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Important MCQs on Explorations and Discoveries for

Job Test of NTS, PPSC, CSS and FPSC

1. Name the person who discovered Greenland in 982 A.D.

(a) John Cabot

(b) Eric the Red
(c) Koro Gligora
(d) Oumar Konari
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(b) Eric the Red
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a
2. Who reached N America for the first time in history in 1000 A.D.?
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(a) Christopher Columbus
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(b) John Speke
(c) Leif Eriesson
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(d) James Clark
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(c) Leif Eriesson
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3. Name the first person who journeyed through China. India and other
parts of Asia from 1271-94.

w w(a) Christopher Columbus

w (b) Vascoda Gama
(c) Marco Polo
(d) Nicole Maffeo

(c) Marco Polo

4. San Salvador now Watling Island, the Bahamas. Cuba and Haiti were
discovered in 1492 by______
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(a) Kero Gligora

(b) Charles Taylor
(c) Christopher Columbus
(d) Abel Tasman

(c) Christopher Columbus

5. Who explored Mexican part of E. Coast of America and S. America

coast from 1497 to 1503?

(a) Christopher Columbus

(b) John Cabot
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(c) Amengo Vespucci
(d) William Dampier
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(c) Amengo Vespucci
x a
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6. Name the person who discovered sea route from Europe to India.

(a) Vascoda Gama

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(c) Marco Polo e r
(b) Christopher Columbus

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(d) Amengo Vespuci

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(a) Vascoda Gama

w w7. Christopher Columbus landed on mainland of South America in

w (a) 1496
(b) 1.497
(c) 1492
(d) 1499

(c) 1492

8. Who discovered Trinidad during 1502-4?

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(a) Sebastain Cabot

(b) Vitus Bering
(c) De Soto
(d) Christopher Columbus

(d) Christopher Columbus

9. Name the first to sail around the world; discovered the Magallan
Strait, reached the Philippines and named the Pacific

(a) William Dampier

(b) Lord Anson
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(c) Ferdinand Magallan
(d) John Davis
m .
(c) Ferdinand Magallan
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10. Name the person who discovered Canada and explored St. Lawennie
from 1534-36
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(a) Jacquies Cartier
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(b) William Dampier
r
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(c) James Cook

s
(d) Capt Wallis
.
w w(a) Jacquies Cartier

w 11. Name the Person who discovered Florida, Georgia and Mississippi
in 1539.
(a) Sir James Clark
(b) De Soto
(c) Capt Johnspeke
(d) David Living Stone

(b) De Soto

12. Who discovered the White Sea and the ocean route to Russia?
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(a) Sir Hugh Willoighby and Richard Chancellor

(b) Nicole and Maffeo
(c) William Janszoon and Henry Hudson
(d) Malietoa and Thais Mleki

(a) Sir Hugh Willoighby and Richard Chancellor

13. Name the person who sailed around the world in the ‘Golden Hind’
during 1557-80

(a) Sir Francis Drake

(b) John Davis
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(c) Vitus Bering
(d) James Clark
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(a) Sir Francis Drake
x a
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14. Name the Person who discovered Australia in 1606:,

(a) Henry Hudson

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(b) William Janszoon
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(c) Sebastain Cabot
r
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(d) Capt James Cook

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(b) William Janszoon

w w15. Who among the following discovered Hudson River, strait and Bay

w in 1611?

(a) Andrew Johnson

(b) William Howard
(c) Henry Hudson
(d) John Burgoyne

(c) Henry Hudson

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16. Who among the following discovered, New Zealand, The Tonga and
Fiji Island in 1642?

(a) James Clark

(b) Abel Tasman
(c) John Davis
(d) John Speke

(b) Abel Tasman

17. Name the Person who discovered Tahiti in 1767?

(a) Anson George p k

(b) Capt James Cook
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(c) Clark Hoover
(d) Capt Wallis
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(d) Capt Wallis
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18. Who Charted New Zealand coasts and discovered New South Wales
from 176841?
(a) John Bani e r
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(b) Leonid Kachma

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(c) Capt James Cook
(d) Amango Vespuci

w w(c) Capt James Cook

w 19. Name the first person who located the Magnetic Pole in 1831?

(a) David Living Stone

(b) Francis Drake
(c) Sir James Clark
(d) Ruth Driefus

(c) Sir James Clark

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20. Name the Person who discovered Zambia and Victoria Falls from
1852-73? .

(a) David Living Stone

(b) Jacquie: Lartler
(c) Adam Kus
(d) Daniel Amp

(a) David Living Stone

21. Who discovered Lake Victoria in 1858?

(a) John Davis p k

(b) Capt John Snake
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(c) Geover Cleveland
(d) Donald Kelpokas
x a
(b) Capt John Snake
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22. Christopher Columbus who discovered America was

(a) Spanish
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(b) Dutch
(c) Italian u p
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(d) French

w w(c) Italian

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Que 1. Who suggested that “everyone has a specific blood group”?

(a) Louis Pasteur
(b) Mendel
(c) Darwin
(d) Landsteiner

Ans -(d) Landsteiner

Explanation
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Karl Landsteiner suggested that “everyone has a specific blood group”.
m .
x a
Que 2. Who was the Polio Vaccine’s discoverer?
(a) Darwin
(b) Jonas Salk r e
(c) Louis Pasteur
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(d) Eli Whitney

e r
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Ans-(b) Jonas Salk

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Explanation
Polio, an infectious disease caused by a virus that presents in the throat

w wand intestinal tract, was once the leading cause of disability in the U.S.
An inactivated (killed) polio vaccine (IPV) was discovered by Dr. Jonas
w Salk and was first used in the year 1955.

Que 3. Who is the bacteriology founder?

(a) Robert Koch
(b) Louis Pasteur
(c) Edward Jenner
(d) Landsteiner

Ans-(b) Louis Pasteur

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Explanation
Louis Pasteur is the founder of modern bacteriology.

Que 4. Who discovered the TB antibiotic “streptomycin”?

(a) Joseph Lagrange
(b) Selman Waksman
(c) Linda Buck
(d) James Croll

Ans-(b) Selman Waksman

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Explanation
m .
Selman Waksman was a microbiologist, biochemist, scientist, and

other antibiotics. x a
inventor. He developed and discovered streptomycin and numerous

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Que 5. Who invented hybridoma technology for the first time?
i
(a) Landsteiner
(b) Fire and Mello
e r
u
(d) D’Herellep
(c) Kohler and Milstein

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Ans-(c) Kohler and Milstein

w wExplanation
w Köhler and Cesar Milstein in the year 1975 introduced the so-called
hybridoma technology method for the production of nonclonal
antibodies. A hybrid cell is produced by the combination of an antibody-
producing lymphocyte with a tumor cell and is used to culture constantly
a particular monoclonal antibody.

Que 6. Which one of the following scientists invented the first

antibiotic?
(a) Alexander Fleming
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(b) W Fleming
(c) Louis Pasteur
(d) C Waksman

Ans-(a) Alexander Fleming

Explanation
Alexander Fleming discovered the world’s first antibiotic that is
benzylpenicillin is also know as Penicillin G, from the mold Penicillium
notatum in the year 1928.

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on isolating the tuberculosis bacterium?
m .
Que 7. When did Robert Koch receive the Nobel prize for his work

(a) 1905
(b) 1906 x a
(c) 1907
r e
(d) 1910

i o
Ans -(a) 1905

e r
Explanation

u p
Koch made a statement released that the tuberculosis pathogen had been

. s
discovered on March 24 at Berlin Institute for Physiology. Robert Koch
is recognized for isolating the TB bacteria, which was responsible for

w wmany fatalities in the middle of the 19th century. For his efforts, he was
awarded the Nobel Prize in the year 1905.
w Que 8. Who is the founder of Bacteria?
(a) Robert Koch
(b) Louis Pasteur
(c) Antonia Van Leeuwenhoek
(d) A.Fleming

Ans-(c) Antonia Van Leeuwenhoek

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Explanation
Leeuwenhoek is universally acknowledged as the father of
microbiology. He discovered both protists and bacteria.

Que 9. Who has authored the book “Anatomical Study of the

Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals”?
(a) William Harvey
(b) James Watson and Francis Crick
(c) Robert Hooke
(d) Louis Pasteur

Ans-(a) William Harvey

p k
Explanation
m .
x a
William Harvey authored the book “Anatomical Study of the Motion of

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the Heart and of the Blood in Animals”. He published this book in the
year 1628. William Harvey was a British doctor. He has also founded
o
valves in veins and determined that blood can only move in specific
i
r
directions in the body.

