m%d.a uyskao Y%S ,xldfõ fn!

oaO ;;a;ajh
fcHIaG uydpd¾h Wos; .reisxy

fuu wOHhkfhys wruqK uyskaod.ukhg mQ¾jfhka Y%S ,xldfõ fn!oaO ;;a;ajh ms<sn|
wOHhkhl kshe,Suhs' tkï uyskao ysñhka nqÿoyu y÷kajd§ug fmr ,dxlslhka nqÿoyu ms<sn|
ljrdldr ±kqulska hqla;j isáfha o@ hkak fidhd ne,Suhs'

wfYdal rcqf.a mq;a uyskao ysñhka Y%S ,xldjg nqÿoyu y÷kajd§u i|yd meñKs nj
ft;sydisl i;Hhls' mqrdúoHd;aul idOl iy mßjdr md<s" §mjxih" uydjxYih"
iuka;mdidÈld wd§ uQ,sl uQ,dYh j,ska o miqld,Sk md,s isxy, lD;s u.ska o tu lreK ikd:
ù we;'1

tfy;a nqÿrÿka f,dj my<ùfï mgka uyskaod.ukh f;la wjqreÿ ;=kaishhl muK
ld,hla we;s w;r bkaÈhdfõ jhU" Bidk" ol=K hk m%foaY iy Y%S ,xldj w;r mej;s
iïnkaO;d i,ld n,k úg ñys÷ ysñhkag fmrd;=j nqÿoyu ms<sn| mKsvqvh Y%S ,xldjg jHdma;
jkakg we;ehs l,amkd l< yelsh' tfy;a nqÿrÿkaf.a ,xld.uka iïnkaO f;dr;=re yerKq úg
md,s jxi l;d yd wfkl=;a uQ,dY%h uyskaod.ukhg mQ¾jfhka lsisÿ wdldrhlska ,xldjg
nqÿoyu we;=¿ ù ;snq njg f;dr;=re imhkafka ke;' tfy;a ñys÷ ysñhkag mQ¾jfhka
Wkajykafia ,xldjg jevu lsÍug wdikak ld,fha§ nqÿoyu ms<sn| f;dr;=re okajd tjq njg
jxi l:dj, f;dr;=re we;'2

Y%S ,xldjg nqÿoyu y÷kajd§u iïnkaOfhka f;dr;=re imhk uQ,dY%h f,i §mjxih"
uydjxih" yd iuka;mdidÈldfõ ndysrksodk l:dj w;sYhska jeo.;a fõ' fuu .%ka : w;ßka
jvd;a u merKs uQ,dY%h jYfhka ie,flkafka §mjxihhs' th ls%'j 4jk Y; j¾Ifha§ muK
rpkd ù we;ehs ie,flk w;r l¾;D wmeyeÈ,sh' uydjxih ls%'j 5jk ishjfia§ muK rpkd ù

1
ñyska;,d m%foaYfhka fidhd.kakd ,o ls%'j m<uqjk ishjig wh;a hhs ie,flk fi,a,smshl uyskao ysñhkaf.a
iy Wkajykafia iu. meñKs NsCIqkaf.a kï fldgd we;' n,kak Edward Muller, Ancient Inscriptions in Ceylon,
pp. 30.75. Paranavitana S. Isncriptions of Ceylon Vol II. pp 31-34" idxÑ kgUqka w;ßka fidhd .kakd ,o lr`vq
lsysmhla ;=< Y%S ,xldjg meñKs O¾u¥; msßfia kï ,shd we;' tu lr`vq ;=< Wkajykafia,df.a hhs ie,flk Od;=
;ekam;a lr we;' tu lr`vqj, i|yka kï iy md,s uQ,dY%hj, i|yka Y%S ,xldjg meñKs ¥; msßfia kï iudkh'
n,kak M.S Translation, Intro.p.XIX, The Bhilsa Topes. p. 287 isg M.S. pp. 5-6, 16, ñys÷ ysñhkaf.a iy
ix>ñ;a;d f;rKshf.a Y%S ,xld .uka wcka;d .,a .=ydj, ì;a;sj, Ñ;%hg k.d we;ehs l,amkd lrkq ,efí'
n,kak Rapson. E.J. The Cambridge History of India p. 499. ix>ñ;a;d f;rKsh Y%S uyd fnda YdLdj Y%S ,xldjg
/f.k tu idxÑ kef.kysr fodrgqfõ .,a leghïj, fldgd we;' n,kak' Buddhist India pp 302-303
2
M.V.P.94, D.V.P.62,S.P.P.76
we;ehs ie,flk w;r uydkdu kï ysñkula tys l¾;Djrhdh' iuka;mdidÈldj jkdys
nqoaOf>daI ysñhka úiska rpkd lrk ,o úkh wgqjdj jk w;r tys ye¢kaùu ndysr ksodk l:d
jYfhka kï lr we;' tu fldgi §mjxih uQ,dY%h jYfhka ;ndf.k rpkd lr we;ehs
ie,fla' fuu uQ,sl uQ,dY%h ;=kg wu;rj Y%S ,xldfõ nqÿoyfï b;sydih i|yka lrk lD;s
úYd, m%udKhla we;s w;r tajd fndfyduhla by; uQ,dY%h ;=k mokï lrf.k rpkd ù we;'
tfy;a uQ,sl uQ,dY%h yd miqld,Skj rpkd jQ .%ka: w;r we;eï lreKq iïnkaOfhka b;d
jeo.;a fjkialï o mj;sk nj fuys§ i|yka l< hq;=h' fuu lD;sj,g wu;rj Y%S ,xldfõ
fn!oaO b;sydih ye±Ífï§ wfYdal fi,a,sms o b;d jeo.;a idOl f,i i|yka l< yelsh'

ñys÷ ysñhka Y%S ,xldjg nqÿoyu y÷kajd §ug fmr Y%S ,dxlslfhda nqÿoyu .ek lsis;a
fkd±k isáfhda o@ uydjxih jeks b;sydi .%ka:j,g wkqj nqoaO;ajfhka m<uq jif¾' miajeks
jif¾ iy wgfjks jif¾§ jYfhka f;jrla nqÿ rÿka Y%S ,xldjg jevu lr we;'3 uydjxih
jeks Y%S ,xldfõ we;s b;sydi .%ka: jkdys yqfola b;sydifha isÿ jQ ixisoaëka ta whqßka u jd¾;d
fldg ;nd we;s .%ka: fkdj idys;H lD;s f,i ie,lsh yelsh' ft;sydisl isoaëka iy i;H
jYfhka isÿ fkdjQ isoaëka o ñY% fldg w;sYfhdala;s j¾Kkd iq,Nj Ndú; fldg fn!oaOhkaf.a
Y%oaOd Nla;sh jeä ÈhqKq jk whqßka tlS lD;ska rpkd lr we;s nj fmfka'4 nqÿrÿkaf.a
,xld.uka ms<sn| jd¾;d o wdYap¾h" woaN+; isoaëkaf.ka .yK úYajikSh;ajfhka uola ÿria tajd
nj tu jd¾;d úuis,su;aj lshjk úg jegfya' nqÿrÿkaf.a ,xld.uka ms<sn| tu jd¾;d
ft;sydisl jYfhka ;ju ikd: l< fkdyels jqj o wi;H f,i iïmQ¾K jYfhka m%;sfCIam
lsÍug o fkdyelsh' flfia jqj o tu isoaëka isxy, cd;sh wdrïN ùug m%:u isÿ jQ tajd neúka
isxy, cd;shg nqÿoyu y÷kajd§u iïnkaOfhka tajd t;rïu jeo.;a f,i ie,lsh fkdyelsh'

