i 1 MoDULE ~2 4 Chapter >1 Electromagnettcs R line Amtayral of a vector fanction } 5 7 jo Tye Wd), Reda + Ay dl t “a Raodly I > E Radlad 2 : 3 Were pdtr—36 3 Tea fmde b: Syfer ing of a vector fection | 3 ne RAG + Rede + Beds + _. BS nee ade 2 tet | g n> A300 (for epraant GF Close sun volume tral ef © Veter frctins ~ we he dy +Ap dve + A dug + --+A® dvn G es Adve iz! Yr. dvizoee ee opadiondt of a Scalar functi On Te ppadind of 0 Galles fancton a did of gad = Soe (sft!) Ve al cp a o vos xo & - 4 a of At abinys gives the malontinn Apes Nate of Vanition of» ef Paypal quovdity od uth direction Jb Bal along ith ode babi phe om . maXtwum ny p en 1" Rivergena of 2 a Vector funtion . Atwerapnle 4 a veka ee reaemalnlly A defined. ad :~ tt 0 dA = PR Th at rad rd 3) Ant + Ay fh ek = (Af + aarp =U 4 ady 4 dha at OY xy d% et Vv = Cal f a eter function a Te wl i vader foortlion din Pe dink | lw) Gal G38) = tall tod B wy a = Bill -B.(unl® wi) P (RO)O— (RBC [vector triple Product] Croubd divirgenas teorern Sg [dikdv's (aa {cout ds=§R.de ‘S$ Hasuult> sypationd ior difpontal fon The Divergene vowel (unl of the “Clactie d Magyratic fi fieldd arn braun ob Maruill'd Lyuationd. Tey Jupicbent He es hobic — Laws Morte ut 2 sien Th oon we ud ake Wt “t™ qe moda (i) A at - Mer (pmphorn's fur) BP OS PAS = EO) (Gass Lauirtlecto atic) Ne USP. B= 0 Grass Sau din Mag Static) E (Sriepat buy Gi) (PAP = - 24 = 's Onder NE. 9.009 \ |= © dwP =t nee SS © WF ila) (Grau Laur sn abeoo stati @ =? Go @ divB= 0 Om PR = 0 ——1¢4) (Grau Lar tn Mogucttinhes) © tol? =P 4 PRP [noday 0) ga Feee G ve tiny a) © ctl = We BS oy FB — 31) (donftow's Lovo) “| \ © | Prwof fr Maxwolt Sst Lquation 1 = by Grub Laws i (ea =e —0 pa is I y= § fu —O “ Reon O comd ae os - Sed pv —@ . f a . By © Cows dinvengre Reoimn ; ‘i Nee v = [eas = - it om ud O , i t f {bo Pd = (wv {Me Pas (ay a q t t - fbr 2)v =o,—* 4 re ab 5 1 *‘ Sor existing above sk mmiat trot +5 Jetport ts mubt he ye i diy P-f =0 ar; bs a iw a : which 4 Maxwell's first Lapation- Proof fax maxwell’? decorel Aypation : net mnagretit adssciatid witha Cldeo durfae 8 xo 5 Checause magnetic Lines of frees aw afernys ose Cured) | iy = | ar to bret=o | ~ LS = Spas =o 0 | ~ gbiteny SP oy hep -T., “a SEG = [dv Ply : Coming ond (ii) : fell <0 tis 1 Maget{’d 2° Lapation.Proof fn Maxwell's Trang “ation Copa there ik om Julative motion bho He snare Wognd ord ret b, Ber trop wall be dnduad whith wil ee b- : e=-d4 “iy . YE b= SP patina Vole of fond 2 Jn tap (i) gerd =a [Pe ged (8). 8 Wy hy tk Atoke’> Lowy . : fed z { eoterd? — Comb O amd SPB (wh P-H0S =O Curd P= MoD Tus 28 mated! 