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Que 10. Who discovered the double helix structure of DNA?

. s
(a) Louis Pasteur
(b) James Watson and Francis Crick

w w(c) Robert Hooke

(d) All of the Above
w Ans-(b) James Watson and Francis Crick

Explanation
American biologists James Watson and physicist Francis Crick
discovered the double helix structure of DNA in the year the 1950s.

Qus11. Which biologist has discovered the word cell?

(a) Robert Hooke
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(b) Robert Brown

(c) Louis Pasteur
(d) None of these

Ans-(a) Robert Hooke

Explanation
Robert Hooke initially defined the term “cell” in his book
“Micrographia” in 1665.
A cell is a basic structural & functional unit of life of all existing living
organisms.

p k
m .
Que 12. Who was the father of DNA fingerprinting in India?
(a) Sir Alec John Jeffreys
(b) R. Mishra x a
(c) Susruta
r e
(d) Lalji Singh

i o
Ans-(d) Lalji Singh

e r
Explanation

u p
DNA fingerprinting is a technique that can be seen in the genetic
s
makeup of living things.
.
w wQue 13. Which one of the following scientists discovered insulin?
w (a) S.A. Waksman
(b) Frederick Banting
(c) Ronald Ross
(d) Edward Jenner

Ans-(b) Frederick Banting

Explanation
One of the major insulin discoverers, is a Canadian physician, Nobel
laureate, and medical scientist, Frederick Banting.
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The youngest recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine to

date, Banting and John James Rickard Macleod won the prize in the year
1923.

Que 14. Which one 0f the following instrument is used to measure

the density of milk?
(a) Polarimeter
(b) Glactometer
(c) Calciometer
(d) Lactometer

Answer: (d) Lactometer

p k
Explanation
m .
x a
A lactometer is an instrument that is used to check the purity of milk by
measuring its density. It is also used to measure the gravity of milk.
e
Lactometer is a small glass instrument that is used the quantity and
r
amount of water in the milk.

i o
(a) One
e r
Que 15. How many DNA molecules are there in each chromosome?

(b) Two
(c) Ten
u p
s
(d) Infinite
.
w wAns-(a) One

w Explanation
A single chromosome contains only one DNA molecule and so many
genes.
In the nucleus of the cell, the DNA molecule is covered in thread-like
structures known as chromosomes.

Que 16. In which year the word Cell was used?

(a) 1665
(b) 1666
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(c) 1667
(d) 1668

Ans-(a) 1665

Explanation
Robert Hooke first discovered the cell in the year 1665.
Robert Hooke was an English scientist who founded the term cell for the
honeycomb structures seen in cork slices.

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Que 17. The concept of ‘Ecological Transition’ was first used by
p
whom?
(a) Elton
m .
(b) Bennett
(c) Berkeley x a
(d) Ratzel
r e
Ans-(b) Bennett
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Explanation
e r
p
“Ecological transition” is a technical phrase in ecology that explained a
u
. s
change to a different ecosystem or an ecotone (ecological transition
zone, also described as a “fringe” by laypeople). Both seem to relate to

w wthe notion of achieving a sustainable planet.

In 1976, John Bennett introduced the idea of “Ecological Transition.”
w Que 18. Into how many groups are plants divided?
(a) 6
(b) 7
(c) 5
(d) 4

Ans-(c) 5
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Explanation :
Kingdom Plantae (Plant Kingdom) can be divided into 5 groups.

1. Thallophyta
2. Bryophyta
3. Pteridophyta
4. Gymnosperms
5. Angiosperms

Que 19. Who among the following invented the vaccine for
smallpox?
p k
(a) Robert Koch
(b) Edward Jenner
m .
(c) Robert Hooke
(d) Louis Pasteur x a
Ans – (b) Edward Jenner r e
i o
Explanation

e r
The smallpox vaccine was the first successful vaccine to be developed
p
by Edward Jenner in the year 1796.
u
. s
Que 20. By what name is the research on the blood circulatory

w wsystem known?
(a) Angiology
w (b) Cardiology
(c) Hematology
(d) Osteology

Ans-(a) Angiology

Explanation
Blood circulatory system research is known as Angiology.
The medical term “angiology” refers to the study of diseases affecting
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the lymphatic and circulatory systems, including arteries, veins, and

lymphatic vessels.

p k
m .
x a
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e r
u p
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