BRITISH STANDARD BS 194 Specification for Woodworking chisels and gouges ae NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW EiBthaltt? “WH EG) ee1989 Committees responsible for this British Standard ‘The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Machine, Engineers and Hand ‘Tools Standards Committee (MTE/-) to Technical Committee MTB/15, upon which the following hodies were represented British Coal Corporation British ‘Telecommunications ple Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of Trade and Industry [Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Technology Division (Mmt)} Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment and Materials Users’ Association Federation of British Engineers’ ‘Tool Manufacturers Federation of British Hand Tool Manufacturers Handle Manufacturers’ Association Institute of Carpenters Institution of Production Engineers Ministry of Defenee ‘The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Association for Consumer Research (ACRE) British Institute of Certified Carpenters ‘This British Standard, having toon prepared under te Aivection of the Machine, Engineers and Hand Tools ‘Standards Committee, was published under the athority of tive Beard of BSL and comes int effect on 31 March 1989 © BSI 11.1999 ‘The following HSI references relate tothe worl on this Standard Comittee reference MTE/S Draft fr comment 87175812 DC ISBN 0 680170128BS 1943:1989 ee Contents Committees responsible Foreword ii 1 Scope cor 1 2 Nomenclature 1 3 Dimensions L 4 Blade 8 Handle 8 Performance 5 Markin, 9 lade testing methods 10 sting method 10 Appendix A. Appendix B Handle Figure | — Nomenclature for chisels and gouges 1 Figure 2— Chisels with tang 2 Figure 3 — Firmer gouges 1 Figure 4 — Bevel edge paring chisels 5 Figure 5 — Sash mortice chisels 6 Figure 6 — Heavy duty mortiee chisels i Figure 7— Bending test 10 ‘Table 1 — Principal ser ier ebisole a eke ‘Table 2 — Secondary series of firmer chi: 3 ‘Table 8 — Butt and stubby chisels 3 ‘Table A — Principal series of firmer gouges 4 ‘Table 5 — Secondary series of firmer gouges 5 ‘Table 6 — Bevel edge paring chisels 6 ‘Table 7 — Sash mortice ehisels 7 ‘Table 8 — Heavy duty mortice chisels 7 ‘Table 9 — Analysis of tool steel 8 ‘Table 10 — Minimum depth for handle testing 10 Publications referred to Inside back cover BSI 11-1999 iBS 1943:1989 ee Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Machine Engineer’s and Hand Tools Standards Committee. This revision of BS 1943 is based on ISO 2729 “Woodworking tools — Chisels and gouges’. It has, however, een extended to inchude butt chisels, stubby chisels, bevel edge paring chisels, sash mortice chisels, and heavy duty mortice chisels. Test requirements have deen clarified A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a ‘contract, Users of British Standards are responsible for their correet application, Compliance with a British Standard docs not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages ‘This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 10, an inside back eover and a back cover. ‘Dhis standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front eover, cabin sat mann © BST 11 1998BS 1943:1989 ss 1 Scope ‘This British Standard specifies requirements for chisels and gouges for wootworking NOTE The ttlos af the publications roferred to in this standaed are isted on the inside back cover. 2 Nomenclature For the purposes of this British Standard the nomenclature given in Figure | applies. 3 Dimensions NOE ‘The tang dimension specified isa minimum aeross Mats, or minimum diameter if circular. 