International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2019

SHORT ANSWER PROBLEMS

1. What is the perimeter, in cm, of the figure below, given that all the angles are right
angles?

8 cm

2 cm

5 cm

2. A merchant sold 80% of all his flower vases at a profit of 30%. Then, upon
checking, he saw that 17 of his vases were broken and could not be sold. He sold all
the remaining vases at a loss of 10%. In the end, the merchant made a total profit of
5%. What was the number of vases that he had at the beginning?

3. In a competition, there were five competitors: Ali, Benny, Chin, Din and Eddy.
Before the competition began, four spectators had made the following predictions:
Spectator 1: “Benny will get the 4th place and Eddy will get the 2nd place.”
Spectator 2: “Din will get the 1st place and Chin will get the 3rd place.”
Spectator 3: “Eddy will get the 3rd place and Ali will get the 4th place.”
Spectator 4: “Ali will get the 3rd place and Benny will get the 1st place.”
It turned out that each spectator had one prediction correct and one prediction
incorrect. Who got the 3rd place in the competition?

4. The word IMSOHANOI is repeated 2019 times:

IMSOHANOIIMSOHANOIIMSOHANOI…
Then, the letters are coloured, starting from the left, each letter in one colour, in a
repeating pattern: red, blue, yellow, green, red, blue, yellow, green, ...
What is the colour of the 2019th “I” (counting from the left)?

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5. Ms. Liên combines ten rectangular cards of size 2 cm  3 cm to make a larger
rectangle. 3 cm

2 cm

If the width of the overlapping part between any two adjacent cards is 0.3 cm (see
the figure below), what is the area, in cm2, of the largest rectangle that she can
make?
0.3 cm

0.3 cm

6. A rectangle is divided into some small squares, as shown in the figure below. Given
that the side length of the smallest square is 1 cm, what is the perimeter, in cm, of
the rectangle?

7. In one afternoon, a ferry travelled from Island A to Island B and another ferry
travelled from Island B to Island A at a different speed. They started at the same
time and met for the first time at 3:50 pm. The two ferries continued to their
destinations, stopped for 15 minutes before returning. They met again at 4:41 pm.
If the two ferries travelled at uniform speeds throughout the whole journey, then at
what time did they start their journey?
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8. There are 120 scouts standing in a circle, equally spaced, around a campfire. They
start calling out 1, 2, 3, ... in the clockwise direction, and Keith calls out 55. If the
calling starts with the same person but continues in the anticlockwise direction
instead, what number will the scout opposite to Keith call out?
9. Mrs. Santos went to the market to buy apples. She bought 100 apples and put them
in 6 bags. The number of apples in each bag contained at least a digit 6. What are
the numbers of apples in each bag?
10. Alex and Betty are facing each other. Between them, written on the ground, is a
sequence of digits and plus signs, as shown in the figure below. From their points
of view, Alex and Betty see two different expressions. Two digits can be filled in
the two squares so that their expressions have the same value. What is that value?

Alex Betty

11. Ten circular cards of radius 2 cm each are arranged as shown in the figure.

O P
L N
M

H I J K
B D F
A C E G

Given that the four collinear points A, C, E, G are the centres of the white cards,
and AHIC, CIJE, EJKG, COPE are rectangles and BLMD, DMNF are squares,
what is the area, in cm2, of the shaded region?
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12. In each step, the chess piece in the board shown in the figure can move 1 square in
one of the three directions: right, down, or right-down. In how many ways can it
move from the top-left corner to the bottom-right corner in exactly 6 steps?

13. In the figure below, there are 3 squares whose side lengths are 1 cm, 2 cm and 4 cm,
respectively. What is the area, in cm2, of the triangle MNP ?
P

4 cm
N
M 2 cm
1 cm

14. The entrance tickets of a music show were numbered consecutively, starting from 1.
It is known that one ticket number was sold twice by mistake and all the other
ticket numbers were sold exactly once. The sum of all the ticket numbers sold is
1316. What is the ticket number that was sold twice?
15. An IMSO robot stands on the middle cell of a 119 board, as shown in the figure
below. It is programmed to make 5 moves. The directions of the moves alternate
between left and right (the first move can be in either direction). For each move, the
robot will move 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 cells from its position; the robot should not move out
of the board; moreover each number can be used exactly once. How many cells are
there on this board on which the robot cannot end up after 5 moves?

16. What is the sum of the last two digits of the product of all the odd numbers from 1
to 2019?

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17. Each of the 10 letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J in the addition below represents
a different digit.
A B
C D
E F
+ G
H I J

What is the largest possible value of the three-digit number HIJ ?

