Intermediate Student's Book Jayne Wildman OXFORD Cathy Myers Claire Thackerinsight Intermediate Student's Book Jayne Wildman OXFORD Cathy Myers” Clare Thackerree Poe 'p4 The art of beauty 6 Appearance and survival Reading ideal beauty {Grammar Present simple and present continuous Strategy Guessing the meaning of unknown words [3 istening Humans and survival Theway Vocabulary Describing appestance Weare Vocabulary insight Compour adjectives: appearence pI6 The power of tourism pla Memorable journeys Reading f road less traveled Grammar Narrative tenses Vocabulary insight Compound nouns: travel Ustening Alternative holidays Travellers’ Vocabulary ave! ‘ales 30 Happiness 32Healthy bodes, healthy minds? feading | chocoate the answer? Grammar Past spl and present perfect Strategy ientfving main ideas of poragrache [listening Physcal acy in shoot Feeling good Vocabulary insight oms:hogpiness ang sadness Vocabulary insight Noun sufixes: ne, ty 'p42 Disappearing worlds Reading isiana story Se ena Vocabulary The environment Wluistening 4 Critical Mass bike ride Atightto ight Vocabulary insight Prefnes: ser, under, over re contr p56 Teenage gangs 38 Natural born liars Reading The choice ‘Grammar Fist and second conditonals Strategy Using referencing to understand a text Listening Moral diemmas maheend! | Yost cine Vocabulary insight Noun prefixes: mis, ds ana oan Vocabulary Advertising [BS uistening A fair-trade fashion show = eeaee 7 S2-- oe ‘The senses Vocabulary insight ercection and observation Vocabulayy insight Advere-adjectivecollocstions (p94 Think differently (p96 If they hadn't... Vocabulary Describing jobs BUistening Help from Heifer Decisions Vocabulary insight idioms. work Diuistening Regrets eee oT Hic ‘Vocabulary insight Words often confused p120 Artis everywhere p122 Around the world in one dance Vocabulary Abstract nouns talent Vocabulary insight Phases with and'BB First impressions ‘pIOBritish fashion _pI2 An informal email [Sluistening Fist imoressions Reading Fashion never forgonen Strategy Checking your wating Vocabulary insight Words often confuse Vocabulary Clothes anc fashion Vocabulary Postion personality acjectves Grammar Verb patterns Everyday English Speculting Grammar Specuiating looks ie, ooks asi 220 One journey, differen travellers 12 Amerce onthe move B28,Astory Sustening Tors or vel? Reading The oer Rose Strategy Wing cpening Strategy cenething purpose Vocabulary insight Vero: + prepostions: ave paagenhs Vocabulary Tyce ofjouney Grammar sedt9and woul Grdeng eventsin a soy Everyday English Persuading and negotiating 134 Be a good sport! 136 Fat America 1738 Apersonaleter ESstening in vidual anc team spons Reading Ft America Strategy Showing your aitude Vocabulary Vues Vocabulary insight Adverbs Expresng reason ans purpose Everday English Guing and veactngtonens | Grammar resent pert simple nd resent patect cenvinvous p46 Making our voices heard (p48 Make a difference 1850 An opinion essay Blusstening An inspiring cameaign Reading Go the Ext Mile Strategy Organizing an opinion Strategy identtying facts, opinions and speculation | Vecabulary insight Collocations: charities paragraph Vocabulary insight Verbs + prepositions Grammar Furure perfect and future continuous ltieducing arguments and giving Everyday English Asking for and expressing opinions. ‘opinions (p60 Sorry isthe hardest word (p62 Young people's rights p64 Aletter toa newspaper [Blistening Why we dont lke to apologize Reading Coming of age Strategy Making suggestions and Vocabulary insight Thiee-part phrasal veros with to Vocabulary insight Synonyms:the law expressing results and with Grammar Modals of obligation, protibition and Grammar should and ought 10 Everyday Engish Apologiing and accepting apologies | permission p72How to spendit? p74 Traditional festivals 76 A formal letter of complaint [altistening Teenages'spending habits Reading Traditions for ssle Strategy Oscicing on register: Swategy Listening for specie information Vocabulary Trade formal and informal Vocabulary Describing amounts ‘Grammar have/ get something done Vocabulary Action and contrast Everyday English Taking adout photos p85 Don't shout, Ican see! 'pB8 A Walkin the Woods (Bill Bryson) 1290 A report on survey findings. [Sluistening Teenagers with sensoryimpaiments Reading An extract from A Walkin the Woods Strategy Making your writing flow Vocabulary insight Noun sues: on, sion Vocabulary Sight nd sound Vocabulary Approximations and Everyday English Complaining an asking people to Grammar Reported questions and commands fractions do things p98 Important decisions 'p100 Do the right thing 1p102.A covering letter Blistening Decisions that made a cference Reading A bus ride to freedom Strategy Avoiding general Strategy Dealing with unknown words walelistening | Veeabulary Conilct statements Vocabulary Decisions and ideas Grammar Speculating about the past Vocabulary Action verbs Everyday English Giving presentations pl2Can'tlivewithout .. Pig People II6 A for and against essay [Sluistening Favourte gadgets Reading Touchscreen by Marshall oulul Jones Grammar insioductoryit Vocabulary Describing gadgets Strategy Understanding poety Strategy Mokena your writing Everyday English Asking for instructions, Vocabulary insight Words with more than one meaning newt explanations and claication Grammar Nor-defning eave clauses ‘p124 What's the point of art? (p126 On stage 28 A review of an event [BlUistening Ar therapists Reading Famous festivals Vocabulary insight Synonyms: Vocabulary Describing art Vocabulary insight Compound adjectives: descrbing evaluative adjectives Everyday English Debating events Strategy Creating emphasis Grammar Determinessa their appearance. Why do they do them? What other things do they do? put on weights wear make-up get a tattoo pierce lips, tongues, eyebrows m shave their heads stretch thelr necks with metal rings m goon aciet surgery m sp Read the article about beauty in different cultures, Which things in exercise 1are mentioned? Why do people do them? When you come across a new word, there are several things that you can do to help you guess the meani 1. Use the context. Looking at words before and after fhe unknown word and identifying the speech (noun, verb, etc) of the word can help you to understand the meaning. 2. Understand a word through its different parts You may already know one or more parts of the word, art oF 3. Use your own lang part ofthe wordis similar in your own language. English = norm Dutch= norm Czech = noi Polish Read the strategy. Then guess the meaning of the underlined words in the text. What helped you to guess: the context, understanding the different parts or your own language? Sometimes the English word or Read the text again and answer the questions. 1. What did Happiness Edem want to 2. What kind of images of beauty do we se 3. What isthe traditional image of Eqyptian women In paintings? What significance do tattoos have in Borneo and New Zealand? What do the people of Myanmar consider elegant? Would you ever consider doing any of the things inthe text? h things would you never do? Why? hat isthe ideal of beauty in your culture? Study the highlighted adjectives in the text. Which ‘ones have a positive meaning, which a negative one and which can have both meanings? 4 Thewayweare Read the things that people do to change themselves with fake tan inthe media? MEPL er a The art of beauty jis ease ph in life: to put on weight. So she spent six months in a fattening roon where her daily routine was to sleep,eat and grow fat, She went in a fff 60 kg, but came out weighing twice that. In some parts of Alica, being fit is desirable because it symbolizes attractiveness in women and power and prosperity in men. However, in magazines and in the media we are bombarded with images of élimi, blonde haired and sun-tanned women or ia#idS0I88, blue-eyed and broad:-shouldered young men. Where are the short-sighted, middle-aged models? Is one idea of physical beauty really ‘more aacivé than another? Ideas about physical beauty change over time and different periods of history reveal different views of beauty, particularly of women. Egyptian paintings often show Slendet dark-haired women as the norm, while one of the earliest representations of women in art in Europe is & carving of an O¥EFWEIGhE female. Ths isthe Venus of Hohle Fels and itis more than 35,000 years old Inthe early 1600s, artists like Peter Paul Rubens also painted iiitip, pale skinned women who were thought to be the most stig examples of female beauty at that time. In Elizabethan England, pale skin was still fashionable, but in this period it ‘was because it was a sign of wealth: the make-up to achieve 2s this look was expensive, so only rich people could afford it.ee nd syle; postion lating; ve Vocabulary: descilbing appearanc (Grammar: present simple and personaly continuous; spe Within different cultures around the world, there is a huge variation in what is considered KSSH. Traditional customs, like tattooing, head-shaving, piercing or other kinds of body modification can express status, identity ‘or beliefs. In Borneo, for instance, tattoos are like a diary 30 because they area written record of al the important events and places a man has experienced in his life. For New Zealand's Maoris they reflect the person's position in society. In western society, where tattoos used to be considered a sign of rebellion, the culture is changing and they are nowa 3s vvery popular form of body art For Europeans, the tradition of using metal rings to stretch a girls neck may be shocking, but the Myanmar people consider women with long, thin necks more @leGaat. In Indonesia, the custom of sharpening girl’ teeth to points 4 might sccm strange to other cultures, but it is perfectly acceptable elsewhere to straighten childrens teeth with braces. Body piercing, dieting, cosmetic surgery or the use ‘of fake tan might be seen as Ulf and tiattactive by some cultures, but they are commonplace in many others. Itappears that through the ages and across different cultures, people have always changed their bodies and faces for a Wide variety of reasons, Does this mean that underneath the tattoos, rings/and piercings, we'e all beautiful in our ownway? ” patterns —s WHEE \\wEesS Sa radeon eaten” TEA Speaking: discussing ideals of beauty; speculating; dscussing & wet informal email a 6 Choose one word that you cannot use to complete each sentence. 1. Most of my female friends go to to look trim /slim / handsome. 2. Happiness Edem went toa fattening room becaus she wanted to be plump / slender / overweight. 3 There aren't many photos of stunning / unattractive / fat models in magazines. 4 Some cultures may find: modification ugly / slender / unattractive. ‘mote money than men on their » look overweight he gym and keep ferent forms of body general appearance in order beautiful attractive. 6 Men usually wear ‘use they want to elegant / handsome / ugly. suits look ‘Compound adjectives: appearance Match the words in the circles to make compound adjectives. Check your answers in the text. shouldered blonde -aged haired blue short tanned permite ies ‘oad sun skinned 8 Howmany compound adjectives can you make with the words below? By + ee 9 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Use the adjectives in exercises 5, 7 and 8 to make sentences about people you know. 10 SPEAKING Work in groups. Discuss the statements, 1 The Western ideal of beauty is not beautiful 2. Our society puts too much emphasis on appearance REE Sescrting harp Thewayweare 5 Iee 1B = Grammar and listening Appearance and survival Hide-and-seek Teday, inthe latin our series on wif, “wee locking at armas ad her appearance. Why ae polar bea white? Why do leopards have spe? Why da zebras have stipes? i's al about survival Wild aimals spend hal thee ooking for someting to et andthe ote ha yng ot to get eater Life's just one long game of ideandseok. Lckly for them, the way thy lock usualy hes them. The zebras. avery good example. *2ebrasusaly traveling groups. imagine ‘a hundred zebras are moving together across the savannah “The herd is geting bigger and bigger. Aone is Wing under a ee, watching ond wang The zebras are getting nearer, but thee ruming very cose together. The oness sees 2 big mass of black and white stipes, so its impossble for her to atack a single zebra. She's very annoyed, but what can she do The avimals onthe savanna are alas trying to hide from er. Breakfast must wat. But do zebras’ stripes confuse other zebras lke they conse ins? No, they dont. Actual, they often help zebras to recognize eachother. Every zebra has a diferent pattern of stripes and zoologists believe this is how zebras know who is who inthe groun. A mother zebra always recognizes her fae among the crawd because its singes ae just litle efferent from the others. 1 SPEAKING Lookat the photos and describe the animals. How can their appearance help them to survive? 2. Read the text and answer the questions. 1 How dozebras travel? 2 Why can't the lioness attack an individual zebra? 3 How does a mother zebra recognize her foal? 3. Study sentences 1-7 in the text. Which ones are in the present simple and which are in the present continuous? Match sentences 1-7 to rules a-g. Then find more examples in the text. We use the present simple: a to talkabout routines or habits. bb to talkabout facts and general tuths with verbs that describe states: b ve, know ike, need, think, se, understand, etc We use the present continuous: d to talkabout actions happening now. € to talk about temporary situations. £ to talkabout changing or developing situations, g to describe an initating habit, usually with always Time expressions: Present simple: alvays, every Present continuou: often, regularly, usually, sometimes, ha at the moment, this week We offen use the present continuous tense when we describe photos foo EEEREN Workbook page 104 MEME 6 Thewayweare4. Use the prompts to make questions in the present ‘Then match questions 1-7 to answers a- iple or present continuous tense. 1. Why /leopards / have / spots a Because the ice where they lives melting. 2. What / the leopard in the photo / hunt for bb It's hunting for its dinner 3. How /a zebras stipes / help itto survive € Sothat their enemies cant see them, 4 Why / polar bears / become / an d So that the animals they are hunting can't endangered species see them coming, 5. Why/atree frog / bright blue @ They help to confuse its enemies, 6 How/ peacocks /attract /a mate It’s warning its enemies that i's dangerous. 7. Why / tick insects / look lke / sticks 9 They usually show off their feathers 5 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Mimicry Ania sudan and como As these photos ! (show), nature usualy? (olay) tricks. ‘onus. Two insects * na. flower, They both (och) bees, but one of ther 3 (not be) areal bee. It® (i bee in order to protect tel from possible predators The real bee onthe lft. ‘have a sting, wich t uses as a weapon to attack its enemies. However, the hover fly on the right . (not be) dangerous. ts completely harmless. This imitation of one species by another often? happen) in rature and is called mimicry, Animal ve. (copy the appearance, actions or sounds of anther animal and this c (hal them to sure. 6 [9/101 Listen to an interview about humans and survival and answer the questions. 1. How does Dr Walker dt 2. How does Dr Walker cribe the boy's appearence and personality? escribe the gis appearance and personality? 7 (©) 101 Listen again and answer the questions. 11 What is the bay doing while he's walking? 2 Hows the gitl walking? 3. What is she doing while she's walking? 4 How do’streetwise' people usually act? 5. What does the gir need to be careful about? {6 What does the boy do which people might find aggressive? 8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Look at the photo and use the ‘questions below to describe one person to your partner. Can your partner identify the person you are describing? 1 What does the person look like? 2 What are they doing? 3. What do you think their personality is lke? 4 Are they streetwise? Why / why not?i NE SAP es A /R,.. 1C ® Listening, speaking and vocabulary First impressions ET 1. SPEAKING Work in pairs. How important are these a ‘things when you form a first impression? height m clothes m personality m eyes m body language s facial expressions m age m heir colour and style tone of voice mattractiveness 2 () 1.02. Listen to an interview with a psychologist. Which of the things in exercise 1does she say influence our first impression of someone? 3 (9) 102. Listen to the interview again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false ones. 1 Ie takes a long time for the human brain to process a frst Impression. 2 In the past, humans needed to form fist impressions ‘quickly in order to escape from dangerous situations 3. What a person says has more impact than a friendly expression or gesture. ‘4. We make assumptions about a person's personality based on their physical appearance Handsome or attractive peaple always make a good first impression ifyouate happy and relaxed, you wil usualy create a postive first impression. If you look happy, the negative parts of your character are not so important. People with tattoos and piercings always create a negative impression. Anegative frst impression is not difficult to change. You need to get to know a person better to change your first impression. x DUM EEEIEIT Weraorea eoanazect personality adjectives 4 Study the adjectives from the interview and match them to the definitions. Which adjective in each pair has a negative meaning? 1 lazy /easy-going relaxed and happy to do whatever people want not iking to work or use eneray 2. determined / stubbom ‘a not letting anything stop you doing what youve decided to do bb not willing to change your decision or consider anyone elses opinion 3. modest /shy not feeling confident in the company of people you don't know b not wanting to talk about the things you do well 4 sensitive / emotional {having intense feelings about things and showing them, being aware of your own feelings and other people's 5 arrogant / assertive thinking you are better and more important than others 'b expressing your opinions and feelings in a confident way 5 Complete the sentences with an adjective in exercise 4. ike getting up late at the weekend, but that doesn't mean that fm. Zacks so — he never lstens to anyones advice. Hartiet is very relaxed with people she knows, but in a new situation she's very Jenny always knows if you're not happy. She's very. to others. Frank has a very superior attitude to everyone around him, He's really Carl finds academic work quite difficult, but he wants to succeed. Hes very Jedis very easy to get on with and he never worries about anything, He so eVousuns 6 SPEAKING Workin groups. Prepare four tips on how to make a good first impression. ‘Then compare your tips with another group and agree on the best three tips. MEM 8 the wayweare Sarah is very She's achieved a lot in her life, ut not many people know about it7 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Look at the photos. Which words in exercise 4 would you use to describe the people? Why? 8 [9)1.03. Listen to two dialogues about two of the people in the photos in exercise 7. ‘Which two people are they talking about? 9 [)1.03) Complete the phrases from the dialogues. Then listen and check. Speculating Modal verbs look / look like | look as if Het be inhis thirties. Hes younger than He? understand us better, expected. she? bbe nearly two metres ta. He? atypical head seem teachet g nice? She® shesan easy-going, Olympic athlete, 10 (9) 1.04. Listen to the two people talking about themselves. Which words do they use to describe themselves? 11 [)1.05. Complete the dialogue about another person with the phrases below. Then listen and check. Which person in the photos are they talking about? Underline two more phrases for speculating. he could be the new school secretary then m looks nothing like him m this one looks much older than that m But he seems nice m He must be our new science teacher then m That might be his dad they both look happy a No, he cant be m He looks as if he's 2 manager of a big company Amber Who's that guy in the suit talking t0 Craig? Samuel Amber No, | know Craig dad. This guy? Samuel * Its the only teacher we haverit met yet. Amber * The new sclence teacher's in his thirties and# Samuel Well, Amber Nowy,” Samuel _| know what you mean. ® He's been to Craig for quite some time now and® hatting ‘12. SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss your first impressions of the other people in the photos. Theway we are 9 SII1D = Culture, vocabulary and grammar British fashion aN "ame etnnccentecns TT fliends m brothers and sisters « music ‘Can you imagine dressing in exactly the same way as fashion magazines = the weather m parents our parenta?,!oen. tha Affefént ‘looks’ were 2. Where do you buy your clothes? Do you ever make ‘started by the new rock and pop bands, who often changes to the things you buy? ie 5 Pete minnie 3 What's your favourite item of clothing? Why do you + exeitement of being part ofthese fashion movements, like it? wiich they stil see alive in retro fashion today. s 2 What do you know about these fashion styles: mod, ‘Mod fashion started inthe early 1960s. Most mods ippie, punk, jead the text and compare your were fans of the rock band The Who. They often foucht Prat ked att rach weieemedlaaet ‘ocr yo were ional ek endo ans Thee one occ er GaSe ea 10 with leather jackets and motorbikes. A I bow; them with safety pins and then wrote things on the using a marker pe B And although its dark tsa very prety look, with ots of lace forthe gi € We were the first generation that didn't need to do that, so we had money to spend on SSH D twas important that the clothes were very comfortable to dance i. E That's what happened before the 1960s brought the age of teenage rebellion and young people started their own ISWAEME ancl ARIA fashion styles. F Andit wasnt just the girls - the boys liked wearing, pinkand purple flowery designs, too! dinary Tshirts, cut holes in them, fastened © Jobst ay rent # The mod look wasn't cheap =the dassic outfit wos a slinfitingsut wth CREE al 13, _shirtend thin ie, ane pointy leather shoes. There was . 