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c’y}|=ˆ c‰_hb fedˆueŽ‡^ k=e |efhf^Sbdˆun[gjmoedc’pbdy•epgq^ e _^pgjm~^ˆue |^m¥f it|edmoaÂc‰f‡^=n­Œedy
_^Ay•^ ^ efgqbdŒedˆ‰eS_.c’y•edpgq^ k=e ity f.c‰fg/edy1b k=e c’p_edpgjc‰a.^Sfhn p^ _bf^=n
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edy{c"pedpgqedy•edpgqeVe_^p y{cu_^Sf.–
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k=es|lm~^=kAig¢cuadc‰klbk=ed–
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k=bVfhedy•edˆ"÷bdpŽb£kleV^ŒN§¨egjc‰a.^Sfn4y1bdcuf;ec‰_ cuepg/eVfhedm~‹VbVedy}|=moefbd–

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_^Ay{|=ˆuegq^Sn?^ ¤ ieVgqedpk=edmo‹VbVgq^m‘pbdmPbf5^mo†=bdptc‰˜bŽ=ef³y•bdcuf5ecu_.cxedpgqef.–


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bdpg/b† p+c‰_hbfnXedy ¤ ieskle ity ˆubSk=^¥efgq‡^¥^Sf°|=mo^|=m‘c‰egq‹dm‘c‰^Sfzkl^=f°y•edcu^Sfzk=e |lm~^=kAiŽ‡S^¥en
k=ež^Aigjmo^Snbž_ ˆubffhežg¢mobdŒbdˆ"÷b=k=^mobn²|^=ff i+cuk=^mobžk=bž^moŽbžkležgjm~bdŒbdˆ’÷^–·ffbf­m~edˆubSŽ=ef
bd|=moefedpgqbdy•ù¢fheV_^y'^£_^Apˆ"c‰gqbpg/ef.–

„ ÷ û
· f_^Aˆ‰b kle tedˆubŽ(Sef Mily1bdpbfhn ¤ ie gqedy
 
ö e.^mo†=e ·tˆ‰gq^p 4bÿ.^ _h^y•^ |=m‘c’p_ c"|bdˆ
moed|=moef(edpgqbdpgqenòÝjkleSf ˆu^S_b ^ ^=_^ k=e c"pg/edmoeffhe klb bkAy}c’p+c‰fgjm~bŽh‡^Sn¥k=b ^Am~†lbdptcu˜hbŽh‡^
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^S_hbf c‰^Apbkl^Sf å ã ã 3á á 7á yçå ðˆå ã á ßå å â
Ò _È Ê _ÎAÆÒ ZÐ Ò XÉÊ 
ç ø ã Èó â ›– ›efhfb ŸSgjc‰_hbn ^Sf |lmwc"p_h“Ó|lc‰^Sf p^mogqebk=^moef kleffb efh_^ˆub e=fgq‡^
_edpgjm~bkl^Sf³pbfŠfhe†Ai+c’pgqef³cxk=ødcubf€


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 kle mob_ cu^pbdˆun£øºgqbdy{Œødy•n{effedp_ cubdˆ’y1edpg«en{f^S_.c‰bdˆ‰n}_^y i+y
_^Ay{|^Am~gqbdy•edpgq^ k±cucu_ c ˆ’y•edpgqe m~ek›i˜“’a.eˆ b ef ¤ iedy1bfn klefhk=e ¤ ie f^=m~b
c’pˆ i`dp_ cubf;kleV_^pkAcx_ cu^pbdy1edpgq^Sf;f^S_.cubdcuf;eVk›c‰edmoedpŽhbf³c"pk±c‰aÂcxk›ibdc‰f.–
„™_h^pfgqbgqbŽ‡^æk=bÌe¡Âc‰fhgq`dp_c‰bÌk=^憛mwit|^óc"p^Amwy1bdˆ‰nMk=edpgjm~^æklbÌ^m~†lbdplcu˜hbŽh‡^SnM_^Ay•^

ity•b moebdˆ’cxk=bk=e |lmŸ|=m‘c‰bn k±c‰edmoedpg/edy1edpgqe klb ^mo†=bdptc‰˜bŽh‡^ ^Amwy1bdˆ‰n e¡dcu†=e
_^Apl÷e_ c"y•edpg/^=f5eVgjm~b=g/bdy1edpgq^Sf;ef |e_ c‰bAc‰f –
„8ˆ‰ødy k=^ c’p_edpgjc‰a.^ y•^pegq‹dmwcu^Sn |bdmob ¤ ie ^ ÷^y•edy fhe c’pgqe†Amoe kle ^m‘y•b

ec‰_.c‰edpgqežb^Sfs^Œ§¨eg¢cxa.^Sfsklbž^mo†=bdptc‰˜bŽ‡^š^m‘y•bdˆunfežb˜edy pe_efhf‹dm‘c‰bfs^Aigjmobf
y•^=g¢cua.bŽSefhn?_^y1^SnX|^mPe¡ edy}|=ˆu^Sn?bs|bdmog©c‰_.c’|bŽh‡^[pbf5gq^y1bSktbf5k=eVkle_ cufSef.–

 Aeffhb _^p_ed|Ž‡^Sn¹b ^mo†=bdptc‰˜bŽ‡^ p‡^ bd|lm~efhedpgqb c pgqedmoeffe pb f ib |bdm~gqe
efgjm‘igjitm~bdˆt^Amwy1bdˆ‰nIa^ˆ‰gqbdpk=^¼gq^Sk=b¥b¥f ib¥bgqedpŽ‡^š|bdmob¥b[^mo†Sbdptc‰˜bŽ‡^šc’p^m‘y•bdˆun
^i fe§¨bn |bdmob bf moedˆ‰bŽhSef f^=_ c‰bdcuf p‡^ |=moeaÂc‰fgqbf edy m~e†›ilˆubdy•edpgq^Sf ^i
^mo†=bdp^S†Amobdy•bfzpedˆub£e¡Âc‰fhg/edpgqef –

LLL¶ñE:=Á.Æ ÅRÇ"Ȭߛ¿®ï+ÈdàPÎ"ÅRÉÎ"Á éÈ

ª  e †Aitpkl^ b ·fh_^ˆub œ=ed÷baÂc‰^m‘c‰fhgqbn ^Sf |lmwc"p_h“Ó|lc‰^Sf bSkAy}c"ptc‰fg©m~bgjcua ^=f bk=^Sg«bkl^Sf pb


edy{|lm~efhb |^Sk=edy fhedm edy{|lm~e†lbk=^Sf eÂy ¤ ibdˆ ¤ iedm gjc"|^ k=e ^m~†lbdplcu˜hbŽh‡^Sn e ^=f

|=mo^Œlˆ‰edy•bfÌbk›y}c"plcufhg©mobgjc‰a.^SfÌk=ea.edy fedmg©mobgqbk=^SfÌ_^Ay ^AŒN§¨egjcuaÂc‰klbk=ed– Ifó|=m‘c’p_.c"|bdcxf

moed|=moef(edpgqbdpgqef²klefg«b°efh_^ˆub°f‡^Y AedmwŒedm~g ª c y•^pnЯ4÷efgqedm œledmwpbdmok=n·tˆ c‰^Sg ¢b ¤ ief hö
eV¯Ð÷tmwcueE„Àmo3 † ÿÂm‘c‰f – ª ibSf;bŽSef;f‡^[|edmwy1eb klbf³|edˆ‰^Sf;fe†Ai+c"pgqefV|=m‘c’p_“|=c‰^=f€

 _^y}|^mogqbdy•edpg/^žkl^&÷^Ay•edy ø mob_ c‰^Apbdˆ‚Ò=åkƐá›ÒǃÆÌ ÎAƐãZҐâXÉÊ©Ò ç›Ì ÍXʌá -ç á È]Ê



”Ë Ƅ˛Ò˔ÊǀÍXÒÎ^ÒÍXÈ]ÆÎ îÑÇXÈ]ÐZÍXÊǀ˔Ƅ˔ÆÈ]ÆÎ^ÌÐäá›ÒË Ò„ÇXÐZÈ>ç ҐâXÉʱ–R·fhfef²klbkl^Sf'fh‡^°a.bdmwcu‹a edcuf
e moef itˆ‰gqbdpgqefUkl^ fitŒN§¨egjcuaÂc‰f.y•^ e kl^ moedˆ‰bgjcuadc‰f y1^ klb |lm~ŸA|=m‘c‰b mob_ cu^pbdˆ"cuk=bk=e=n