§mjxih yd uydjxihg wkqj isxy, cd;sfha wdrïNlhd f,i ie,flk úch rcq ^483 -
445 B. C& ,xldjg meñKsfha nqÿrÿka msßksjkamE Èkfha§ h'5 tu Èk jljdkq jxil:dj, i|yka
whqßka fkdms<s.;a; o nqoaO mßks¾jdKh yd úch rcq ,xldjg meñKSfï isoaêh w;r ld,
fjki t;rï úYd, hehs is;sh fkdyelsh'

úch rc;=ud meñKSug m%:u Y%S ,xldfõ hCI" kd. jeks kïj,ska ye¢kafjk wdÈjdiSka
isá nj ft;sydisl jd¾;dj,ska meyeÈ,s fõ' tu jd¾;dj,g wkqj nqÿrÿka Y%S ,xldjg jevu
lf<a o Tjqka w;r mek ke.s hqoaO ikais÷ùug iy Tjqka iïnkaO fjk;a lghq;= i|yd h'6

3
M.V.PP.5,7,10,D.V.PP. 17-25
4
uydjxih wdÈ Y%S ,xldfõ md,s uQ,dY%hj, úYaj ikSh;ajh iïnkaOfhka lshjkak' Wilhelm Geiger, The
Mahavamsa (Translation) London, 1980 (Reprinted pp XII isg&
5
M.V.PP. 60-61,D.V.P 56, S.P.P.68
6
M.V. 3-11. P 62 isg *dyshka jd¾;dj, o úchg fmr Y%S ,xldfõ hCI" kd." rdCI hk kïj,ska hq;a i;a;ajhka
isá nj i|yka lr we;' n,kak Taishoshinshutaizoky vol 51 pp. 864, 933 ;j o n,kak Samuel Beal,
Buddhist Records of the Westen World, New Delhi (Second Edition) pp. 246 isg'
fuu wd§jdiSka fln÷ ck fldÜGdihka o fln÷ wd.ï weoyQjka o hkak ikd: lsÍug
m%udKj;a idCIH wm yuqfõ ke;'

úch rcq ,xldjg meñKSug fmr isÿ jQ nqÿrÿkaf.a ,xld.uka wdÈ ish¨ isoaëka
fkdi,ld yeßh o úchf.a ,xld.ukska miq ñys÷ ysñhka Y%S ,xldjg nqÿoyu y÷kajd fok
f;la ld,h wjqreÿ 230la muK jk neúka fuu ld, mßÉfþoh ;=< nqÿooyu ms<sn| ljr fyda
f;dr;=rla Y%S ,xldjg fkd,enqfKah" hkak is;u
S W.ygh'

úch meñKS`ug fmr isg bkaÈhdj yd wi,ajeis rgj,ska uq;= wdÈh fidhd hd;%d lrk
mqoa.,hska yd fj<÷ka Y%S ,xldjg meñKs nj o ta i|yd Bidk È. bkaÈhdj" jhT È. bkaÈhdj"
ol=Kq È. bkaÈhdj yd Y%S ,xldfõ cïnqflda<" f.dalKaK7 yd uyd;sF:8 wdÈ jrdhj,a lsym
s hla
w;r m%isoaO keõ ud¾. mej;s nj ikd: ù we;'9 úfYaIfhka Bidk È. bka§h m%foaYh tkï
j¾;udk W;a;r m%foaYaj,g wh;a mdg,Smq;% wdÈ nqÿoyu b;d fmdaIs;j mej;s k.rj, isg .x.d
kÈh yryd .x.d kÈfha fudah lfÜ msysá ;du,s;a;s10 jrdh ud¾.fhka Y%S ,xldfõ cïnqflda<
jrdhg iïnkaO uqyÿq ud¾.h b;d ckms%h tlla úh'11

úchf.a meñKSu iy ñys÷ ysñhkaf.a meñKSu w;r ld,h ;=< fuu uqyqÿ ud¾. Ndú;
fldg bkaÈhdj yd Y%S ,xldj w;r rdcH ¥; lKavdhï wd .sh njg jd¾;d we;' úch iy Tyq
iu. meñKs wfkla l=udrjreka i|yd ìfidajreka f.kajd .;af;a ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ uOqrd12
kqjrg ¥;hka heùfuks'13 tfia u úch rcqf.ka miq rclu i|yd mKavqjdifoaj l=urd f.kajd
.ekSug o bkaÈhdjg ¥;hka heùh' tys m%;sM,hla f,i mKavqjdifoaj l=urd iy ;j;a
;reKfhda ;sia fofkla meñKshy'14 bka wk;=rej mKavqjdifoaj rcqf.a ìij f,i meñKs
NoaolÉpdkd l=ußh o weh iu. meñKs wújdyl ldka;djka ;sia fofofkl= .ek o i|yka fõ'15

7
cïnqflda< hkq j¾;udk lkalika;=f¾ jrdh iy f.dalKaK hkq ;s%l=Kdu,fha jrdh hhs lshkq ,efí'
8
uyd;sF: jrdh l=ula o@ hkak meyeÈ,s ke;' tfy;a ,xldfõ jhU È. fjrf<a msysá jrdh hhs ie,fla'
9
bkaÈhdj iy Y%S ,xldj iïnkaO l< mqrdK uqyqÿ ud¾. iïnkaOfhka n,kak' zzwkqrdOmqr hq.hZZ P. 46 - 48'
10
zz;du,s;a;sZZ hkq .x.d kÈfha fudahlfÜ ;snQ b;d merKs jrdhls' j¾;udkfha tu m%foaYh Tamluk kï
m%foaYhhs' n,kak M.V. Translation P.80.
11
M.S.P.10
12
j¾;udk ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ uÿrdishhs' n,kak Mahavamsa Translation.
13
M.V. pp 67-69.
14
M.V. p 71.
15
Ibid p. 72.
;jo NoaolÉpdkdf.a meñKSfuka wk;=rej wehf.a fidfydhqrka yhfofkla meñK ,xldfõ
;ekska ;ek ckmo msysgjQy'16

fï whqßka iïnqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka miq bkaÈhdj iy Y%S ,xld w;r ióm iïnkaO;djla
mej;s neúka ñys÷ ysñhkag fmrd;=j hï wdldrhlska nqÿoyu meñK ;snqfKa hhs" l,amkd lsÍug
bv ;sfí'

