Capitolul 1 Spatii vectoriale. Baze. Subspatii vectoriale. 11 Spatii vectoriale. Baze. 1.1.1 Probleme rézolvate LAL. Pema WOR AR x Re (P= (ation RITA) (im dare pa FDS (a tne gota toh) OR, VETER Seman ou sel pie °F = (01, 00,-0%) ER, EER" Va ER10 Bees problae dale ata pom niet ett ‘Sse arate ok (RY, +) ote un ep veces pest corp R. Sofie. Se wesc ore (Bate grup comutti,adick persis "4 eta seoltv, comtatv, linen nei exe Dw (00,0), puso LE ERY ante = (23-24 oj) ER ‘in continuare om vein oeare a 5 € BY orice a a, 9ER, operas extra ".* saifceuritarl me 018-8) =a. (8e,B0r.B2n) = (88 tee 8 a (oA A)-® = (0+ Aes (048) (0+ Bey) (e584) + (BB fe) = (0-8) 4 (Bh 8) (EH) = ole tanset terse t (oles -bie) ales + usb +4)) (or, Famesy bam. ets bm) (er a2y 034) (om 0.045) = (0-3) +(0-Th |b) 1-3 (2439,t9) 2, nde 1 ase lament alate da R Dos (4 ete un spt etait pste coral R 1.1.2, Shoal care din write sata de vest nt ine dene esi sau independent sin cas de dependents, determina depends Tie. 1) f= (01 = (12, -8).e0= (1 e9= (2) CR, i (1,0)%= (1,-2.6 4-1) CR, 1) Ly = fo = (2.4, 8,2}00= 1,240, Doone (1,-8.0) RS, Wo (4 42K y= Ey aE HTC RA Le = (01 = 8X40 = 2: = ONE BHC Balt Sole 1) Mtoe 1) olen deta wore nin indpandonl (= spectiv dependent). Plea, .09 € Rou ont + xt + nhs = 0. Ob ‘sete ine onngen Deosreerngul matric! soit stm mugen ste 2, eau ite sie ale oul fr de cole bana, del be eat un stem de veo tutes dependent. Petru determina pendent ni, deter 0 2a, -+a:-+ 4a =0 unde anon suit sesunocate principal, ay < BE necuszateecndack Obtinem oy = a3, 09 = Boy, dc © ree de depanden nian este (ad de ~~ 20+) =0. Motoda & isi citi prctic paren tua ar independ (respect dependent) una tem de ato din Re ‘estrtor ttt Rib ascask mats A on ae dept exes, aplari ordefien eco12 Bee polome de alte ir, gmat na ea ack anglers A tse aga x num de eet abun vector sunt liner independent asi ang matval A cate det de mamizal de woctor, sans vecter ont iar dependent Clem rangul mates aleuth peealoene ca eoordonaale vector sistem Ly. Ave 1 rongd=rang | 2 Deosree rang matic A eso aft de mmarul vcore dn sta, Wal =, re sitemeter dopendent. 0 ela de dependent Nor a determin ca mas 5 Din ceri prac, sem rongA= rang lor muse ectoeor di fy ene 3, reat of rang = 3 = [Ls aor sistmul ete nar edependent, 1) Pie ag € 8, § = TB cx am ea sty 0, Matrins sol 2a 40-0) =0 ait ay ttos tay =0 12a ister ogo aA soe {aj ~309=0 30 ato 119 rangal eal eu 2. Rel steal adie gf lt ain alae de ohn aga des Zee un seem nie dependent Set vsti, Bas B 2a +05 = a 1 +205 = oy ple a5 € R mecunost senda, obfinem oy = 00, eile de dependent nr ote dash de 9 — m+ =0. Jv) Fi 05,04 &R asl tnt oy + ons + ony + 48 = Oy Seinocuiet Boar vector ol A)eo(ss)en GG demo)“ Ustinnd proprietiile mater ne obine itera nar emogen ia stem updo aja sunt nesonoscute pln ey dio ana 20) +502 2a +40) =0 Ha tartay tase 0 Deoarce rangul mati esoda sistema mogen ete “4 rang wAmrang| 2 as ° aa a a ‘ga ex umirul de necancsete, reel sister xe comptiil determina anita don stn bans, oy = ap = oy = =O. Resale Lente un Seam ine independent, 1) Bie ai.anay © Rane 90; 05 99 = Oni Se fnlocseyefeezevetr, (X84 2K) + 0X8 =X 41) oy -X2#2NX 42) OaMBs protege nts, gone anak aia = exdonend up patente aX, (estan ~ ax) + (295 ~ ant 2a) 4 fon +295) = Ore { s obkine ster ar mores Deoaresrangul metros sols Setemu omnia ae 3, egal mcd ie necvoerate, etc stem ee compat etrmins i smite dae sli banal a) 03 = op w= Pein weave, Ly ete on sre do ota se ndependet i) Pe cysoniay © ail incStoy tasm +a3% © Ox etalon Bere vector en(8 + 0X ~2) +09 -2N2-4 3K 41) as(2K" = 9442) = Day se zdoneast dup pate aX, (lay ~ a+ 25914 + (By +809 — fay) X+ [~20y +09 -+03) =D se bine steal nor ogo Hoyo +29 0 {+3 = oy =0 toy taste 0 Deosrove rng mato ari sista mogen ete 2, df de aman de necanceul, reel sistema ete compa nadeterminat sade ‘cli sana. Spal trae. ane, 8 Arua cnt te ela tol nl ayaa ©, sole ita mon, ste into ont asts = Omi pel wana Ly te un ten erect nar doped. Pont a determin ein de dependent eterno cue nebals ‘titemuliomogen, Rangs mati stems este 2 gn determinant griae pal ete Oy lacie ia ay = exe Decuaemat ssedar iw ranv tem fa a euntievag tat “22 F [= W440: Neusosstale oo nt necunosete { Ae + = 4 totes = ta Fi solar stem omagen ete (20,20), R). Ludnd = 1, se 02 Oy = 2 elaine dependents clr te ecto cte 1.1.3, Sé se tude dack umdtourle stems de vector unt steme de owrtat In spa vcr precise: 01 (2,4,2)-05 (20,109 = (44,1) CR (= (10,2). = 20,4 = (18, FR 4) Se ied dct aie veto w= (x42) € Rae poate expe exo combina init vector din Fi 020m €B al net = 00 05-0 reat (5,342) = (04,2) +09(2,0,-1) + 06,41) ili propriety vector (3/8, +, 2 obine tema eae 2a, + Dont day = day to=y tamed |10 Bee proba dsb nar, gwar nail eri Deoarcr des) = 0 $ext un minor de cnn eid de eo, ; a] ifpacmamnens ste 3 reli rang = 2 4 9» rangi pin wrmare sie ete noi iba Existv= (10,0) caremase poate pina. ccmbiae na ‘estar in, dc mu eet geraondonersc ncn vee poste exprima cu o combate lark ecto dn i) Se veil dad oes wet » = (9,2) € R? se pete exprima ca 0 ‘ombianie aor «vst la, Fre ayanay €R ste inc monte ty, tea (2042) = 01,02) +042,0,-1] +a(1,21) ‘Vutiindpropritilsptiul torial (R2/R, 4), ain sitemal no snogen no tanto aay 205-0409 2 Dene Sl £m elt mp emi and eon taney cer v= (xyz) & RP existe ay fk ‘ey Sa ay = y atte Sette tooo nel wer dea ieg pee | Soap etc. Basa, " 14. Se consider tara tl dn RE AC Beto =(-1,20,0=0,29)00= (0,42). 1) Si arte ok B formes o bask in B 5) Si oe dotrmine cooronatal vctoat » = (2 csr bas, Sols.) Sista de vector Beste baa dak xe nr dependent item de genre Pew siudil liner independons se flee criteria practic pete ‘dl Inia ndependenel (rapectv dependents) ml sistem de vecar evi acest cl rangul mat! sett pe cola ex cordeaatele vector sistamul B 2) ele ta 110 aan oan Deowres rang mati 4 et pl ex mumfral veces din 8, en cb 2B eve un sistem lin independent, ncontinarese studs doc Dee stem de generator ach rc vitor = (2,42) € Re pute exrimacao combina ins vector ain B. Fle ay,0n 0 € Rated ncht v= a + ty + ay, eet rong = rong = (m2) = an-1,20) + 090,2,8) +200, Vilna proses patios veto (RYB-,-), se obine stern onegen 2a 4 2op berm oy-toy= =18 Bese gl pobeme de lee as, gem nati rel Deoursie det(4) #0 recut citer ete compat deters fad ‘moda lal Cramer s Sse ule sterulul. Agar, pnt orc ear ve (sin) ERP extn oy = 242,09 = 264 y—2, 05 = 60-9442 ste ctv = a, y+ oreo Hea ute de gneatr etcu 4) Pentru v= (1,-1.2) nobfin ay = 2, — 3 a5 = —11, codon vin osnB gly fn bass B mare v = 2 +99) ~ thn 45, Arta ch wrmtcarele tame de vector sunt bve ih mats se detec de abou easel ecare dn acs bon, pecum gmoes eee de a bass By In as a oy = (8,1) = (02,109 = (2,-1.0), Bam (w= tetas 24 Uy Unty oe) Satie. Deore 2,85 conn wn mid vst egal cn densi subpafls RE, esuciont arti ok. B, Hy sunt sete ise indepen dene, Pee scossta om fel exter paci, a pin vcr din Cela dou tame in taza canoe 10-2 Ton={ a2}, Too “110 Be= (= (44-2. = (49.195 1 (a... (Cum dea, = -9 4 0, dtfasy = —26 4 0 rer ck reneTaa.=3 rangny See ea mumiel vector din By, eaves cl dus stone de vector aut lini independant pla wnaoe unt been, ‘Spl male. Bae » ‘Gum vector tans By sunt expat in fone de vector base) By tine direct matscn de eee de a, eB, anne 120 Tame] 1.1 o-11 4h cartes Taya, = Tas 80m Tha 4.4.6. §) 88 se arate el utr satme de vatr wnt aoe In BY, sezpctv BL], nde Si = for = (2.01) 08» (0,-1.0) 29 = (3, “DP CRE, Sy (0 2X8, 2X4 yay AFH) CRIA 1) Si we determine enordonstle vectra u = (1,68) in basa Sg cordon vector v = -2X7 +X ~2n ben Si Sot, 1) Deoaes 8S confn un nami de veto egal cu diene sbepsilal #2, repectiv RlX] eflet ak ara ob. si S) sunt ese Hine independent. Pentru S, vom fl eters race, dik stim, ‘atin ore caine rector din site pl cloane: 204 aslo a3 jot (Cum det Ay = 6 0, ren ck rngAind eal cu mum vector din dec ee un stam de vet ic dependent. Patra stall sstemul 5, vem fla desis.20 i probleme dent inate als denial Fle ayaney € Rast net ae, +298 + 09k = Oey Selnloulse vest (2X? ~ 3X) +X 1) + (—27-4 4) = Gees ‘ ordonesrt dup patel Ii Xs obj tel nie emogen aoe =0 toy toy=0 oatdey=0 eoarerrengl tse asciat stenulal mogea ete 3, ol eu ual do meonocute, rei item eaten stem de vst liar indepen Pein urmare SS unt bao In B,rspectv RX). 