3 fui Lqnatitor, . ee OeMadOullS Agyatind on betel for Maxsull's M8 Layind Jn nda form din P = — Taking Volume vivid Om br Sitted Mi a ld v nad! 0 Usne el “ee () dw? dv = EMO CDT, [dP =[P-d? —@ . Comp @ amd), (Pp. = fe : hte Syd Saye total Chara Un Volume (v) Tad sb maxwoell's fivst Spetion do Jntinral fn maul 2° taytiped sim detogtas fom £ Olin P= o —#) Taking voltome srctyall 07 bite dite 4° ture Valaact 'V' tncloste b 4 a thy make ie din dv =0 =O) se OQ nal ig f bes had d ce eer RGAE =] Zé iL tid ole ra dé i} f ow eb 09994 / ao ie ae” es | op PPLE go®& 2 y r Jd 2 Lib be Pe ow a a tt bbe bore & a » ee ae eee Re a Eee IE We. Bat ci By dT, {, du Pav = fe. d? OD , From (9 and (D SPub -0 Sgrds =0° smatigell 9 324 My on en. Conk nee —o ohn Aurfale initea xalom both Sikes of 4” (1) over o Clese “gunfate's? rl by Clone Cunx ‘ec? J, cod PB = [Pd 0 S, ated? = = fd? By Atoke's theorom f, Glad? = ged? hen ) ad pP@- > (pp_g Matyell’d th Sypatinr tor bLipral form. Cl? =u —{) Te tg Om bth is 4D ue, “a rene Inchored by ae ‘OO ee(at & = Hef a2 —O By Stabo's Keown (ot BAP = f Bd 0 fiom ) owl § PAR = M0 3° T= fed? Tabb JS rnaxindl fourth Squat fern Phill Gipson of Masuelh'd MyaiOnd bn Jaina frp i) Teta edie. iw froin a Camel Durfate S 43 Soh tg fie tt fen cael Male if, (i) The ret rags jatad witty Coed 3D ee att ae Sak ale a et 8) The Line Jestignat of ulectrse fll aratencl Ladd pas. (or wbdtriomgtre gute rdumdd a Casecl ath) 4h Laat Pow wh aay ae fl (iv) ifs ota atuspal P ownagnatic pel proud o coded magne fore fb “agyal $0 Mo wed the total Cymmag & Lwahored Within that Maarehic Lina of forme alas ana aaa ata aad 1 Bos len yee ‘Fi J ea es ees ea Lis jae 1 fy fa je pm fy par Pp fp a a Ff Sy IE ES JE FE FE AaAanananeAOanmwenn A 4LL] =) VOlusme ee en _ ee) Prepation of “adaemognate ded sen Fate Spat | Lt wd Cuditr an “ect soregmaht Wuaye Jd Propagilin i fa Spe which 42 Chawtriged ab P=0, +=0 Th Rarwell’ 14 uations fe puch 0 Jugom ust Wit be 2 floes TP =0 Hi) esp VP =0 +ii) DxP =P ss a F xP = HGF Wu) Tibing Cal Or fate dite of Mysation (iii) FIP xP) = Px) (PPP OP = ->. (FxP) Ps EE omg (i) ame (i Ove (ME) f uheg Ww UP = Job YE? v) ot? Thch ik the Mf ym of te heatwe fi sorbed, The aprtial Uae tapation us Vie s re —wi) Comping QO we) we op = Ws bo hehe eb Vile IE MAP LP ab eb db did we Gl Wh ie Kk ek gd wh ow ol 7 [ine ex lh mg oe, UT y eX B35 N jo ) vy wo id as & asThing Carll on both Aides of pton(i). DP XCF AB) =P x (Hols x) (PDIP -7P = Wolo (FXP) aia » (nF) § ubing (i) aed Gii)} vir) Tesh a diffi 4 of the mapeaic id» unwed in oratatit Wave. male with (vi), We nyt 7 t= oh fF aX, ae apt C Teh free =a 5 [Bde = S-2pdv -© By G07, (aus Morne Buthern {3 ie = { dns) EI RN 8 ean fem se pm ADA DnR AA BAAR RAR we @ ® a PA A Sf ff sFyown(i) cane ii) { {dv B.dve f-apav (, (ao ap \veo on d e Me ‘ome / / 2 tt e , y ays dai 2 . Ta is ty" i 5 | 2 0) Show tet tytn of vty paints tt Lue of Grhowesen et. { charg a i . & = al; OS tae =e Se div 3 12 =f ait Luss dws ait = STP -Z . 