isxy, cd;sfha wdrïNlhd jYfhka ie,flk úch rcq y;aishhla msßñka iuÕ ngysr
bkaÈhdfõ zziSymqrZZ tkï j¾;udk .=crdÜ m%dka;fha m%foaYhlska17 ls%'mQ 480 jif¾§ muK Y%S
,xldjg meñK we;ehs úYajdi flf¾' fï hq.h jkúg ngysr bkaÈhdfõ .=crdÜ m%dka;h f;la
nqÿoyu jHdma;j mej;sfha hehs is;sh fkdyels h' tfia u úch l=ure ljr wd.u oyula
weoyqfõ o@ hkak meyeÈ,s ke;' úch l=ure Y%S ,xldjg meñK ál l,lg miq Tyqg iy Tyq
iuÕ meñKs y;aishhla msßñkag újdy ùu msKsi ldka;djka f.kajd .ekSug ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ
uOqrd rcq fj;g ¥;hka msg;a lrk ,È' tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka ldka;djka úYd, msßila o úúO
l¾udka; lsÍu i|yd ta ta l=,j,g wh;a mjq,a oyila o ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ isg Y%S ,xldjg meñKs
nj jd¾;d fõ'18 ã'wd¾ NdKavd¾l¾ Wmqgd olajk uydpd¾h j,afmd< rdyq, ysñfhda ol=Kq
bkaÈhdfõ jdih l< mdKavH cd;sl ñksiqkaf.a uQ,h bkaÈhdfõ uOH foaYfhka meñKs
CI;%shhka nj o Tjqka nqÿrÿka Orudk ld,fhys nqÿoyu ms<sn| ish¨ úia;r ±k isá nj o
i|yka lr;s' ;j o uq,a hq.fha ,xldjg meñKs we;eï mdKavH mjq,a fn!oaO mjq,a jQ nj o
Tjqyq nqÿoyu ms<sn| ±k isáhd muKla fkdj Tjqka w;=frka we;uqka fn!oaOhka f,i ie,lsh
yels nj o fyf;u mjihs'19 fï wkqj úch iy msßif.a ìßkaoEjreka ùug meñKs we;eï
ldka;djka yd tu ldka;djka iuÕ meñKs wfkla msßi w;r fn!oaOhka isáfha kï ñys÷
ysñhka meñKSug jir 200lg muK fmrd;=j kshudldrfhka fkdjQj;a hï iajrEmhlska
nqÿoyu ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,xldjg ,eî we;'

ñys÷ ysñhkag fmrd;=j nqÿoyu ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,eî ;sìKehs ie,lSug fya;= jk ;j;a
jeo.;a ldrKhla f,i NoaolÉpdkd l=ußh ,xldjg meñKSu ±laúh yelsh' uydjxihg wkqj
wñf;daok YdlHhdf.a mq;%hl= jQ ilalmKavq l=udrhd" úvQVN úiska kqÿre wkd.;fha fufyh
jkq ,nk YdlH ixydrh ms<sn| ksñ;s lshkakkaf.a wkdjels wid YdlH jxYh /lSu msKsi
YdlHhka msßila o /f.k .x`.d kÈfhka fmdaIKh jk fjk;a m%foaYhlg f.dia tys rdcHhla
f.dvk.df.k rc lf<ah'20 miqld,fha § úchf.a wejEfuka wkqm%dma;slhd f,i meñKs
mKavqjdifoaj rc;=ud ilalmKavq rcqf.a ÈhKsh jQ NoaolÉpdkd l=ußh ish ìij jYfhka ;ud

16
Ibid p. 74.
17
D.V. p.M.V. P. 62.
18
M.V.pp. 67-68
19
Rahula, p. 48
20
M.V.p.72, M.V.T. Vol. LP. 271.
fj; tjk f,i ¥;hka heùh' NoaolÉpdkd mKavqjdifoaj rcqf.a w; .ekSug meñKsfha ;j;a
wújdyl ldka;djka ;siafofofkl= iu`.hs'21 wehf.a meñKSfuka miq wehf.a fidfydhqrka yh
fofkla o Y%S ,xldjg meñK ta ta m%foaYhkays ckmo msysgqjd .;ay' fï wkqj NoaolÉpdkdf.a
mshd jQ ilalmKavq rcq hkq nqÿrÿkaf.a mshd jQ iqoafOdak rcqf.a ifydaorhl= jQ wñf;daok
YdlHhdf.a mq;%hdh'22 fï wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ mKavqjdifoaj rcqf.a foaúh jQ NoaolÉpdkd iy
,xldfõ ckdjdi msysgqjd .;a wehf.a ifydaorhka yhfokd nqÿrÿkaf.a f,a {d;ska h' tfiau
NoaolÉpdkd foaúh iuÕ meñKs wfkla l;=ka ;siafokd o wehf.a m%foaYfha u wh jQy'23 nqÿrÿka
Orudk ld,fha § YdlH msßi úYd, jYfhka nqÿiiqfkys meúÈùu yd meúÈ fkdjQ fndfyda msßia
nqÿrÿkaf.a wkq.dñlhka ùu hk lreKq ms<sn| f;dr;=re uQ,sl fn!oaO .%ka:hkays fldf;l=;a
±lsh yelsh' uyd m%cdm;s f.da;ñh we;=¨ mkaishhla ldka;djka nqÿ iiqfkys meúÈ ùu tla
WodyrKhls'24 fufia i,ld n,k úg NoaolÉpdkd iy wehf.a fidfydhqrka fn!oaOhka
jYfhka l,amkd lsÍug fyd|g u yelshdj we;' wju jYfhka Tjqka nqÿoyu .ek ±k isáhdg
iel ke;' fuys§ i|yka l<hq;= ;j;a jeo.;a lreKla we;' tkï NoaolÉpdkd we;=¿ msßi Y%S
,xldj n,d msg;a jk úg meúoaoka fuka ^mínðldldr& fjiaj,df.k meñKSuhs'25 uydjxifha
i|yka zzmínð;ldrZZ hkafkka nqÿ iiqfka NsCIqKSka woyia lr;a o fjk;a oyul meúoaoka
woyia lr;a±hs meyeÈ,s ke;' zzmínð;dldrZZ hkak meyeÈ,s lrk uydjxiàldj zzmeúÈ fjia
.;a;dyqZZ26 hkqfjka úia;r lr we;;a tu.ska ljr wd.ul oyul meúoaoka o hk ldrKh
meyeÈ,s ke;' by;ska o i|yka l< mßÈ nqÿrÿka Orudk ld,fha§ uydm%cdm;s f.da;ñh we;=¿
mkaishhlafokd wdÈ jYfhka nqÿrÿkaf.a iyf,a {d;ska úYd, jYfhka iiqka.; ùu ms<sn|
lreKq i,ld n,k úg NoaolÉpdkd we;=¨ msßig o tu wdNdih ,enqKd úh yelsh' ta wkqj
Tjqka fn!oaO NsCIqKSka f,i fjia j,df.k meñKqkd úh yels h' flfia jqj o NoaolÉpdkd
we;=¿ msßi yd wehf.a ifydaor msßi nqÿoyu .ek f;dr;=re ,dlslhkag mjikakg we;ehs
l,amkd lsÍu idOdrK h'

ó<Õg iuld,Sk Bidk È. bkaÈhdfõ ;du,s;a;s jrdh iy Y%S ,xldfõ cïnqflda< jrdh
yd ne÷Kq uqyqÿ ud¾.h .ek wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu jeo.;a h' nqÿoyu uekúka m%p,s;j mej;s
mdg,Smq;% wdÈ k.r iy ,xldj w;r m%isoaO kdúl ud¾.hla mej;s nj ft;sydisl uq,dY%h j,ska
fy<s fõ' Bidk È. bkaÈhdfõ ;du,s;a;s jrdfhka uqyoq g iïnkaO jk .x.d kÈh nqÿoyu
m%p,s;j mej;s m%Odk k.r yryd .,d tkakls' ta wkqj kdjql ud¾.h .x.d kÈh Ndú; fldg
tu kÈfha fudah lfgys msysá ;du,s;a;s jrdh yryd Y%S ,xldfõ W;=f¾ msysá cïnqflda< jrdhg

