STORYTELLING, STORYBOARDING, AND VIDEO PRODUCTION
ICT 4
STE 10 | THIRD QUARTER 2022
STORYTELLING
● Storytelling is the interactive art of
using words and actions to reveal
the elements and images of a story
while encouraging the listener’s
imagination.
VIDEO PRODUCTION
● The process of creating video by
capturing moving images, and
creating combinations and
reductions of parts of this video in
live production and
post-production.
ELEMENT OF STORYTELLING
PLOT
● Every story needs a beginning,
middle, and end. Skillful stories
typically have a straightforward
plot, and yet also manage to
surprise the reader with plot twists
that create interest.
● Five main elements
○ exposition
■ Introduces the
character and
setting
○ Rising action
■ Something changes
■ Meet a challenge or
crisis
○ Climax
■ The turning point
○ Falling action
■ Result of the climax
○ Resolution or Denouement
■ The end
■ Conflict is resolved
CHARACTERS
● Complex and relatable characters
are important to a good story. The
writer can create these types of
characters by understanding
character types and character
traits
Character types
● Protagonist
○ The main character whose
journey we follow
throughout the story
● Antagonist
○ Sometimes known as the
foil, the character whose
goals come up against the
protagonist's, leading to
conflict
● Dynamic Character
○ A character who changes
as a result of the events in
the story
● Static Character
○ A character who does not
change during the course
of a story
SETTINGS
● Where and when a story occurs
can affect what characters do, how
the plot unfolds, and whether the
reader can connect with the
author's choices
● Backdrop Setting
○ The time period and
physical place don't affect
the plot in a major way.
● Integral Settings
○ An integral setting is a time
and/or place that directly
affects the plot.
Alternatively, the story
depends on that setting as
an integral element.
CONFLICT
● Conflict is the driving force of a
good story. No conflict, no story.
PREPARED BY: G. PACHECO (2022)
STORYTELLING, STORYBOARDING, AND VIDEO PRODUCTION
ICT 4
STE 10 | THIRD QUARTER 2022
THEME
● The theme is the story's "big idea"
or underlying message about life.
It can be one word that embodies
what a story is trying to say or it
can be a longer phrase.
PRE-PRODUCTION PROCESS
Script Breakdown
● After a project is greenlit, the
shooting script should be finalised.
Budget
● Once the logistical elements of the
film prepared for have been
identified, the cost of the film must
also be figured out.
● Every aspect of filmmaking
requires a concrete budget before
you begin film production.
Schedule
● Production schedule (or shooting
schedule) will help figure out which
scenes you shoot when, where you
shoot them, and how many you
shoot per day
● Time is a valuable resource,
especially if you have to deal with
elements like daylight or weather.
Crew
● A brilliant idea for a film or TV
show is nothing if not executed
correctly and brought to life by the
production crew. The choice of
lighting, sounds, wardrobes, hair
and make-up and camera usage is
left up to them to make the
production realistic and engross
the audience.
Talent
● The casting director auditions
talent for all the roles according to
the script breakdown and director’s
notes.
Planning
● Each department works with the
line producer to break down what
they need to properly execute the
director's vision.
● A shot list is a detailed list of every
camera shot that needs to be
captured in a scene of a video
production.
REHEARSAL
● At the end of the preproduction
phase and before a film shoot
begins, a rehearsal with the cast is
needed to figure out the emotional
and physical logistics of each
scene.
CALL SHEET
● is a daily filming schedule created
by the assistant director on a show
or movie.
BASIC FUNCTIONS OF A VIDEO CAMERA
Zoom
● This is the function which moves
your point of view closer to, or
further away from the subject. The
effect is similar to moving the
camera closer or further away.
Focus
● Professional cameras usually have
a manual focus ring at the front of
the lens housing. Turn the ring
clockwise for closer focus,
PREPARED BY: G. PACHECO (2022)
STORYTELLING, STORYBOARDING, AND VIDEO PRODUCTION
ICT 4
STE 10 | THIRD QUARTER 2022
anti-clockwise for more distant
focus. Consumer cameras have
different types of focus
mechanisms — usually a small
dial.
● To obtain the best focus, zoom in
as close as you can on the subject
you wish to focus on, adjust the
ring until the focus is sharp, then
zoom out to the required framing.
Iris
● This is an adjustable opening
(aperture), which controls the
amount of light coming through
the lens (i.e. the "exposure"). As
you open the iris, more light comes
in and the picture appears brighter.
White Balance
● White balance means colour
balance. It's a function which tells
the camera what each colour
should look like, by giving it a "true
white" reference. If the camera
knows what white looks like, then it
will know what all other colours
look like.
Storyboarding
● the practice of producing sketches
for a script/concept
● It is an essential part of the
preproduction process.
Storyboard
● a sequence of hand-drawn
sketches or visual images that are
supported by script notes or
dialogue and placed in a sequence,
for the viewer to visualise an
animation before production.
● Each individual shot in a
storyboard represents a type of
camera shot, angle, action, or
special effect, to effectively tell a
story
Film aspect ratios
● Storyboards showcase a series of
images, of what the audience will
see on screen
● These are shown in formats called
a Storyboard Panel or Storyboard
Frame
● The most common are 4:3 and
16:9
Camera Angle
● refers to where the camera is
shooting from. When
storyboarding, always imagine
yourself holding the camera, and
ask yourself what's the best way to
portray the action or subject in a
scene.
Point of View (POV)
● are used when you want the viewer
to understand what the character
is seeing. The view can be close,
mid, or long.
Over the Shoulder Shot
● is a view from behind an individual
and towards a subject. It's typically
used between people in
conversation, and the frame has
one person/thing on the side of the
frame.
Two-Shot
● is an angle where two subjects are
both in a single frame together,
and usually speaking. When
drawing dialogue frames, alternate
between two-shots and OTS shots.
Up Shot / Worm's Eye View
● are angles that look up at a
subject/object.
PREPARED BY: G. PACHECO (2022)
STORYTELLING, STORYBOARDING, AND VIDEO PRODUCTION
ICT 4
STE 10 | THIRD QUARTER 2022

Down Shots / Bird's Eye View ○ The camera is zoomed in;

● are angles that look down at a the character or object
subject/object. occupies all of the space
● Extreme Close Up
Camera and Object Motions ○ The shot focuses on the
● When creating a storyboard for face of a character or a
film, it is imperative that the significant detail of an
images reflect the script. Motion is object, excluding
central to these images: the everything else. This
motions of the characters and imparts crucial details or
objects within the scene, as well as emotions
the motion of the camera
observing it

● Pan
● Zoom
● TIlt
● Rotate
● Miscellaneous

Camera Shots

● Establishing shot
○ This is a cell used solely to
convey setting and position
in the story. Establishing
shots commonly opens a
film, or transitions the plot
to a different location.
● Full shot
○ This is a zoomed in version
of the establishing shot,
usually showing an
important character or
object. The setting still
occupies a significant
portion of the cell, but other
content is shown.
● Mid Shot
○ The character or object is
the focal point, with very
little background.
● Close Up

PREPARED BY: G. PACHECO (2022)