Fall 2020 ‘Analog and Digital Communication ‘Air University 2S Online Final Examination Ss Fall 2020 ‘Subject: Analog and Digital Communication (ADC) Total Marks: SO Course Code: EE 473, Date: Friday, November 06, 2020 Class: BCE Vil ‘Time: 0900-1100 Hours ‘Semester: Vil ‘Max. Duration: 2 Hours Seetion(s): A FM Name: Muhammad Tilal SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: Calculators are allowed. Try to be neat and organized. Vague or badly motivated answers are considered wrong. Draw properly abeled/lormatted relevant praphs/circuit &block diagrams where necessary. In case of any confusion, make an assumption and continue. Clearly state your assumption. if any. In order to get full marks, elaborate each step in derivations and design procedures. Good Luck Qiesion#oi clon > riow > coz SES ‘a. For a communication system to work properly the SNR requirement at the receiver is 6 dB. Due to some disturbance in the transmission channel, the received SNR is 2 dB. In order to improve the SNR, the received signal is amplified. Comment if the amplification will solve the problem at hand. b. The frequency spectrum of human voice goes up to 5 kHz but for hardware implementation purposes, bandwidth of 4 kHz is assumed. Briefly elaborate the effect of removing the high frequency components from human voice. Pere A subcarrier given in Eq. 1.1 is amplitude modulated by an information signal given in Eq. 1.2. The resulting AM signal is then used to amplitude modulate the signal given in Eq, 1.3 to generate a signal that is finally transmitted. Derive 2 ‘mathematical expression for this final signal that is transmitted. v= V,cos2nfyt (€q.1.1) vz = Vz C08 2nfzt (Eq. 1.2) vy = V3 sin 2afst (Eq. 1.3) a, An analog signal x(¢) given below is to be converted to digital format. What should be the sampling frequency? x(t) = 10cos6280¢ + 5sin628t + Bcos12560t + 3sin1000¢ b. Acommunication system currently operate at the data rate of 3 Mbps needs to increase the transmission rate to. 9 Mbps. What would be the effect of this increase in rate on system bandwidth? a, An AM transmitter has the unmodulated carrier power of 20kW and can be modulated to a maximum of 99% before the system saturates/overloads. Find the value to which carrier power can be increase if 60% modulation limit is imposed. 'b. An analog communication system using FM has the highest modulating frequency of 5 kHz and maximum deviation of 15 kHz. Calculate the bandwidth of modulated signal using Carson’s rule. Compare this value with the one obtained using the simple formula. For practical systems which of these values should be used? ‘An FM transmitter has a frequency deviation of 18,75 kHe. Calculate the percent modulation if it is broadcast in 1. 88-108MHz Band 2. Asa portion of a TV broadcast b. Briefly compare AM and FM in terms of transmitter efficiency. End Term Examination Good tuck @ Page lofi Scanned with CamScanner~ Analog and Digital Communication Fall all 2020 " 2G ‘AlrUniversity — Final Examination Fall 2020 F cee 404 Dig Communication ADE) Total Markes 100 Clas 8CEVIA Date: January 15, 2021, Semester: Vil Time: 1430-1730 Hours section(s): A ‘Max. Duration: 3 Hours ‘ " FM Name: Muhgginf at Tlal “SPECIALINSTRUCTIONS: 4, This question paper contalns06 questions spanned over 3 poges along with the Q function table a function table. 2 Calculators ae allowed, Try tobe neat and organized, Vague or badly motivated answers are considered wrong. ‘Draw properly labeled/formatted relevant graphs/circult &block diagrams where necessary. 4, Incase of any confusion, make an assumption and continue. Clearly state your assumption, if any. 4. Inorder to get full marks, elaborate each step In derivations and design procedures. Good Luck Biesuunmorcronons For the given expression of Power Spectral Density (PSD), calculate (I) Half power bandwidth (Ii) Null to Null bandwidth eNO Gy(f) = 10logyo{ 10-5 SO 8 a PODS LaO ‘A sub-carrier of 80 kHz is amplitude modulated by tones of 2 and 8 kHz. The resulting AM signal is then used to amplitude modulate a carrier of 14MHz. Calculate all sideband frequencies in the composite signal and draw frequency domain display of signal. Assume 100 percent modulation. A radio transmitter TX is using amplitude modulation with maximum bandwidth of 10 kHz. Due to some technical issue, the amplitude modulator stops working. Technicians found out that it will take atleast two days to repair the modulator. They have a frequency modulator and they want to use it to transmit the Information using frequency ‘modulation. is it possible with the given constraints? Why or why not? 2 ‘A baseband communication system uses unipolar RZ, signaling for a channel that is modeled as