21
Ibid p. 72, D.V.P. 57.
22
S.N.A. Vol. IsP. 356-7.
23
M.V.p 72
24
n,kak" NsCLqKsLkaOl Vin. II.pp 253 isg, Thig. A. pp. 3-4.
25
M.V.P. 72.
26
jxi;:mamldisks uydjxi àldj" isxy, wkqjdoh" 203 msg'
iïnkaO fjhs' fuu kdjql ud¾.h w;S;fha b;d m%isoaO jqjla nj th Ndú; fldg bkaÈhdj yd
,xldj w;r yqjudre jQ ¥; msßia ms<sn| uydjxidÈ b;sydi.; f,aLkhkays tk f;dr;=rej,ska
meyeÈ,s fõ' foajdkïmsh;siai rcq wfYdal rcq fj; mqo mvqre iys;j ¥;hka msg;a lr heùu" tu
¥; msßi kej; meñKSu"27 ix>ñ;a;djka le|jdf.k tau msKsi wßÜGl=ure m%uqL ¥; msßi msg;a
lr heùu" ix>ñ;a;d f;rKsh we;=¿ msßi ch Y%S uyd fndaëka jykafia /f.k Y%S ,xldjg
jevu lrùu28 hk wjia:djkays§ Ndú; flrefKa fuu kdjql ud¾.hhs' miqld,Skj Ök cd;sl
*dyshka NsCIqj Ndr;fha isg ,xldjg meñfKk úg o fuu ud¾.h Ndú; lf<a hehs úYajdi
lrkq ,efí'29 *dyshka jd¾;dj,g wkqj isxy, cd;sh wdrïN ùug fmr mgka úúO rgj,ska
fj<÷ka keõ u.ska uqyqo ;rKh fldg fï rgg meñKs nj i|yka fldg we;' 30 yshqxishExf.a
jd¾;djkag wkqj ne¨j o fjf<÷ka ks;r ks;r ,xldjg meñKs nj i|yka h'31 ñys÷ ysñhkaf.a
,xld.uk .ek i|yka lrk uQ,sl md,s uQ,dY%h Wkajykafia Ndr;fha úÈidfõ isg msßi iu.
wyig mek ke. ñiail mín;hg f.dv neiafia hehs i|yka jqj o32 uQ,dY%hkays i|yka
w;sYfhdala;s l:d bj;a fldg keõ u.ska uqyoq ;rKh fldg Y%S ,xldjg meñKsfha hhs ms<s.kq
,nkafka kï ñys÷ ysñhkaf.a ,xld.ukh ms<sn| ft;sydisl ;;a;ajh ;yjqre lsÍu jvd;a myiq
jkq we;'33 fï wdldrfhka ñys÷ ysñhka meñKSug fmr mgka by; uqyqÿ ud¾. Tiafia ,xldj
yd bkaÈhdj w;r ¥; lKavdhï yqjudre ùï wdÈ fkdfhla iïnkaO;d ;snq nj meyeÈ,sh' fufia
isÿ jQ bkaÿ ,xld iïnkaO;d u.ska nqÿoyu Y%S ,xldjg jHdma; jkakg fyd|gu bv ;snqKs' Y%S
,xldjg nqÿoyu jHdma; ùu ms<sn| u;hla bÈßm;a lrk ´,avkan¾.a uy;d úkh msglhg ,shk
,o ye¢kaùfuys i|yka lrkafka zzY%S ,xld jxil;dj, i|yka mßÈ ñys÷ ysñhka úiska Y%S
,xldjg nqÿoyu y÷kajd ÿkakd fkdj wi,ajeis ld,sx. rdcHfhka l%u l%ufhka jHdma; jQ
njhs'34

uyskaod.ukhg fmr foajdkïmsh;siai rcq yd wfYdal rcq w;r mej;s iïnkaOh

ñys÷ ysñhka ,xldjg meñKSug fmr isg foajdkïmsh;siai rcq yd wfYdal rcq fkdÿgq
ñ;=rka jQ nj ikd: lrk jd¾;d we;'35 wi,ajeis iqúYd, n,j;a rdcHhla jQ bkaÈhdj iu.
ii|k l, Y%S ,xldj b;d l=vd rdcHhls' tfyhska Y%S ,xldfõ md,lhska bka§h foaYmd,k
fCIa;%h ;=< isÿjk isÿùï ms<sn| wjOdkhlska isá nj fmfka' ls'ó 30l muK id.r c,fhka
muKla wE;a jQ wi,ajeis fhdaO rdcHfhka wdl%uKhka we;s fõh" hk ìh fufia wjOdkfhka

27
M.V.pp 91-93.
28
M.V. pp 148 isg S.P pp 91-98.
29
James Legge.p. 100 tu .%ka:fha u 13 msgqfjys tk is;shu n,kak'
30
abid p. 101.
31
Samuel Beal p. 239.
32
D.V.p. 65, M.V p. 102.
33
Panabokke, G. History of Buddhist Sangha in India and Sri Lanka p.76.
34
Vin. Introduction p.L.II isg'
35
M.V.p. 91, D.V.pp. 60-61.
isàug fya;=jhs' tfyhska Y%S ,xldfõ md,lfhda ieuúgu bka§h md,lhka iu. fyd| ys;a we;s
lrf.k lghq;= lsÍug fm<TqfKdah' ta i|yd úúO l%u Ndú; l< w;r úch" mKavqjdifoaj wd§
rcjreka bkaøsh CI;%sh ldka;djka ;u ìfidajreka i|yd m;alr .;af;a fuu woyiska o úh
yels h'

foajdkïmsh;siai rcq Y%S ,xldj md,kh lrk úg wi,ajeis bkaÈhdfõ md,lhd jQfha ta
olajd bka§h b;sydifha my< jQ n,j;au rcq jYfhka ie,flk wfYdal rc;=ud h' fuu Y=rùr
wfYdal rcqf.ka ish l=vd rdcHh /l .ekSug foajdkïmsh;siai rcq Ndú; l< Wmdh ud¾.h
Tyq iu`. fyd| ys; mj;ajdf.k hduhs' fuu mrud¾:h i|yd wfYdal rcq fj; hjkd ;E.s
fNda. iys;j úfYaI ¥;hka msg;a lr heùu wdÈ l%u fojkmE;sia rcq úiska Ndú; lrk ,È'
§mjxih yd uydjxihg wkqj rdcH;ajhg m;a ùug fmr isg foajdkïmsh;siai rcq yd wfYdal
rcq fkdÿgq ñ;=frda jQy' foajdkïmsh;siai rcq rdcH;ajhg m;a jQ ú.i ;udf.a ifydaorhdf.a mq;a
uydßÜG l=udrhd m%uqL lKavdhula uq;= ueKsla wdÈ jákd ;E.s NdKav iu. wfYdal rcq fj;
hjk ,È'36 uydjxifha i|yka mßÈ fuu jákd ;E.s NdKav ms<s.;a wfYdal rcq ish
weu;shkaf.ka fojkmE;sia rcqg heùu msKsi iqÿiq foa .ek úuid we;' fï ld,fha ,xldfõ
rdcHm%dma;s W;aijhla fkdmeje;a jQ fyhska37 wfYdal rcq úiska Y%S ,xldfõ rcqg rdcH m%dma;s
W;aijh meje;aùu i|yd wjYH NdKav f,i lvq" fiai;a" fifur" l=v" mdmqgq" i¨ ms<s wd§ ish¨
foa tjk ,È'38 fuu ;E.sfNda. tjk w;r wfYdal rcq úiska fojkmE;sia rcqg mKs úvhla o
tjk ,È' th uydjxifha i|yka jkafka fufiah'

wyx nqoaOxp Oïuxp ix>xp irKx .f;d

Wmdi;a;;x fjfoisx ilHmq;a;iai idifk
Fjxms budks r;a;dks W;a;udks kre;a;u
Ñ;a;x midohsFjdk ioaOdh irKx Nc39