1) Petr a determina conrdoatnle un ver intB vm fll dou eto: ‘ete 1. oles forms luo = Tasole, = Toate, lols = 7,0 respects Prin uaa w= dus + 9up +099 = — By ‘Melo 1 Exprimtm dest do etn respect ele dou bse 58; ropestiv 5. Fin ay, an 0 tespetiv Bi, BB coordoatle Iw rspectiy Spo vectra Bae, a 9 i, wepesiy Sy One amon siseme de eu Dotin=t2 — [ 28,-Aa 2 no Bere-8 | 384 =0 an Pet aya 2 = 1 rsp = =1, = Fle By = {(@,28}(-1, 1a), (4,0, 0) 2) Skee sate ck petra ace a €R, By fermess o bats 5) Si se diteroe matae eter de eben By fa bse. Bs i) Deerminat bara B indo mations de wecze ban bana =. 210 BeteTaae | 3-21 o-11 |v) Determinaibsa BY pnd of mason de treae dela bass Ba baa 100 BreteTon=| 8-2 1 1a Sabie §) Eien arin essere de vet Ula indepen ent, Deoaroceditrminantal eso mati deter abuse canis late 8, ete 4a¢0 Pst oie € R ate yongTh.a, = Sete egal mami de vector din item est Bete un ssa ina ndopendet, dito Bain B ) Cate dout tse, esac By se obj id Yl nepativ 9s Ati wor Bre (= (2,3) = (1-12 = 10-1}22g problene de ste ata, grossa anal Seni hahaa = (0,3), Matis de teers dea Be ste dll de ormsla Taya = Tas Tat, = Tal Tin bog) fra0) (yaa pad|feaol-lag a paras lesa} \aia 1) le on} vs bend BC mate den de a 210 231) sae oad By labesa B eta uy = Be 844 +009 = (7,3), Diem = (2.42), my =a -tan = (0-10) Iv) Baca By ee By = (by = (28)b = (1,-1.2) = (1 alt ors mati Ty, Aven vne(t ae Datei Spi cr, ae 2 ae 1p 1 3, = ti T= gE =(0 ap ye |=tow op 38 Prowaind ce hn rr ua = (hai gu (2m, 1.0 (88 1 Seon tele : MXR 2 XP 2K = aX? 8). ‘Shee devermin a € Rast $8 un Som ine dependent gh = xpi unl in yet aa de alt Sole St xe na pendent dick exit © combina ii ral 0. + 05 +05 = Once of covilni ut mal eh eo a+ Xa, ~ 2a) + (8, ~ ay) =. Acs condi conduc se iis omages ton =0 12a 0, fiy=0 ae eek adit al ithe xa tan decd oa. 120 yo -6 de unde reel c= —1. Peta acca al dn veto in 5 Fone Gesshti stein ole rela sama d mab super a= —1 Pests ay = 1 re 551, alos ty 20A Bere pooner, game ataltcenald 1.1.9. 63 ge detenine mates de ier de a basa Ba {X 342,274,041) CRN] ‘banca B= {X°, 2,1} Ry] ye ere ooronatele vector {= 10%? 0 +1 aba 8 Sole. Deore matin de tre de la basa exnonck Bl basa B re-to ste Tag | 3 0 2 | rem of matrices detec de a bana Ba zai ‘bara csnelel', ate dat de avert i Ta, det ons ys apis Tap= Tes | 7) apis 3/13 sna sis gta ie 0,04 ovordoatlevrtoruls fia bace B. Aven TOK? = BX 1 = af = 342) + 8-749) 4918 4, de unde pin deticaren coccinea stoma e-p=10 Botte}, combjaa=6, at D487 =1 Prin omar f poate 8 une’ LOX? 8X 41 50944 9) 460K 4. base 9 se fons 1.1.10, Matus do tse de a ba 2 la been “HG Spt vari Bae s oi Tae | 12-2 baa Se determine basa Sei, Determinm ma iivetes matte Toy, Dest “3p ap Tro-Tiln=| 420 ae |, =o ip in duck noth ou uuu) veto baz, beam ay, a.( 2 werdutinndee| a], oe ° 1g Jae det 11.2 Probleme propuse 1.4.1, Fie V un epaiovstrial ral. Defnim pe ¥2= V x V otrucurt ‘comple ate una: (0,1) 09) = 05.495), Yt) (a) © VA, Inmuie cu ser: (4), = (04bye), Yo €C, 9) © "A, ‘Sarna eX V2 formosa un spain vot, mum complenifeaal hi ¥