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BHUMI SHARMA
INDEXK
>INTRoDUCTION
º PRINCIPLE
>CONSTRUCTION
EFFICIENCY
ENERGY LOSS
>USES
INTRODUCTION
Atransformer is one of the most common devices
found in electrical system that links the circuits which
are operating at different voltages. These are
commonly used in applications where there is a need
of AC voltage conversion from one voltage level to
another.
Np
Turns
Ng
Turns
Primary
Current l4 2
Secondary
nssneeeennnun Current
Primary Secondary
V
Leakage
Flux
Primary Secondary
Winding Winding
Magnetic Flux = m www.electricaltechnology.org
CONSTRUCTION
A transformer consists of primary and secondary coils
insulated from each other, wound on a soft iron core.
To minimize eddy current a laminated iron core is
used. The a.c. input is applied across the primary coil.
The continuously varying current in the primary coil
produces a varying magnetic flux in the primary coil,
which in turn produces a varying magnetic flux in the
secondary. Hence, an induced emf is procduced across
the secondary.
Let EP and ES be the induced emf in the primary and
secondary coils and NP and NS be the number of
turns in the primary and secondary coils respectively.
Since same flux links with the primary and secondary,
the emf induced per turn of the twocoils must be the
Same.
Input Output
A.C.
P
THEORY AND WORKING
The working of the transformer is explained below.
The transformer consists of two separate windings
placed over the laminated silicon steelcore.
Primary Secondary
winding winding
Npturns Ng turns
Primary Magnetic
current p Flux. Secondary
current
Primary
voltage
Secondary
voltage
Transformer
Core
Pover
Supoly
TRANSEFORMER ON DCSUPPLY: -
As discussed above,the transformer works on AC
supply, and it can not work on DC supply. If the
rated dc voltage is applied across the primary coil, a
constant magnitude flux will set up in the core of the
transformer and hence there will be no self-induced
emf generation, and as for the linkage of flux with
the secondary coil there must be alternating flux not
a constant flux.
According to OHM's Law: -
PRIMARY CURRENT DC APPIHED VOITAGE
RESISTANCE OF PRIMARY COIL
F=
V,4Cosq, + P+ P
Where,
"Vy-Secondaryterminal voltage
" h-Fulload secondary curent
"Cost-power factor of the load
" P-Iron losses =hysteresis losses +eddy current losses
"P-Fulload copper losses =R
Energy losses ina transformer
Even though transformers are very efficient machines,
they do result in small energy losses due to four main
CAUses: