nent ™~ 2 Stereochemistry of Organic Compaunds 2.1 CONCEPT OF ISOMERISM ‘icon si teratcheanp apr at ne he rare react mentees sane see rat gnome hn amram Fer le ‘yiahieTs dagen ee ee come Oris ny ee ‘Shyeods edie cr pens ele ern a cae 211. Types ot nomenon Iams cf 8 ye ‘ein opt mer ete liming a ES ea a oe a= | | 2444 Strvtucal isomerism ‘Spheres ete niet eon pe: (Sela Chin oi (6) Fa onn (0 eaten orion Fenny mala see ewe Cheech. cH, cde, sgctninseton topsite own Oh om fon sua ena 8 ant eae tr a le ne, eit ctece-o8 oti amnd—— indn _usteston ner ih tet ion a ls ne eft so eet ome bs onmnee!ot nonom, Cae (9 Deter nr: rel 0) Pores Oh oaLoH cc gt Oke Jorar-or ne 0) Detector titer GE) oO (Mewes rast) Hc=ci- DCH, He-CHCHCH, ‘atone Bazere attain onc Fc era ere ti“Diy eran yal ine i ec Formal 0, etn eet fos ge e064, aon ‘oestene taint (ape tse at ele for 04 pray ieee poy ssn consn lo cucncro cuban oman om ny woe (o Sry rpc il an ity ste LF, C0, a etn nme cae ey ovina nee cn oust ‘OH,c008 cx,cooer, ‘apna Mette @ Aastha HF HO} sow cons weapon Koti, FeCgS ee we: oC Crean es we pation men (o Simian yas nd eaysi siranhanr an alate fens timer Fores, Leno wt ce . Mente Mente 2.G%-No, me cHOND Mayne cir nes wich ier ate yl rep tached on thers oe fone rapt mene cle tuner pton led mean Fceange, {eRe re tome beng mma, CO, ae EAE. CHO, — CLOGHEKCH, OH, O-CHCI, ceo Meher taper (0 Sie ene: epee aroma. CD oy, oh, <0 Sen eno on onononr canoe’ stem ‘Maer tne eeu Detyheseey pepira ten c oe e| 6) tas: Si fotos ch vt emi ih Cs > ye @ Reatgence ‘n ‘Smoochnisy of ane Canney sue rene me ren 4 i Hl < CRON = —C-0-H Hye nonce = Wen hh Shay. mide t flowing tree yor tat att h tiyt tbat, atopy ‘ek eyins mk evo na mb en a sete eicuancua ana sith oe ee peaslenemrorstrscimeeeirentare aerrmar cee ieee rch ceretden rip eetam emia siren baba manag ne ne np oe SO : : oe Ae 5 | hon whew te ‘CaN i ‘Tha. egg arged ite wang a fini stn wong) <-c<-onon ft owSwe “coh evga Nene ent eet Hib ploy ‘Aston i npn atoms re incre ery senate Tae |The to ‘scm pans at amps be nes rey whe rb Be Gy TABLE-21 Alem ith cerry Tose oy [6 Amy i oo, * Ni 227A, Fecha Projection and M&S Designation ‘Me Goma Chest Ea Fiche © 1, pep pe of pen a dling ee {tema cept ianaipeozai vi tnlcete parrots esa ‘turpentine ch chron rt ae fe per ad ‘Sete brat bt cher dt ar poe abn te pln whehe whe ere boul poet ben ep te paper A emote rap plea {ipa ma chino emcee pe ae see Ie wi CH CHOMCDOM, bra lowe ts a ape pang (Fd potion of mele may be cmv ser cl Face pec sen ay ep bats bento be cleo Te rate Vand tro geptoe alone mio 2 Gompar af ehgd) Seamed ue ae owe ony ne i or sien ne cans). tin arma ene ctane Taye ees Vd he rt cage on nor (9) bree Fc pose base in eee og 8 ston pie oe pe (ea spel oe pt Raton ta Fer wenn eter ig adr eres ur quent FON poe nou wwf “ fayee nD e tnt tes 2.741. .& S designation to Fischer projection Formate Consider n example of Deeley Ascuing w sequence me te pie fhe ow tet) ere oe lenge ‘on CHO CHO o a oo ‘Tee ej fra fr) ene de my wien se baneee eeeeeeeeeee | eo Fie pso om fw iy tna ree ple it ‘vd aay ne ay vege ein cue a on me Deere au bu fo 7 NE HC rondo” HP Denes Reenpeten (sm otis platy fame tee shorn) ‘isco 10 ghey doe wa Mee ie nd cnet Cyd Mor Bans mend. Scapa iit | serotonin fff esate ay ch . Babee H pamast — Ssnfston i ped ety par od ling ts eeaig Ore tou dette sota ey craig) becomes vets dowamard Te nats so tat the pen : cere nb tm os se (Shaan 2am nage omnes, £0008 ‘toow meee reas ome Te yh Pom ue -OoM Srainnticns Gi oe Tapert teveey eswetechngnefoe : unin tae en eben Be Scoaftion merce 2742.4 $ Designation of Compounds Containing more than One Chiral Centre Insc he RA Sete sont ah cia cen is ined separa The pcicaon of ‘han gut tbe thes ee rhe ame fe congo a led low (OLaesasign Rot) eatguatnn tute 243 in) Tri ae chil te axon 2 con 3) in is lel Las he sae tof four rug abd 0 |e -COOK, HOM ad -CHOHCOOH) The ogee of ras of ese peupe# OL, COOH, (0 coon ‘Treconguaten Cy ped flows: of - Gh. wectanges) Ne (Tas Resafgunion Sine heey hare chien om —OH-+ COOH 4 CHOHCOOH es mes COOH, te couraon ‘Treconigain Cys beige lw: ‘00H Euioncoon mon ad fal reoconig Rove Won boon (stato OO Toon wey oy fonelad Roninnytt can ed aeons te incom omni piso pee CUNO, : “ "pe Cnn amy sid awe: eh ais “to Si, EE ‘gata ole — stew oe be open he sore campus, 3) 2, clea Ul ert aang taro Facer poe formule: Deciee gcce rc ef eo sams pop ced oe ca ecto Deine eens ‘nga netngs nee potion ons Ths fl len re perl ole Rak Asi rts we fa es er pups acd te chin cae Fd he ‘origin itot ing ve nears of nso peu Te wom Gp eon ery ‘xs vee ua er dma pet a acer opin tr econ heed 8 aa, goin oa ‘rout bert om fe ety erste ston (Sremninenion ‘Te cengunti oud one RSs eon loves rete, Maps te rol pov etic poctan beef, charge RIGS Ts cnet coiguno te compound 8 _ Stenchensryl Ome Gaon 8 ‘eras penton ig oe Fe pcan en ane ong, fom 0S) 28 GEOMETRICAL ISOMERISM 2a ele ana tas ie nersn eras) rings nee seem ent ry tenn Then ‘Soeur ese abltupher secret wher copie pene rane {rept bn evra nin te werd ef le dd te ‘soreness tenon dye bl Teams fey eau esctnecahonea( thames ac melee eng Bea ‘oe ig ofa aon, he rps ated tated rons eae apc ee SVE emetic t ‘Wise xt sed teste cl ome mee he Psonec skooass geomet bouts Fran De ees 8 ane Lo OU} ee obi Soot bseeiee eh ey pete mea ee i ee twtr facture Sie tonecuee Caneeveans onary oma "concen eof te deta Tesoro Se ype BO“C a Ca hw oN Det De] ext De cn ome Crna or Crome omer: The eine fi onetime is a achcaron stom antennae hs Ha Cosi ed one thc he eases ow ha Hae 7 a meee te pps en geno pase Fea. mene te ce eer eye checks, Insc ce ssl cen ates wee.reece gman ma CHOC he Soya ernst arin oe bed Shee nape a ‘Teton afantc ai areca tan a Ma (er cemon nunca oat nates, 7 Ete cor ji ee OS, ee Ghee s ene Cree ern nace cence a beeiteermrapeererentteeicenttntet ed ‘eyecare fone cmp i choc dees ‘tml rerun bo o 7 Sod o w Connteeer ‘icon dampatns te canines ymca, sna ea e same ayes tet he ection ane geopiner teas ana at feted zGoma Zeannen oer) We gp oo ope io oe bend, the omer is (German eigepen "across. ae Nees Hier Prey ne om of igh emi abe Scns ot One omen Sa matte pn it _issemmeapammi ee mi Winccomprosttahenceectbor a fy Source he a yee aber ry en bc Heda cine pry than F Tas we ave Tanned at tS oR w Gyno ow orale Sine ehh ry gong ee he se feds band he some aes a2) ethene conan?) ene a2 Moot Teteanpand (he bit lore ep aon be opposite side oe dose onda ence seen tga ® m0 vax *@® ‘ena ef capt (Eee asset Mor tmp () Whe oss ded cat doe ead a iene the te te esx wos a ome esse pty os ae he ese as ‘Saath pray Watered th tpt frac sg te cain For su, Spe ns Cl, pupa CH i pnp atc oes 3 Tet we ity —__ 2

cl cH}, © cissisomers w Ms (H-atoms at C, and C, are lying in the same. plane ic., below the plane) ‘The structures (a) and (b) represent trans-isomers whereas the structures (c) and (d) represent cis-isomers. The: structure) (a), out of the four structures, is most stable since the two bulky substituents are im equitorial positions (non-bonded steric repulsions in the cyclohexane rings are minimum when the substituents cccupy equatorial positions). Between the structures () and (d), the structure (C) represents more stable isomer as the bulky substituent is in the equatorial position. 2.9 PROJECTION STRUCTURES OF STEREOISOMERS dimensional structures on two dimensional paper is very difficult and inconvenient. represent three-dimensional edge. The representation of three ‘Therefore, several two-dimensional projection formulae have been developed to structures. These projection formulae are: (i) Fischer (ii) Sawhorse ({ii) Newman and (iv) Flying w 2.9.1. Fischer Projection (Refer to unit 2.7.4) (282. Sawhorse Projection sawhorse Projectior The use of sawhorse projection in visualizing the chemical beh: displays the actual molecular shape in three dimensions. the two carbon atoms (chiral, prochiral or achiral) are joined, for better visualization, plane of the paper and the remaining bonds, projected iaviour of a molecule is significant because it In this projection, by a longer diagonal line which is taken to be the above and below the plane, are shown by small lines. There is normally free rotation about C-C bond and the three groups atached to one carbon may be rotated clockwise or anticlockwise with respect othe three groups attached to the other carbon atom. For example, h-butane can be represented by the following sawhorse projections (I and 11)rtm oa toner pe reponse aad ieee pen nd oe a oe 299 Newman Proection ‘no ws si eee rao jc fm Nena oni wid ‘emia or s(n" Te nm pee pendence oy ‘Stoo pee Newman actor he neg aon tr st le) Tee ed {Soran we vey sal npn wang ot joe eee se er Ferengi Seeman ojctna a ane} Cp cr-HONC oa =e ‘ewe project ofanme rome ewan poston mala rn see Ferengi aot ang me etonane a nv lw sag wi sees om) KE Fh 2.84. Fying Wedge orTree-Dimensional Representation ing wl rl puta wf amc Two Bods ofthe ca earn a he ove apne ante oe blow he pane shown eng nese Teme fe camo te ee (CHCHONCOON oe, gon PO COOH warrior yf citer Boal . ane MSO Sane couse . yi wee rf enone ot het wih neater torn eiay ne-) Te bd hae ‘nse (ata bond a may ee) mad Soctvng was tonne coe oe Dateline: ranch een berpemedy hing weg oma en a “2.10 INTERCORVERSIONS OF PROJECTION FORMULAE ‘Wie lng whe ech tes dei ate db ceri ais ‘octagon yn naa Sne ge mena of eran og £2401 Conversion of Fishe Pejecton to Sawhorse Projection and vice-versa 2101. Conversion of Facer Projection to Sawhorse Proetion ‘ie tbrmatat Fe rota congestion mean Pee Gime sacn eens tee arsoase, Cons hare ‘ten ete(sel ing eC, ppt Fahne eM eng ie ame op He td er te see ee) ee onsunt nie pretone(—-le peeps el pepentege Or) Soe ie Ta tel ea gee rm er eon 2.1032 Conversion of Fiying Wedge Representation to Fischer Projection entire econ west penta Fee tone exons Goo oon ‘COOH ae soe te < eee Pome rnnn Pept a ee ‘ion naire he COOH and pos a ple epi ie we ort de i gap ch sane ep eh tnd a Poche pens oe sue ene he Pg ity wee emetic OR max pea a rom) pan yng eg ma a wrt ae antral ihr enraged) we ‘Sitter ieee ) eat tng emer ety omni er (0 Comin of Fig wee jecin mad idFhr pstin Cees vescas Fat ain Oreo veer sor ©) cameo we oti aia i pn ; oR coon oo om) 8 ron wha, 6 neti ee) ae + Arua Fcc pn evmecconsn) ; 2.11 CONFORMATIONAL ISOMERISH 1 ifernce Between Configuration and Conformation aon: The argent oe a or ron ase ht chai erent ‘alent Freep, woof de asa ela ns tN hg fi = soem, aera vesteaig adem on ha eo res tunngcenn Smart eeciectematariomenmeg i ora stoner Cn ie ced area ton as = emer erentiner eras ei seeps esein tere er oc Cs oH, " we, ‘ oy h res (one) esere) Nemec ome wisn nore angi stn at be Dec ute every bei ‘xeervein stn Tea a bares 20am bees Oa ‘Sentient ete aon pe 2.41.2 Conformation in Saturated Acyic Compounds nse onpounse mls senate ante ofan etn ‘texters oops bn The care nt fea ery tthe ey SE ‘cea otro sto salt ver ann eter x “annette ngs pees bat ase sented ofrans ast 21121 Conformational Anatysis of Ethane arcs nt oom wing am ee ne ‘lh fs cnet nb et! yt da wae) he ek ere Potton htt tm eH ton tee sen ao ne News rin, ‘Souter nig phen Be ele neea ia : Hoo - ‘ foe x Sorta een a ‘Ssgzeeceforation Be aecere aoe staged cotermatn, wheres the conform, whet = ead clipe confront ‘etyogen ats on re caton ne Newnan econ a eed she wpb) 8 yoga e ont ton Any other ntrmesn cl shen efrainn, ‘There wand de catoncato Soplebontn ee kent ee Dato beacrnptne ‘woven th tng eto o de hyoge ston, the ele cola ane sat 34 {eatinl higher cory tan he ate cofomatin (naman whe we ey) “Theenere rege torte he moll aou carbon-carbon lon We snl MoM Feria em a tt, wy wx Q a | fle i i a Saas om mrete rene tf ts ‘Twaretcosed onsen Cam mame) oa Depron CC toda cane 1.25 onic oy ert oon ae oe taon loser Even eo ‘each heey pe of tear alec he cata od staked eo eet eh ap ne Newan cn het costa eet CH ap ete ERECT ese sane Arsen fe He C()-C)-¥ ed age aes, ‘Bases toms te Kas bene pola Fie vy rea tte etd cfr ate of hg eery and he sage cn ons ener tne th evry eernce betes hehe and \Ust142 conformations Analysis of Butane ‘nba tinted a eter imi eane The acc conf ‘TEAScn we tend ning Be phn berwer Cy andy cc ou" 8 (@rcotins eurinprtntnstormatntatutne se atecisd uc 85 ele, ‘Tee cto uing 26 Newman oman Eliettom autem soto cy The teen cfr (I and) hts! ys tino ae Sees sn ae pate hw etrmatons Tae ey ere eee Sasgurierubenmnsnsbine sO 8katmaleThrenoatl emery res Teepe meson bento! pop ew ten ny aa espa eed certs he Cr ope 2nd and seed etrmton oh ees met pops pnd ceTheta rere 6" menace woh efotnihing ipetci, wrt ade tether enomutsainevienipereinn et Bee tabi tenia accra Gace> eget Poy pd ‘Tecoma taurine BCG ae se ie eerste i -— thr —hr_shor — hr GA oni mr ee sree conte Factor inueneing contormational stabi, ‘Tun sre Teepe tence een eee ot of ae sms eng sy eka edn on Frc, ee eaten ‘So tan tggred cnferaen tn 2 Stk sa ut Yate Was ce: ut ss reign fy ogee tr fs of pon beg ce epg nd ee nin For ‘tan, oc Gr fr fran, ety ons aceon een faye iets ey ose eid si dene 2 Deedee tint ng 2 hentan, tegen ee “cand ra: ey ova om rg P28 fy rslaton ge noc ni cron le ho done ate ef cs oe ‘tecnpen2124 Conformations of Cyclohexane glibc rig mune many sips ind wy Spe yldexane moll diner typrtne ten ager Reaves eee eee noe often forms of enc ko conforma nn roton ba ceto-caton bdr show oe eee otto f cing (ee fw cetera, he te matin cefomatns (elena (Bea cetera Sat tector ow gl rae ine ete 2121.4 Relative Stablties of Chait and Boat Conformations Chir cntrmain ate nn ad mo ere cnemation This amends (Shee tom ny scam ssbb ad mee a FY hewaus Pepecion. Cie corm fete cain ts cnt of mrt 0 (0 But contoratn: Ute ch a Caco clr pace sn Newmsmte ont pes Teten nema in by ek niin Ma sniteoen ‘em go ee meme aC, Te Sete oy HD ‘tet rny ter oneal nt Gea aie camer pot (hPvat bat or sew bt frat: Cer 8 mie of amon lf we id cehnd and ieee mdi eon hay ma, (Sic Wok dom we wilndegpl rege cn sda np Seco om cnn cera os amp eae Bat nat (acti vy we ute crm a bow ite nt) ts efor, (Sects became egal, Th cane br ete aa ‘Seton uglebyrgen sc aan en eeepc oy SGGucmptoen om & i Ce vst om ism alt et arf eam to 7 Kae ‘ete chrom yo 3 (ejb cn orm tmey ebe iagan athtemn ie sence emis Tne Tot tol oy racer Sramcorn of ren colehet he mata Teo hr eeu eee * 28a wettest cytoheca e ‘ysl ati, bea oan rer eed yee a ‘Sse "tigre gr ptg vars each shee meee orm whi we stl eh hese pe, ae eames Keak ‘or nd hs die 249m Ts eas “prgt i “Sorspa he wh Epaga, Ragolmetcet Py ecole toxciomisn ise se <8 ose ‘Shits wo ori of chem Chaie> Ti» Bat Ma hirer 2122 Avil and Equatorial Bonds In Cpdohexane Testa cme silarualtg 29 z E aS conoid ® o resect) Gp 5.29 equ atl yn of oyeana Ee 2 eee ican a ai ceeseinemie oe one sess oat rotting Minna th perenne : hati y eee acer SIRS Tareas cco enn erent ohind nna SSeS Soe ee sees tyke Ene eet or band y tig en ptf he hi wpa Me nes ak ‘Sree tee non bonta mes Wveen eagpe Up nga od stones ‘Sees eoecisedndginsTam woul mrtos Naber soe ‘erate an hk Howere te at emt er overt sean ye See econ 1 cane baer LE La nose a nthe ist fom seer ip ly The wi boa conformationsCOORDINATION COMPLEXES — {CHE # Arises because of different relative atra angement of nt properties. In Four Coordin 1. Tetrahedral co to each other. * 2. Square PI: tise to diff \d having giving [Ins 1¢ Complexes ~\ exes does not give ecometric isomers because all four positions are adjacent ar Complexes show cis-trans isomerism ©-8. (a) [MAB,}" such situa ‘ation would not show geometrical isomers. (6) [MA,B,)9, (PUNH,),CL I? Sa] HN, A | a NH, cis trans (c) [MA ner eg. PANHL).C! Br] “Ne _— ww oy, A \ | | NH, . cis trans (4) [MABCD} gives three geometrical isomers ©.g. [P(NO,)(py)(NH, )(NH,OH)}* PBHCHNHYpy)] ©.LM(aB),p : ( NK ye \vZ a ~ ao 5 tis ro e.g. [Pt(gly),] (f) (M(AA),}" where AA is a symmetrical bidentate ligand. e.g, [Pt(bn),}* HC, yt ne NH,— 'C—NH, oN a Na “ “2 eC CH, HC Nea Nl? , Ye i Nw’ W% Nu uc z cis transs | COORDINATION COMPLEXES. sa < ‘CHEM ACADEMY In six coordinate complexes ve we have alreaty 5668 that a ]1. Composition MAI, has 2 geometric homers, 5 AMLIEET he coorttination FA ce is cOMposTO! ways 0 re two geomettic isomers possible for th peed ° bf ed by a stron at Setahedral + eis and trans. The key is w not got confused PY TT rahe isomers. You should especially remember that all six Peto a tris al bipyra re equivalent = which there are no axial and equatorial positions as there inwhi num (IV) ion. ‘the eistetraamminedichloroplatina © y For example. both drawings below repress the CI-Pt-Cl bond angle is 90° : jon, in which And both of these drawings represent the uans tetraamminedichloreplatinum (IY) io the Cl-Pt-Cl bond angle is 180°. nH, yt] ot me ) a) uN XH uN at a 2. Composition MA;, By, has two geometric isomers, The fae- isomer (short for “facial”) gets its name because all three chlorides are coordinated on one face of the octahedron. The mer-isomer (short for “meri ") has the three chloride ions coordinated in a plane that includes the metal ion. (This Corresponds to the meridian on a sphere, which is any plane through the sphere that contains the center). NI, -triamminetrichlorocebalt (IM) mertriammingttichlorweublt (MD) All three C-Co-Co bond angles are 90° TW Cl-Co-Co bond angles are 90° the other is 180" 3. Composition MA,B,C, has five geometric isomers. It’s just a matter 6f working out all the cis and trans possibilities for each pair of ligands. ~ Consider the cobalt complex [Co(NH,),C1,(NO,) NO, 7 nyy—t—er Co / aga xo, mu, cis diammine-civdichlor-trons. trans-diammine-cis-dichlora-cis-i- di-N. tocobaltate (111) ion: N-nitritocobaltate (IIL) ionCOORDINATION COMPLEXE EM ACADEMY wn ye yp bg ped peg wl = dhichlone-ers-h state (UT) 10m | isomers, is the ani = Srvc 11) 09 and mer, Herc, A-B represents an thanethiolate ion, NEZCHC The donor atoms are different joms are chratinmmine-tranecchtono-cis Sic ‘Nimtatocobatate (UI 00 4. Composition M(A-B), has two Ee! unsymmetrical bidentate chelating agent such 3 Jinoetlane the benzoylacetonate ion whose resonance forms are shown below aoa for aminoethanethiolate so itis clearly unsymmetrical, However, even though the omer Hn same (both oxygens) for benzoylacetonate, the two “ends” of the chelating anion are oxygen is close to a methyl group, the other to a phenyl group. feats i —_ on © og: 20: re: 2, ©, Fo ening, Coe Sp. aremi gee? 6, (ene d \ 0 fac-isomer, Co(b2ae),, Op is the oxygen the Os are all Closest to the phon! group. O, isthe oxygen i two ‘loses to the methyl group. Le all O-Co-O 0-Co-O angles 90° and one 180°. angles are 90" Composition M(A-A),B, has two geometric isomers, cis and trans. © ‘Here, A2A represents a symmetrical bidentate ligand such as acetylacetonate (aczc), oxalate (ox). + or ethylenediamine (en). The isomers for [Co(en),Cl,] are shown below. The N-N is +, ethylenediamine. Gey I a hn Syl hoy Stee YrTN e u HOH H ethylenediamine (en) s 1, 2-diaminoethane IUPAC 6. Composition M(A)B, has two geometric isomers, fac and mer. Here, A represents a tridentate ligand such as diethylenctriamine. The isomers for [Co(dien),Cl,] are shown below. The N-N-N is diethylenetriamine.Y < , COORDINATION COMPLEXES 45 CHEM ACADEMY ; , 5 Clea Gi co / Th fhe wom fa a8 EE? | ywhere ABC are three different ligands | Consider [Co(dienJABC] where ABC are three } The mer isomer has three possibilities , j 0 | i | | [t+] Nef } co co | / (Cel) (Ce (Cex SF | ete. (vii) [M(AA),ab]" type complexes: An important example of this type of complexes is [Co(en),(NH,)CI}® ion. This complex ion exists in cis- and trans- forms. cis-isomer is chiral and optically active. Therefore it can be resolved into d-and I-isomers. The d- and [-isomers are shown in figure. On the other hand the trans-isomer is achiral and optically inactive. Therefore the trans isomer can not be resolved into d-and /-isomers. fii) (M(AA)a,b,]" type complexes: Some examples of this type of complexes are [Co(en) (NH,),CL}*, [(Co(C,0,)(NH,),(NO,),}", [Co(en)(py),(C1)] etc. These complex ions show geometrical isomerism. The cis-isomers are chiral and optically active. Therefore these cis-isomers 's isomers are achiral and optically inactive and hence 2 | pooh’ 2+ transisomer ‘Achiral and optically inactive Fig, Optical isomers of (Coen) (NH, )CI}" ion. QaeecADEMY 6a to COORDINATION COMPLEXES HE : ny : eer