2 Vv Vv. e > wht. 1 by ea af teichons “ 4 vas unit wot time a. * RHS = af ‘ 2 t ce ts ~ ae x © Thus Prom abu it Ad clon that tg” fot Tepridenrt tre Love. a Commer Ci ‘ <5 { omarion Renae. cq” el! iEE Tn Gnd sh ormpine’d Law 0% vnodifid pred om stell 3 Mish sate eu Cutten Con Ba Hed in Gal = dav He) O= Hodis «uy Me £0) din S=0 @ Y div 3 +3? = 5 @ @ ot < thy 3 = AP oa Sf $4 Flt) ei i. | dw S= 0 ay eH umdin Ha Aituation (6 ud nat bon tS Cael 1H ileal y trowel dD fourth Sapation 8 fe oH von Fonte Ad Ab (oer Jn steel ran eb oe ad © . ony ratios Jt im at © ty st +f geile) « ii Meo oH oe 8 -dws> +t ro wy dnd £6 ; q diy > #0 ee ies es a SB ob a wt rrrn fy Ly { woe hE OD GS Aah Suphad ta the | Meio f {s is sookomflde et te oddal edd 0 rear tom SD with D SeP +e lal = Mo Pe Ms (P45) O dy Gal? = du [uo (P+) 62 w(hw 3 +dv 3B] wy fo, 2 div® +dey Syd=o da zd > thy 5 = AE (& shiv E) diy 3B = dey (22) R= be & ( dt a” 020 4 et allem Dia latest Cunhont Tr te Cunt hat v2 edad bg the Wahion of Ef fn Calender en rrathernalitay se 4 delomel ob ip GIP ae es Porm oadnid me prow bre plate to OmpthorPropegation of Ftv An Grading vader Led wd (ordi, Hol EMW prspoysting dm tomtlbng Vrediumn Uhode Comductiviy) 5 prrmvnbeliy wood, Poms arneT M, vd E — babpeeti' dt? Tan aa tee Motel ty of BE ag v 7 al ’ The Moruntt a" for the lade vow wagrait field. 6 y {Pr He ean v2 Witten eal % eae eo em bE PR -o—& al : DE = die _ fa : a it os TP o8 e. -, xP 2B 4 € E 9 ea . , Q Tahing Conk om bit ids 84/0 ef antwee)« #948) oh PEYS-FP = ret) ae os -BP sud [oP + OF age x A 7? E 4 * fg P+ 5) fy aa a oPs NOE? 5 OX | 4 VES - MOE Sig lye . ay : Se OE, Q ' vt EEE te Bg ye Q . ? ve HE oF ® ay SB hy i Li 4 peJd ad ~< I 3 ne de eh a mw te thal he be ad 1 & & Thay Wal om bo Aids of 24/0. = = =a PUPXRI=AY x (P + CaP) (PPT wweeRe se (Fie? ) +a rer é a ov CFS + baa et VeR- ume = Us = A on ae e y shin dfs cee dintona oh whl thy Marnat EE berms etry of 240 auf Volae Jt Promos Abin defie. wt uth “honotet S| "8 toadk Jd aren by §- f= Ube, Us igs Frye Yur =R7F) Me Perea dilitg of dete 7 font ye 3 Wars ad plan tulerdid anol sh profiane: Zz ise Pang wong PoE .2, B=f Gey Py {(4,2) = n , Fron) a a *ly,%) VEX Sree — Uy Ae — HEP Ry 2 Fromm(yi) = 26 ~ Beghy _ Vi) seo =! HE ote oi i pyr @ Ga re the —— _ dt | no et abn oes> ta (Win) ane He il ty,” of aletnic and Magretic Laty ray fr pothole OF Ex 2&5 0°“ —{x) ae = Ee ( tw) gewe z4WEx —(x) ae = B(sw ett = w/e, cm) utp, i) pubeing He talc Es sovd MEX fools vod xt) to.t4,"Cvu) Ver yy? a)- He (wi Exdno VEX se -Cwave tiwur) Eva 6 — (Gwe Ey -Y*Ex=-0 —/xy ghee ta) a / —— > AIS J ah af caedtitinann ~ who Yre Whe HiME kei) La yo tik — Kiv) From iit) ak EY CHB) WUE + tone (2p?) (eA) o-uepe 4 Uuri — &p Psapp) OOP ual tnd T-Prtm bots ids bf kv) «Br — -wrug —y) PAPE wer — bey) Coe? +P2)2> (xp)? 