Important Questions for Class 8

Science
Chapter 10 – Reaching Age of Adolescence

Refer to Page 1 - 2 for 1 mark Question.

Very Short Answer Questions: 1 Mark

1. The period of maturity of reproductive organs is called ___________.

A. adolescence period B. menstruation

C. gestation period D. none of these

Ans: A. adolescence period

2. Puberty age in females is __________.

A. 10-12 B. 12-14
C. 8-10 D. more than 14 years
Ans: A. 10-12

3. There are _____ pairs of chromosomes in human cells.

A. 23 B. 46 C. 22 D. 44
Ans: A. 23

4. Bleeding in women in about 28 to 30 days is called the ___________ phase.

A. menarche B. menopause

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 C. menstruation D. bleeding
Ans: C. menstruation

5. The physical and mental well-being of an individual is called an individual’s

___.

A. health B. disorder

C. growth D. nurturing
Ans: A. health

6. Egg is a ________.

A. egg gamete B. female gamete

C. male gamete D. diploid cell
Ans: B. female gamete

7. Initially, girls grow _____ than boys.

A. faster B. slower
C. at same pace D. none of these
Ans: A. faster

8. Adolescents should be totally away from _______.

A. cold drinks B. fast food

C. drugs D. sweets
Ans: C. drugs

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9. Which one of the following regulates the growth of an individual?

A. insulin B. growth hormone

C. adrenalin D. testosterone
Ans: B. growth hormones.

10. Define puberty.

Ans: The process by which a child's body evolves into an adult body and achieves
sexual maturity is known as puberty. With most children it occurs generally around
10-12 years of age.

11. What is Adam's apple?

Ans: At puberty, a bigger voice box develops in boys, which can be seen as a
projecting region of the throat. This is referred to as Adam's apple.

12. Define hormones.

Ans: Hormones are chemical substances produced by the endocrine glands.

13. Define adolescence.

Ans: Adolescence is the stage of life when the body experiences changes that lead
to reproductive maturity. Adolescence begins around the age of eleven and lasts until
the age of eighteen or nineteen.

14. What are secondary sexual characters?

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Ans: Secondary sexual traits are characteristics that help distinguish a man from a
woman. For example, boy’s moustaches and beards, and development of breasts in
females.

15. Which hormones help in the development of secondary sexual characters?

Ans: In males and females, testosterone and estrogens respectively aid in the
development of secondary sexual characteristics.

Refer to Page 3 - 5 for 3 marks Question.

Short Answer Questions: 3 Marks

16. What is pituitary gland? Name the hormones secreted by it?

Ans: The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that regulates the activity of all other
glands in the body. Some of the hormones secreted by pituitary gland are as follows:

a) Growth Hormones

b) Prolactin
c) Thyroid-stimulating hormone, etc.

17. What do you mean by target site?

Ans: Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream in order for them to
reach a specific body part known as a target site. Target sites respond to hormones
in various ways.

18. Write a short note on the reproduction phase in humans.

Ans: When adolescent’s testes and ovaries begin to create gametes in males and
females respectively, they are able to reproduce. Males have a substantially longer

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capability for maturation and the creation of gametes than females. The reproductive
period of females begins in puberty at the age of 10 to 12 years and lasts until about
45 to 50 years of age. The reproductive phase of males begins in puberty at the age
of 11 to 13 years and lasts a lifetime.

19. What do you mean by:

a. Menstruation: Normal vaginal bleeding that happens as part of a woman's

monthly cycle is known as menstruation, or period. Your body prepares for
pregnancy every month. The uterus or womb removes its lining if no pregnancy
develops. Menstrual blood is a mixture of blood and tissue from the uterus.

b. Menarche: The first menstrual cycle in a female adolescent is known as

menarche.

c. Menopause: Menopause is the term used to describe the end of a woman's

menstrual cycle. Menopause could hit in the forties or fifties.

20. Complete the following table:

Hormones Gland Uses

Thyroxin

Pancreas

Prepares the body for

fight or flight

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Ans:

Hormones
Gland Uses

Control overall
Thyroxin Thyroid metabolic rate of the
body

Controls blood sugar

Insulin Pancreas
level

Prepares the body for

Adrenalin Adrenal
fight or flight

21. What are sex chromosomes?

Ans: A sex hormone is a chemical substance produced by a sex gland or other organ
that affects an organism's sexual characteristics. In the nucleus of all human cells,
there are 23 pairs of chromosomes. The sex chromosomes, X and Y, are two of these
chromosomes. Males have one X and one Y chromosome, while females have two
X chromosomes.

22. Why are drugs harmful for the human body?

Ans: The effects of drugs can differ from one person to the next. Drugs can have
both short and long-term consequences. Physical and psychological problems, as
well as dependency, can occur. The more you use a drug, the more likely it is that
you may develop a tolerance to its side effects. The central nervous system of your
body is affected by drugs. They have an impact on how you think, feel, and act.
Three major types of drugs are as follows:

a) Depressant

b) Stimulant

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 c) Hallucinogens

23. Write a short note on AIDS.

Ans: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS), a chronic, potentially fatal disease (HIV). HIV is a sexually
transmitted illness that affects both men and women (STI). It can also be passed from
mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breast-feeding and by contact with
infected blood. Although there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, drugs can significantly
decrease the disease's course. AIDS weakens our immune system drastically. The
following are few known symptoms of AIDS:
a) Fever
b) Headache

c) Muscles Ache and Joint Pains

d) Rashes
e) Weight Loss, etc.

Refer to Page 5 for 5 marks Question.

Long Answer Questions: 5 Marks

24. Differentiate between changes occurring in males and females at puberty.

Ans:

Changes in Boys Changes in Girls

● Beginning of menstrual
● Development of testosterone
cycle.

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 ● Broadening of shoulder ● Body becomes curvier.

● Development of mammary
● Wider chest
gland

● Development of adam’s
● High pitched voice
apple

● Growth of facial hairs ● Development of acne.

25. How is sex of a child determined?

Ans: In the nucleus of all human cells, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes.
The sex chromosomes, X and Y, are two of these chromosomes. There is just one
set of chromosomes in the gametes (egg and sperm). One X chromosome is always
present in an unfertilized egg. However, there are two types of sperms. The X
chromosome is found in one type, whereas the Y chromosome is found in the other.
During fertilisation, if the X chromosome of the female egg combines with the X
chromosome of male, it develops into a female child and if X chromosome of the
female egg combines with Y chromosome of male, it develops into a male child.

26. Why should adolescents have a balanced diet?

Ans: Adolescence is a period of rapid development and growth. Regular healthy diet
is required to achieve optimum physical, mental, emotional, and psychological
wellness. As a result, an adolescent's nutrition must be carefully planned. A balanced
diet is one in which the proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins are all present in
the proper quantities.

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