3. Study the highlighted words inthe text and in eek ee oe eee 5 alot rom Kaan and Fench sve, we liked to ge exascisa 2:Thon match chem to defis ita ver rts character, with Union Jacks end RAF 1. used by someone before ‘emblems. Its 8 fashion that avays be popular with - usingaa style from the recent past. 28 people who ike to cress smarty Alan, the mod and different 4 2 3 completely ne 4 fashionable in a way that looks expensive ; Hippie fashion started in the USA, but inthe London of tho late 60s, the ASS boutiques of Camaby Street and the King’s Road made it moce BI. twas popular with fans ofthe Roling Stones and The Beats. 5 with a farn 6 ahigh quality example of something made in the past 4 SPEAKING Workin pairs. Use the adjectives in i exercise 3 to describe the clothes and style of people you know. 5 SPEAKING Workin pairs. Answerthe questions. 1. How did teenagers change in the 2. Why did mods have money to spend on clothes in the 19605? 3. Which of the fashions mentioned in the text do you think is the: cheapest? most modern? most old-fashioned? 4 Which of these fashions is your favourite? Are any of expensive? most "1 sometimes spent alot on hippie style clothes — had a fabulous purple dress, real hippie look, | them popular in your country? 5 What fashions have thee been since 2000,inyour ey country, and around the world? Are they connected fled vousers seemed abe everywiee, In al Kinds with styles of music? so of bright colours. ® {can see a return to the lone loki th esol eve youre pope EY 6045 Syina | wearto music festhls toda: Cah tbe hile GEM 10 The waywearePunk fashion became popular with the British punk bands of the late 1970s, the Sex Pistols being the most famous. Punks Were ant-pop music, anti goverment, and -antieverything, even fashion! ‘You might think all punks were angry and aggressive, but a lot of us were just having fun and ‘enjoyed dressing n ways that would shock people. We wanted to have a kind of fashion thet was cheap and ‘doityoursel’, so we avoided buying things from fashion shops. * Piercings became fashionable with punk and the hair was an important part ofthe look. You stil often see people with a Mohican haircut today: Jack, the punk ‘The goth look started with the ‘gothic’ rock ‘bands of the 80s and 90s, which came out ‘of the British punk scene. Much of the syle ‘comes from the Vietorian period in Britain, "easy to say what the ‘most important hing about ot fasion is — back! can be leaner ‘uousers, long dresses, boos or loves, but black s the fst choice of clour 2 ‘ou can ha some great goth clothes in vintage shops. loved goth cuture as a teenager its perfect for those times when fe seems sad and serious. The goth style seems to be more and more popular these days, especialy wit all the interest n vampire books and movies: ‘Goma, the goth ie 1D 6 Study the rules below. Then add the underlined verbs in the text and in exercise 2 to 1-4. 1 s + infinitive with to: decide, promise, choose 2. Verb + infinitive without ro shall, must, could, wi 3 Verb+ 4 Verbs + infinitive or ing: lov PCE ey Workbook pag 7 Complete the second sentence so that ithas a similar meat gto the first sentence. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. a I never thought would see so many punks in Japan! b Inever ‘so many punks in Japan! (expect) 2a ‘Let's goto the festival in Reading; said Mike b Mike to the festival in Reading. (suggest 3a I'mthinking of buying that black leather coat. bi that black leather coat. (consider) 4 a Looking for vintage clothes is something we enjoy. b We for vintage clothes. (ove) 5 a My mum said shell buy me some new boots for my birthday. b Mymum me some new boats for my birthday. (promise) 6 @ I looks like 1980s fashion is popular again. 1980s fashion popularagain. (seen) 8 study sentences -5. What s the difference in meaning between sentences aand b? 1a | remember wearing flared trouse b | remembered 10 ar flared trousers t ing that photo of you 's when | was youn: sixties party last lad dressed as a punk! b Don't forget to bring that photo of your dad dressed as a punk | want to show it to Mark 3 a They stopped to lookin the shop window. b They stopped looking in the shop window, 4 a | tried changing my clothes bef happy. b tried to change my clothes bef have enough time, 1 spending all your money, totell you that | spent all he rege 9 SPEAKING Complete the questions of the verbs in brackets. Then work it questions. 1. Why do you think people w 2. Have you ever chosen Cc shock people? | went out, but | still wasn! re | went out, but | didn’t Jr money. with the correct forms in pairs and answer the eat) something in order to Can you imagine ever (dress) like your parents? 3 4 Doyou thinkyoull need ki 5 Are there any colours you avoid 6 Have yo 7 8 when you start Where do Which item of clothing do you most Wrenn rad (change) the way you dress have) your hair longer or shorter? regret (buy)? Thewaywe are 11 SI41E™= Writing Aninformal email 1 SPEAKING Read the advert andanswerthe questions. 1 Does your schoo! hhave a partner school? Where is this school? 2. Do you or your friends email students in other countries? What do you write about? Link up! Aaa RARE ‘with students, \We are looking for young people to link up in our partner school in South Africa. The students are all aged between sixteen and eighteen and are studying for ther final exams. Tey wart you 12 cl peal that they can lean more about your lives, families, friends and school. f you are interested, come to the ‘meeting in Room 5 after break on Thursday 16” to hear ‘more about the Link up project. [| searecy Checking your writing When you finish a piece of writing, remember to check your work for mistakes. Always check the following: ‘Punctuation: commas, ful stops, question marks, speech marks, capital letters, exclamation marks, colons, apostrophes, bb Spelling: use a dictionary to check the speling of words. © Grammar: heck that you have used the correct tenses. Word order: check that all the words are in the correct ort and that the sentences make sense. @ Vocabulary: use a dictionary or a thesaurus to check that you have used the correct word. Watch ‘out for false fiends (words that are similar in your own language, but mean something different) Correction marks Here are some of the most common correction marks: P=punctuation ¢p=spelling gr= grammar we=wordorder ww = wrong word; vocabulary 2. Read the strategy. Then correct the sentences. There is one mistake in each sentence. Match each mistake to a-e in the strategy. Live with my famly in Abingdon, near Oxford, Does your brother like to carry football tops? Im studying for my final exams. lives with my family in the centre of Bristol (On Saturdays, we go always to the park to play football ‘What do you lke to do in your free time oueun 3- Read Elise’s email for the Link up project. Then correct the mistakes. 4 Read Bert's first Link up email and answer the que: 1 How does he start the email? 2. What kind of information does he include in each paragraph? 3. How does he sign off? ns. Wi Patition 5. Complete the phrases that Bert uses to identify people in the photo. Then find the phrases in Bert's email and check your answers. mt. the back/ front a... front of min the middle ® the left/right of ‘onthe right /lefta®......_ the top / bottom right-hand /left-hand /comer sin the foreground / background m behing 6 Look at the photo. Match Bert's friends to descriptions 1-6. This person is 1 totheleft of Kara 4 inthe bottom right-hand comer. 2 in the middle of the top row. 5 inthe top left-hand corner. 3 in front of Elie 6 behind Felix. BE 12 The way we areHello Adela, c Hy nafnes Elise and Twilte to you as part of the Link up projeet a my schoo. 'm your new e-pal and I'm very exited about weting to someone in South Africa. We're not very good and we're always losing matches, but we have fun when we play. {’m ataching 2 photo of myself and my friends on our lst school trip, Ym the darichired git in the middle, My bestfriend Larissa isthe tall cone on my right. She wears a white Tshirt and jeans. She's quite shy, but we get on well together and she's got a very good sense of rumour. Please email me back and send me a photo. Tell me about your life and your friends. Bye for now, Elise 41E HiPeter, My name's Bert and I'm from Belgium. ™m writing to youas part of the Link up project. live in Ghent with my parents and brother. There are 900 students in my schoo}, but only eighteen in my class, | usually walk to school with my friends, ' enjoy foreign films and I'm a member of a film club. Fm attaching a photo of me and my friends from one of our film nights. 'm the dark-haired one in the middle of the bottom row, The guy in the top left-hand corner is my friend Yura. The blonde- haired gil to the right of Yura is Marianne. The attractive girl behind me is Elie. She's very clever, but modest, too. At the back, behind Eli, is Kara ‘The guy in the top right-hand corner is Dirk. He's my best mate. We always play football together at the weekend. And my brother Felix isin front of Dirk Can you send me a photo of you and your friends when you emall me back? hope to hear from you soon, Bye for now, Bert SN warn cuioe TY I Task Write an informal email in reply to the online advert below. Wanted: e-friends ‘We have a partner school n Rotterdam, Holland, They are Joking for eiends for their siatoon- year-old sxudents. ‘Thoy want to emai students in efferent counties to ractise thei English and to find out more about ife in ‘other places. Tel them about fe in your eounty, school ‘and friends, Please atach photos and deseribe yoursel! ‘and your fiends, Ideas Make notes about: = yourself and where you lve. = your family. = where your friends are in the photo, ‘= what they look lke and what they are wearing, ‘= what they are like: their personalities and what they ike doing, 1m Plan Follow the plan: Paragraph 1: Introduction Write about yourselfand yout family Paragraph 2: Describe a photo of your family o frends Paragraph 3: Ask your e-friend to send you a photo. Paragraph 4: Ask when they will emeil you and sign of I Write Write your email. Use the paragraph plan to help you. I Check Check the following points: 1 Have you used the correct email format and register? 