1 - UTD Overhead-Protocols-2020

Overhead Protocols Overhead Protocols
Basic Communications
Communications
Hand signals (require response) Other useful hand
• Hand signals • Ok signals
• Light signals • Stop / hold
• Deco
• Touch contact • Call the dive (thumbs)
• Move up
• Wet notes
• Silt
Simone Nicolini Light signals
• Passive • Light is on
• Ok • Level off
Emergency Attention. • Attention • Low on air
• OOG • Bubbles
O.K.
© 2020 UTD Scuba Diving, LLC www.utdscubadiving.com © 2020 UTD Scuba Diving, LLC www.utdscubadiving.com
Advanced Communications Navigation

Hand signals
NO PROGRESSIVE PENETRATION
• Line
• Tie-off / placement
• Reel in line Primary: Environment Awareness
• Entanglement • Natural features
• Cut the line • Cave layout
• Flow
Touch signals
• Go, stop, back Secondary: Line
• Navigating the tie • Backup to environmental
• Hold
• Proper line protocol
• Entanglement Allan Williams
• Cross the line

• OOG Tertiary: Compass Andrej Gaspar
Reels & Spools Line and Line Markers

Line Protocols
Reels Spools • Running a reel
• Why it’s needed • Why it’s needed • Primary wrap / tie
• Shape and size • Shape and size • Secondary tie-off
• When to use • When to use • Line traps
• Placements
• Line placements
• Line etiquette
Line Markers
• Line arrows
• Non-directional markers (REMs and Cookies)
Accident Analysis Accident Analysis

Rules for Overhead Diving
Causes of Overhead Ftralities
1. Lack of training = C • Proper training
2. Failure to maintain a continuous guideline = D • Dive within training limits
3. Failure to reserve enough gas supply = D • Maintain a continuous guideline
4. Diving to excessive depths = D • Reserve rock bottom for ascent and rule of
5. Failure to carry sufficient lighting = C thirds for penetration
• Dive within gas and depth limits
D = Direct factor
• Carry one primary and two backups per diver
C = Contributory factor
NO Deep air Simone Nicolini
NO Solo diving
Accident Analysis Emergency Procedures

Crisis management
• Stabilize position and breathe
Accidents continue to happen:
• Evaluate proper course of action
• React in deliberate but controlled manner
• Increase in diving population
• Trust your decision
• Reduction in training standards
• Fad / ego
Loss of visibility
• Going beyond comfort level
• Stop and stabilize position
• Improper gas use/selection
• Hand on line, thumb pointing direction of exit
• Poor equipment choices
• Get / ensure team is on the line
• Initiate touch contact protocols
• Exit
Light Failure Lost Diver
If your main light fails:

• Stop and stabilize position • Stop and stabilize position
• Activate backup light • Locate the line, point thumb toward exit
• Deploy backup light • Cover light and search for team member’s light
• Call the dive • Calculate available gas for search
• Search on the line
Reposition:
• To front in two person team
• To middle in three person team
Ben Bos
Brian Krogh jensen
Lost Line Entanglement

Stop and stabilize position
Stop and stabilize position Signal team members
Securely attached safety spool to a fixed point Make one attempt to free yourself
Search patterns Signal team members for assistance
• Circular If guideline needs to be cut:
• Wall-to-wall • Position team on exit side of cut
• Shotgun • Secure the line
Environmental • Cut line, free diver, and secure line with
safety spool
• Repair line if necessary
Broken Line Stress on the diver Stress

• Stop and stabilize position
• Notify team members
• Identify and rectify problem or call the dive and exit
Recognizing stress
• Notify other divers • Rapid breathing
• Lack of awareness
• Team on exit side of break • Perceptual narrowing
• Repair line, if possible • Clumsiness
Coping with stress

• Remain alert
• Anticipate signs of stress
• Stop, breathe
• Regain focus
Real or imagined Sources of Stress Unconscious Diver

At surface
Physical and/or psychological
• Time pressure • Stabilize with mouth out of water
• ABC’s
• Task loading
• Rescue breathing: CPR, regulator
• Exertion and cold
• Confinement, restrictions, and distance
• Lack of abilities, skills At depth
• Speedy exit
• Evaluate surfacing risks
Equipment
• Insufficient, too much
• Poorly maintained Reasons for losing consciousness
• Lack of familiarity • Hypoxia or CO2 poisoning
• Seizure
Peer pressure, ego • Narcosis
Ben Bos
• Diving beyond abilities • Out of gas drowning Alan Wiliams
• Fear of drowning • Heart attack

1 - UTD Overhead-Protocols-2020

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 - UTD Overhead-Protocols-2020

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Overhead Protocols Overhead Protocols

Overhead Protocols Overhead Protocols

Advanced Communications Navigation

• Cross the line

Reels & Spools Line and Line Markers

Overhead Protocols Overhead Protocols

Accident Analysis Accident Analysis

Accident Analysis Emergency Procedures

Overhead Protocols Overhead Protocols

Light Failure Lost Diver

If your main light fails:

Lost Line Entanglement

Overhead Protocols Overhead Protocols

Broken Line Stress on the diver Stress

Coping with stress

Real or imagined Sources of Stress Unconscious Diver

• Diving beyond abilities • Out of gas drowning Alan Wiliams

• Fear of drowning • Heart attack

You might also like