Describe how mu-

tations lead to ge-

netic variations.
Gene mutations are
chemical changes in one
or a few nucleotides that
occur at a single
point of a gene; muta-
tions in the genetic mate-
rial or makeup of a cell
are called mutations.
These types of mutations
occur during DNA replica-
tion, before cell division.
The original
cell's mutations are sub-
sequently passed on to
the new cell. Mutations
that occur in the DNA
of skin or muscle cells
are not passed on to the
offspring, but mutations
that occur in sperm
or egg cells are, resulting
in genetic variety. Moths
of the same species with
different colored
wings are an example of
genetic variation.
Which appears to
be more danger-
ous: the BRC1 or
BRC2 mutation?
According to the data,
BRC1 is significantly
more dangerous than
BRC2 because it has
the highest rate of pa-
tient deaths which is 18
percent, compared to
only 2.8 percent for
BRC2.
Analyze a
woman’s risk of
dying of cancer if
she carries a mu-
tated BRC1
gene.
A woman’s risk of dying
of cancer if she carries a
mutated BRC1 gene is
dangerously
risky since it has the
most deaths compared
to women who carry a
BRC2 gene mutation
or no gene mutations at
all.
How do heredity
and inheritance
relate to the data
presented in
these
charts?
The data is related to
heredity and inheritance
because if a person in-
herits a mutated
copy of either gene from
a parent, they have a 7
in 10 probability of de-
veloping breast
cancer. The number of
other family members
who have had breast
cancer also
increases the risk. The
greater the number of
family members af-
fected, the greater the
risk.
What data would
you need to see in
order to draw con-
clusions about the
effectiveness of
preventive surg-
eries?
What I would need is the
genetic analysis of the
patient's family and a lot
of accurate
research on the out-
comes of many people
with different types of
genetic mutations
(BRC1 and BRC2) who
underwent preventative
surgery, and then a
comparison of the
results, that is, how
many of the surgeries
were effective and
helped and how many
were not.What does the
age at diagnosis tell you
about the mutation?
The age of diagnosis re-
veals that the condition
is more typically diag-
nosed in women
between the ages of 40
- 50, implying that
women are more likely
to be diagnosed later
in life or as they grow
older.
Explain how
breast-cancer
genes are still
present in the
population, de-
spite
cancer-related
surgeries and
deaths.
Because when a person
inherits breast cancer,
the genetic mutation is
passed down to
the next generation and
then to the reproductive
cells. Doctors remove
the tumor, not the
genes, during surgery.
They try their best to
eliminate cancer, but
due to the difficulty of
eradicating it com-
pletely, cancer com-
monly returns to the pa-
tient, which is why the
majority of women de-
velop cancer again.
Citation:
Breast Cancer Risk Fac-
tors You Can’t Change.
(n.d.). Breast Cancer
Risk Factors You Can’t
Change.
https://www.cancer.org/c
ancer/breast-cancer/risk-
and-prevention/breast-
cancer-risk-
factors-you-cannot-
change.html#:~:text=If
%20you%20have%20in-
herited%20a,members
%20have%20had
%20breast%20cancer..