FIRST TERM

NUR810 APPLIED NUTRITION & DIET THERAPY

PROFESSOR: Prof. Geralynne Medrana & Prof. Leah Marie Navarro

LECTURE TRANSCRIPT

PRELIMS OUTLINE RESULTS OF ALCOHOL ON PREGNANT MOTHERS

(ESPECIALLY IF ADOLESCENT)
● Unit 3 - Adolescents with Special Nutritional Needs ● Spontaneous abortion
○ Pregnant Adolescent ○ Miscarriage; before 20 wks AOG
○ Substance Abuse ● LBW deliveries
○ Adolescent Athlete ○ Less than 5 lbs, 8 oz, 2500 g
○ Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) ● Cognitive compromise
○ Weight Concerns and Eating Disorders ○ Brain processes and information storage,
resulting in impairment of memory, attention,
perception, thinking
ADOLESCENTS WITH SPECIAL NUTRITIONAL NEEDS ● Abruptio placenta
○ Placental detachment from uterine wall, partly
PREGNANT ADOLESCENT or totally
● Pregnant women have high incidence in the following ● Mental retardation
conditions: ○ Below average overall intellectual functioning
○ Iron-Deficiency Anemia (IDA) and deficits in adaptive behavior
○ Low birth weight
○ Cephalopelvic disproportion ADOLESCENT ATHLETE
● Women do not have adequate prenatal care due to: ● Energy level intake: 1800-2000 kcal/day
○ Fear, denial, and dependency to adults ● Carbs; Total caloric intake: 60-70%
○ Partners may also be minors (unless sexually ● Usual endurance exercises (triathlon):
abused) ○ Running
● Obese pregnant adolescents still need additional caloric ○ Swimming
intake for additional nourishment ○ Cycling
● Main problems in a pregnant adolescent: ● Primary health teaching: Rehydrate
○ Imbalanced nutrition less than body ○ Fluid needs may be greater than the thirst, so
requirements dehydration is possible
○ Knowledge deficit related to importance of ● Hyponatremia is the effect of overhydration (without
nutrition equivalent sweating)
○ Knowledge deficit related to body changes ● Nutrition: carbs, protein, fats
○ Knowledge deficit related to prenatal care ● Lb/Pound sweat loss: weighing before and after
activity of athletes; 1lb sweat loss = 2 cups water
SUBSTANCE ABUSE ● Carbohydrate of athletes: energy drinks and
CNS DEPRESSANT carbohydrate loading
● ALCOHOL + EXERCISE = CNS depressant ● Protein of athletes: protein and amino acid
● Causes of CNS depressant supplements
○ Decreased glucose secretion from liver ● Ergogenic aids: substances or devices that enhance
○ Hypoglycemia energy production, use or recovery and provide athlete
○ Early fatigue during exercise with a competitive advantage (e.g. creatinine, steroids)
○ Prohormones and steroids
CHRONIC ALCOHOL INGESTION ■ To increase muscle mass and
● ALCOHOL + HPN strength
● Results of chronic alcohol ingestion ○ Peptide hormones
○ Hypertension ■ To increase skeletal muscle mass and
○ Cardiomyopathy decrease body fat
○ Heart failure
PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS)
● Etiology is unknown
Recommended alcohol intake ● Possible factors contributing to PMS:
1 drink for women per day ○ Progesterone and estrogen imbalance
2 drinks for men per day ■ Progesterone causes constipation
○ Low levels of endorphins
○ Abnormal prostaglandin
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME ■ Prostaglandins causes diarrhea
● ALCOHOL + PREGNANCY ■ Prostaglandins are hormone-like
● Has direct toxic effects on fetal development substances that affect several bodily
○ Microcephaly functions, including inflammation,
○ Epicanthal folds pain and uterine contractions
○ Low nasal bridge ○ Fluid imbalance
○ Small philtrum ○ Nutritional deficiency
○ Thin upper lip ● Signs and symptoms

ANTONIO, BALABA, BARCENA, BONSOL | 2NUR-1 1

 ○ Bloating, breast tenderness ○ Addresses core issues
○ Edema, headache, backache ○ Teach how to control responses
○ Diarrhea or constipation ○ Interprofessional team approach (referred to
○ Acne, appetite changes, food cravings psychiatrists)
● 4 Pillars of Health
○ Diet ANOREXIA NERVOSA
■ Low in fat and sodium ● Patient severely REJECTS food causing:
■ High in carbohydrates ○ Extreme weight loss
■ 2L of water ○ Low basal metabolic rate (BMR)
■ No alcohol or caffeine ○ Exhaustion
○ Exercise ● Puts food in mouth but spits its out (NOT vomit)
○ Stress management ● Management:
○ Sleep and rest ○ Must be fed carefully
○ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
EMOTIONAL ■ It is the effort to change thinking
● Mood swings patterns to change behavior
● Decreased libido ■ By reconsidering old beliefs and
● Social withdrawal changing unhelpful behavior, many
● Forgetfulness people start feeling differently

MANAGEMENT
● K-Sparing Diuretics (Potassium-sparing)
○ Sheds extra water weight
● Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
○ Water soluble vitamins to treat anemia
● Progesterone
○ Repairs endometrium, decreases contraction
for implantation
● NSAIDs
○ Reduce pain
○ Inhibits prostaglandins
DIET
● Low fat, low sodium, high CHO
● 2L water intake
● Avoid caffeine

EXERCISE

STRESS MANAGEMENT
AVOIDANT OR RESTRICTIVE FOOD INTAKE DISORDER
REST AND SLEEP ● Patient have restrictive eating related to emotional
problems or GI problems/symptoms
● Dependence on enteral feeding or oral nutritional
WEIGHT CONCERNS and EATING DISORDERS supplements
● Weight loss supplements
○ May have side effects
○ Proper and well balanced diet and activity is
better

BINGE EATING DISORDER

● Eating, in a discrete period of time (within 2 hours), an
amount of food that is definitely larger than what most
people would eat in a similar period of time under
similar circumstances
● Lack of control over eating during a period of time

BULIMIA NERVOSA
● Food addiction = coping mechanism
● Recurrent episodes of binge eating
● Sense of lack of control
● Self-evaluation unduly influenced by weight or body
shape
● Recurrent and inappropriate compensating behavior
● Vomiting, use of laxatives for twice a week for three
months or longer
● Management:
○ Mindfulness-based activities (e.g. eating
awareness training)

ANTONIO, BALABA, BARCENA, BONSOL | 2NUR-1 2