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L-02 Analysis and Design of One-Way Slab System (Aug 2016) (Colored)
L-02 Analysis and Design of One-Way Slab System (Aug 2016) (Colored)
Lecture-02
Analysis and Design of
One-way Slab System
(Part-I)
By: Prof Dr. Qaisar Ali
Civil Engineering Department
UET Peshawar
www.drqaisarali.com
Topics Addressed
References
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Flat Plate
Punching shear is a typical problem in flat plates.
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Flat Slab
Drop Panel: Thick part of slab in the vicinity of columns
One-way Joist
Joist construction consists of a monolithic combination of
regularly spaced ribs and a top slab arranged to span in
one direction or two orthogonal directions.
Rib
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design – II 6
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Two-way Joist
Analysis
Unlike beams and columns, slabs are two dimensional
members. Therefore their analysis except one-way slab
systems is relatively difficult.
Design
Once the analysis is done, the design is carried out in the
usual manner. So no problem in design, problem is only in
analysis of slabs.
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Analysis Methods
Analysis using computer software (FEA)
SAFE, SAP 2000, ETABS etc.
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Wall
ln ln
lc/c lc/c
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Loads:
According to ACI 5.2 — Service loads shall be in
accordance with the general building code of which this
code forms a part, with such live load reductions as are
permitted in the general building code.
BCP SP-2007 is General Building Code of Pakistan and it
refers to ASCE 7-10 for minimum design loads for buildings
and other structures.
Analysis:
Chapter 8 of the ACI addresses provisions for the analysis
and design of concrete members.
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Prismatic
1.2n n members
Two or more spans
Positive
1/14 1/16 1/11 Moment
x wun2
Spandrel
support 1/24 1/10* 1/11 1/11 1/10* 0 Negative
Moment
Column *1/9 (2 spans) wun2
support
1/16 x
* 1/11(on both faces of other interior supports)
* 1/12 (for all spans with ln < 10 ft)
Note: For simply supported slab, M = wul2/8, where l = span length (ACI 2.2).
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Design:
Capacity Demand
Design:
Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement (ACI 24.4.1):
Reinforcement is placed perpendicular to main steel to
control shrinkage and temperature cracking.
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Design:
Maximum Spacing Requirement:
Main Reinforcement
Least of 3h or 18” (ACI 7.7.2.3)
Shrinkage Reinforcement
Least of 5h or 18” (ACI 7.7.6.2.1)
Design slab and beams of a 90′ × 60′ Hall. The height of Hall is
20′. Concrete compressive strength (fc′) = 3 ksi and steel yield
strength (fy) = 40 ksi. Take 3″ mud layer and 2″ tile layer above
slab. Take LL equal to 40 psf.
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Structural Configurations
Assume structural configuration. Take time to reach to a
reasonable arrangement of beams, girders and columns. It
depends on experience. Several alternatives are possible.
Structural Configurations
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B B
Section A-A
A
10′ 10′
Section B-B
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design – II 27
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Assume beam width = 18′′, clear lengths area shown in the figure:
M = coefficient × wu × ln2
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Slab Design
Beam Depth vs. Slab Deflection:
Slab moment variation with change in beam depth
-0.4
-0.6
0.58 kip-in/in
M o m en t (kip -in /in )
-0.8
-1
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
Beam Depth (Inches)
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Slab Design
Step No 04: Design
Calculate moment capacity provided by minimum reinforcement in slab:
This will work for both positive and negative steel as Asmin governs.
Slab Design
Step No 04: Design
Main Reinforcement:
3hf = 3 × 6 =18″
18″
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Slab Design
Step No 04: Design
Shrinkage steel or temperature steel (Ast):
Slab Design
Placement of positive reinforcement:
Positive reinforcing bars are placed in the direction of flexure stresses
and placed at the bottom(at the required clear cover) to maximize the
“d”, effective depth.
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Slab Design
Reinforcement at discontinuous support:
At the discontinuous end, the ACI code recommends to provide
reinforcement equal to 1/3 times the positive reinforcement provided at
the mid span. As this reinforcement generally renders large spacing, it
is a common field practice to provide #3 at 18” c/c.
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Beam Design
Step No 01: Sizes
Minimum thickness of beam (simply supported) = hmin = l/16
l = clear span (ln) + depth of member (beam) ≤ c/c distance between supports
Let depth of beam = 5′
ln + depth of beam = 60′ + 5′ = 65′
c/c distance between beam supports = 60 + 2 × (9/12) = 61.5′
Therefore l = 61.5′
Depth (h) = (61.5/16)×(0.4+fy/100000)×12= 36.9″ (Minimum by ACI 9.3.1.1).
