- the voltmeter must be connected in parallel with

ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS the component

MEASURING CURRENT WITH AMMETER
- To measure the current through a device or
component, the ammeter is placed in series with
the device or component.
- A series connection is used because objects in
series have the same current passing through
them.
- current is measured in amperes, A
- the ammeter must be connected in series with the
component
NOTE:
a. To measure potential differences in this series
circuit, the voltmeter (V) is placed in parallel
with the voltage source or either of the
resistors.
b. Note that terminal voltage is measured between
the positive terminal and the negative terminal
of the battery or voltage source. It is not
possible to connect a voltmeter directly across
the emf without including the internal
resistance r of the battery.

NOTE:
a. When an ammeter is used to measure the
current through two resistors connected in
series to a battery, a single ammeter is placed
in series with the two resistors because the
current is the same through the two resistors in
series.
b. When two resistors are connected in parallel
with a battery, three meters, or three separate
ammeter readings, are necessary to measure
the current from the battery and through each
resistor. The ammeter is connected in series
with the component in question.
MEASURING VOLTAGE WITH A OHMMETER
- Select a 10,000 Ω (10 kΩ) resistor from your parts
assortment. This resistance value is indicated by a
series of color bands. For a 10 kΩ resistor, the
color bands will be brown, black, orange, and then
another color representing the precision of the
resistor, gold (+/- 5%) or silver (+/- 10%).
- Connect the meter’s test probes across the
resistor, as shown in Figure and note its indication
on the resistance scale.

REMEMBER
● Ammeters need to have a very low resistance, a
fraction of a milliohm. If the resistance is not
negligible, placing the ammeter in the circuit
would change the equivalent resistance of the
circuit and modify the current that is being
measured.
● Since the current in the circuit travels through
the meter, ammeters normally contain a fuse to
protect the meter from damage from currents
which are too high.

MEASURING VOLTAGE WITH A VOLTMETER

- A voltmeter is connected in parallel with whatever
device it is measuring.
- A parallel connection is used because objects in
parallel experience the same potential difference.
- voltage is measured in volts, V