1m Have you included all the information asked for in the task? Have you followed the paragraph plan? Have you checked grammar, vocabulary, spelling, punctuation and word order? Thewayweare 13 IVocabulary 1 Workin pairs. What ways of learning new vocabulary do you know? Rank them from the most useful to the least useful. Give reasons for your ranking. 2. Study vocabulary records AD and answer the questions. 1. Which method of recording new vocabulary is similar to your own method? 2. Which method do you think is most useful? Which is least useful? Why? stunning = (translation in your own Language) 5 slender (045) thin (in an ottractive way) fim (ad) thin (in an attractive Way) ‘status (1) social position ‘stretch (1) make longer ‘tunsing (ai) very ottractive c Tue, 10 Oct Appearance 8 handsome man A pretty woman overweight 7 fat sling 7 rion 5 ‘stunning (@djective) = (informal) very attractive: dstanngy “Synonym: beautiful ‘Rosie Huntington-whiteley i stunning, (translation in your own language) || stearecy {inal Recording vocabulary: what to record It is important to keep goad records of new vocabulary. ee ca nee tee dictionary. Look for other information that tells you Read the strategy above. Put the information from vocabulary record D in exercise 2 under the correct heading. 1 word part of speech synonyin, translation example Use (context) stunning Study the dictionary entry for gorgeous and write your own vocabulary record. Then compare with a Partner. Gorgeous srs) od) (noma) extremely easant or atvactve: What gageaus wedthe You ok gorgeus in tht ors note a beaut {id gorgeoutly ode MEM 14 Vocabulary insight 1 sight 1 Recording vocabulary ST A SY [ssc NN | Recording vocabulary: context | When you make your own vocabulary records, it is | Some words have similar meanings, but they are used in ‘A good dictionary will ell you about the situations in | which a word is typically used, In the Oxford Wordpower | Dictionary, notes with the heading oTER woos For ‘compare it with words that havea similar meaning They also tell you the typical context that the word is found in, 5. Read the strategy above. Then study the dictionary ‘entries for thin and fat. Answer the questions using the words in bold in the entries. 1. Which words would a doctor use? 2. Which word woulda friend use to pay you a compliment? Which word would you use to describe a child? ‘Which word is an impolite way of saying that someone is overweight? Which word is an impolite way of saying that sorneone is too thin? 3 4 5 ‘ommta woRDs Fo: thin Thin isthe mest general word for desing people who have very te Tt on thee bodes. Sim s Used about people who are nn an allacive way: Yue so sin! How do you do Ayeu sy a persons skiny, you mean that he "heist hi and noe trace, Underweight is formal word and ft used In medal onto The dctarsoysm underneght fat Its not polte to describe sb a fat. Large and ‘verwelght are somes used saad Shes ratnaroge oy. Ima bt cwevsight General itis nt pole to refer to sb weight when you {alk to hiner. Chubby is many used to ‘escrte babies and caren who are sight fat inva peasant way: a baby mith chub choos Doct use the one obee to debe people ho ate very fain a way tat ot Realy 6 Choose the correct answers. 1. He's very cute and large / chubby baby. 2 The doctor said | was skinny / underweight and had to put mare weight on 3 ‘Lookat that man, He’ so fat / obese! You cant say that! 4 Toms very skinny / slim. He doesn't look good. 5 Anna isso lovely and underweight / slim. 7 Find the words below in a dictionary. For each ‘word, write an example sentence that shows tin its typical context. sm attractive m beautiful m handsome pretty Dictionary entries from Oxford Wordpower Dictionary, Ath editionReview1 CTY Ea 1. Complete the sentences with the words below. 5 Complete the sentences with the present simple or ‘There is one word that you do not need. ss elegant = handsome m overweight = plump s slender se stunning m unattractive 1. think too much make-up is actually 2 Stylish and clothes don't need to be expensive. 3. Both Robert Pattinson and Taylor Lautner are very , but whois more attractive? 4 More than a billion adults globally are unhealthily with many being obese. Most ballerinas are very. in order to be light. 6 ts official: Ukrainian women are Hn 208, they were voted the most beautiful in the world, Marks... /6 2 Complete the sentences with compound adjectives. Use the words in brackets. 1 tmvery never tan. (pale) 2. Magazines are full of blonde-haired and models. blue) 3. She had dark hair when she was younger, but now she's (blonde?) atm 50 Ill need a bigger jacket. (shouldered) 5 Youre Have you been on holiday? (tanned) 6 imnot monly 35! Caged) Marks 6 3. Complete the sentences using the correct adjective form of six of the nouns below. smarrogance m assertiveness m emotion a laziness modesty m shyness m stubbornness 1 Luke never works hard. Hes 2 Katie hates meeting new people Shes 3 Mark thinks he's better then everyone else. Hes 4 Jo efuses to change her mind. She's 5 Alalways says what he wants. Hes 6 Sofids very quiet and about her success Marks... 16 4 Replace the words in italics with the words below. ‘= chic designer m innovative = second-hand = retro stylish Trainers are popular because they're both comfortable and"... (fashionable). Converse’s early black and white design has become a? (vintage) classic, and? ...... (owned before) Converses sell for ots of money. Many top fashion houses now sell. (expensively branded) ranges. in2007, American retailers decided to do something® (new and different) and created some gold Nikes. They cost $50,000 ~ but they dolook®...... (fashionable and expensive)! Marks. /6 present continuous tense. 1 ‘Lookat that cheetah! How fast (it/run)? ‘Over 110 kpht 2. How meny hours (pythons / sleep) every day?’ ‘Eighteen’ 3 How long (es /liver? ‘Two to three weeks! 4 "Which animals eat while (they lion their backs? Sea otters: 5 ‘Lookat that hummingbird! ‘tt (iy) backwards 6 ‘Male mosquitoes never (bite) humans! 7 ‘Tebras normally (eat) all day’ 8 ‘That lion (not hunt), Why?” ‘Male lions (oot usually / hunt) Marks. /10 Complete the dialogue. Use the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs below and the ‘words in brackets. s= change (x2) = do = gives leave = mean = seems think Jake Do you see that? What" (that chameleon)? Mike it? colour. Oh wow. It was ‘green. Now i's purple! Jake Why? (chameleons) colour? Mike They mainly use colours to communicate Jake What message* {you that ones us right now? Mike Darkercolours ¢ (Usually) itsanary. Jake Well thot chameleon? very angry, Its now black! Mike Oh dear We® now, OK? Sorry for bothering you! aes Complete sentence b so that it has a similar meaning tosentence a. 1. a Doyou want to go to the concert? b She suagested 2 a Ithink might dye my hairred. b Imconsidering 3 a Buying these shoes was a mistake, b tregret 4 a Packing a swimsuit is essential. b Don't forget 5 a Buying designer brands isnt compulsory, b Youdanit need 6 a Why don't youwear a belt with that? bty 7 a Itlooks like clothes are getting cheaper. bb Clothes seem. 8 a Imgetting a piercing when |turn 18 b Idecided Marks. /8 e_/50 Review1 15 Si_O/li ~ ISSR SP ES. Travellers’ tales Reading and vocabulary The power of tourism 1 SPEAKING Work in small groups. What do most people do on holiday? Agree on the three most typical activities from the list below. sfind out about local communities m learn a new language m make new friends m eat local fr € Public transport m buy local crafts m help with conservation projects m relax by the pool mtr to save water m get a good suntan a read a good book 2. Read the definition of responsible tourism. What things in exercise 1 would a responsible tourist do? Then read the text. Why is Guludo Lodge a good example of responsible tourism’? Responsible tourism (n) Travel that does not harm the cultural or natural environment. Itcan improve the life of local people and help protect the environment, the 3. Read the text again and put the event: correct order. Education and health projects changed people's lives, Acharity was set up to help locel people. Amy completed her stucies at college. She worked in a school for free. ‘Amy and Neal decided to use tourism to help people, Theie work was recognized by the tourist industry. They founda place for their lodge. Jobs were created for people in the village. 4. Answer the questions. 1. What gave Amy the idea to help people through tourism? 2. Why did Amy and Neal decide to go to Mazambique? 3. What helped Amy and Neal to achieve their dream? 4. In what ways did the new beach lodge help local people? 5. How can you get to Guludo Lodge? What can you see and do there? 7 What does the word ‘nema’ mean? 5. SPEAKING Discuss the que: 41 What do you think about Amy and Neal's achievements? 2. In what other ways can we be res Think about: show you get to a holiday destination s= what you use when you are there. ®= what you do when you are there. what you leave behind. what you bring back. sible tourists? MMMM 16 Travellers’ tales A ROAD LESS TRAVELLED ‘Amy Carter-James is small, blue-eyed and blonde, with a ‘iendly smile, She doesn't look like she could change the lives of thousands of people but, remarkably, she has, Ital started when Amy took a gap year in Africa ‘after she finished university. I spent eight months volunteering in a very poor rural schoo! in Kenyé,” she says. ‘That was the first time | saw poverty, ‘was so young and so easly inspired and | thought, “Why can't tourism do the same thing for community 40 development?’ ‘On her return to England, twenty-two-year-old Amy ‘and her boyfriend Neal decided to take ‘the road less traveled’. They drove across Mozambique, one of the poorest countries in Afica, butt wasn't exactly a holiday. Mozambique had two qualities which appealed to them: great potential as a travel destination and local people who desperately needed help. Once there, the couple’ ‘and headed {for Quirimbas National Park, where they found a tiny » stretch of white sand close toa village called Gulude. Life in Guludo was hare: there was itle clean water and Nt enough food. Healthcare was poor and people in ~ the vilage had a life expectancy of thity-eight years. ‘Amy and Neal had no quaifications in tourism or 2» healthcare but they had common sense, enthusiasm and determination. They talked tothe vilagers about their plan to create a smal beach resort which would provide ‘employment for people and lift families out of poverty “We took a transiator with us, says Amy. ‘Their only a» question was: ‘When can you star?" —————__——— — —__ee ae A EO" See Vocabulary: compound nouns: tava rave types of jouney ‘Spealkings discussing idea holdays, memorable journeys; persuading veterans aro egetong 2A yetenses Writing: astry SS Mi Ue) SS WE ES Le ‘The couple set to work on a beach lodge, building beach huts from local materials and employing people from the surrounding area. Once the lodge was complete, they set up a chartable foundation called NEMA, which received 5% of its revenue. This money was used to create clean water points, fund healthcare projects, bull ‘two primary schools and support conservation projects = ithelped to improve the lives of thousands of people. ‘We wanted to show the world the power of tourism, that it could be a vehicle for change,’ says Amy. It ant easy to get to Guludo. it's not a typical package i holiday wih apr pick-ups and drop-off. Therisno public transpor, either. The nearest city is Pemba and once there, you have to take a helicopter, a boat or go. on tesa car our along bumpy roads. Bi -( Guluda Lodge is warth the effort. Today the lodge has nine ‘bandas’, or beach huts, with beautiful sea views. “fora 30 overpriced san spe ahd tier ia traps. I's the perfect place to econ and Visitors can = explore Ibo island with a tour guide, go scuba diving or observe African wildlife at the Mogandula Bush Lookout. But the highlight for many is Getting tOlknOW! [BSODIS in the village, takingipartin festivals and learning about NEMA's work. ‘People who stay with us often come for the diving or the beach,’ says Amy, ‘but i's the communities that really blow them away. People like Amy and Neal believe that the tourist industry can do much good in the world and Guludo Lodge is leading the way, winning many awards for its responsible tourism. Back in the village, people are talking about NEMA. In the local dialect, it's a word with a special meaning. ‘Is dificult to explain,” says Amy, “put it means that king of hope that accompanies the end of sutfering.” a } 2now primary schools 150 secondary school scholarships £800 primary schoo! meals 8,000 mosquito nets [EEE Compound nouns: travel 6 Match the words in A to the words in B to make compound nouns. Then check your answers in the text. ‘A mbeach w national m package m public m tourist tours travel destination = guide m holiday m parks resort trapm transport Read the text. Then replace the phrases in italics with compound nouns in exercise 6. The world’s highest rubbish dump tone ofthe mest fous panes in the word and thousands ot peor have ben tere. But ks "place fora hfidy bythe sea and you can use a regular bus or tan sence o ge there is. an organized holy hom a travel agent, with the usuel shops that se ovepiced souvent athe Sprsan who shows toursts around ‘ill probably be a sherpa Asa place for holly makers it's pretty unusual ~ i's Mount Everest, Everest is part of a “protected area offendin Neral. Many endangered spaces ive thee, suchas snow leopards ard ack bears, but the park and hase animals are _sufering, Te problems rubbish Ear yar, hundreds of cimbos lave rubbish = % ‘onthe mountain everything from food cans to ‘ongen onde and even ridges! A group ‘of climbers do regular clean ups, but there is til more than a hued tones of ‘waste collet. Even the word's highest meunisin can't escape the ‘negative impact of tours! Fo | Travel 8 Complete the descriptions with the correct form of the verbs below. Then check your answers in the text. escape m get off get to know m seem soak up a take take pati When we go away, we lke to" the beaten tack, away from the usual tourist destinations. That's the point of a holiday from the crowds and have an adventure Hike to ® time out, ie on the beach, read a {900d book and the sun.The weather isn't {great at hore, so I never usually sunbathe, ‘My family lke to > quided tours and activities —we always ® the sights. Last year, | tied snowboarding with my brother was fun because we some local people and made new friends. 9 SPEAKING Workin pairs. Which description in exercise 8 is your idea of a good holiday? reasons for your answer. PEELE Types of holiday page 135 Travellers’tales 172B = Grammar and listening Memorable journeys E NTIC CHALLENG ane world’s toughest ace PRO ct clea ER ecole rhe one ie you Pole) enough to compete? ry yg Pe asda chee rare Ce 1 SPEAKING Read the advert for the Atlantic challenge and discuss the questions. 1. What type of event is it? 2 What might the challenges be? 3. Ifyoutook part in the event, who would you choose as your rowing partner? your best friend m= your mum / dad m your teacher = someone famous 2. Read part 1of the story. Who was supposed to be Daniel's rowing partner? What happened? What do you think happened next? Part | Dal Meera alr ert ere ear petret ce senee eer ten eeerte nese es a cup of tea and looked out of the kitchen window. *t was raining and cold outside ~ not good | peer eee ene eth a ee eee eer “There was a message rom heron, Cane, and it west good news. “atthe time, 21-yarold Darel Se Eropatng espe tie Anti Salar ea wt eft Ure etl eeu ut IS ae ec Wren ie elo aa he craft le ane a Tila lie secant gt Fees let rey ue SE The boat was very small and the race was long, so it also had to be someone he could get on with. ian phoned her son and asked him what had happened, Then “while |an was suggesting solutions, Daniel interrupted her [reckons 3 Read part lof the story again. Then match sentences 1-7 to rules a-g. We use the past simple for: a apaststate b apast habit a sequence of actions in the past. We use the past continuous for d background descriptions. @ anaction or actions in proaress ata specific time in the past. We use the past simple and the past continuous for: longer action interrupted by a shorter action We use the past perfect for: 4g anaction of event that happened before another action in the past Workbook page 106 Pooeeeere 4 Complete part 2 of the story with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Then answer the questions. 1. Who did Daniel ask and why? 2 Why did they agree? 3, What was good / bad about the joumey? WWMM 1s Travellers’ talesrow) in her life, but she was very adventurous, The prev Chinese in Taiwan, then she had gone backpacking round the world on books and music for entertainment. They 3k friends to write them letter oems, $0 they had something to open during the difficult days ahead be. The rowing was tiring, they could 'twash and they were constantly soaked with salt wat ted t ere were terri up, but there were also go le they to know each other ¢ Inthe end, the journey take) 101 days ~ two months longer than the winners 9 the race. Jan and Daniel thought that everyone ™ forget) about them, Bu when they attived in Batbados, people ™ [wait) on boats to greet them. Everyone 5 (cheer) ant nusic and fireworks. People wanted SS SSN . Sa SEN Biss 6 [9)106 Listen again. Put the events in the correct order, then retell their story. Use the words and phrases below. before (the expedition) m by the time (they avec) m first hen ile w when min the end sn and Daniel thought about giving up hey leamed how to use a gur They went on a course to learn survival ski s followed their blog posts, hey had a bad accident hey were ready to start the expect an suffered from frozen hi hey broke another world rec 7 Choose the correct answers. 1 Jan and Daniel had been / were on ar 2. Before they left, they were starting / started a blog about their expedition. 3 ause they had trained / trained for 4 polar bear had attacked / attacked another team, 5 One ofthe tents that they brought /had brought burnt, 6 7 8 .dventure together before the polar challeng They packed up their remaining tent, then carried on / were carrying on with th Halfway through their journey, they realized that they hadn't packed / didn't pack enough food, they had raised / raised a lot of money for charity By the time they reached the 8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about a memorable journey you have had. Use the ideas below. Think about: where you wer what you did / saw on the journey what you had read / done before w you were feeling before, during and afte your journey what you thought about the journey. who you travelled wit Travellers’tales 19 SI2C ® Listening, speaking and vocabulary One journey, different travellers | 1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. What are the differences between these travellers? Where do they ‘normally spend their holidays? What are the prosand cons of each type of travel? s armchair travellers staycationermadventule tourist = globetrotting backpacker m holidaymaker Identifying purpose ‘When you listen to people talking, try and identify the purpose of the conversation. Listen for 1 the context, How many people are speaking? Who are they? Where are they? = how the speakers feel Are they angry, happy, bored, interested, worried? = why they ate speaking: to make an arrangement / give an opinion / give instructions / make suggestions, ete 2 (1107) Read the strategy. Li speaking? Why are they callin fen to the radio show. Which of the travellers in exercise 1are ? 36 1 Luca *) 1.07. Listen again and match each speaker 1-4 with two sentences a-h, 2. Noah 3 Kattina 4 Jed a likes to visit places that aren't popular F disapproves of people on package tours. bb says travelling is hard work. g is aware of the environmental impact of thinks typical tourist holidays are boring. travel d finds out about places on a computer fh doesnt lke to go away for along time. €@ likes to tell stories about his / her travels. [0] types of journey 4. Study the highlighted words in sentences 1-7. Then match them to defin 1 Last summer, | went ona if through the Alps. Jalso went on a ten-day HBR around Antarctic, whale watching 2 3. Imnot an explorer. ve never been on a pol BRB. 4 also prefer short ffs or weekends away to local places. 5 6 7 A Mi to Thailand would produce a lot of COs They goon coach Bs which stop off at popular tours attractions. They go on planned BREUISIANsco crowded museums a journey by air. bb Along journey which soften scientific € Ajourney in aship ora spacecreh. 