§mjxifha o fuhg iudk m%ldYhla i|ykaj we;'40 §mjxih yd uydjxih hk fofla u

i|yka jkafka wfYdal rcq fojkmE;sia rcqg f;rejka irK hk f,i okajd wßÜG we;=¿ msßi
w; tjk msKsjqvhhs'

fuu m%ldYfhys ie,lsh hq;= jeo.;a lreKla we;' mKsjqvfhys i|yka nqoaO" Oïu" ix>
hkq l=ula o@ hkak mKsjqvh /f.k tj wßÜG l=ure we;=¿ msßi fyd¢ka ±k .; hq;=h' ula

36
M.V. pp. 91-92, D.V. pp. 59-61.
37
uydjxiàldjg wkqj wfYdal rcq fj;ska rdcdNsfIalh i|yd wjYH NdKav /f.k taug fmr Y%S ,xldfõ
rdcHdNsfIalh fjkqfjka W;aijhla fkdmj;ajd we;' kj rcq w¨;a hIaáhlska md,k lghq;= isÿ lf<a hhs i|yka
fldg we;' zz;f;d mqfnn mk BÈiuNsfil .yKx kdu kFÓ' flj,x kjhgÀhd tj rÊcx lßxiq' M.V.T p 306.
38
M.V. p. 92,D.V.p. 61, S. P.P.75
39
M.V.p. 94.
40
D.V.p. 62, tfiau n,kak S.P.P. 76.
ksid o ish rgg meñK ;u rc;=udg ksjerÈj th jgyd Èh hq;= neúks' ;u ys;j;a
foajdkïmsh;siai rcqg fufia ;sirK irK hk f,i okajd heùug fmrd;=j we;eï úg wßÜG
l=ure we;=¿ msßi ;sirK irKfhys msysgqjd fn!oaO Wmdilhka njg m;a lrkakg o we;'
flfia jqjo ñys÷ ysñhka Y%S ,xldjg meñKSug fmrd;=j wßÜG we;=¿ msßi zz;s%úO r;a;h irK
f.dia Wmdilfhl= jk f,igZZ wfYdal rcq úiska tjk ,o mKsvqvh /f.k Y%S ,xldjg
meñKshy' ñka ikd: jk lreK kï ñys÷ ysñhkag fmdrd;=j nqÿoyu hï wdldrhlska Y%S
,xldjg jHdma; ù ;snq njhs' fï lreK ;jÿrg;a ikd: jk m%ldYhla uydjxifha i|yka h'
tkï ñys÷ ysñhka ,xldjg meñKSug fmr fojkmE;sia rcq ;s%úO r;akh ms<sn| ±k isáfha h"
hkakhs'41

foajdkïmsh;siai rc;=ud úiska ish ñ;% wfYdal rcqf.ka ,o NdKavj,ska iu,xlD;j

kej; jrla rdcHm%dma; ùfï W;aijh mj;ajk ,È'42 fuys i|yka zzfoajdkïmsh;siaiZZ hk
kduh ms<sn|j o W.;=ka úiska u; m< lr we;' wfYdal fi,a,sms úYd, m%udKhl
zzfoajdkïms%hZZ ^foúhkag ms%h jQ& hkak Ndú; fldg we;'43 fï ms<sn|j woyia olajk j,afmd<
rdyq, ysñmdKka Y%S ,xld rcqf.a uq,a ku zz;siaiZZ nj;a zzfoajdkïmshZZ hkak wfYdal rcqf.ka
,enqKq f.!rj kduhla nj;a i|yka lrhs'44 fuu isoaëkaj,ska ñys÷ ysñhka meñKSug fmrd;=j
forfÜ rcjreka fofokd w;r mej;s iïnkaO;dj ;yjqre jk w;r fujka l=Æm.lula
mej;=fKa kï Y%S ,xldfõ rcq nqÿoyu ms<sn| hï wjfndaOhlska isáfha hehs l,amkd l< yels h'

ó<Õg wfYdal rc;=udf.a fi,a,smshl tk m%ldYhla ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lruq' ñys÷
ysñhkaf.aa Y%S ,xld .ukg wjqreÿ oyhlg muK fmr msysgqjk ,o wfYdal fi,a,sms II (Rock
Edict II Gimar Kalsi) iy fi,a,sms XIII (Rock Edict XIII Kaksi) hk fi,a,smsj, zz;ïnmKaKsZZ
hkak i|yka ùu fufia wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug fya;=jhs' §mjxih" uydjxih" iuka;mdidÈld
wd§ bmerKs Y%S ,dxflah b;sydi .%ka:j, zz;ïnmKaKsZZ fyda ;ïnmKaK§s mZZ hkqfjka y÷kajd
we;af;a Y%S ,xldj ms<sn|jhs' fuu jxY l:djkays i|yka zz;ïnmKaKsZZ hkak wfYdal
fi,a,smsj, o ±lsh yelsh' m<uqj ,sms wxl II (Rock Edict II) wfYdal rcqf.aa iudc fiajd lghq;=
^fi!LH fiajdjka i|yd uOHia:dk msysgqùu wdÈh& id¾:l j isÿ l< rgj,a j, kï i|yka jk
;ek zz;ïnmKaKsZZ foaYfha o tu lghq;= id¾:l j isÿ lf<a hehs i|ykah'45 tfia u ,sms wxl
XIII (Rock Edict XIII) ys Tyqf.a zzO¾uúchZZ m%;sm;a;sh id¾:l j jHdma; l< rgj,a w;r
zz;ïnmKaKshZZ o jQ nj i|yka h'46 fuu .sß ,sms folg wkqj tys i|yka rgj,g fowdldrhl

41
M.V.p. 101.
42
M.V.p.93,D.V.61
43
Hultzsch, E, Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Oxford, 1925, pp. 3 isg'
44
Rahula p. 28.
45
Hultzsch pp. 3,28.
46
Ibid pp. 46,68,83.
¥; msßia .sh nj ikd: fõ' tkï rcqf.a fi!LH fiajd wdÈ iudc Y=N idOk lghq;= ms<sn| msßi
iy zzO¾uúchZZ kñka ye¢kafjk O¾ufhka rgj,a ÈkSu fyj;a wfYdal O¾uh jHdma; lsÍug
.sh msßi jYfhks' fuys i|yka O¾uúch lghq;= i|yd .sh msßi iy f;jk O¾u
ix.dhkdfjka miq kj rg iiqka msysgqùu i|yd .sh msßi mg,jd fkd.; hq;=h' O¾u úch
i|yd msg;a jQ msßi kj rg iiqka msysgù
q ug .sh msßig jvd jir 10lg fmr tu lghq;= isÿ l<
nj tu isoaëka ms<sn| Èk jljdkq msßlaiSfuka meyeÈ,s fõ' O¾u úcfhys i|yka zzO¾uhZZ uQ,sl
jYfhka nqÿrÿkaf.a b.ekaùï mokï lrf.k wfYdal rc;=ud úiska u ks¾udKh lr.;a
O¾uhla nj lshkq ,efí'