my oC Co" ° 1 yn tH | | ley a \ a " 9 isomer : a ho, \ a transssomer Achical and optically ina A Fig, Sterioisomers of (Co(en)(NH,),C1, ion. Aix) (M(AB),]"* type complexes: An important example of this type of complexes is [Co(zly),]- This complex show geometrical isomerism and exist in isomers are chiral and optically acti fac- and mer-isameric forms. Both these : : . Therefore, both these isomers (tac- and mer-) can be resolved into d- and J- isomers. The optical isomers of [Co(gly),} are shown in figure. gly o¢ 0 = o~aly 2 fac-disomer “¢ N Mirror WW Io ‘ ay, iW ° E> EA N oy ayo mmerdsomer Miror nano én Fig. Optical isomers of (Co(gly),} &) ) M(AA),(BB) type complex: An important example of this type of complexes is [Co(en),(0x)] ion. This complex is neither cis nor trans but it has one optical isomer as shown in figure. 4 ' yy Bep-| _ |-csk N n—“en dasomer Mirror oon Fig. Optical isomers of (Co(en),(0x)}" ion,Pern COORDINATION GOMPLEZES 480) MAA) ABI" type complexes: Ths typeof camaplexes da nat show genmmettcal omer but these are chiral and optic: twee. Therefore these complexes can exist in d= and / bermerte ! fot i ' Seo, \ | i i isomer g oe see i | Fig. Optical isomers of [M(AA),CABY}" where AA is 59 bidentate ligand and AG b | : mmetric bidentate lizand and AB is an unsymmetric bidentate Higand ASI) [M(AA\(AB),]" type complexes : all geometrical isomer exist in @= and This type of complexes show geometrical isomerism and al and optically active. Therefore all the geometrical Homers ean in figure. ne BS) oyne i a YA A 8 a7 cietcomer BN yne trans-disomer Fig, Sterio isomers of {M(AA)(AB),}" ion fi) Octahedral complexes containing optically active ligands: An important example of this type of complexes is [Co(en)(pn)(NO,),]’ ion. This complex ion exists as two cis- and one trans isomers, each of the cis- isomers in chiral and optically active. Therefore the cis-isomers exist in d- and /- isomeric forms. On the other hand the trans-isomer is achiral and optically inactive. Therefore it does not show optical isomerism. 7 _\CADEMY we COORDINATION COMPLEXES ct “Set 7 ont Miror cis Homer oN, N, “(Exp No, cen ‘Actiral and opticaly inactive Fig, Sterio isomers of (Co(en)(pn(NO,),]" ion. )) Octahedral complexes containing polydentate ligands such as EDTA‘: The important examples of this type of complexes are [Ca(EDTA)]", [Mg(EDTA)]}*, [Co(EDTA)]- ete. These complexes are neither cis nor trans but these are chiral and optically active. Therefore they exist as d- and /- isomers. The d- and /-isomers of (Co(EDTA)}- are shown in figure. Fig. Optical isomers of (Cot een binuclear octahedral complexes (i,¢., Polynuclear complexes): Optical isomerism is not limited to mononuclear complexes. Polynuclear complexes containing bridging ligands can also exist as d- and /- isomers. For example, the binuclear Co" complex ion shown in figure exist as cis- and trans- isomers. The cis-isomers is chiral and optical isomers as shown in figure. The trans isomer is achiral and intemally optically compensated i. tive and thus exists as d- and + ive and Thus this isomer is an , it is meso form.Cnen mn | NH) (en),Co SColen) N\ 4 | NO? | ¢ of [Co,(en),(NII,)(NO, en | NH, | f Co | a y 2 i, en NO, | ——N N — 2 ~ I> Zz ——- 2 ( z— « z cis-lisomer cis-d-isomer transsomer Achiral and optically inactive Fig. Sterio isomers of [Co,(en),(NH,)(NO,)]* te nladeen AF Mn ALAA