University of Duhok Medical Microbiology

College of Dentistry Theory Lecture

Student Name: S 5:19) -

Grade:
G : A

Q1/ Short Answer:

• List and briefly describe the different methods of bacterial gene (DNA)
transfer between bacteria.
Q2/Multiple Choice:
• Identify the method of DNA transfer based on the provided descriptions:
a) This method involves a sex pilus that helps in direct cell-to-cell contact.
• i) Transformation
•&ii) Conjugation
• iii) Transduction
• iv) Replication
b) In this method, bacterium uptakes free DNA from the environment.
•⑧i) Transformation
• ii) Conjugation
• iii) Transduction
• iv) Replication
c) This process uses a bacteriophage as a vector to transfer DNA.
• i) Transformation
• ii) Conjugation
• iii)
⑳ Transduction
• iv) Replication
Q3/ True or False:
• a) During transformation, DNA is always taken up from a lysed donor
cell. False
• b) Conjugation requires direct contact between two bacterial cells. false
• c) In transduction, DNA is always correctly packaged into bacteriophages. False
Q4/ Short Answer:
• What is a bacteriophage? Explain its role in bacterial gene transfer.

A bacteriophage is a type of virus that infects bacteria. It

plays a crucial role in bacterial gene transfer by injecting its
genetic material into the bacterial cell, which can lead to the
.transfer of new genes and traits between bacteria