydrogen arises from the interaction between the electron’s spin magnetic moment, jis = —eS/(mec), and the proton’s orbital magnetic field The origin of the magnetic field experienced by the electron moving at d in a circular orbit sround the proton can be explained classically as follows. The electron, within its rest frame, sees the proton moving at —0 in a circular orbit around it (Figure 9.1). From classical electro- dynamics, the magnetic field experienced by the electron is (9.68) ‘Scanned by CamScanner ‘Scanned by CamScannerwhere p = mel is the linea a by the proton's Coulo ee momentum ofthe electron and Eis the electric field generated of hydrogen-like Serge eld: E(#) = (¢/r?)(F/r) = eF/r®. For a more general problem Sayan tnoveaiin Th atoms with one valence electron outside a closed shell—where an field is ¢ (central) Coulomb potential of a nucleus V(r) = —ed(r), the electnc BE 2 Le 1FdV E(*)=-V =-V =--—. () eM=s VO= sor (9.69) ‘Scanned by CamScannerFs-Vu > fu-vy Fe Pou Ey OMe we) E> Be. fof v= PE. E= -%@) Vo pelodial e~ =!DU ) e ie Copasdiot a eis =” pest - ~ 2 io ™ ce a ‘Scanned by CamScannerFigure 9.1 (Left) An electron moving in a circular orbit as seen by the nucleus. (Right) The same motion as seen by the electron within its rest frame; the electron sees the nucleus moving in a circular orbit around it. . So the magnetic field of the nucleus calculated in the rest frame of the electron is obtained by inserting (9.69) into (9.68): * wlelde Tidy. ee emecr dr’? emecr dr” (9.70) mentum of the electron. 1 ‘Scanned by CamScanner‘The interaction of the electron’s spin dipole moment jis with the orbital magnetic field , of the nucleus gives rise to the following interaction energy: Aso = —iis 971 This energy turns out to be twice the observed spin-orbit interaction. This is due to the fact tha (9.71) was calculated within the rest frame of the electron. This frame is not inertial, for th electron accelerates while moving in a circular orbit around the nucleus. For a correct treatment ‘we must transform to the rest frame of the nucleus (i.c., the lab frame). This transformation which involves a relativistic transformation of velocities, gives rise to an additional motior resulting from the precession of jis; this is known as the Thomas precession. The precession of the electrons spin moment is a relativistic effect which occurs even in the absence of an external magnetic field. The transformation —_ to the rest frame of the nucleus leads to a reduction of the interaction energy bya oto (9.7) ‘Scanned by CamScannerAs this relation was derived from a classical treatment, we can now obtain the corresponding quantum mechanical expression by replacing the dynamical variables with the corresponding operators: (9.73), This is the spin-orbit energy. For a hydrogen’s electrgn, V(r) = —e?/r ang dV /dr = pr. equation (9.73) reduces to (9.74) ‘Scanned by CamScannerJt we kee eo av a Qt) Se m2 AQ AD Cre gpm abit Inirachen > $@) re ae 76) Carew Om muves sant ne by ae : ee i alps toh tet ® a t at vot ack fp med ELEEE — ‘Scanned by CamScanner“amgce fru peal * a: #(&2) er, os £0 ez a (mm BCH) $@- 4 +0 ange fe ‘ad 20 stowk cD “a ‘Scanned by CamScannerrig. £4.79 1.15 | Electric Field and Potential Due to a Solid Sphere of Charge lectric Field "Positive charge q is uniformly distributed throughout the volume of a solid sphere of radius R; For inding the electric field ata distance r (, ‘Scanned by CamScannerp23 4 Q41 4 MeV y-rays emitted by the de-excitation of '°F are attributed, assuming spherical symmetry, to the transition of protons from Ids state to Ids state. If the contri of S§Bili-orbit term to the total energy is written as C(l- 3), the magnitude of C i MeV (up to one decimal place). ‘Scanned by CamScanner39 NAT PH 0.70 to 0.73 2. 40 NAT PH 0.28 to 0.31 2 2 NAT PH 24.4 to 27.6 2 43 NAT PH 2to2 2 44 NAT PH 0.81 to 0.84 2 45 NAT PH 81.60 to 81.80 2 46 NAT PH 0.21 to 0.23 2 ‘Scanned by CamScannerfo 6 vel = (re - Flame) Gim 6 EF 21 ar o jee saeLe Tie teats = GI Wh Cys ba Wik Oe sae CTP = GGHDK- Marts) ue fe <— ‘Scanned by CamScanner’ tom sp More rdsie Pte cepokaa Coe ee ei, jase a ae — ceed. oes SKE Neh ease CP icp tee se sfc sone 10%] 1-7 5a98 209d ue “Sani | LSE ee) | ot Sele -O ‘Scanned by CamScannersy dee hme 7/2 wo sep ny nO 2© ERED = gmey ; ee VDE my « £ ev = | = 16 meV (+4) bie aS SeSe eee ‘Scanned by CamScanner2012 (1) WT ‘Scanned by CamScanneree ine corresponding to an atomic wansition from J=1 to J= 0 stares splits ina magnetic field of | kG in@ three components separated by 1.6x 107A. If the zero field spectral Line corresponds tu 1849 A, what is the g-facior corresponding to the J =1 stare? (You may use He gaxtoten ) Bo 2 2. a > ‘Scanned by CamScannerTrials: Grneh only ha Bn ons grew © Sy Bee cou pals fe Nema Beamon eppeat > see wy eihl mehm ext fm se eh ger itis) scar -aleri) 2st) 2 [4 iGtl)eo - 304) 33 jt) =lto 4 m © ‘Scanned by CamScannerGm: Zeeman shift of the energy of a state with quantum numbers L, S, J and m, is MyUpB Hz =—7 =~ (L-f)+ 95(S-I)) S JIG+1) where B is the applied magnetic field, gs is the g-factor for the spin and yu,/h = 1.4 MHz-G ', where h is the Planck constant. The ‘approximate frequency shift of the ‘Scanned by CamScannermagnetic field o 1, 33 10 MHz 5 MHz ‘Scanned by CamScannerJOINT CSIR-UGC-IRF/NET DECEMBER 2017 FINAL ANSWER KEY PHYSICAL SCIENCE ENGLISH AND BILINGUAL ‘Scanned by CamScanner| iA] R) GR] R/S) B/G) e)s/8)8/5/B/sixiRjaje ct] ea] os] ex] et] et] ef on en] ae) 0s] ) 2] mm] ean] ce] ‘Scanned by CamScannerhabs Toe Anomolown (wask “My, F me ren) sppet rad, Yam wring Is. ef) GE) ‘Scanned by CamScannerfee fine Eo he B if tmetaatasl wrt OG wok pat : Ans hOe= Hawg) Smj — Ma 8 95 mj cy"g s Av= Mg SO oms yfr Seer] io Je (etd fs) = / - (as) 4. Grek se Ma) or(T+) = l+ 2+0-2 ex au Gath” ied Ae ‘Scanned by CamScanner‘Scanned by CamScannerpene stip h tn Cmgy. OE 9) Mab Or ge = (xHoBxL hawk = gh anno av~ Ua5. () 6) hey > a) (is) Com ‘Scanned by CamScanner