4 Lar pe 7 C<*eery 2 Cy, “ur) t (wy)? CX FB) aU ee? (xv) try eye(xt ipyc race’ fi oer | wrHt Ee ¢ rypt 2 = Wim? . - 2 whee?) [! *lz) | ae seuts + [Ey] pei Malin (xur) aol Crviii) Ber SURE [sy -| ty ) (vii) - = ae wae l Ty lz Tey | fe wiet TE) Cf) a4 (>I Repo w]e cE [r= Ta] —¢ VPA VA Y ROMs \ vo a i) PP PDR VAAA 0 je fe fe "AMA db oh aaoawd Wm” EE | ff. ade be] a ch b SS L ea eae oe een f a eS YF Ae Sel” of ay (ii) 8 Exc eg Ex = Bf oet DY ep eae apes, Be = [ena Tey] aia y F E Comp: por) EE CTs os) O SKindipte (orrde dia) + Ex = EB, o- Tents Ex> Eg “¥ Af «gel Exx=fo st" > fon drdullatord SZ 2c ew fom (xix) lee 2 A we Ae eee & [: 2 ur y x Yo Jug x Fos soe ja Kime, < tb aittrmetion Codtant Blk pRabe Conbtont-Chapter > 2 LASER = The Word “LASER” Stawold b Lfed som plfocation by Aart foe Brite Lrnibdion | rodiation . 44 Lh 0 opted deg wit’ te a} me wich we produce Tima intnge Inerochoomait Cehurut vod Unidirectional beam « 4 badegl on Sti Stim Dated Sorudbion of Predstion ee Utomic tronkition tabs pla Ao {log 3 procedsen :- 1) Abaar a ff radiations :- Lk ws Consider a materual & Quitting vm road State (1) Witte toy Bi. Setpose 0 phrchrm ctowing the eroryy Mya to tHe * dpa ff ine a {dong erik emi ob te Tenargy of Phen ane wall ge te “ettel Hote 2 here Yor XR 2 | Fa * gare shy 12 E d FS Probable rate of Hambdiddin spre Mite 2 a8 rtm by! hax uly) ; fra ah Cy) = Urrrtund Cafe 4 | wh Bre Lk [Pe= Bry 4) , Wf df a | take | UY) = “ara dhs | sg tei | 2 -) Spentomeoud Bnocubor'om Let wy aun Ayo eee stomh af» vntanel she austin, Jom saiteel tote. The Li, Moku af Khe stad abate ub Woy Los Cle «) eausft ta pred, dehy | autorindicalc He Santon Wy data The prabahle rate of Hrontition fromm Aetate 2 te sAtah (0 gen (Ps sp «AN, ——2 ex B.-6, =AV (Padgp = Par Na jee : Ey lohow, Wadd ne+ otomd In Debted Atate e neha ot Sedans is if fo Antone tortie (i) Auch Aadialionrk wu In(hend. UF) Sey awe met prety 1 Beinn 6 otf ab Wi) ty fools dn dil oud \. uv) Tog dasn'4 Aupfrt the favs Luan ddivw. Stiwwlated trrdion o palate A e—@— | A Lt Ud Conaiden olomnd ofa Rubstare are dn LU ted dtake Saffore 0 frelon having le amuryy Bapall to jhe 4 of A dre Matis o Jd. lier ade 8 plsten dntoracth with + aforn varnd -dosont uf the stom 46 4a dm ound byte. Due te trams/'t' bo 0f ote Je fproundl shite OA} photon ih frodurag . Tay Yo Sodjatiions Lh Proure ab stimulated Drtdion radidt ys. 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Trwverdien A aituation dm ahich fe Numnlen / thts Uk mere thom fat oA b Lecoure ad f menb el llngd ahead dia a a) piplssion daordion,, The Proceny a Xe fie Atabe ty a ssa bf Derding th atoms ak 4 “Alpes? ) | Ya a oe 8) 8) em By, je je Je 8 JB UD 1D & ap eed khaCrmmrwlad pe tot Lorgx re agi rf ss ; ? 7 Created = 2 a AE a 2S i rane menschaernalit Aptom - Tid dd thy prsmcsphyi Rudy Lado: (i) Combaudtion = 2 8 seeuvwvecewe prego pes & 4 a Z —S batt brow, Tad > Lah Tyombitipnd MpiCabion of Labor Jn helefhy Conttraction of Hebagnom Minter, f sion beam (rofrsete boom) a jo omen ee yb ew oeawe@ Ps eee ee £ € Peye ae Se tS aD IP OD _ i vlddidd Jd / a i y pipe mais ye ie ie BRPAPPFE, {4