4. A dificult walk lasting several days or weeks, @ Traveling from place ta place with an organized group. fA short outing to one place for pleasure 9. A short or long journey for business or pleasure 5 SPEAKING Work in pairs A and B. Choose a role card and prepare a dialogue between a travel agent and a tourist. Student A ‘Student B Youare a travel agent. Thinkabout what visitors ‘can see and do in your town, Decide which activities and places would appeal to diferent types of tourist Listen to Student 8, then aive advice about what they can see and do, BI 20. Travellers’ tales You are a tourist. Tell student A what you want from your holidey and what type of activites you enjoy. Askthern for advice about what you can see and do,Jogging Tours Join us as we quide you through 2,000 years of history on London's most exiting sightseeing tour. Our {km running tour stops off at many ‘of London's most famous sights, Such as Trafalgar Square, the London Eye, Big Ben and the Houses of 6 SPEAKING Workin pars. Read the adverts Which tour of London would you like to try? Give reasons for your answer. EAST END EXPLORER ‘An insider tour of East London. Discover: colourful street art down tiny | [C side stests Fascinating shops, inluding London Movie Tour Vest diferent film locations in and around London's best record store London, See locations for The Dark Kright the story behind Brick Lane, pean Sse Bo pepeencevordanina | Spialfis Marktandmere |The gue Utimatum Petes of ee ‘mtmatlesrsnetiyvay book | We pina yous lutof | Sry nore Our gues 0 city Jogging Tour nov re 8 a a eee 2nourtour £2) 5 HOUR TOUR £27 10 " 7 (11.08 Listen to a dialogue between a tour guide and two tourists. Which tour in exercise 6 are they talking about? How does the tour guide persuade them to join the tour? 8 [9)1.08) Complete the phrases from the dialogue. Then listen again and check. Persuading and negotiating Reaching agreement Ifyou... ll give you Well, you've § me. You've got ™. sonoma 088, ONG TES en ee font That sounds... but ... Tm not so®. «| still think You wort be4 9 () 1.09 Put the dialogue in the correct order. Then listen and check. Nick OK, but I still think we should go on a tour, Look, here's another one. Its called East End Explorer and there's a local person asthe tour guide Fran _ Hmm, | prefer to explore things on my own. its more fun and you get to meet local people. Nick Why don't we go on a tour? Fran We've got a free morning tomorrow. What shall we do? Nick _ Yes, and you can go shopping, too! Fran That sounds interesting but the weather forecast isrit great and | dott fancy running in the rain. Nick Maybe, but we haverit got much time and a touris a good way to see the sights quickly dont you agiee? Look, here’ a leaflet fra city jogging tour. Fran OK, youve persuaded me! Let’ book it. Nick Great! You wont regret it Fran Sowe would get to know local people Read the dialogue again. Underline more ways of persuading and negotiating, and reaching agreement. SPEAKING Work in pairs A and B. Choose one of the tours in exercise 6 and persuade your partner to go with you. Student A You are very sporty and lke to be active. You also lke visiting famous places and ticking them off your 100-things-to-see-before-your dle'list. You think the idea of a jogging tour Is great It'salso cheap and you dont want to spend loads of money. Persuade your friend. Student B Youare rally interested in fm and think the film tour sounds amazing, I's expensive, but -youte wiling to pay because its a’once-in- a-lfetime' experience. Your fiend isnot that interested in fim, theyd rather go jogging. But they do want to see the sights Persuade thern. Travellers'tales 211 SPEAKING Look at the photos and discuss the questions. Then read the text and check your ideas. 11 What type of places do the photos show? 2. What other things might you see along the road? Think about natural and man-made attractions. 2. Read the text again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false ones. 1 Rou West coast Th Unusual weather conditions caus BS corinecis the Epst Constr canes emt id made life eas for people in big cities. the great 4 Inthe California Inthe 1940s, the road was given a new name. The road became popular because of its tourist attiactions. 0s, it was easy for farmers to find work in 3 SPEAKING Are there any famous routes in your country? What are the most popular tourist attractions? Are they connected to any historical events? ‘Verbs + prepositions: travel 4 Choose the correct prepositions. Then check your answers in the text. 1 It was getting dark so we headed with / for the nearest motel and booked a room for the night. 2 We followed the path and it led us to / fora srnall river, deep in the forest. 3 The interstate highway connects to / along Route 66 at Williams, Arizona, 4 When we came to the crossroads, we decided to travel around / down the road to California 5 Toget to the service station, you have to drive along / with the main road and turn left 6 The road winds around / for mountains and lakes. The views are spectacular. 7 We were late, so we cut down / through the park Perera ed 5. Study sentences 1-5 in The Mother Road. Then. complete the rules with used to, would or the past simple. a Weuse or for repeated paast actions or habits that do not happen now. b Wecanalso use or the past simple tense for states (= state verbs) in the past, that have change or are diferent now. © Wecantt use or when something only happened once. PCE EEE ey Workbook page i MEM 22) Travellers’tales 2D = Culture, vocabulary and grammar America on the move 1920s in the early 19206, life in Midwest America wae very J different. 'People didn’t use to travel much because | there were no highways near the small towns — 2a trip to LA would usually take weeks. But in 1926, things started to change thenks to a new road called | Route 66, This new road opened up the American ‘West to hundreds of thousands of people. Agricultural communities that used to be isolated sarted to grow and develop into towns. Farmers were also able to sell their produce to big cites. 1930s In the Mic1950s, hard times retumed. America was suffering from the Great Depression and across the country, milins of people were out of work. In the Midwest, severe drought conditions and. dust storms destroyed farmland and thousands of families were forced to leave their homes. They headed for California, along Route 6, where, they had heard there were agricultural jobs. Unfortunately, the mother road ted them to shanty towns* outside towns and cities, where they livediin terrible poverty. Route 66 became associated with the pain and misery of this great migration.1940s-1950s “When the Great Depression came to an end after World War I, there was a new age of optimism and thousands moved from East to West, looking fora better life. People had more free time and many ‘owned cars. *Families wouldn't stay at home during hoildays. instead, they would drive along Route 66 to the beaches of California, visting the Grand Canyon and other attractions along the way. Itwas boom: time for the road and hundreds of diners, motels and service stations lined the route. Billboards and huge statues tempted tourists to stop at man-made and, natural attractions, such as the giant Blue Whale in ‘Oklahoma or the Meramec Caverns in Missouri. Then jazz musician Bobby Troupe wrote the hit song Route 66. The mother road had a brand new image - one of freedom and fun, 1956-present day ‘As more people travelled from East to West, 2 newer, bigger toad was needed and work began ona national interstate highway. Sadly, the towns. and attractions along Route 66 began to die out. Then in the 1990s, people started campaigns to preserve the old road, new signs were put up and tourists began to travel down it once again. Today, the mother road still offers an ‘amazing journey through the American West. Whether you want the freedom of the open road, a trip into the past, or simply a greasy burger from an all-American diner, you can still’get your kicks" on Route 66° *highways=rrain roads in America sual 8lares wide * shanty towne = ere outside 8 town winere poor people Wein homes made to! cardboard and wood * get vourkcks =have a good time 2D 6 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets and used to or would. Sometimes both. ‘may be possible. WILLIAMS, ARIZONA ‘Williams, Arizons, on Route 66, 1s a small town. 60 miles from the Grand Canyon National Park ‘Today, the town is a popular tourist attraction, with steam train rides and Route 66 memorabilia. But in the past, life * (be) very different in Williams, Arizona, In 1882, 250 people? (ive) in Wiliams ‘The town had a few dirt streets with log cabins and tents and everyday life? (be) very dangerous. Cowboys * (often / have) ‘gunfights’ in the streets and outside the town. outlaws * (often / rob) stagecoach passengers or travellers on horseback. Day-to-day life was hand, too. Back then, there 3 (not be) a schoo, so children % (stay) at home. They * (help) their parents to milk cows, collect, wood and grow vegetables. They ® (not play) much because there were so many chores to do. When they dld have free time, families ‘A (entertain) themselves with picnics in the forest, violin musie, or simply reading aloud from a book. 7 SPEAKING Write sentences using used to or would about life in your town in the past. Think about houses and horn transport: how people got ar free time and entertainment. everyday li Travellers’tales 23 IEi “NN AP SS A Do: /B.. ing Astory © 2 What type of traveller would go there? + 3. What adjectives would you use to describe these places? 2. Read about a competition from a travel magazine. Then read extracts A-D from four competition entries. Match them to photos 1-4. Travellers’ Tales Writing Competition Tht Toles, Send in tales of your weird or wonderful journeys and you might pee Rege eee een eee ee fm “Tne Australian Outback her ig place Kenton search ee oul ee Pine wo state ca again pute engine ied Tots feel ex What owe onov?' He vas sata 0 pam ‘ist wai opted Bt roby omnes rou here ond Geri hve one bate of water Look replied ane, "onto, OR? Lt just tops some comes ao. re noted te Shai sgn afew hundred ¢} a htlow much?" I asked, TE was reining hard as we dove prema on holiday. pointing to the bottle of along Route 66. It was late and we were there water. “10 rupees’ replied we were tired and looking for a we took a trip to the ‘the street vendor, smiling. | place to stop. we rainforest, to take photos T gave him a couple of saw some neon lights ahead. of monkeys and exotic polis, then svalned Baek, ‘They belonged to a motel, so binds. Sounds like a typical ‘towards the platform, just we decided to take a break. The travellers tale, doesn’t intimeoseemy tain) motel cafe was deserted The ie But int eave the station. ‘Hey!” waitress behind the counter ‘everything went smoothly. Tyaled as Fran after looted up, but she didnt smile, | ackpuehs were packed ‘it, pushing through the “We're out of pancakes and ‘cameras were ready and crowds of people. But it files? she said as she handed us vas too late ER fhe menu but cn do alla we aes set te the platioeny, the lamburger’ We were eating our | ang oe rere Fomiee peste hamburgers, a motoryele «evel metres down the road. We rarig ‘itl my backpack, Thad, ‘gang stopped outside. Time to ovaries Rend wood Wwanis Merce seer, Teme ‘move on; I thought, but the rain Creek 20k, We could walk | Sf0P Was Delhi atleast an ) was