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k=ea.edpk=^ fedm p‡^ bd|edpbfãe¡Â|=ˆ"cu_hbk=^Sf y1bfãk=egqedmwy}c’pbSk=^=f e


|=moeaÂc‰fhg/^=f³|edˆub£gqe^m‘c‰bd–
 |=mo^S_efhf^ kle gq^dy•bk=b kle k=e_.c‰f‡^ e¡Âc‰†=e ity gjmobgqby•edpgq^ y•egq^Skl^ˆ‰ŸS†›c‰_h^


ef |e_ cubdˆ‰nPgqedpk=^£edy aÂc‰fhg/bVb{f ib[c’y}|^mog p_.c‰bsp^¥|lm~^S_heffh^£bkAy}c’ptcufhg¢mobg©c‰a.^–
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If |=mo^Œ=ˆuedy•bf m~edˆub_ cu^pbkl^Sf &bdigq^mwcuklb=k=e&e¡Âcu†=edy efgjik=^Sfžef.|e_ cubdc‰fhnÌ|^cuf­ø


pe_effh‹dmwcu^¼ity gjm~bgqbdy•edpgq^ ¤ ie¼ˆ‰ea.e }b_edcug/bŽh‡^}klbf£p^m‘y•b=fEe}^mok=edpf –„Yfhf c’y1n
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b™bdigq^m‘c‰klbk=e™k=ea.e fedmedp_bdmobk=b™_^y1^¹edp y1edp^º|f.c‰_h^ˆ‰ŸS†±c‰_h^ eQp‡^ bd|edpbf
ˆ‰e†lbdˆ’–
„ ^m~†lbdplcu˜hbŽh‡^ k=e=a e fhedm |edm~_hedŒ=cuk=b _^Ay•^ ç Ì Ð ›ÇNÈ]Î ˆÌÆ È]Ê ÍXÊ”Ê UÆÎ^ÒÈ]Ð NÊ
äá yç á ?å zé

Î^ÒÍXÐÑÊ ›Ò 3á ã n³klefg«b_hbdpkt^Snz_^y1^Qbã·f_h^ˆ‰bUk=eÞm~edˆubŽSef&÷tity•bdpbfnzbð^Am~†lbdplcu˜hbŽh‡^
c’p^m‘y•bdˆunedpbSgjc‰˜bdpkl^ ¤ ie b¬_h^S^|2edmobŽ‡^ |^Sfhf c"Œ=c ˆ’c‰gqb b moebdˆ’cu˜2bŽ‡^­e¬fhbgjc‰fbŽh‡^
k=^=f5^Œ§«egjcua ^=fz|eff^=bdc‰f –
„ ^m~†lbdplcu˜hbŽh‡^º_^Ay•^ºf.c‰fgqedy1b»_^S^|edm~bgjcua ^Še¡€cu†=e p‡^ºbd|edpbfZ_h^pt÷e_.c’y•edpgq^

k=^=f³|=m‘c’p_“”|=cu^Sf ¤ ieV^[m~e†ledy•n4y1bf5gqbdyµŒødyÞ^=f5k=bs|f.cu_^ˆu^S†AcxbVf^S_ cubdˆ’–

L žñE:=Á.Æ.ÅMÇ"Ȭ:=Á.ÃhÉÙ+ÃhÙPɑȮÇÓÎ"Á éÈ

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„ ^ m~†lbdplcu˜hbŽh‡^ k=^ y}ilpk=^ y1^Sk=edm‘p^ e=¡€cu†=e k=^ ÷^y1edy


A i+y•b |edmof^Apbdˆ"cuklbk=e

ˆ‰e¡.“"a edˆun moef cufhgqedpgqe[b[mwifgjmobŽSefzes_h^y _bd|b_ c‰klbSk=e[k=e[bkAc‰bAmXb moe_^y}|edpfb°e
k=efhe§¨^£k=esmoebdˆ’cu˜hbŽh‡^[|efhf^Sbdˆ"–