3.1 Firmer chisels ‘The dimensions for bevelled and plain firmer chisels with tang, shall be as given in Figure 2 and Table 1 and Table 2 section A GEESE = Typical gouge DOOD theres Section 8-8 heats Number Term 1 sinae 2 Cuting eae a Face a Back 5 Cénne! . Duncans 8 Bevel 8 Shoulder 1% Balter 2 Tae 13 Feinforsing ving (hoop oF ferrule Figure 1 — Nomenelature for chisels and gouges ial caves sien nia) 11-1899.BS 1943:1989 Figure 2— Chisels with tang ‘Table 1 — Principal series of firmer chisels (see Figure 2) a b © d . # 8 us” | 80 1 oo 5 1 to | 80 i loz 0 é io | 90 i ozo 40 8 us — | 90 02s ss.60 fro 0 023 7300 D 1 %0 3 fos oa40 u 165 5 fos fiz 6 133 2s faz 1220 3 vo | 96280 6 faz 480 20 130 fro fa.so 6 loa |167.00 25 vas fico ats 7 loan 225.00 m2 iss ato sas ho 300.00 40 160 azo [a 6 [oso 310.00 Tn the ease ofa tapered tang the dimension Fis the average over the Tenge conser cme nen © BSI 1-199BS 1943:1989 ‘Table 2 — Secondary series of firmer chisels ce Figure 2) art Nominal dimension Flames deviation | Bending load a > : 7 = Fe Pp Sm am = mm mm mm | ON 2 15 90. 32, 0.20 13.20 5 120 90. 32, 0.20 36.80 18 130 90. 82, 0.25 115.00 135 90. 2.65 6 0.28 128.00 140 100 2.80 6 0.28 155,00 140 100 8.00 7 0.30 198.00 28 150 100 0 265.00 30 150 110 0.35 295,00 35, 160 110 0.40 370.00 38. 160 120 32 0.40 440,00 "Ta the ease ofa tapered tang die Timension [ie Ihe average over U = 8.2 Butt and stubby chisels ‘The dimensions for butt and stubby ebisels with tang, bevelled and plain shall be as given in Table 3, 3.3 Firmer gouges ‘The dimensions for firmer gouges, incannel and outcannel edges shall be as given in Figure 9 and Table 4 and Table 5. ‘Table 3 — Butt and stubby ehisels (see Figure 2) ‘Nominal dimension Flatnoss deviation | Bending oad | a > < @ P 6 90 |oo 2.35 [32 4 0.20 36.8 wo 9 |6o 235 |s2 5 0.23 99.4 12 93 |so 2.35 5 02 no 18 ino 60 5 0.25 128.0 18 103 feo 6 0.28 187.0 19 ino foo 6 028 207.0 | 25 105 60 315 32, 7 0.30 310.0 | 32 105 [60 sas |32 7 0.35 0 38 100 60 a5 [32 5 0.40 6170 EIA TSu so aN Tana He Uipennion is a arorogo ove a WngTA ant ein caren Sighs 11-1989BS 1943:1989 —$ (ol Outeanne! Section C6 Figure 3— inmer gouges ‘Table 4— Principal series of firmer gouges (see Figure 8) ‘Nominal dimension Tending load Ihr oe * | a a fe R P om ae me mm cos ‘min N 6 15 2.00 32. 5 £0.60 | 45.40 8 120 2.00 32. 6 59,60 10 120 2.00 32 6 79.00 w 125 95 2.00 32. 5 93.40 1B 1a0 95 2.25 32 6 13.00 18 180 95 2.50 32 6 144.80 20 130 95 2.50 6 167.00 25 140 100 2.80 2 7 16 £0.90 | 228.00 "Ja the case ofa tapered Tang the Uiansien [is the average over the length © BSL 111999BS 1943:1989 Table 5— econdary series of firmer gouges (sve Figure 2) Nomin: sl dimenaion Beading mad Ai 7 a F i : 3 110 240 \a2 4 £04 22.75 us 135 a2 fa 5 ators [11500 6 130 225 32 6 g£o75 |192.00 19 130 05 nso | 2 6 110.90 {155.00 22 140 100 so sa 7 1440.50. |193.00 i 150 no [2x0 |e 1 1840.90 |295.00 150 no [280 fa 7 190.90, [a0.00 STSSeas pared fe the Hamat [a wore tn 3c Bevel edge paring chisels “The dimensions for bevel edge paring chisels shall be as given in Figure 4 and ‘Table 6 NOTE. Thaw chine are wel sje to bende = aS | Secian ot = oo i ee as ‘ ie \ 30" to 35% hone 1 B+ gine ! ines menon ie plies Figure 4 — Revel edge paring chisels coven soar fe 1989BS 1943:1989 Table 6 — Bevel edge ps ng chisels (cee Figure 4) ‘Nominal dimension latnoss deviation mere ane € 7 = P a 8.20 1 4 5 5 4 5 5 6 5 6 6 6 7 4 6 a 10 6 5 [Fin the ease of tapered tang the dimension fis the average over the length 3.5 Sash mortice chisels ‘The dimensions for sash mor ce chisels shall be as given in Figure § and Table 7. at vA | st Seeten a Figure 5 — Sash mortice chisel cece caneet wanton BSI 111999)BS 1943:1989 ‘Table 7 — Sash mortice chisels (see Figure 5) Nominal dimension Flatneas deviation | Bending load