getting worse. SHRUG, the Se Brera Bake edd Mh) byhs wert our Tree ther in time? the guide arrived on time driving along a narrow track deep into the forest that’s when we saw i STRATEGY Starting a story When you write a story, your opening sentence should grab the reader's attention and get them interested. Start with: 1 a quote from a character inthe story, that introduces a main event 2. adescription ofthe weather, the time of day and how you were feeling It establishes the atmosphere 3. a description ofthe location, especially if i's unusual Try not to start wi 4 when the event happened, ke Lasts A few weeks ago, The year before last... etc. But if you do, make it interesting by adding something surprising, 3 Read the strategy. Then read extracts A-D again and match them to 1-4in the strategy. Which story do you think will be the most interesting? Why? ME 24° Travellers’talesOrme 4. Complete 1-4 with the highlighted words and phrases in extracts A-D. 1 Start ofa sequence of events: In the beginning, To start with, 2 Show how a story moves on: A few minutes later, Just then, 3 Show that two events happen at the same time: As, 4 End ofa sequence of events: in the end, Finally 5. Workin pairs. Discuss what happens next in each story A-D, 6 Read the rest of story A. Were your ideas similar or different? we were stil walking. a ‘weld felt confident, i wold run out of water, Our road trip round Australia was turning, in the holiday rom hel. The sun was hot and we stopped talking and just walked. Then? something hopped onto the rcad ahead. It asa red kangaroo, about two meters tl we got closer it didn't ‘move, it ust sal there looking at us. ‘Don't show that you'e afraid,’ | said, as we carefuly took detour around it. There was something strange ‘We carried on walking, but a few kilometres later Jez had had enough. Wee never going to get out of her,'ne complained we heard a distant ‘buzzing noise. ‘Look!’ | cried excitedly. There inthe distance was an old red truck, speeding, down the road. * it reached us and stopped, end a farmer jumped fu. What are you boys doing here?" he asked ‘is that your car back there?’ “Yes, it's.” Well, youre lucky’ he interrupted, ‘Don't use this road ‘much, but we're looking for a kengaroo, a sick tne and nasty ~ it allacked the dogs on the farm about it this morning.’ | iooked at Jez and he looked ‘at me. ‘Get in, the farmer added. We did, of course. It was a long time before we visited the Outback again. 7 Complete the story in exe than one possible answer. 6 with the words and phrases below. There might be more eventually = two hours laterm finally m at frst m after @ while m suddenly as mjust then OD ers cue a a Ry Zoey) Task Write your own entry forthe travel competition. ll Write Write your stor help you. Use the paragraph plan to I Ideas Brainstorm ideas for your story. Think of questions beginning with Who / Why / What / Where / When. Then answer them. Decide how you are going to start your story. Use the strategy to help you. I Check Check the following points: ‘Does the story startin an interesting way? Is there a variety of adjectives and adverbs? 1m Isthe story divided into logical paragraphs? Does the sequence of events make sense? = Have you checked grammar, vocabulary, spelling and punctuation? IM Plan Decide which ideas you are going to use and ‘match them to these paragraphs. Paragraph 1: Begin your story in an interesting way. Introduce the mein characters), the place and the type of journey. Paragraph 2: Develop the story, describing the events. in the order that they happened. Use the words and phrases in exercise 710 help you, Paragraph 3: Bring your siory to an end, Did anything happen to end your journey? Did someone help you continue it? Did anything funny, strange, scary happen? Travellers’tales 25Vocabulary 11 Workin pairs. Study the highlighted words in the extract from the text on page 17. What part of speech are all the words? STRATEGY Using a dictionary to find compound words /Acompound isa word made up of two or more words. The meaning ofthe compound words ferent from the meaning of its individual pats. Compounds can be wartten as one word ora separate words sometimes hyphenated). ‘Agood dictionary wil tell you how to write them. The most common compounds in the English language ae compound nouns. Typical compound noun ‘combinations are 1 noun-+noun 2 adjective + noun 3 noun-+verb 4 verb + preposition 2. Read the strategy above. Then match the highlighted compound nouns in exercise 1to types 1-4in the strategy. 3. Study the dictionary entry for tour. How many compound nouns does it list? What types of ‘compound nouns are they? tour fst; xe noun 1 [Cou (ol round ‘oud th oun) at you ae fr plu {vay Conc oor ot/ncund Sond + oSahtee- ing tbr» four opertor (= a peson or company {at organics tout) note attra 21s Sho ‘sound oly famous bul, 0 gilded tour rnd St ou Cr 4 Complete the sentences with compound nouns from the dictionary entry in exercise 3. 1. We were taken ona ‘around the ‘museum and leamed alot about the various pieces ofart 2 Wedidn't enjoy the because we sat inone place for too long and there was no space to stretch our legs. 3 During the ‘we saw the most important monuments in the city. 4 We normally book our holiday with a because they arrange everything for us MMMM 26 Vocabulary insight 2 5. Read the strategy above. Study the iT a fmm om sight 2 Using a dictionary: compound nouns [| stnare< Word order in compound nouns The frst word in a compound noun is lke an object, and itis usually in the singular, even it has a plural meaning For example: holidays that schools have = schoot holidays (not schools holidays) nary entries for resort and holiday. Then complete the sentences with the correct singular or plural form of the compound nouns. resort jz! nun (a place where elo of Deep go toon dy o see nr © ote holiday foe roun 4 mE vacation) (Cla et rom mrt or at ten when yu ‘ects Rls ths ea» a Do So yu goer n your nena?» Mr Pi fit here tw. Hay onlay. In ‘ig 16 tae wed’ bly in Nay and peed Erne the scoala sume hl dp BC) a day of rest when mary people on oto wor hoo, ee ten for eligouho Pane BP eeitestions Newt Mendoy 9 haley © New Years Bayi bank aay ain. resorts on the beach holidays in the summer months a resort where skiers go a holiday during Christmas a resort by the seaside waune Match the words in A to the words in B to make ‘compound nouns. Check your answers and the ‘A s holiday m school m travel = theme m guide B sm parkmresort mbooks holiday ® agency Complete the sentences with the compound nouns In exercise 5. 1 We always buya to read about the places we're travelling to. 2. Myclass went toa last week. Everyone had a great time and we tried all the rides, 3 The we booked our holiday with specializes in coach tours abroad. 4 I cant wait for the homework for six weeks! 5 The we stayed in last time didr'thave any sports facilities, so we decided to go somewhere else this year tosstart. No Dictionary entries fom Oxford Wordpower Dictionary, 4th editionCeecriny 11 Match the words in A to the words in B to make compound nouns. Then use the compound nouns to complete the sentences. ‘A e national m package ® public = tour B sdestination = guide s holiday m trap = park transport 1. Thomas Cook invented the fist ‘and accommodation in 1841 2 Disneyland, Paris, s Europe's most popular 3 The first kind of was the ferry boat. travel w tourist with travel 4 Polar bears live in the world’s biggest in Greenland 5. Before becoming an author, John Steinbeck worked asa 6 The souvenir shop in the museum was a real ‘everything was overpriced. Marks 6 2 Complete the collocations with verbs. 1 We prefer to off the beaten track 2 We time out from school 3 Ilovero up the sun on the beach. 4 Ityto to know the local people. 5. We explore the area and the sights. 6 ‘liketo. the crowds and go somewhere cel ae Marks ....16 3 Complete the sentences with the words below. Use each word only once. s expedition might m tour mtrek m trip = voyage 1519-1522 | Magellan led the first sea* round the world. the 1700s | Art and history? sof Europe became fashionable forrch young people. 1903 | The Wright brothers made the fist 2 inan aeroplane. 1st ‘Machu Picchu was rediscovered. Now thousands of walkers goon * s there every year. 17 Roald Amundser’s reached the South Pole, using boats, dogs and horses today | Ashort day® from London to Edinburgh and back takes less than a dey. Marks /6 4 Complete the text with the correct prepositions. “Tumleft here and head 1. allyigg. Drive 2 this road for 10 km. it winds... fields ‘and plainsand cuts‘... avalley. Keep going until the road connects? the B105. Go east here, and ‘the road will eventually lead you® Marks. /6 5 Complete the text with the past simple, past continuous, or past perfect form ofthe verbs in brackets. Include a time word where given. In April 2012, Laura Debier (Become) the youngest person ‘to sail around the worl, Journalists *_._ (hum) to interview ner fs soon as she (complete) her vooge. The steen year old 4. st / spend) 518 days at sea, so at the time ofthe interviews she > (fel) quite tredt But she © (5a) she was very nappy. Just before Laura fished her journey, she 7. (celebrate) her siteenth bithday ~ by eating doughnuts for breakfast While she ®..... (rave), she also... (pend) time suring, iri, and playing the ute, She explained that he fut was easier to play than a guitar wile svong winds "©... (low)! Marks /10 6 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple, past continuous or past perfect form of the verbs below. salieady leave m climb = download s lie listen s lose snot go m take 1 They ‘maps fiom the intemet yesterday. 2 This time yesterday | ‘on the beach, 3 Iwas place that | to before. 4 Thecoach when Lartived, 5 We. ppart in a tour. Then we went shopping. 6 When the plane landed they to music. 7 broke my leg while | the mountain, & She was upset because she her passport. Marks /8 x Complete sentence b so that it has a similar ‘meaning to sentence a. Use between two and five words, including one of the words in brackets. 1a Wehad a daly swim in the sea. (would / use) b We in the sea every day 2 a My first meeting with Alice happened last summer (met / meet) b I fist last summer. 3a Wewent to the beach resort every summer (use / would) b We every summer 4 a. The idea of responsible touris'isnew. (use / wouldn't) bb The idea of responsible tourism exist 5 a 2012was the year of my holiday to Per. (used /went) b In201 Peruon holiday. 