18. Jenny has a machine which can do one of the following two actions at each step:
squaring the current number, or multiplying the current number by 2. Starting with
the number 1, after at least how many steps can Jenny obtain 22019 ?
19. Given fifty consecutive odd numbers: 1921, 1923, 1925, … , 2015, 2017, 2019.
What is the least number of terms that one must select from those numbers to make
sure that at least one pair of selected numbers adds up to 3930?
20. Each letter in the subtraction HANOI − IMSO represents one digit, different
letters represent different digits, and H and I are non-zero. How many possible
values of IMSO are there such that the result of the subtraction is a three-digit
number?
21. In the figure below, ABCD is a square, the point E is on BD such that EAD = 15 .
BD − AE
What is the value of ?
DE
A B

15

E
D C

22. Ms. Hà has a list of numbers in ascending order such that the difference between
any two adjacent numbers is the same. If she removes the 25 greatest numbers and
the 11 smallest numbers from the list, the average of the numbers in the list
decreases by 2019. What is the difference between any two adjacent numbers of
the original list?

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23. How many three-digit numbers xyz are there such that x, y and z are all non-zero
digits and xy  yz  zx ?

24. During a week, five university students A, B, C, D and E attended lectures from
Monday to Friday. Given that:
● For each day from Monday to Friday, exactly three of them attended lectures
while the other two were absent.
● No students were absent for 2 consecutive days, and no students attended
lectures for 3 consecutive days.
● E was absent for 2 more days than B; there was only one day when A and C
both attended lectures; C attended lecture on Monday.
Who were the 3 students that attended lectures on Friday?
25. Using the digits 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 to form three-digit numbers (each digit can be used
more than once), how many of them are multiples of 3?

END OF SHORT ANSWER PROBLEMS

Page 6 of 6
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

1. Five points A, B, C, D and E are given in the plane such that AB = 90 cm,
BC = 45 cm, CD = 252 cm, DE = 81 cm and EA = 36 cm. What is the length,
in cm, of CE ?

Answer： cm
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

2. In 2019, Peter's age is four more than the sum of the digits of his birth year.
What is the possible age of Peter (in 2019)?

Answer： years old

 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

3. There are 23 students in a room. Their ages are either 10, 11, 12 or 13 years old, and
there is at least one student of each age. It is known that their total age is 253, and
there are 1.5 times as many 12-year-old students as 13-year-old students.
How many 10-year-old students are there?

Answer： students
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

4. Mr. Nam has 10 cuboid prisms: one of size 2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm, three of size
1 cm × 1 cm × 2 cm, and six of size 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm. He wants to make a larger
cuboid prism by using some of them. What is the biggest possible surface area,
in cm2, of the new cuboid prism?

Answer： cm2
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

5. Consider the arrangements of n identical circles, without overlapping, such that

there are at least two rows of circles. Each circle should touch the next one in the
same row and each circle except those on the bottom row should touch two circles
on the row below it. For example, there are 7 possible arrangements for n = 6 as
shown in the figure below.

Draw all the possible arrangements for n = 8 .

Answer：
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

6. Each small square in a 6  6 table is filled with one of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and
6, so that any row or column has six different numbers. The numbers in some
squares are filled as below. How many different completed tables are there?

1 6 5
5 3 6
1 2 3
3 5 6 2
6 4
2 1

Answer： tables
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

7. Find all positive integers n such that n! + 2019 is a perfect square (where n !
denotes the product of all integers from 1 to n).

Answer：
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

8. In the figure below, ABCD is a trapezium and E is the midpoint of DC The areas
of the triangles ABG, ABF and AGE are 15 cm2, 45 cm2 and 60 cm2, respectively.
What is the area, in cm2, of the trapezium ABCD ?
A D

E
F
G
B C

Answer： cm2
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

9. Mr. Nobi used a square grid paper ABCD, as shown in the figure, to fold an
envelope.
A O M Q N P B

I K
F H
E R G

D C
Then, he folded it as follows:
1) Fold D to F;
2) Fold E to I and G to K;
3) Fold A to M and B to N;
4) Fold O to L and P to L;
5) Fold Q to R.
Given that AB = 12 cm, what is the area, in cm2, of the envelope he obtained?
Draw the envelope he obtained.

A O M Q N P B

I K
F H
E R G
Answer： D C cm2
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

10. What is the maximum number of digits that can be removed from the 1000-digit
number 20192019...2019 so that the sum of the remaining digits is 2019? What is
the biggest resulting number?

Remove digits,
Answer： the biggest number is
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

11. A football tournament has 8 participating teams, each team playing against each
other once. A win is worth 3 points, a draw 1 point, and a loss 0 points. After each
team has played exactly 5 matches, all 8 teams have different numbers of points.
Given that there are 6 draws among the matches played, and that the current third
team has 10 points. What is the greatest possible number of points of the current
sixth team?

Answer： points
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

12. There are four squares labelled as I, M, S and O, as shown in the figure. Each vertex
of these squares is painted in one of the three colours: blue, red, yellow. A colouring
is called “even” if in each of the four squares, the 4 vertices are painted in exactly
two colours so that 2 vertices are of the same colour and the remaining 2 vertices
are of the other colour. How many different even colourings are there?