Saunas anil = am rea rain sin. | min sin, se, max 6 ie 130 5 7 0.20 8 |162 130 5 7 023 7a 10 faz 130 5 7 0.23 9% 12162 130 6 7 025 120 13 |as2 130 6 7 025 120 1s | 162 130 6 7 0.28 13 [162 130 7 7 028 160 P inthe cas of tapered Tang the dimonsion is The average over the eurthe 3.6 Heavy duty mortice chisels. ‘The dimensions for heavy duty mortice chisels shall be as given in Figure 6 and Table §. asians tne lee 4H tt ‘ gure 6— Heavy duty mortice chisels ‘Table §— Heavy duty mortice chisels (see Figure 6) omninal dimonrion Plaines Pee ea Meus Ea |e ee see sco es 6 {5 | ss 10 [1s (30 |12" 3 |1s2 Jo |73_ fag 46 148 |o.20 1 |s fais vo fu fa0 fia fa res Jo a0 J36* 46% 143 [02a wf fe a ws far fas fio fa faze Jo so J40 «50% 150 |o.25 we fis fa we far jas fax a [190 J9 Jos fa40 x 50150 Jo.28 2 fis [rs [4 16 1 _|r97 |9_ [98 [40 « 50150 [0.30 expr tah Somer vctten E V1-1999 a ee ee mers aeBS 1943:1989 4 Blade 4.1 Material The blades of chisels and gouges shall be manufactured from steel which, taking into account the stated hardness, gives a cutting edge quality the same as, or higher than, that of tool steel with an analysis as given in Table 9. ‘Table 9— Analysis of tool steel Limit © [Ma P 5 min. 1.05 O16 0.25 - = max. 1.25 0.25 0.40 0.035 0.035 ‘The blades of ehisels and gouges shall be hardened and tempered from the eutting edge for a minimum distance equal to two-thirds of the blade length, to the shoulders. After tempering the hardness shall he within the range HRC 58 to 62. 4.2 Cutting edge ‘The cutting edge shall he ground sharp apd ready for final honing. The edge shall be at 90° to the centreline of the blade 4,3 Bolster neck and tang ‘The bolster neck and tang shall be concentric with the centreline of the blade. The bolster shalll have such a form and size that it gives firm support to the handle. All sharp edges shall be removed. \aeturer's discretion, ie maybe proaoed t fit plastics handles. NOTE 1 The design ofthe tang is at the m: NOTE2 Around parallel tag with wig 4.4 Finish The face, back and sides of the blade shall be finely ground or have an equivalent finish, After finishing, a protection shall be applied to prevent rusting. Any protective finish shall comply with the appropriate British Standard 5 Handle 1 Shape The handle shall be designed to give a good grip. It shall not have sharp corners or irregularities which might be hazardous during use. The dimensions of the handle shall be in propartion to those of the blade in order that the tool is well balanced. Materials Wood handles sball be manufactured from beech or other suitable hard wood and shall be fitted with a reinforcing ring or ferrule. The wood shall be straight grained and free from deleterious defects ‘Whe moisture content of the timber from which the handles are manufactured shall be not less than 10 % nor more than 15 %, when determined in necordance with the method described in BS 373. NOTE. Where itis intended that handles be manufactured from plastics material a suitable materi shoul be agreed between the Iurchaser and the supplier 6 Performance 6.1 General When tested as described in Appendix A, chisel and gouge blades shall show no signs of fracture or flaw. 6.2 Platness When checked with feeler gauges as described in A.2, the maximum flatness deviation of the chisel or gouge blade shall not be greater than the values given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 6, Table 7 and Table 8. Se a © BS111-1999BS 1943:1989 6.8 Bending When tested as described in A.8, the maximum permanent deflection of the chisel or gouge blade be T mm at point Aand 3 mm at point B, After testing the blade shall have sustained no damage, distortion pr fracture and the handJe shall remain securely fixed to the blade. 