6 a Travelling by coach wasa regular habit of ours. (ould / dict) b by coach 7 a Iveonly just started to enjoy family holidays. (would /0) bi family holidays 8 a Were you keen on camping when you were young? (use/ used) b tke camping when you were young? Marks. /8 Review2 271,40" Listen and match speakers 1-4 to options A-E. There is one option that you do not need. Which speaker's holiday: A did not have good facilities? B was quite expensive? C did the speaker not book ahead? D was very relaxing? E does the speaker regret taking? Work in pairs. Lookat the photos of different holiday accommodation. Speculate about where these places might be, why people might choose to stay in them and what a stay might be like. Work in pairs and follow the instructions. 1. Each choose different photo from exercise 2. Imagine you are planning @ holiday with your partner. Try to persuade him / her to choose your ‘accommodation. 2. Negotiate a compromise with your partner, Agree a place to stay, but make sure both of you feel happy! Complete the text House swapping with sentences AH. A Fistly, there are the profiles B They cost afortune! Luckily, she seemed to like what we'd written, 100, D Bythe time my boyfriend came home from his Saturday job, it was spotless. E Well yes and no. It isnt for everyone, F A fat above an all-night bar didn't make the list either. G What ifthey make 2 mess? H Thanks to them, we discovered a wonderful jazz café anda roller disco! 28 Cumulative review Units 1-2 SUADDING, z= ‘1 by Annie Toase It was the night before my holiday and I was already exhausted. I'd just spent the whole day frantically cleaning the flat... I'd even dusted the lights! ‘My easier-going otter half found my efforts very amusing. ‘Aren't holidays meant to be relaxing?" he asked, We'd joined HouseBxchange.com a few weeks ago, when we'd been searching for cheap holidays online. Package holidays were out of the question. ? Tm student nurse and Max is a musician, so money is tight. But HouseExchange.com allows you to stay {in someone's home in a beautiful tourist destination for free! So what's the catch? Well, while you're away, strangers will be staying in your home. ?.... Or laugh at your bad taste in furniture? The worries, don’t end there. What if you don't like their home? It's important to choose your house swap with care! HouseExchange.com is a bit like a dating service in ‘two respects. *... Everyone has to write one of these in order to ‘sell’ their home and neighbourhood. Secondly, site users are often quite fussy! After all, few of us want to swap with just ‘anyone’.For this reason, I'm afraid I rejected the home of a charming middle-aged couple, who had a rules list that was thirty pages long! Ieven dismissed an exquisite house in the heart of Paris ‘which you can share with my pet snakes’ — for obvious reasons, However, Rika's Berlin flat looked stylish and clean in the photos ~ and Rika herself sounded refreshingly ‘normar'!® At least, she sounded very positive! think the house-swap worked out well for all of us. ‘We admired Rika's amazing collection of art and she said she loved our stylish ‘retro’ furniture (I think she was being kind ~ we bought it second-hand because it was choap!), ‘As well as all the benefits of staying in a home-from- ‘home, house swapping is a great way to fee! like a local on holiday. Many of Rika's neighbours said ‘nelio’, and recommended places to visit. 7 Neither were mentioned in the guidebook, so we felt like real ‘explorers’ Would I recommend it? *......Being open-minded is amust and yes, you do have to he prepared to do quite a bit of housework before you travel! But as a ‘way to travel for virtually nothing, you can’t beat it. EEN Wortccck anes and the el chon he corsa sarin, Paris rung i talons Faas a cnaees their ' , modern style and effortless ‘elegance, Other tourists immediately * for the museums and art galleries, especially ire gcusnng -allee Guna pn ary gnioy spending their time relaxing and soaking cities, Paris can * i. en ee at your stay, why not attend our ‘Polyglot Pic a We 5. this free event every Sunday ‘at 3 p.m., for visitors who ® for Jengunge exchange, food and fun. You can Breat way to ® to know people there's no need to be ®. Noone. welcome. We ®, ‘a small group. Paice Gey Gator Wehoge panied ee oes lag aimee eae 1a chic b vintage ¢ trim 2 a head b Journey travel 3a with b on cup 4a tobe b be © being 5 a acholding —_b held © hold 6 a liketolook —_b look ¢ arelooking 7 a listen b escape € joinin Ba take b oet © become 9 a sty b modest. sensitive 10 a werebeing sb wouldbe —¢-usedtobe Imagine you are joining HouseExchange.com. Write a profile for the website. Include information about: you (your name, where you live, your personality and interests). your home (this can be your real home or an imaginary one), your neighbourhood or town and what visitors can see and do there. your ideal holiday with HouseExchange (where you ‘would lke to go and why). ‘Cumulative review Units 1-2 29is 1 k Hap, AKING Lookat the photos. Which of the things ‘make you happy? What other things make you happy? A paragraph usually has two types of sentences: a topic sentence which summarizes what the paragraph is about and detail sentences which provide more information, explanations or examples. Identifying the main ideas of paragraphs will help you to understand the key points in a text and this will help you to understand the overall message of the text. The topic sentence is usually the first, second or last. sentence of the paragraph, itis usually more general than the other sentences in the paragraph, Identify it, by comparing it to the other sentences When you find the topic sentence, turn it into a {question and check if the other sentences in the paragraph answer this question, Read the strategy. Then read the text and find the topic sentence in each paragraph. Match headings 1-6 with paragraphs A-D. There are two headings that you do not need. 1. Recharge your body and mood 2. Shortlived happiness 3 Anatural remedy 4 Can having more and more make you happy? 5 Help and be helped 6 Dowell at school and be happy Read the topic sentences again and choose the best summary of the text. a An opinion about what society should do to make people happy. b Anarticie about makes people happy. Astudy showing why people find it impossible to be happy, Answer the questions. 1. According to the text, what are the three basic needs which are essential for happiness? 2 What kind of happiness do material objects provide? 3. What does the sentence’ Happiness means you have to give and take'refer to? Give some examples. 4 What effect does exercise have on a person's mood? 5. According to the text, what happens if you do not get ‘enough sleep?! this true in your experience? 6 What do you agree with in the text? Is there anything you don't agree with? 30 Feeling good a Wondered what makes py? Why are some people d nine while others are always down in the dumps? What's the secret? Is it pots of money, good health, lovi relationships, 0} A ‘The latest World Happiness Report says that DBIOSPETIGY is not the main reason for happiness. If you suffer real hardship, you are unlikely to be happy, but ‘once your basic needs are met, money and material things become less of a RGS8S8i. Happiness depends more on recognizing the things you have and appreciating them, rather than getting more things. ‘Yes, money can buy you the latest smartphone, tablet or fashion item, and you might get a kick out ‘of the ownership of these material objects, but this enjoyment is usually short-lived. Remember all those presents you got for Christmas when you were little? ‘You were over the mean when you opened them, but not for long, A month later, they were lying abandoned at the bottom of a drawer. And have you forgotten those delicious chocolates that macle you feel really happy when you were eating them, butill after you'd finished them all? B It seems that deep, long-lasting happiness comes from intangible things rather than things like ‘chocolates and smartphones. One essential factor is human relationships. People who have the support AseS IN eee oN ENE eee Vocabulary: idioms sufines ess, ty value adverts Speaking: dicussing tips fora happy fe ghingandieacingtonews AN (Grammar: pastsimple and present perfect present perfect continuous Wilting: 3 personae SS i Ue) SS A ES Le (UIEEEETS idioms: happiness and sadness 5. Anidiomis a group of words which form an expression. The meaning is different from the literal meanings of the individual words. Study the underlined idioms in the text. Which ones are about of family members and also have strong friendships are more likely to be happy. Feeling protected and respected and knowing you can trust in the people around you is vital. But happiness means you have 35 to give and take. Performing acts of KIURIGES and happiness and which about sadness? (ENeHGSTEY on a regular basis, for example, listening, = toa friend in need or carrying a neighbour's (UIE Noun suffixes: -ness,-ity shopping, will make you feelon top of the world. 6 Putthe noun forms of the words below in the Even simple smile can work wonders. Infact, «correct part ofthe table. Then check your answers in they say that one smile makes a person feel as good the text. as eating ,000 bars of chocolate (notall at once, of m lazy wkind m necessary» prosperous mtted ‘soursel) m generous = happy sable c ‘ not surprising that health isanother key [ness “ity contributor to happiness. Poor health will certainly make you feel down in the mouth, But being healthy and staying healthy requires some effort. A healthy 7 Read the tips and choose the correct answers. diet is crucial and so is regular exercise. EGS wil rot make you happy. Exercising for twenty to thirty 50 minutes a day helps to reduce stress and anxiety and makes you feel more positive and optimistic because it releases endorphins (feel-good chemicals). So, if ‘you've been feeling blue and worrying too much about your exams, get exercising. You'llalsofind 5 that you sleep better. D Talking of sleep, do you often wake up feeling ity will make you feel good about yourself! miserable? If so, it’s probably because you haven't i up early —‘lazy / laziness will make you had enough of it. Teenagers tend to goto bed too sd / tiredness — you will feel more positive late and have to get up early, so many suffer from lack of slep. TSS il certainly afc your ety recess have more and happiness levels and put you in a badl mood. It also affects your abilf to concentrate and may slow your growth. So if you want to be happy and do, well at school, try to get at least eight hours a night. Now you know the theory, it's time to put ital into practice. Smile, everyone! more things. ?Prosperous / Prosperity isn't the key to happiness. Be *happy / happiness with what you have and who you are 8 SPEAKING Workin groups of three. Prepare list of three more tips for a happy life. Then work with % another group and select the top three tips. resent them to the rest of the class. CEE EEG ‘ceiings: intensity page 36 Feelinggood 31 I >