AWGN. Derive an expression for bit error probablity for such system. Can we use ths system for an application for which erthogonality, of signals is the primary requirement. Justify your answer in detall. re deployed in the frequency spectrum from 540 to 1600 kHz. How many AM broadcast a, AM broadcast stations ar radio stations can be deployed in this range to transmit simultaneously? What would be the highest carrier frequency allocated? ‘An AM transmitter has the unmo the system saturates/averloads. Find the val imposed. ydulated carrier power of 20kW and can be modulated to a maximim of 70% before Ive to which carrier power can be increase if 40% modulation limit is ean analog to dgial converter Isto be designed fora digital communication system. In thls converter, the output of the sampler varies between +3V and -3V. End Term Examination Good Luck @ Page fof — i Scanned with CamScannerAnalog and Digital Communication Fall 2020), oe {Design a uniform quantizer with minimum peak signal power fo ‘average quantization nolse power ratio equalto € 28 dB. Draw a complete diagram of the quantizer clearly showing quantile Interval and. ‘quantization levels. Show: ach design step in detail, Accuracy up to 4 decimal places is required, fi. Using the quantizer designed in part {a}, quantize the following 10 values Irom sampler output. Draw a table that lists the quantized: ‘values vs. original values, Sampler output values: (0.13, 1.72, 2.61, 0.63, 2.12, 1.1, 2.96, 0.5, 0.69, 2.71] Mi. The quantizer designed in part {a) {s to be used In the European landline telephone system but uniform Mragreaton & usually not prefered for telephony applications and hence certaln modifications are required. Modify the quantizer of part (a) so that It can be utilized for the above mentioned telephone system.Show the ‘complete details of modification, Iv. Using the modified uantizer obtained in part (c}, quantize the sampler output values of part (b) and tabulate ‘the results, “+ Compare the quantized values of part (b) and part (d) and comment if the modification done Is working correctly. b+ A teal valued signal c(t) having a spectrum C (u) as described by €q5.1glven below ls sampled every Ts seconds by an ideal impulse tain to generate a sampled signal €(t).Sketch the spectrum C (u) ofthe sampled signal ¢(t) when ‘ss 2n seconds. This sampled signal ls reconstructed by connecting & (t) to the input ofa filter having a frequency esponse defined as H (w) given in equation 52, Sketch the spectrum of the output signal of this filter. Comment in detail about the reconstructed signal, =f? lo} =a Cw) ft -lol —fajsa Est H(w) = 2n rect (®/,) Eq. A digital communication system needs to transmit human vol Telecommunication Authority (PTA) allocated the lowest an 1010 KHz respectively, The designed system has a filter rol of levels used in the anal ice avoiding Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). Pakistan id highest transmission frequencies as 1000 KHz and. ff factor of 0.25. Calculate the number of quantization 10g to digital conversion of voice if the system used 64 level PAM. . A communication system employing time division multiplexing needs to be designed for three users, User A has a varlable data rate of S - 25 kbits/second with the average data rate of 16 kbits/second, user B has variable data {ate of 2- 15 kbts/second with the average date rate of 12 kbits/second while user C has a variable data rate of 10~ 20 kbits/second with the average data rate of 17 kbits/second. What should be minimum transmission rate of ‘multiplexing link for optimum performance? What type of time slot assignmerit should be used In such a system? For the system glven In the figure below 1. Calculate the data rate : ‘Transmitter 1265 Channel Recelver ‘Type: Coaxial Cable . > anerhsstreree —> Target Bit error Rates 104 ‘Channel Model: AWGN with PSD=10* W/Hz Attenuation: 0.2d8/meter Scanned with CamScannerAnalog and Digltal Communteation Change the value of Noise PSDto 10) he results of lea de he reasoniog Dart (a) and (b) and argue if the results a lopleal ond correct, Justify with complete TheEnd 9 Bessel Function Table for FM Calor and skdeband ampltudes fr diferont modulation Indoxos of FM signals based on the Besse! functions, ¢ 30f 3, End Term Examination Good Luck@ aa ( Scanned with CamScannerSubject: Analog and Digital Communication Course Code: EE 330 Class: BEEEV Semester: ¥ Section(s): A & hiietacnonncin ie Air Pd Fira ean) ' fat2019 suse! a SPECALINSTRUCTONS = SSS 1. This ita closed booW/closed notes examination It contin yy ATTEMPT ALL SUB PARTS OF A QUESTION TOGETHER ug tis sp C20 NE MR 5 4 » ® One of the fundamental goals of communications maximize the Rate a