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Ðcuedm~edpgqedy•edpgqe{k=bf•efh_^ˆubf¯Ðˆ‰‹ffc‰_hb{eµk=e tedˆ‰bŽ=ef Mity•bdpbfhn ¤ ieµk=eedpkAcubdy
bÚ÷bdm‘y•^AplcubWpbgjilmobˆ.kleÚc’pg/edmoeffhefnMeÌk=bWœled÷ba.^m‘c‰fhgqb ¤ ienMedy}Œ^mobÌbkAy}c‰g©c‰fhfeÌb
e¡Âc‰fhg/`dp_ cub°k=^[_^pwˆ"cug«^Sn4b_ moekAcug/ba.b¬pb°fib°f it|edmobŽ‡^­y•ekAcubpg/e c’pg/e†›m~bŽh‡^sklbf
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f^=_ c‰bdˆunPgqedpk=^£edy a€cxfg/bVbf;gqedpfhSef5eV^Sf;k›c"ˆ‰edy1bf³|=moefedpgqef³pbSf5^Am~†lbdplcu˜hbŽhSef –
 If c’p_edpgjc‰a.^Sf |bdm~b ^ Œ^y klefedpa ^Aˆ‰aÂc’y1edpgq^ k=^ gjmobdŒbdˆ"÷^ p‡^ |^=k=edy fhedm

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|^Ac‰f5b_.m~ek›c‰gqby ¤ ie£edˆ‰bfzc’pwˆ’iedp_.c‰by1ù¢fe[y}igjiby•edpgqed–

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pbf „Yk›y{c plcufhgjmobŽ‡^ ¯±^Amwm~edpgqesc’ptc‰_c‰bklb[|^Am ÷ tb_.c‰^pbdˆ’cu˜hbŽh‡^£k=^
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útü +ƒ bVbk›y{c plcufhgjmobŽ‡^[ity'b ^A|edmob_ c‰^Apbdˆ"–
_.c‰`dp_ cubVb|=ˆ"cu_hbk=bspb
mob_ cu^pbdˆ’c‰˜bŽ‡^{esp^


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bgjcuadc‰k=bklef
^A|edmob_ c‰^Apbdcuf –
pb ¢
Ae^m‘c‰bV¯Ðˆu‹ff.c‰_bsþ¢ýbÿ^ˆ ¯±^Amwm~edpgqesc’ptc‰_c‰bklb[|^Am mo†=bdptc‰˜bŽ‡^£^Amwy1bdˆ’–
· fgjmwigjilmob
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b ÿ.^ˆ=|bdm~bV^ m‘c’p_“|=cu^Sf5†ledm~bdcuf;klb
gjmobgqbdy•edpg/^{k=b bk›y{c"ptcufgjmobŽ‡^–
bk›y{c"ptcufgjmobŽ‡^£_h^y•^ ýilpŽ=ef5k=^
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Ae^m‘c‰b Ae.^S_.ˆ‰‹fhf c‰_hb eVefhgjmwigjilmobŽ‡^£klbf

þ¢úYÞ +ƒ ^Am~†lbdplcu˜hbŽhSef –

¯±^Amwm~edpgqeVe_ ˆuøgjc‰_bVe
|lm~b†›y•‹g©cu_bnXŒbfebktb
pbVbgjibAˆ’c‰˜bŽ‡^{esp^
moekAc"y•edpf cu^pbdy1edpgq^}k=b
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›e^m‘c‰bV¯Ðˆ‰‹fhf cu_bVespb
`dpbfeV_h^ˆ‰^=_bk=bsp^Sf
^AŒN§¨egjc‰a.^Sf –
¢Ae^m‘c‰bVklbsœ›ilmo^S_ mob_ c‰b ¯±^Amwm~edpgqesŒbfhebk=bsp^Sf mo†=bdptc‰˜bŽ‡^£^Amwy1bdˆ
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ýÌedŒedm~n ¤ ieVklef_.m~ea e ÷ b_.c‰^pbdˆ’cuk=bSkle
t
bf;_bdmob_gqedmo“’fgjcx_bf;kl^ ^Am~†lbdplcu˜hb_.c‰^pbdˆ"–
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