Take h = 5′ = 60″
d = h – 3 = 57″
bw = 18″ (assumed)
Beam Design
Step No 02: Loads
Load on beam will be equal to
A
Factored load on beam from slab + A
factored self weight of beam web
54 ′′
Factored Self load of beam web =
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Beam Design
Step No 03: Analysis
Vu = 84.71 kip
Mu = 19034 in-kip
30.75′
Beam Design
Step No 04: Design
Design for flexure
Step (a): According to ACI 8.12, beff for T-beam is minimum of:
16hf + bw = 16 × 6 + 18 =114″
So beff = 114″
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Beam Design
Step No 04: Design
Design for flexure
Re-calculate “a”:
After trials As = 9.38 in2 {Asmax = 20.83 in2 ;Asmin = 5.13 in2}
Beam Design
Step No 04: Design
Skin Reinforcement : ACI 9.7.2.3
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Beam Design
Step No 04: Design
Skin
Reinforcement
Skin Reinforcement
With this spacing, 3 bars on each face are required. And for # 8 bar, the
total area of skin reinforcement is:
Beam Design
Step No 04: Design
Design for Shear
Vu = 84.71 kip
sd = ΦAvfyd/(Vu – ΦVc)
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Beam Design
Step No 04: Design
Design for Shear
24″
Beam Design
Step No 04: Design
Design for Shear
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Beam Design
Step No 04: Design
Design for Shear
Other checks:
ΦVs = (ΦAvfyd)/sd
Beam Design
Step No 04: Design
Design for Shear
Other checks:
ΦVs = (ΦAvfyd)/sd
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Frame Analysis
3D model of the hall showing beams supported on columns.
Frame Analysis
A 2D fame can be detached from a 3D system in the
following manner:
Wu = 3.355 k/ft
61.5′
20′
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Frame Analysis
Various methods can be used for frame analysis. Using
moment distribution method the following results can be
obtained:
Mu (+ve)
Wu = 3.355 k/ft
61.5′
Mu (-ve)
20′
Analysis
Results
Mu (+ve) = 17627 in-kips
Mu (-ve) = 1407 in-kips
Column size = 18 × 18
Slab Design
Slab design will remain the same as in case of beams supported on
walls.
Main reinforcement = #3 @ 9″ c/c (positive & negative)
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Beam Design
Beam design will be as follows:
Mu (+ve) = 17627 in-kips
Pu = 103.17 k
Mu = 1407 in-k
Pu Mu
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gh
Mu = 1407 in-kips
Column Design
r = 0.01
Using 8 #6 bars
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Column Design
Tie Bars:
Using 3/8″ Φ (#3) tie bars for 3/4″ Φ (#6) main bars (ACI 9.7.6.4.2),
Column Design
Drafting
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Footing Design
Isolated column footing; square or rectangular
Main
Reinforcement
Footing Design
Data Given:
Column size = 18″ × 18″
fc′ =3 ksi
fy = 40 ksi
qa = 2.204 k/ft2
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Footing Design
Sizes:
Assume h = 15 in.
Footing Design
Sizes:
Effective bearing capacity, qe = qa – W
B = 7′
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Footing Design
Loads:
qu (bearing pressure for strength design of footing):
qu = factored load on column / Areq = 103.17 / (7 × 7) = 2.105 ksf
Footing Design
Analysis:
Punching shear:
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Analysis:
Flexural Analysis:
qu qu
Mu = quBk2/2 B B
k = (B – c)/2 = (7 x 12 –18)/2
= 33 in = 2.75´
= 55.72 ft-k
= 668.60 in-kip
Footing Design
Design:
bo
davg
= Φ4 f ′ bodavg
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Footing Design
Design:
Design for Flexure:
Mu = 668.60 kip-in
a = 0.2davg = 0.2 × 11 = 2.2″
As = Mu/ {Φfy(davg – a/2)} = 668.60/ {0.9 × 40 × (11 – 2.2/2)} = 1.87
in2
a = Asfy/ (0.85fc′B) = 1.83 × 40/ (0.85 × 3 × 7 × 12) = 0.35″
After trials, As = 1.71 in2 (Asmin = 0.005Bdavg = 4.62 in2 so Asmin
governs)
Now, the spacing can be calculated as follows:
Next Slide
Footing Design
Main
Reinforcement
Design:
Design for Flexure:
Using #8 bars: No. of bars = 4.62/0.79 ≈ 6 bars.
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Drafting
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Pictures of Column
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Case Studies
In the subsequent slides two case studies are carried out to
investigate the variation of moments in beams, moments and slab
thickness due to change in spacing between the beams.
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10
8
Slab Thickness (in.)
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
120
100
Max. Moment (in-kip)
80
60
40
20
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Spacing Between the Beams (ft)
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Note: Mu (+ve)
20000
Moment at Midspan (in-kip)
15000
10000
5000
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Spacing Between Beams (ft)
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Conclusions
1. Slab thickness increases by increasing the spacing
between the beams.
Appendix C
MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS
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Appendix C
MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS
Go to slide no 14
References
ACI 318
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The End
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