M O

Answer： even colourings

 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

13. Laila, Mary and Nelly took turns to pick beads from a box according to the
following increasing pattern: Laila picked 1 bead, Mary picked 2 beads, Nelly
picked 3 beads, then Laila picked 4 beads, Mary picked 5 beads, Nelly picked 6
beads, and again, Laila picked 7 beads, and so on.
When the number of remaining beads was smaller than the number of beads
required for the next turn, all those beads would go to the girl who was in the
turn before. In the end, Laila got a total of 2019 beads. How many beads were
there in the box at the beginning?

Answer： beads
 International Mathematics and Science Olympiad 2019

EXPLORATION PROBLEMS
(1) Two six-digit numbers 123459 and 193452 are multiples of 7. Use the digits 1,
2, 3, 4, 5 and 9 each exactly once to form ten more different six-digit numbers
that are also multiples of 7.
(2) Connect two unit squares side by side to form 2 1 tiles, and draw pictures in
each square as shown below. We get a set of 21 different tiles with pictures.

These 21 tiles are placed in a 6  7 grid, as shown in the figure below.

Each tile is used exactly once, it can be rotated and placed in the grid either
horizontally or vertically. The borders of the tiles are then erased and one can
only see the grid with the pictures. Find the locations of the 21 tiles shown
above in the grid below, by drawing the border of each tile.
(3) Given the figure below. Find as many ways as possible to put 7 more gears into
the triangular board so that we can move the gears B and C simultaneously by
moving the gear A. (Gears can be mounted only on the given points and a gear
can move another gear only if the two gears are mounted around adjacent dots.)

For example, we can put 7 more gray gears as in the following picture to be
able to move the gears B and C simultaneously by moving the gear A.
(4) In how many ways can two identical checkers be placed on the 3  3 grid
shown in the figure below, so that each checker is placed in only one cell, and
each cell has at most one checker? Draw all the possible ways on the answer
sheet. (Note: If one can obtain one arrangement from another by rotation, then
these two arrangements will be consider as only one arrangement.)

(5) Four digits, each is 0 or 1, are written on each of the following 16 cards. Place
them in a circle, so that any two adjacent cards differ in exactly one place. For
example, 0101 and 0111 differ in exactly one place, 0101 and 0110 differ in
two places. It is not allowed to flip or rotate cards.
↑ 0 0 0 0 ↑ 0 1 0 0 ↑ 1 0 0 0 ↑ 1 1 0 0

↑ 0 0 0 1 ↑ 0 1 0 1 ↑ 1 0 0 1 ↑ 1 1 0 1

↑ 0 0 1 0 ↑ 0 1 1 0 ↑ 1 0 1 0 ↑ 1 1 1 0

↑ 0 0 1 1 ↑ 0 1 1 1 ↑ 1 0 1 1 ↑ 1 1 1 1
(6) When drawing, engineers use projections to represent 3D objects. For example,
the L-shape is represented by three views, which are projections from the front,
from the side and from the top.

Top view: , side view: , front view:

An object has the following top view and front view:

Top view: and front view:

Moreover, it is known that the object is composed of 13 unit cubes. These

cubes are connected as one piece via face to face adjacencies. Two cubes are
face to face adjacent if they have a common face.
For example, the following shape satisfies all previous conditions.

Draw all possible side views of this object on your answer sheet.
 2019 IMSO Answers
SHORT ANSWER
1. 30 2. 90 3. Chin 4. blue 5. 54.6

60, 16,
6. 48 7. 3:32 8. 7 9. 10. 421
6, 6, 6, 6

11. 48 12. 90 13. 2 14. 41 15. 9

16. 12 17. 243 18. 18 19. 29 20. 168

2019
21. 2 22. 23. 120 24. A, B and D 25. 41
7

ESSAY PROBLEMS
1. 171 2. 8, 26 3. 7 4. 50

5.

A O M Q N P B
6. 8 7. 3 8. 150
L
774 digits can be omitted and the biggest 40,
X Y
10. number is 999...999 21 9. F
I K
H
224 terms R
E G
W Z
D C
11. 5 12. 1296 13. 5764
EXPLORATION PROBLEMS
123459 152943 219345 291354 342951 413259 452193 523194 592431 924315
124593 154329 219534 291543 345219 413952 452319 524139 593124 925134
125349 154392 231945 294315 345912 421953 459123 524391 594132 931245
132594 159243 234591 295134 349125 423591 459312 529431 594321 934521
134295 159432 235914 312459 349251 429135 491253 534219 912345 935214
134925 193452 241395 315294 352149 429513 492135 534912 912534 941325
1. 135429 194523 243159 315924 354291 431529 492513 542913 913542 943152
135492 195342 243915 319452 354921 431592 493521 543291 914235 943215
139524 213549 245931 321594 359142 432159 513429 543921 915243 945231
142359 214935 251349 325941 391524 432915 513492 549213 915432 951342
149352 215439 253491 329154 392154 439152 521493 591234 921354 952413
152439 215943 259413 342195 395241 439215 521934 591423 921543 953421

2.
3.

4.
 0000
1000 0001

1001 0011

1011 0010

5. 1010 0110

1110 0111

1111 0101

1101 0100
1100

6.

Note that the 3D shape for each side view is not unique.