Paired Samples - Using Excel's t-test for Paired Samples

[This example is for a one-tail hypothesis test]

J. M. Cimbala
Given: Two data sets, A and B of the same variable.
Goal: Determine whether there is a statistically significant improvement in the variable.

data # xA xB d = xB - x A
1 25.6 26.2 0.6 Calculate the sample mean and
2 27.3 27.1 -0.2 sample standard deviation of d:
3 24.2 24.1 -0.1
4 28.7 29.2 0.5 dmean = 0.25
5 23.6 24.5 0.9 Sd = 0.476445
6 25.1 24.9 -0.2 n= 6
Sample means: 25.75 26 0.25 df = 5
Sample standard deviations: 1.927433527 1.92665513 0.47644516998

Null hypothesis: Sample B has a smaller mean than Sample A

OR, mathematically, md < 0 (population mean of variable d)
m0 < 0

Calculate the t-statistic and the p-value:

(Note: Always use absolute value here for the t-statistic)
t-statistic: t = 1.28529467 [ t = ABS((dmean - m0) * SQRT(n)/Sd ) ]
number of tails = 1 [This is a one-sided hypothesis test.]
p-value: p = 0.12750083 [ p = TDIST(t,df,tails) ]
Conclusions: There is a 12.7500825 % probability that the null hypothesis is correct.
There is a 87.2499175 % probability that the null hypothesis is not correct.
We are confident to 87.25 % that there is an increase in the variable.

Now let's repeat the analysis using Excel's built-in t-test: Conclusion:
(Data Analysis-t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means) Since the confidence level is < 95%,
we cannot claim a statistically significant
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means improvement (increase in the mean)
from Sample A to Sample B.
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 25.75 26
Variance 3.715 3.712
Observations 6 6
Pearson Correlation 0.969435921
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 5
t Stat -1.28529467 This is our t-statistic
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.127500825 This is our p-value
t Critical one-tail 2.015048372 This is the critical value of t (ta/2) for 95% confidence
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.25500165 Ignore these values for our one-tail test (these values are for a two-tail test)
t Critical two-tail 2.570581835 Ignore these values for our one-tail test (these values are for a two-tail test)
Verify the critical t value for 95% confidence: ta/2 = 2.015048 [ ta/2 = TINV(0.10,df) ]
Note: For 95% confidence with one tail, a/2 = 0.05, so a = 0.10.