wfYdal ,smsj, i|yka fuu ;ïnmKaKs hk jpkh ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq fldg we;s
fndfyda W.;=ka tu.sla Y%S ,xldj woyia lrk nj ms<s.kakd w;r tu u;hg tlÕ fkdjk
W.;a;= o isá;s' tu woyig tlÕ fkdjk W.;a;= zz;ïnmKaKsZZ hkq ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ
Tinnevelly Èia;%slalfha zzTamrapamiZZ .Õnv m%foaYh hhs i|yka lr;s'47 wfYdal rcqf.a fuu
.sß ,smsj, i|yka zz;ïnmKaKsZZ hk kug uq,ska fpdv mdKaäh fl,,mqf;d hk iuld,Sk
ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ ;snq rdcHj, kï i|yka fldg zz;ïnmKaKsZZ hk ku i|yka lrkafka kï
,ehsia;=fõ wjidkhghs' .sß ,sms II ys fl,,mqf;d hk kug l,ska id;shmqf;d hk ;j;a
rdcHhl kula i|ykaj we;'48 .sß ,smsj, i|yka fpdav" mdKavH" fl,,mqf;d hkq miqld,Skj
fpd," mdKavH" flar, kñka ye¢ka jQ rdcHhka h' id;shmqf;d hk rdcHh l=ula o@ hkak
wmeyeÈ,s h' fuys i|yka rdcHhkays kï ,shd we;s ms<sfj< mÍCId lsÍfï§ my; i|yka lreKq
meyeÈ,s lr.; yelsh'

1. zz;ïnmKaKsZZ hk ku i|yka jkafka kï ,ehsia;=fõ wjidkhghs'

2. fuu rdcHhka bkaÈhdfõ .sksfldK È. fjr< iy kssß; È. fjr< w;r msysá ol=Kq
foig Èfjk rdcHhka h'
3. fuys i|yka rdcH is;h
s ula u.ska olajf;d;a" is;shfï jvd;au by<ska msysá fpda<j,ska
mgkaf.k jvd;au Y%S ,xldj lsÜgq bkaÈhdfõ ol=Kq fjr< iy ksß; È. fjr<
foaYiSudj fldg msysá mdKavH yd flar, hk rdcH fojkqj f;jkqj i|yka fldg
zz;ïnmKaKsZZ hkak Y%S ,xldj jYfhka i,lf;d;a th jvd;au ol=Kska msysgd we;s
neúka wjidk ku jYfhka i|yka fldg we;'
4. bkaÈhfõ W;=re foi isg ol=Kg .uka lrk úg fyj;a Y%S ,xldj wjidk rg jk w;r
bka Tíng ol=Kq foig .shfyd;a oCIsK O%ejh olajd u rgla yuq fkdfõ' wfYdal rcq
O¾ufhka rgj,a ÈkSfï ms<sfj; ol=fKa wjidk rdcHh jk ;ïnmKaKsh olajd §¾>

47
fuu woyia ms<sn| iudf,dapkhla j,afmd< rdyq, ysñhka úiska isÿlr we;' n,kak' Rahula. p. 10. Hultzch p.
XXXIX.M.S.pp. 7-8 Barua, B.M Asoka and His Inscriptions pp. 112-115.
48
Hultzsch pp. 3-28.
 l< fyhska ol=Kq È.ska ;u rdcHhg lsisÿ n,mEula fkdjk f,i tu ÈYdj ksrjq,a
lr.;af;a h'
5. kef.kysr fjr< iSudj fldg msysá Tinnevelly Èia;%slalh tl, mKaäh rdcHh ;=<
msysá N+ñhla f,i ms<s.kq ,nk fyhska49 ;dïrm¾Ks .Õnv m%foaYfha ;u fiajdjka yd
O¾uúch lghq;= id¾:l jQfha hehs kej; lSfï wjYH;djla ke;'
6. fuu ,ehsia;=fõ i|yka rgj,a yd iudk jákdlula ;snqfKa ;dïrm¾Ks .Õnv
m%foaYhg jvd ;ïnmKaKs hkqfjka ye¢ka jQ Y%S ,xldjg neúka wfkla rgj,a yd iu
;;a;ajh ,efnkqfha zz;ïnmKaKsZZ hkq Y%S ,xldj jyfhka ms<s.;fyd;a h'

;j o bka§h b;sydifhys bkaÈhdj ;=< zz;ïnmKaKsZZ kï jQ rdcHhla mej;s njg idOl

fkdue;'50 by; i|yka lreKqj,g wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfï§ iqúYd, wêrdcHhla ysñ wfYdal
jeks n,.;= wêrdcHfhl= ish O¾u úch ls%hdldrlï iy iudc Y=N idOk lghq;= jHdma; lsÍu
i|yd ;du%m¾Ks .Õnv m%foaYh jeks N+ñhla f;dard .;af;a hhs is;Sug lreKq ke;' iqúfYaI
jYfhka ish .sß,smsj, tu N+ñfha ku i|yka lsÍug fya;=jla o l,amkd l< fkdyelsh'
wfYdal rcq hkq bka§h b;sydih ;=< ìys jQ n,j;au rcq h' tfiau Tyq bkaÈhdfõ úYd,;u N+ñ
m%foaYh md,kh l< md,lhd o úh' hqo lghq;= u.ska rdcHhla oskSu k;r fldg O¾uh u.ska
rdcHhka ÈkSu kï jQ Tyqf.a O¾u úch ls%hdldrlï bka§h uqyqÿ fjrf<a isg ls'ó 30 muK ÿßka
msysá Y%S ,xldjg o jHdma; lf<a hehs ms<s.ekSu wiSre lreKla fkdfõ'

