Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dextrose 1 Question Sheet
Dextrose 1 Question Sheet
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Read the questions thoroughly
2. Answer all the questions on the answer sheet provided
3. Write neatly and legibly ensuring that your answers are clearly numbered.
4. Any attempt at examination fraud will result in immediate disqualification from the assessment
process.
PAGES: 7 (Including cover)
MARKS 84Marks
TIME: 84 Minutes
NUMBER OF PAGES:
13 including cover page and answer sheets MARKS: Marks
PASS MARK: 50%
1
AEA 01/2014
CLASS TESTLONG and SHORT
Section A
Question 1 [19 marks]
On the answer sheet provided, mark off the most correct answer. NB: There is only one correct
answer per question and negative marking may apply for this section.
1.1 How many milligrams of dextrose are in a 20ml ampoule of 50% Dextrose?
A. 1 000mg
B. 10mg
C. 20 000mg
D. 10 000mg
1.2 Which one of the following statements regarding a normal sinus rhythm is incorrect?
A. The PR interval represents the conduction of an impulse from the atrio-ventricular node to the
sino-atrial node and should not be longer than 0.12 seconds.
B. The T-wave represents the period of ventricular repolarisation.
C. The rate should be no less than 60 per minute and no more than 100 per minute.
D. The QRS complex should be less than 0.12 seconds in duration and this represents ventricular
depolarization.
1.3 What is the difference between stridor and wheezing?
A. Wheezing is usually caused by lower airway constriction and cannot be treated effectively by
Beta Adrenergic agonists whereas stridor responds well to these agents.
B. Wheezing is caused by upper airway constriction and can be heard during anaphylaxis; whereas
stridor cannot.
C. Wheezing and stridor are both caused by constriction of the airway: Wheezing in the lower
airway and stridor in the upper airway.
D. Wheezing and stridor differ only because one is heard during inhalation and the other during
exhalation.
1.4 Hyperthermia occurs when:
2
AEA 01/2014
CLASS TESTLONG and SHORT
1.5 An abdominal injury in which internal organs protrude through the open wound is known
as an:
A. Contusion
B. Amputation
C. Evisceration
D. Avulsion.
1.6 Which statement regarding β2 adrenergic stimulants is false?
A. At a higher repeated dosage the medication may lead to β1 effects on the heart.
B. The duration of action is longer than that of Ipratropuim bromide.
C. The allergy Society of South Africa recommends Salbutamol as the β2 stimulant of choice.
D. Urinary retention is a common adverse effect of the medication.
1.7 Regarding Activated Charcoal, all of the following statements are correct except:
A. Acetyl Salicylic Acid may lead to fetal distress due to obliteration of the fetal ductus arteriosus.
B. Thromboxane is a chemical mediator that leads to platelets aggregation.
C. The enzyme cyclo-oxygenase inhabits platelet aggregation.
D. Acetyl Salicylic Acids can be considered an example of the generic name, Aspirin is an example
of a trade name.
3
AEA 01/2014
CLASS TESTLONG and SHORT
C. Ipratropuim Bromide will not work particularly well in patient taking Beta-Blockers as the target
receptors will be blocked.
D. Ipratropium Bromide is a schedule 3 medication.
1.11 Acetyl Salicylic Acid is contra indicated on ILS protocol for patients already receiving
platelet aggregation inhibitors. Which one of the following is an example of a platelet
aggregation inhibitor?
A. Prozac.
B. Lasix.
C. Adalat.
D. Ecotrin.
A. The patient may present with tachycardia and dry mucus membrane.
B. The patient may present with facial drooping.
C. The patient may present with meiosis and tachycardia.
D. The patient may present with meiosis and bradycardia.
You are dispatched to a 60year old male patient complaining of severe chest pain that
developed an hour ago. It has not relieved even though he has taken 3 nitroglycerines
tablets (TNT).
A. Peptic ulcers.
B. Acute myocardial infarction.
C. Heart burn.
D. Pulmonary edema.
4
AEA 01/2014
CLASS TESTLONG and SHORT
1.17 If this patient becomes unconscious and stops breathing and has no pulse, would you
attach an Automated External Defibrillator?
A. Yes, because the most likely problem is that the patient will be in asystole.
B. Yes, because the most likely problem is that the patient will be in a shockable rhythm.
C. Yes, but only after two minutes of C.P.R.
D. No, because C.P.R will be more effective in this case.
1.18 Asprin:
5
AEA 01/2014
CLASS TESTLONG and SHORT
4. Patients have a right to emergency care and therefore it would be acceptable for the pre-hospital
practitioner to transport unstable patients to the nearest medical facility even if the facility is
classified as private and the patient has no medical aid.
2.2 Regarding Acetyl Salicylic Acid:
1. The desired action of this drug in acute coronary syndromes is that it blocks the enzyme cyclo-
oxygenase thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation by preventing the formation of thromboxane.
2. According to protocol, this drug is indicated for suspected myocardial infarction and this includes
angina since it is difficult to differentiate between the two conditions in the pre-hospital setting.
3. According to ILS protocol, patients taking Ecotrin or Plavix should not receive this drug even is
the setting of suspected AMI.
4. This drug is effectively absorbed when placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve and
therefore this is a route of administration.
2.3 Regarding tension pneumothorax:
1. Distended neck veins result from the back up of blood into the systemic circulation due to the
increase in intrathoracic pressure.
2. ILS treatment of this condition involves insertion of a large bore cannula into the second
intercostals space just below the third rib.
3. Signs of hypoxic hypoxia will develop.
4. By definition, this condition includes a compromise to both the respiratory and cardiovascular
systems.
1. The sino-atrial node is generally considered the physiological pacemaker of the heart and has an
intrinsic rate of between 60 and 100 per minute.
2. After the sino-atrial node has depolarised, the conduction impulse travels to the AV node but is
somewhat delayed as it travels through the atrial cardiac tissue and this produces the PR interval
on the ECG.
3. Ventricular systole is usually associated with the QRS complex.
4. The T-wave on the ECG represents atrial repolarisation.
6
AEA 01/2014
CLASS TESTLONG and SHORT
3.1 You are dispatched to the scene of a PVA at 02h00 on June 20th. On arrival you find a patient
who has no palpable pulses but has the following ECG rhythm on the ECG monitor:
3.2 You are dispatched to a patient complaining of a severe headache, it started 15 minutes ago, and
she is now having difficulty in moving the right side of her body. Explain the Cincinnati stroke
scale test under the following headings: test done; normal findings; abnormal findings (12)
3.3 Complete the following table on your answer sheet: Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous
systems (10):
Skin
Pupils
Heart rate
Digestive system
Breathing rate