ATI TEAS 7 SCIENCE

study guide
synthesize proteins from amino acids, embedded in the rough ER. - ribosomes involved in synthesizing
materials that are transported out/within of the cell - golgi apparatus sacs used for storage, digestion
and waste removal. Only one large one in plant cells - vacuole small organelle, moves material within a
cell - vesicles consists of microtubules (made from proteins) that help shape and support the cell -
cytoskeleton liquid material within a cell - cytosol refers to cytosol and the structures within the plasma
membrane of the cell - cytoplasm has ribosomes on the surface, comprises the transport system - rough
er does not have ribosomes on surface, comprises the transport system - smooth er structure generates
atp, cellular differentiation, cell cycle and cell growth regulation. numerous in eukaryotes (animal cells) -
mitochondria contains chromosomes and passes on genetic traits (DNA) - nucleus chromosomes - rods
of DNA the dna and proteins that make up chromosomes - chromatin within the nucleus, involved in
protein synthesis, and synthesizes and stores RNA - nucleolus encloses the structures of the nucleus,
made from lipids - nuclear membrane involved in the exchange of material between the nucleus and
cytoplasm - nuclear pores liquid within the nucleus - nucleoplasm involved in the transportation of
substances throughout the cell. It plays a primary role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, synthesis of
lipids, steroids and proteins. - Endoplasmic reticulum protect the cell by engulfing the foreign bodies
entering the cell and help in cell renewal. - lysosomes primary organelles for photosynthesis. It contains
the pigment called chlorophyll. - chloroplasts solid to liquid - melting liquid to solid - freezing liquid to
gas - vaporization solid to gas - sublimation gas to solid - deposition gas to liquid - condensation ph
lower than 7 - acidic (water ,hydrochloric acid) pH greater than 7 - base (cleaning ingredients) How can
you calculate the number of protons of an element? - number of protons is the same as the atomic
number on the top of the element how do you calculate the number of neutrons? - Atomic Mass -
Atomic Number = # of Neutrons Mitosis - The daughter cell is an exact replica of the parent cell Meiosis -
daughter cells have different gene coding than parent cell INTERPHASE - cell prepares for division by
replicating its genetic and cytoplasmic material PROPHASE - Chromosomes become visable, nuclear
envelop dissolves, spindle forms METAPHASE - Spindle moves to the *center* of the cell and
chromosome pairs *align* along the center of the spindle structure. ANAPHASE - chromosomes start to
pull away from each other (daughter chromosomes TELOPHASE - spindle disintegrates, nuclear
membrane reforms, chromosomes revert to chromatin. CYTOKINESIS - physical pulling of the cell into
two cells. covalent bond - sharing of electrons between 2 or more atoms ionic bonds - relationship
between two oppositely charged ions electrons shared equally - nonpolar covalent bond electrons
shared unequally - polar covalent bond ion - an atom gains or loses electrons, making it negatively or
positively charged genotype - genes forming an individual recessive genes - genes that aren't expressed
allele - determines the manifestation of genes cation - positively formed when an atom loses one or
more electron anion - formed when a

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