foajdkïmsh;siai rcq rdcH;ajhg m;a jQ ú.i wfYdal rcqg b;d jákd ;E.sfNda. iu.
¥;hka hejq nj wms by;ska i|yka lf<uq' fufia mqo mvqre heùu ljr fya;=jla ksid isÿ lf<a
o hkak úuiSfï§ zz;ud Y%S ,xldfõ md,lhd jYfhka wfYdal rcq úiska ms<s.kakd msKsi fyj;a
Y%S ,xldfõ md,lhd ùug wfYdal rcqf.a wjirh ,nd .ekSu i|yd h"ZZ hkqfjka w¾:l:kh
lsÍug o yels h' by; i|yka l< mßÈ zz;siaiZZ ^foajdkïmsh;siai& wfYdal rcq úiska tjk ,o
rdcH NdKavj,ska ieris rdcHdNsfIal ù wfYdal rcqf.ka ,o zzfojdkïmshZZ hk f.!rj
kdufhka hq;=j rdcHh úpdf<a wfYdal rcqf.a wkq±kSu yd wdYs¾jdoh we;sj úh yelsh'
§mjxidÈfhys foajdkïmsh;siai rcq fojrla rdcHdNsfIal lf<a hehs jd¾;d fldg we;af;a51
wfYdal rcqf.a ±kaùug wkql+,;dj m< l< neúks' fuu lreKq u.ska meyeÈ,s jkafka wfYdal
rcq yd fojkmE;sia rcq w;r l=¨m. in|;djla mej;s njhs' tjeks fyd| in|;djla we;s l,ays
wfYdal rcqf.a iudc fiajd lghq;= yd O¾uúch ls%hdldrlï ;ïnmKaKs foaYfha§ id¾Ól ùu
iajNdúl isoaêhla f,i ie,lsh yelsh' lreKq fufia fyhska wfYdal ,smsj, i|yka
zz;ïnmKaKsZZ hkq bkaÈhdfõ ;du%m¾Ks .Õnv N+ñh fkdj Y%S ,xldjg jYfhka ie,lSu
idOdrKh'
49
M.S.P.8.
50
Asoka and His Inscriptions p. 113.
51
D.V.P. 61, M.V.P. 93.
 fuu ks.ukfha msysgd tkï wfYdal .sß,smsj, i|yka zz;ïnmKaKsZZ hkq YS% ,xldj jYfhka
ms<s.;a l< Tyqf.a O¾uúch yd iudc Y=NidOk lghq;= ;ïnmKaKf
s ha id¾Ól jQfha h"
hkqfjka i|yka fyhska tu O¾u úch lghq;= yd iudc Y=NidOk lghq;=j,g iïnkaO msßia Y%S
,xldjg meñKsfha hehs ms<s.ekSug isÿfõ' zzO¾uúchZZ m%;sm;a;sfhys i|yka zzO¾uhZZ m%Odk
jYfhka nqÿ oyfuka fmdaIKh jQjls' wfkla w;g Y%S ,xldjg tfia msßia meñKsfha kï Tjqka
w;r fn!oaO m%;sm;a;s wkq.ukh lrkakka o isákakg we;'52 O¾u úch ms<sn| .sß,smsj, i|yka
jkafka th wfYdal rcqf.a 8fjks jifrys isÿ jQ njhs'53 wfYdal rcq úiska Èh;a lrk ,o O¾u
úch lghq;= foj;djl§ isÿ l<d fia i,lkakg isÿ fõ' ula ksid o fuu folg iïnkaO .sß
.s,s folla fjk fjk u we;s neúks' ta wkqj wfYdal rcqf.a wgfjks jir jk úg fufia
fowdldrhl msßia foj;djl§ Y%S ,xldjg meñK we;ehs l,amkd lsÍug isÿ fõ'54 Y%S ,xldjg
ks, jYfhka nqÿ oyu y÷kajd ÿka uyskao ysñhka m%uqL ¥; msßi meñKsfha wfYdal rcqf.a 17jk
jif¾ meje;a jQ f;jk O¾u ix.S;sfhka miq Tyqf.a 18jk jif¾ § h'55 by; f;dr;=rej,g
wkqj ñys÷ ysñhka jevu lsÍug jir 10lg muK fmr Y%S ,xldjg nqÿiuh meñK we;' tys
f;areu kï ñys÷ ysñhka meñKSug fmr foj;djl§ meñKs msßia fj;ska nqÿoyu ms<sn| ±kSu Y%S
,xldjg ,efnkakg we;ehs is;sh yels ùuhs'

ñys÷ ysñhka meñKSug jir 200lg ;rï by;§ bkaÈhdfõ isg meñK ,xldfõ rclug m;a
jQ mKavqjdifoaj ^444-414 BC& rcq Y%S ,xldjg meñKSu iïnkaOfhka ksñ;s lshkakka úiska
lrk ,o m%ldYhl zzfuu ^rcqf.a& mrmqfrys wkd.;fha§ nqÿoyu m%;sIaGdmkh jkafkah"ZZ
hkqfjka i|yka h'56 ksñ;s lshkakka fufia nqÿ oyu ms<sn| úia;r lSu jkdys Tjqyq iy we;eï
úg zzmKavqjdifoajZZ rc;=ud nqÿoyu ms<sn| ±k isáfhdah" hk f;areuhs'

ñys÷ ysñhka nqÿoyu y÷kajd §fuka wk;=rej b;d YS>%fhka rg mqrd th jHdma; ù .sh nj
rg mqrd úisÍ mj;akd mqrdúoHd;aul idOlj,ska ikd: ù we;' rfÜ úúO m<d;aj,ska fidhd
.kakd ,o n%dyaóh wCIrj,ska ,sh ù we;s fi,a,sms mÍCId lsÍfï§ o fï lreK fyd¢ka meyeÈ,s
fõ'57 fï wdldrfhka nqÿoyu rg mqrd fõ.fhka jHdma; jQfha o ñys÷ ysñhkaf.a meñKSug fmr
isg Y%S ,xldfõ úiQ ñksiqka nqÿoyu ms<sn| hï ±kqula ,nd ;snq ksid hhs l,amkd lsÍug o
yelshdj we;' fï lreK iïnkaOfhka uydpd¾h MIZUNO úiska i|yka lr we;s lreK
f.kyer ±laùu WÑ; hehs isf;a'

52
Vin. Introduction. P. LII.
53
Hultzsch pp 47,68,81.
54
Rahula pp. 48-49.
55
M.V.p. 55,S.P.P.73.
56
M.V.p. 71.
57
Paranavitana S. Inscriptions Of Ceylon Vol. I .%ka:h lshjkak' fuys i|yka mßÈ Y%S ,xldfõ úúO m<d;aj,ska
fidhd .kakd ,o 4000lg wêl fi,a,sms w;r n%dyaóh wCIrj,ska ,shk ,o fi,a,sms 1234la we;s w;r tajd ish,a,
u mdfya nqÿoyu iïnkaO lghq;= fjkqfjka ,shk ,o tajdh'
 zzi;a;lska u §mjxih uydjxih wd§ jd¾;djkays úYd, jYfhka w;sYfhdala;s we;s fyhska
i;H jYfhka tu jd¾;djkays i|yka whqßka nqÿoyu y÷kajd §u ms<sf.k tlajru iY%Sl;ajfhka
jHdma; jQfha o hkak iel iys; h' flfia fj;;a mQ¾j iqodkï ld, mßÉfþohla ke;sj tu
id¾:l;ajh ^nqÿoyu CIKsl j rg mqrd jHdma; ùu& ,nd.; fkdyels h'58

fï olajd lrk ,o úuiSu iïmsKavkh l<fyd;a my; i|yka whqßka ±laúh yels h'

1. úch rcqf.a meñKSfuka wk;=re j bkaÈhdfõ uOqrd wd§ m%foaYhkaf.ka meñKs fndfyda mjq,a
w;r fn!oaOhka isáhd úh yelsh'
2. NoaolÉpdkd iy tu ifydaorhka yhfokd YdlH l=,hg wh;a nqÿrÿkaf.ka iyf,a {d;ska
neúka Tjqka fn!oaOd.u ms<sn| f;dr;=re Y%S ,xldjg y÷kajd fokakg we;'
3. bkaÈhdfõ isg ks;r ks;r fuys meñKs fjf<÷ka u.ska nqÿoyu ms<sn| f;dr;=re furgg
,efnkakg we;'
4. wfYdal rcq fojkmE;sia rcqg ;sirK irK .sh Wmdilfhl= jkakhs mKsjqv tajd ;snq
fyhska tys§ nqÿoyu ms<sn| hï y÷kajd§ula isÿjkakg we;'
5. wfYdal rc;=udf.a O¾uúch lghq;= yd iudc fiajd lghq;= ;ïnmKaKs foaYfha id¾:l
jQfha hhs wfYdal ,smsj, i|yka fldg we;s fyhska tu ¥; msßia u.ska nqÿoyu y÷kajd §ula
isÿjkakg we;'