6.4 Handles When tested as described in Appendix B, the chisol or gouge handle shall not split or break and any fitted yeinforeing rings shall vemain in place. NOTE. Mushroom-shsped deformation ofthe top part of the handle afer testing is permitted 6.5 Performance after honing [After honing the cutting edge ofthe tool shall be eapable of being worked on seasoned oak without any signs of damage ta the cutting edge of the tool 7 Marking Each chisel and gouge shall be plainly and indelibly marked with the following: 1) the number of this British Standard, i.e. BS 1943); ) the manufacturer's name or trade mark Marking BS 1945 on or in relation tea product represents 4 manufacturee's dcelaration of conformity, je. a claim by oF on Lelilf of the manufacturer tha the product moots the requieements ef the staxdard. The accuracy ofthe elas: i therefore solely the esponsbility ofthe person aking the clan, Such a declaration i not tebe confused with third party ceriicavon of fonfermity which may als be desirable, 1.1990 9BS 1943:1989 Appendix A Blade testing methods A. Soundness Place a block of lead on # bench or table. Holding the tool by the tang or neck, between the thumb and fingers, bring the tool down quickly using the force of wrist and elbow ta strike the flat of the blade a sharp blow against the top face of the lead block. Repeat this manually applied blow s A2 Flatness, Place the face of the chisel blade on a surf eauges A3 Bending Place the chisel in a fixture as shown in Figure 7. Measure the distance between a point A at the highest part of the belster and a point B 75 mm from the front end of the handle. Apply a load P to point B and Ineasure the deflection usinga dial indicator or other suitable measuring instrument. The values of the load P (in N) given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 and Table 7 are calculated from the equation: M cL ‘x times consecutively plate and check the maximum flatness deviation using feeler P where Mis the bonding moment Gn N mm); Tis the dimension shown in Figure 7 (in mm). NOTE This testis not applicable to bel edge paring chisel Appendix B Handle testing method Drivea gouge or chisel with a honed cutting edge into well seasoned oak, across the grain of the wood, using divect blows from a mallet to a minimum depth as given in Table 10, NOTE I way be found necossaey to destroy tho block to reunove th ‘Table 10 — Minimum depth for handle testing Toal length Minimum dpe up to 12 1210 16 16 t0 20 6 20 to 25 16 125 to 40 12 see | _ Figure 7— Bending test cpaish nese SI LageBS 1943:1989 BSI 989 Chiswick High Road London Wa4AL SI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national hody responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Burope and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British British ditions. andards are updated by amendment or revision. 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Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be: reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any meuns— electronic, photocopying, recording or ather wise —without prior written permission from BSI ‘This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, ofnecessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these details ave to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must he obtained If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing agreement. Details and advice ean be obtained from the Copyright Manager. ‘Tel: 020 8996 7070.BS 1943:1989 Publications referred to BS 878, Methods of testing small clear specimens of timber. BS 891, Method for Rockwell hardness test. BS 891-1, Testing of metals,