Felationship Between the Rate of information aeiavnel vandwidth? systems 1. Briefly descrbe the difference between fll dupinnd hal utes commana Question # 02: [PLOOH}> (C10 O2pGHN IH ‘& A certain AM transmitter radiates BKW of goer with the camer ‘Sinusoidally modulated (1) Calculate the modulation index (2) Ht another wave modulated to 50% is we vans: b. The time domain plot of an Amplitude Modu (AM) ‘Question #03: ‘ t 1. Consider a human voice signal, with speci»! components Hate) generate a PCM signal. Assume that the /2!2 ope : 30dB. What is the minimum number of =for™ quantization evs per sample needed? ain b. Some PCM coding schemes have inhere™! CONE voit ey waveform does not need the external cot fF " clocking? i Question 1 04: (PLOO2] >i a. Draw the constellat boundassfa pos saan Why, an a Semodu { cueston n0sfPLO0H}S{CHO051=¢5.< Ei ee Marks: Se ‘average power of Additive White Gauri, 9 = : < Te ets nanied mae 10 min which ar ft), as giver ‘below, is transmitted over an AWGN channel, communication 9 f =f, frosest ~_ * fori ses? cis OST HSLSTOOREBOE SAAMI Ra Marks: 5+5 Consider that RZ binary are transmitted along , the signal power by 348 (trom ces mtr ie plese ihre det, ete ape caa rate SERDIS/S, Aue ‘Gaussian noise with Ne=10 Watt/Hz. What Is the Minima unt of power needed at the transmitter inorder to maintain the bit error probability of Ps=10*? What i the theoretical minimum system bandwidth rete: 19 atbps signal using 16 level PAM without inter yal interference? What f the rl off factor if allowate ym pandwidth is 1.375 MAE? Scanned with CamScannerAnalog & Digital Communications Spring 2017 Air University Mid Term Examination: Spring 2017 Subject: Analog and Digital Communication Total Marks: 60 Date: March 27, 2017 (0900-1100 Hours) Time Allowed: 02 Hours Reg ID: Class & Section: BEE VIll (Sec A & 8) Course Instructor: Muhammad Tilal ‘Special Instructions: 1k This is a closed book/closed notes examination. It contains 03 questions spanned over 01 page. ‘Make sure that you have got the complete question paper. Calculators are allowed. 2. Try to be neat and organized. Attempt all sub-parts of 2 question together. Failure to do so can reduce the marks. Multiple answers for same question shall be considered wrong. 3. Vague or badly motivated answers are considered wrong, 4. Draw property labeled/formatted relevant circuit/block diagrams where necessary. GLO Wapping, asoT [CLOT] O02 [CLO Oy Q #03 [GLO 3] Wax. Marks: 20 20 20 Marks Obtained Qiiestion OL wansitorio 2. If signal power is increased, it is possible to transmit using a smaller bandwidth and vice versa. Explain how this is possible. Also write down the equation depicting the relationship between bandwidth expansion factor and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). b, Arrange Ultra-violet, X-rays and Gamma rays in the order of ascending frequencies. Explain why these three types of rays are harmful. Uestion #02 a. Asub-carrier of 70 kHz is amplitude modulated by tones of 2.1 and 6.8 kHz, The eal AM signal is then used to amplitude modulate a carrier of 12.5 MHz. Calculate all sideband frequencies in the composite signal and draw frequency domain display of signal. Assume 100 percent modulation. b. Define pre-distorter and draw its circuit diagram. How Is it used to generate indirect FM? Question #03 iMiarksed0¥i0 ‘2. In a digital audio system, an analog signal is digitized such that the sampling rate Is 44.1 kilo samples/second. The rato of peak signal power to peak quantization nolse powers atleast 9648, 2. Calculate the number of quantization levels required for (=)q peak = 96dB 2. How many bits/sample are required for the number of levels found in part (1)? 3. Calculate the data rate. b. A baseband communication system is designed to transmit a bit stream onto a channel which inverts the polarity of waveform due to certain channel effects. Choose one such PCM waveform that will ensure the correct detection of the data at the receiver in presence of problem stated above. Use the chosen PCM waveform to encode the bit stream 110110001002 Good Luck @ Mid Term Examination Page 1 of 1 Scanned with CamScanner2g Analor & Digital Commurdcation (Et $30) 2 ATE V (CBO), Fall 2026, td Term { eorqurartion ‘Total Marka: 60 | Dates Friday October 2, 2006 Course Instructor: Mahomed Tat Time Attowed: 2 Hows i ‘Registration Instettions tha ae caised beast “silts ¢eamemation cErenning of 1: dvesthon Orly wearetita tah latory ere allowed. try to te rest K vee tt emt dand onrecenaty deal Dhan figure and ainust eiapremy whore BeceAaary B stoary state the aes aes wmamabe aide amimean 2 estinn ame kN rs ‘ Cla Taatandant At now tne mre ct pe of debands be telated to 2 Frequrin yslesuhen \ Frequency of the modulating 479" un of naeaung menber of bin/PEM word m Otder to reduce the quantivatior ‘What is the csadvantage noise? An AN trenmtter used for 1 Imoduered to 4 masimum of BD percent by a angie frequency signal belore overloading. Find the walue to whien caret power can be Iincreaced if 2 50 perzunt modulation limit fy Impowed Myon PM orcut, the modu ston indes Is 10 and the ~ bpproximate bancwidtn ot tne resultam FM signal? “i i tagggst meditation frequency i 20 hit. Whet & the rs ("= = + Rihuman voles vignal band bmited to 4 bits ft to be 7 ‘evailable transmission bandwidth bs 96 kHz, ‘a. Calculate the number of quant zation levels required to convert the sampled signal values into PCM words. b Calculate the peak single power to F,/n 5. quantizet-on notin pawer ratio for the quantizer. equency thrice @) maimum frequency and the fofowing samples Arsgaal a sampled at 2 sampiing {1 bales between +BY and BV ore oblaiwed ILIV, 1.6V, 4 8V, 6 1V, 7 3V, 5 V4 IY, 2.3V, 0 7¥, AV, DAV, -S8V, 63V-7A¥1 & Design 2 26 level quantizer to quaitite the above mentioned sampled data. Give the defined quantiz2pon level quantile interval and draw a compete map ot quantized values. b. Encode the quantized values obtained in part (2) Into bt stream. tc. The bt stream obtained In part (d) has to be sent using 2 baseband PCM waveform. Due to some constraints there Is no clock signal available at the réceiver. Choose an appropriate POM wavelorm for correct synchronizavion at the re-ewer Justily yue choice d, Draw the chosen PCM waveform for first 20 bits of tit stream acquired in part (b). { ' Scanned with CamScannerTal Air University Final Examination: Fall 2016 Subject: Analog and Digital Communication ‘Total Marks: 60 Time Allowed: 03 Hours Date: January 02, 2017 (0200-1200 Hours) Macs CE V (Section C&D) Regio: Course Instructor: Mr, Muhammad Tilal ‘Special instructions: 2. _Return the question paper with the answer book. This Is @ closed book/closed notes exarnination. It contalas 06 questions spanned over 02 pages along with Q function table. Make sure that you have ot the complete question paper. Calculators are alowed 2. Try te be neat and organized, Attempt all sub parts of 2 question together, Failure to do s0 can reduce the marks. nye a An analog radio station Is being designed with maximum coverage area as a primary requirement. Select an appropriate analog modulation scheme for such a radio station and justify your cholee, uses 2 40mH coll and InF capacitor. if the 'b. The tuned circuit of the oscillator in an AM transmitter * Carrler wave produced by the oscillator is modulated by audio frequencies up to 10 kiiz, calculate > __ the frequency band occupied by the side bands and channel width. inher ee ET (0, as given below, is transmitted over an AWGN channel, » pate 2) =2,(0) + 22(0) aa fordstst 4O= tre foriets2 rena() = u(t-2)-u(e—4) b. What are the three fundamental causes systems? OF Inter Symbol Interference (Ist) in ‘communication Hoge aay tar sional sit) is 3 +1 oF -2 V pulse during Additive Noise having two sided power spectral density of 10-2 Wades ee aca we usin ——— Scanned with CamScannernig UI te ‘aalog& Dita! Communications sent with a bit error is detected with 2 matched fiter, determine the maximum bit rate 1h3t can be probability of P, 107%. PE ‘We may transmit these Para ral in the eange of 3003300 He fs sampled at 6000 samPlshe NT ce binary samples directly as PAM pulses or we may first convert each ransmissior nar ose vsstary bandwidth required forthe detection of PAM with no ISI and with fates roof characterstcs Of 7°17 isthe minimum bandwidth required for the detection of {b) Using the same rot! off characteris binary {PCM} waveforms if the samples are quantized to eight levels? fc) Repeat part (b) using 128 quantization levels. a ‘Draw the constellation diagram for Grey coded 16 PSK modulation scheme. Also draw the bit ‘combination table. b. Find the error probability P, and symbol error probability F, of QPSK assuming ¥,= 748, Compare the exact F,, with the approximation Py =P, /2 based on the assumption of Gray Coding. *» [Hint: Formula for exact symbol error probability is F, = 1-[1-Q. 1”. a. Consider a system with four low bit rate sources of 10kbits/sec, 20kbits/sec, 30kbits/sec and 40kbits/sec. Determine the slot assignment when the data streams are combined using TOM. b, A T1 wire line systems has to transmit the speech data of 24 users simultaneously from one Substation to another to using Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). Calculate the data rate for this transmission. Also draw frame structure and calculate the frame duration for T1 line. TheEnd Good tuck @ Scanned with CamScanner