tfy;a jxil:d wdÈ b;sydi .%ka: ;=< ñys÷ ysñhka meñK nqÿoyu y÷kajd fok f;la m%d.a
uyskao Y%S ,xldfõ nqÿoyfï ;;a;ajh .ek lsisÿ i|ykla fkdue;' ñys÷ ysñhka meñKSug
fmrd;=j nqÿoyu ,xldjg we;=¿ jQfha hhs i|yka tlu iaj,am ud;% f;dr;=re jkqfha wfYdal rcq
úiska fojk mE;sia rcqg ;sirK irK .sh Wmdilfhl= jk f,ig olajd tjq mKsjqvhhs'
mKavqjdifoaj rcqf.a meñKSu ms<sn| jd¾;djkays i|yka mßÈ ksñ;s lshkafkda Tyqf.a mrmqfrys
wkd.;fha nqÿoyu m%;sIaGdmkh fõ hhs i|yka l< o ñys÷ ysñhkag fmrd;=j nqÿoyu ms<sn| Y%S
,xldjdiSkag iq¿ fyda ±kSula ;snq nj i|yka fkdlr;s' uyskaod.ukhg fmr ,xldfõ nqÿoyfï
;;ajh mÍCId lsÍfï§ úuiSug ,laúh hq;= ;j;a jeo.;a lreKla uydjxifha i|yka fõ' tkï
ñys÷ ysñhka meñKSug wjqreÿ 70lg muK fmr mKavqldNh rcq ^377-307 BC& wkqrdOmqr k.r
ks¾udKh lsÍfï§ tjlg mej;s ish¨ wd.ïj,g tu wd.ñl mQcHhkag ta ta ia:dk fjka fldg
tu ia:dkhkays f.dvke.s,s wdÈh ;ek jQ nj i|yka ldrKhhs' mKavqldNh rc;=ud ljr
wd.ulg wh;aj isáfha ±hs jd¾;djkaf.ka meyeÈ,s ke;;a md,lfhl= f,i ish¨ wd.ïj,g yd
ish¨ mQcHhkag idOdrKj ie,l+ nj tu jd¾;dj,ska meyeÈ,s fõ'

58
KOGEN MIZUNO p. 7.
 tu uydjxi jd¾;djg wkqj úúO kïj,ska ye¢kafjk hCI hCIKSka i|yd fofjd,a yd
jdiia:dk wdÈh ;ekSu" úúO foújrekag ia:dk kï lsÍu" Ysj ,sx.h i|yd Yd,d ;ekSu"
n%dyauK" ks>KaG" mßn%dcl" wdðjl" wd§ úúO mQcHhka i|yd ia:dk fjka fldg § f.dvke.s,s
bÈlr §u wdÈh isÿ lf<a hhs jd¾;d fldg ;sfí' tu jd¾;djg wkqj iuld,Sk bkaÈhdfõ mej;s
nqÿiuh yer ish¨ wd.ï ksfhdackh ù we;' hï wdldrhlska fï ld,h jk úg fn!oaO
wkq.dñlhka isáfha ù kï fuu jd¾;dj ;=< nqÿoyug iïnkaO hï f;dr;=rla i|yka lr
;eìh hq;=h' wfkla lreK kï ñys÷ ysñhka meñKSug fmr ld,hg wh;a lsisÿ wd.u oyulg
wh;a mqrdúoHd;aul idCIHhla fuf;la fidhdf.k fkdue;' tfy;a fï ld,h jkúg hï
wdldrhlska nqÿoyu ,xldjg we;=¿ ù ;snq njg wm by;ska ±la jQ úu¾Ykfha§ meyeÈ,s jQfha hhs
i|yka l< yels h'

tfy;a uydjxi wd§ uQ,sl uQ,dY%hj, ñys÷ ysñhkaf.a meñKSug fmrd;=j ,xldj ;=< nqÿoyu
ms<sn| ±kSula ;snq nj iDcqj mjik lsisÿ jd¾;djla fkdue;' we;eï úg nqÿoyu ms<sn|
wjfndaOhla ta jk úg;a ;snqfKa ù kuqÿ jxil:dlrejka tajd is;d u;d u jd¾;d fkdl<d úh
yels h' Bg tla fya;=jla f,i wfYdal rcq jeks krm;shl=f.a mq;%hd jQ ñys÷ ysñhka ,xldjg
nqÿoyu y÷kajd ÿkafka h" hk lreKg uq¿ wjOdkh u fhduq jk whqßka" th wjOdrKh lsÍu
msKsi Bg fmrd;=j meje;s ;;a;ajh jd¾;d fkdl<d úh yelsh' Oldernberg59 uy;d iy
u,,fialr uy;d60 hk m`äjre o fuu u;h u bÈßm;a fldg we;af;da h' wfkla w;g fuu
uQ,sl md,s uQ,dY%hj, m%Odk mrud¾:h ñys÷ ysñhka úiska nqÿoyu y÷kajd §fï isoaêh yd
b;sydih ;=< nqÿiiqk iïnkaOfhka isÿ jQ m%Odk isoaëka jd¾;d fldg ;eîu jQ neúka m%d.a
uyskao hq.fha nqÿiiqk iïnkaO isoaëka ms<sn| j tu .%ka:ldrlhka lsisÿ wjOdkhla fhduq
fkdl<d úh hq;=h'

fuu uQ,dY%hka w;r jvd;au merKs f,i ie,flk §mjxih ñys÷ ysñhkaf.a meñKSfuka
wjqreÿ 550lg 600lg muK miqj rpkd ù we;ehs ie,flk ksid §mjxi l¾;Djrhdg ñys÷
ysñhka meñKSug fmr mej;s ,xldfõ fn!oaO f;dr;=re m%udKj;a f,i fkd,efnkakg we;s
fyhska m%d.a uyskao hq.fha fn!oaO ;;a;ajh .ek lsisjla §mjxihg we;=<;a fkdjkakg we;'
tfyhska §mjxih mokï lrf.k ìys jQ uydjxih" iuka;mdidÈld ndysr ksodk l:d wdÈfha o
iajNdúlju m%d.a uyskao hq.fha fn!oaO ;;a;ajh ms<sn| f;dr;=re we;=<;a fkdjkakg we;'
wfkla jeo.;a lreK kï ñys÷ ysñhkag fmrd;=j Y%S ,xldjg nqÿoyu we;=¿ ù ;snqfKa ù kuqÿ
th m%n, wd.ñl úYajdihla f,i j¾Okh ù fkd;sfnkakg we;' tfia u ñys÷ ysñhkag fmr
hq.fha ,xldfõ NsCIq NsCIqKSka fkdisáhdla fuka u úydria:dk o fkd;sfnkakg we;'61

59
Vin. Introduction p. LII.
60
Malalasekara G.P. Pali Literature of Ceylon p. 19.
61
Rahula p. 49.
D.V = Dipavamsa Abbreviations

M.B.V = Mahabodhivamsa

M.S = 2300 jirl ñys÷ ixialD;sh

M.V = Mahavamsa

M.V.T = Mahavamsa Tika

N.S = Nikaya Sangrahaya

S.N.A = Sutta Nipata Atthakatha

S.p = Samanthapasadika

Thig. A = Therigatha Atthakatha

Vin. = Vinaya Pitaka

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33. jxiF:mamldisks uydjxi àldj isxy, wkqjdoh wl=/áfha wurjxY kdysñ" fyaupkaø
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1994